B Ayala SA-Peña HHA-SD

July 20, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A

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GBI]CXBH HM KE@MEKMZÆB [ BZR]KXMIX]ZB

MYI]MCB MYI] MCB ^ZDGMYK ^ZDGMYKDEBC DEBC HM KE@ME KE@MEKMZÆ KMZÆB B BFJKM BFJKMEXBC EXBC Idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr hm cds bòds :>2= bc :>2; me mc hkstrktd hm Ybe Fbrtæe hm ^drrms, Ckfb

XZBJBLD HM KEWMYXK@BIKÙE KEWMYXK@BIKÙE ^BZB ^BZB DJXMEMZ MC @ZBHD BIBHËFK BIBHËFKID ID HM< Jbiokccmr me Ke`mekmræb Bfjkmetbc

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@mstkù @ms tkùee hm Zkm Zkms`d s`dss y Bhb Bhbptb ptbikù ikùe e bc Ibfjkd Ibfjkd Ickfât Ickfâtkid kid

IOKICB[D ’ ^MZÜ :>:>

Æehkim hm idetmekhds

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ZMGMZMEIKBY ..................................................................................................... 92 BEM_DY ............................................................................................................... 9=

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Æehkim hm tbjcbs

Xbjcb 2< Fbtrkz hm dpmrbikdebckzbikùe ................................................................. 2: Xbjcb :< Zmsufme hm irktmrkds hm jüsqumhb. ...................................................... 2= Xbjcb 9< Kegcumeikb hm ekvmcms hm rukhd fâs bctds prdhuikhds pdr gumetms vmokiucbrms pmrkdhd fbòbeb ................................................................................................... 2;

Xbjcb 8< Kegcumeikb hm ekvmcms hm rukhd fâs bctds prdhuikhds pdr gumetms vmokiucbrms pmrkdhd tbrhm ........................................................................................................ :2

Xbjcb =< Idfpbrbikùe hm rmsuctbhds hm rukhd bfjkmetbc ide cds MIB hm rukhd, pmrkdhd fbòbeb ................................................................................................... :9

Xbjcb 7< Idfpbrbikùe hm rmsuctbhds hmc rukhd bfjkmetbc ide cds MIB hmc rukhd, pmrkdhd tbrhm ........................................................................................................ :=

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Æehkim hm gkùrbs

...................... .............27 ..27 Gkùrb 2< Gculd`rbfb hm prdimhkfkmetds hm rmvkskùe jkjckd`râgkib ........... Gkùrb :< Gculd`rbfb hm bctmrebtkvb hm sdcuikùe pbrb rmhuikr cb idetbfkebikùe

sdedrb vmokiucbr me Cb bv. Xüpbi Bfbru hmc hkstrktd hm YF^, Ckfb ............ .....................:0 .........:0

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Zmsufme

Mc djlmtkvd ms hmsirkjkr mc keirmfmetd hm idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr metrm cds bòds :>2= ’ :>2; me mc hkstrktd hm Ybe Fbrtke hm ^drrms ’ Ckfb, me cb Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru, me cbs ketmrsmiikdems ide cbs Bv. Fmrked Zmyeb, Iokfpu Diccd y Mhubrhd hm Objktio1 ide mc gke hm bebckzbr cbs odrbs puetb hm fdektdrmd hm fâs bctd ekvmc hm rukhd, y prdpdemr bctmrebtkvbs hm fktk`bikùe. Mc tkpd hm kevmstk`bikùe ms bpckibhb yb qum sm ketmrmsb me cb bpckibikùe hm cds idedikfkmetds tmùrkids b hmtmrfkebhb sktubikùe ideirmtb, mc hksmòd hm kevmstk`bikùe ms ed mxpmrkfmetbc trbesvmrsbc, tkpd hm pdjcbikùe y fumstrb vkmem obimr ekvmcms hm rukhd me hmikjmcms (hJ). Ym djtuvkmrde idfd rmsuctbhds cds bctds ekvmcms hm rukhd pdr gumetms vmokiucbrms< me mc pmrkdhd fbòbeb hm prmskùe sdedrb mqukvbcmetm (CMR) b 00 hJ y 07.0 hJ me cb zdeb idfmrikbc y zdeb hm prdtmiikùe mspmikbc rmspmitkvbfme rmspmitkvbfmetm. tm. Me mc pmrkdhd tbrhm djtuvkmrde mc ekvmc hm prmskùe sdedrb mqukvbcmetm b ?9.7 hJ me cb zdeb idfmrikbc1 mstds rmsuctbhds sm djtuvkmrde me mc fksfd cu`br y odrb puetb. Cds hmikjmcms sdjrmpbsbrde mc mstâehbr hm ibckhbh bfjkmetbc pbrb rukhd1 sm hmtmrfkeù qum mc keirmfmetd hm idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr hm cds bòds :>2= b :>2; keirmfmetd >.7 (hJ). ^bcbjrbs icbvm< Idetbfkebikùe biüstkib, rukhd, idetbfkebikùe sdedrb

vmokiucbr.

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Xom djlmitkvm ks td hmsirkjm tom keirmbsm ke vmokiucbr edksm pdccutkde jmtwmme tom ymbrs :>2= - :>2; ke tom hkstrkit dg Ybe Fbrtke hm ^drrms - Ckfb, de Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru, bt tom ketmrsmitkdes wkto Bv. Fmrked Zmyeb, Iokfpu Diccd beh Mhubrhd hm Objktio1 ke drhmr td bebcyzm pmba fdektdrke` odurs wkto tom okòmst edksm cmvmc, beh prdpdsm fktk`btkde bctmrebtkvms. Xom typm dg rmsmbrio ks bppckmh skeim kt ks ketmrmstmh ke tom bppckibtkde dg tomdrmtkibc aedwcmh`m td b spmikgki sktubtkde, tom rmsmbrio hmskè ks ede-mxpmrkfmetbc irdsssmitkdebc, typm dg pdpucbtkde beh sbfpcm idfms td fbam edksm cmvmcs ke hmikjmcs (hJ). Okò edksm cmvmcs grdf vmokiucbr sdurims wmrm djtbkemh bs rmsucts< ke tom fdreke` pmrkdh dg mqukvbcmet sdueh prmssurm (CMR) td 00 hJ beh 07.0 hJ ke tom idffmrikbc zdem beh spmikbc prdtmitkde zdem rmspmitkvmcy. Ke tom cbtm pmrkdh, tomy djtbkemh b sdueh prmssurm cmvmc mqukvbcmet td ?9.7 hJ ke tom idffmrikbc brmb1 tomsm rmsucts wmrm djtbkemh ke tom sbfm pcbim beh ruso odur. Xom hmikjmcs mximmhmh tom mevkrdefmetbc qubckty stbehbrh gdr edksm1 Kt wbs hmtmrfkemh tobt tom keirmbsm ke vmokiucbr edksm pdccutkde grdf :>2= td :>2; keirmbsmh >.7 (hJ). Amywdrhs< Edksm pdccutkde, edksm, vmokiucbr edksm pdccutkde

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Mc prkeikpbc prdjcmfb hm cb pdcuikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr cb Ckfb skmehd bcùebs hm cbs Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru me mc hkstrktd hm YF^, hdehm sm ujkib cb ]EK, me prkfmr cu`br, mc trâgkid vmokiucbr dibskdeb cb hmsmspmrbikùe hm cds idehuitdrms qum mfpkmzbe b tdibr gumrtmfmetm cbs jdikebs qum supmrbe cds hmikjmc tdcmrbhds pdr mc dæhd oufbed, sm`üe mc kevmstk`bhdr mc Hr. Imcsd Cckfpm (:>2=), bc mvbcubr mc prdjcmfb hm cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb me mc HYF^, pdr cb ediom mstâ pmrfktkhd ccm`br b cds 7> hmikjmcms sskmehd kmehd ueb zdeb id idfmrikbc, fmrikbc, pmrd sm obe rm rm`kstrbhd `kstrbhd obstb ?= hmikjmcms (^]I^, :>2=). Ody me hæb cb pdcuikùe sdedrb ms ueb prdjcmfâtkib b ekvmc fuehkbc qum bgmitb b cds objktbetms hm cbs `rbehms fmtrùpdcks, sk mstd ed sm idetrdcb d sm trbtb hm rmhuikr mc kfpbitd qum `memrbe cbs gumetms fùvkcms me cbs hkgmrmetms ikuhbhms fdhmreb (Idcquk, :>2;, p.2:). Bcùeds butdrms me sus tmsks mxpmrkfmetbcms eds hbe b idedimr qum cb Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru cds pbrâfmtrds hm rukhd sde ?> hmikjmcms me mc hæb. Ybjkmehd cb rmbckhbh prdjcmfâtkib sm rmbckzbrâ jüsqumhbs hm kegdrfbikùe idegkbjcm hm brtæiucds ikmetægkids sdjrm cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr me cds bòds :>2= - :>2; pbrb hmtmrfkebr sk ob bufmetbhd d hksfkeukhd cb idetbfkebikùe. ^dr dtrd cbhd, pbrb idetrkjukr b mstb kevmstk`bikùe tmemfds idfd djlmtkvd `memrbc hmsirkjkr mc keirmfmetd hm idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr metrm cds bòds :>2= ’ :>2; me mc HYF^, Ckfb. Bsæ idetrkjukr ide bctmrebtkvbs hm fmldrb. Íuâc ms mc keirmfmetd hm idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr metrm cds bòds :>2= ’ :>2; me mc HYF^, Ckfb4 Mc djlmtkvd `memrbc y mspmiægkids hm cb prmsmetm kevmstk`bikùe gumrde< Djlmtkvd @m @memrbc emrbc

Hmsirkjkr mc keirmfmetd hm idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr metrm cds bòds :>2= ’ :>2; me mc HYF^, Ckfb.

2

Djlmtkvds Djlm tkvds Mspm Mspmiægkids< iægkids< - Khmetkgkibr cbs o odrbs drbs ppuetbs uetbs hdehm sm `memrbe bctds ekvmcms hm rukhd pbrb bbpckibr pckibr

Fmhkhbs me mc HYF^, Ckfb. - Khmetkgkibr cb mst mstbikùe bikùe hhmm fdekt fdektdrmd drmd hhdehm dehm sm `memrù fâs bct bctdd ekvm ekvmcc hm rukhd pd pdrr

idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr metrm cds :>2= ’ :>2; me cb Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru me mc HYF^, Ckfb. - ^rdpdemr bctmrebtkvbs hm fktk`bik fktk`bikùe ùe pb pbrb rb rmhu rmhuikr ikr cb prdjcmfâtkib d sdcui sdcuikùe kùe b cb

idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr me cb Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru hmc HYF^, Ckfb. Idbrktm, (:>2;), me ueb kevmstk`bikùe rmbckzbhb me cb ]ekvmrskhbh Ebikdebc Gmhmrkid Wkccbrrmbc, Ckfb obim fmeikùe qum cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb pdr bctd trâesktd hm vmoæiucds b cd cbr`d hm cb Bvmekhb Xüpbi Bfbru me Ckfb ob ccm`bhd b hmtmrfkebr qum cb gumetm vmokiucbr hm trbespdrtm püjckid y prkvbhd qum `memrb ide`mstkùe vmokiucbr me odrbs puetb hm cb fbòbeb metrm cbs ?> bf y me cb tbrhm hm : pf - 8 pf Bhmfâs, dibskdebehd bfmebzbs b cds imetrds mhuibtkvds, idfd uekvmrskhbhms, idcm`kds y bibhmfkbs qum sm meiumetrbe me mstb bvmekhb. Ym`üe Xbpkb mt bc (:>2?, p.:). Me su mstuhkd mxpmrkfmetbc eds kegdrfb qum cb ibpktbc hmc ^mrü, mc ?> % hm cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb prdvkmem hmc pbrqum butdfdtdr yb qum me cds üctkfds :> bòds sm ob keirmfmetbhd edtdrkbfmetm cds vmoæiucds fdtdrkzbhds, keirmfmetbehd mc eüfmrd hm vkblms b ekvmc prdvkeikbc y rm`kdebc bc hæb hm ::,9 fkccdems sm mstkfb qum cbs ikgrbs bufmetme luetd ide cbs mfkskdems hm `bsms vmokiucbrms dibskdebehd `rbehms kfpbitds bc fmhkd bfjkmetm y cb sbcuh püjckib. Yke mfjbr`d, cds mgmitds hm cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr me Ybetb Icbrb hmc hkstrktd hm Btm, fkhkmrde cds ekvmcms hm rukhd ide ue sdeùfmtrd me trms pmrkdhds hkgmrmeikbhds tmekmehd idfd rmsuctbhd qum ue 8,07% hm pmrsdebs mstuhkbhbs metrm cds 9; y => bòds fbekgmstbrde okpdbiuskb fdhmrbhb, mc 77.0% hm cbs pmrsdebs mstuhkbhbs metrm cds 29 b 9? bòds hm mhbh tuvkmrde ue ekvmc buhktkvd edrfbc (Zdsbcms, :>20).

:

Me dtrd trbjbld mxpmrkfmetbc rmbckzbhd sdjrm mc fdektdrmd hm ekvmcms hm rukhd me vbrkds puetds mstrbtë`kids hmc imribhd hm ckfb, sdjrm mc gculd hmc trâgkid vmokiucbr sm hmtmrfkeù trms pmrkdhds1 fbòbeb, tbrhm y ediom, cds ekvmcms mvbcubhds supmrbrde mc 2>>% cds mstâehbrms hm ibckhbh bfjkmetbc mstbjcmikhb pdr cb edrfbtkvb pmrubeb mc MIB hmc Zukhd, Hmhuikmehd qum mc trâgkid vmokiucbr kegcuym fâs hmc =>% me cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb y cb hkgmrmeikb hmc pdrimetblm ms `memrbhd pdr dtrds gbitdrms (Wksb`b, :>2=). Cb idetbfkebikùe vmokiucbr `memrb mfkskdems `bsmdsbs hm idfjustkùe b cb btfùsgmrb y bc fmhkd qum eds rdhmb me cbs prkeikpbcms bvmekhbs hm cb ikuhbh Ckfb. Yke mfjbr`d, iubehd mstds ekvmcms bcibezbe fbèktuhms ideskhmrbjcms sm `memrb ueb gdrfb hm hbòd gæskid, mfdikdebc y pskidcù`kid me cbs pmrsdebs qum sde prdvdibhbs pdr cbs bitkvkhbhms oufbebs, kehustrkbcms y mc pbrqum butdfdtdr prkeikpbcfmetm (Fdrbcms y Brkbs :>29). Ym`üe cb ]EFYF (:>>0), eds hb b idedimr qum cbs `rbehms idetbfkebikdems bfjkmetbcms sde dibskdebhbs pdr mc pbrqum vmokiucbr me cb ikuhbh hm Ckfb, dibskdebhd mc irmikfkmetd vmrtk`kedsd hmc pbrqum butdfdtdr, bsæ fksfd gbikcktb cb kfpdrtbikùe hm vmoæiucds usbhds bgmitbehd hkrmitbfmetm mc bkrm pdr cds `bsms pbrtkiucbhd y ckjmrbhds pdr mstds vmoæiucds hmc smrvkikd püjckid y prkvbhd. Dtrd mstuhkd sdjrm idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr me cb grdetmrb hm Fëxkid, eds objcb qum mc rukhd me cb ikuhbh supmrb b cds 7= hJ, sm`üe cb (DFY), ideicuym qum cb ikuhbh prmsmetb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb pdr mc trâgkid vmokiucbr (Jmektd mt bc. :>2;). Ym`üe Okhbc`d, (:>20), brùfmetb qum cb b`cdfmrbikùe hm vmoæiucds ms mc prkeikpbc rmspdesbjcm hm cb mfkskùe biüstkib pdr mc usd mximskvd hm cbs jdikebs pdr cds fksfds idehuitdrms, bhmfâs ibjm hmstbibr qum bc rmbckzbr cbs fmhkhbs sm utkckzbrâ ue sdeùfmtrd, ibckjrbhdr y @^Y pbrb djtmemr cbs iddrhmebhbs rmspmitkvbs hm cds puetds hm fmhkikùe, ibhb puetd tkmem ue ketmrvbcd hm = fkeutds. Xmekmehd idfd rmsuctbhd, qum cds ekvmcms hm rukhd mximhbe b cds ?> hJ (hmikjmcms) sdjrmpbsbehd cds ekvmcms fâxkfds pmrfkskjcms hm rukhd.

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Cds butdrms Jdhdkrb mt bc (:>20), hmsirkjme qum mc rukhd prdhuikhd pdr mc trâesktd vmokiucbr ms cb prkeikpbc hm ibusb hm cb pdcuikùe biüstkib me cds bsmetbfkmetds urjbeds prdvdibehd cb përhkhb hm cb ibpbikhbh buhktkvb, bhmfâs `memrb ue hmtmrkdrd hm cb ibckhbh hm vkhb. Bsæ fksfd cds butdrms pcbetmbe cb mcbjdrbikùe hm pcbems hm rmhuikr cds ekvmcms qum rmqukmrme me prkfmrb kestbeikb hm kegdrfbikùe bimrib hm cb rmbckhbh biüstkib hm cb zdeb bgmitbhb, cd iubc fdtkvb cb rmbckzbikùe hm fmhkikdems hm cds ekvmcms sdedrds. Mc kevmstk`bhdr Oubybpb, (:>28), smòbcb qum cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr ms prdhuikhd pdr mc trbespdrtm püjckid y prkvbhds me cb ikuhbh hm Luckbib, sde cbs prkeikpbcms gumetms hm idetbfkebikùe bfjkmetbc me cb bitubckhbh sm`üe cbs mvkhmeikbs hm cbs kevmstk`bikde kevmstk`bikdems ms bc rmspmitd. Ydjrm tdhd, cb idetbfkebikù idetbfkebikùee sdedrb prdhuim prdjcmfbs b cb sbcuh püjckib, mstrës, sdrhmrb, mti. Me ue mstuhkd rmbckzbhd kehkib qum mc rukhd ms ued hm cds gbitdrms hm rkms`d gæskid, bskfksfd ide cbs vkjrbikdems y cb tmfpmrbturb. Cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb ms ueb hm cbs qum fmeds sm tkmeme me iumetb1 ske mfjbr`d, `memrb ue `rbe kfpbitd em`btkvd me cb ibckhbh hm vkhb hm cb pdjcbikùe (Akf mt bc. :>2:). Ym`üe cds butdrms Zbfærmz, Hdfæeùmz y Jdrrmrd, (:>22), brùfmetbe qum cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb ms ued hm cds prdjcmfbs qum irmime ibhb hæb y sm fbekgkmstb prkeikpbcfmetm me cds skstmfbs urjbeds y iuyb ibusb prkeikpbc rmibm me mc trbespdrtm, cds cæfktms mstbjcmikhds hm 9> b 9= hJ hmetrd hm cbs vkvkmehbs y hm 8= hJ me mxtmrkdrms. Bsæ fksfd cds butdrms yb betms fmeikdebhds eds hbe b idedimr qum cb idetbfkebikùe biüstkib ms ue kfpbitd bfjkmetbc em`btkvd qum `memrb prdjcmfbs buhktkvds, prdjcmfbs me cb prmskùe sbeùæemb, ibfjkds me rmspkrbikùe1 bctmrbikdems, hmsùrhmems pskidcù`kids idfd< cb beskmhbh, mstrës, b`rmskvkhbh, eâusmbs, kemstbjkckhbh, përhkhb brùfmetbtkvb, ibfjkds hm oufdr, krrktbjkckhbh, hmprmskùe y tbfjkëe `memrb kfpmhkfmetds hm hmsmfpmòd idfd ketmrgmrmeikb me cb idfuekibikùe, ibesbeikd, ibesbeikd, hkgkiuctbh pbrb hdrfkr, metrm dtrds1 iuyd kfpbitd hmpmehm hm cds ekvmcms hm rukhd `memrbhds me cb ikuhbh.

8

Fuòdz mt bc (:>>7, p.:), brùfmetbe sdjrm cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb ms ued hm cds prkeikpbcms kfpbitds bfjkmetbcms qum bgmitbe b cbs pmrsdebs hm cbs zdebs urjbebs, hkgkiuctbehd mc idetrdc y cb mvbcubikùe hmc kfpbitd bfjkmetbc me cb kegrbmstruiturb vkbc, skmehd cds pbæsms me væb hm hmsbrrdccbhds cds qum prmsmetbe fbydrms prdjcmfbs. ^dr dtrb pbrtm, cds pbæsms b ekvmc fuehkbc bpuetbe me b`rm`br cds mstuhkds hm kfpbitd bfjkmetbc hmetrd hm cds pcbems hm drhmebfkmetd tmrrktdrkbc y cb hkspdekjkckhbh hm omrrbfkmetbs bfjkmetbcms qum pmrfktbe hmsbrrdccbr cds pcbems, prd`rbfbs y prdymitds d hm smùkfkmetd pbrb khmetkgkibr cbs gumetms `memrbhdrbs hmc rukhd bfjkmetbc. Cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb pdr vmoæiucds me bvmekhbs, smitdr iëetrkid hm cb ikuhbh hm Cdlb sdjrmpbsbe cds rbe`ds pmrfkskjcms hm 7= (hJ) mstbjcmikhds pbrb zdebs idfmrikbcms fkxtbs hm biumrhd b cb c b edrfbtkvb bfjkmetbc bitubc, bgmitbehd hm mstb fbemrb cb sbcuh hm cb pdjcbikùe. Cbs ibusbs prkeikpbcms qum `memrb mc mximskvd rukhd vmokiucbr sdjrm tdhd me odrbs puetbs sde< mc mstrës, kesdfekd, pdib ideimetrbikùe, mti. ^brb fktk`br mc prdjcmfb sdjrm cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr me Cdlb rmbckzbrde ue pcbe hm fbemld hm rukhd, sdjrm prdpumstbs, tkmfpd hm kfpcmfmetbikùe ide mc prdpùsktd irmbr ideikmeikb bfjkmetbc sdjrm cb idetbfkebikùe biüstkib y sdjrm cds mgmitds em`btkvds qum prdhuim b cb sbcuh oufbeb me cds cu`brms iëetrkids hm cb ikuhbh hm Cdlb (Omreâehmz y Ybfbekm`d, :>2;). Mc prdjcmfb hm idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr ms ue tmfb rmsbctbetm. Mc hmsbrrdccd mideùfkid y hmfd`râgkid me cbs hkgmrmetms ikuhbhms hmc pcbemtb vkmem bufmetbehd ide prdjcmfbs me tmfbs bfjkmetbcms prmsmetm me tdhbs cbs ikuhbhms hmc ^mrü y zdebs urjbebs kfpbitbehd hkrmitbfmetm me cb sbcuh y ibckhbh hm vkhb hm cds pdjcbhdrms. Ym`üe cb meiumstb rmbckzbhb me mc hkstrktd hm cb Mspmrbezb, mc ?;% hm cds meiumstbhds ideskhmrb qum mc rukhd bgmitb b cb ibckhbh hm vkhb, mc ;>% hm cds meiumstbhds ideskhmrb fdcmstd bc rukhd `memrbhd pdr mc trâgkid vmokiucbr, mc 0=% hm cds meiumstbhds ideskhmrb qum mc rukhd ms hbòked y ibusb megmrfmhbhms b cb sbcuh1 bhmfâs, mc ;=% hm cds meiumstbhds ed tkmem idedikfkmetd sdjrm cb edrfbtkvb vk`metm sdjrm cds ekvmcms pmrfkskjcms hm rukhd me cb ikuhbh (Bzbòmhd y Msqume, :>2;).

=

Bitubcfmetm cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb ms ue tkpd hm bctmrbikùe bc bfjkmetm y ue prdjcmfb qum mstâ prmsmetm b ekvmc fuehkbc. Me cb ikuhbh hm Iblbfbrib, me mc bòd :>201 cds rbe`ds sdjrmpbsbrde cds mstâehbrms hm ibckhbh bfjkmetbc (MIB) mstbjcmikhds pbrb mc rukhd pdr mc Fkekstmrkd hmc bfjkmetm (FKEBF) me mc bòd :>>9 (Wâsqumz, :>2?). Ym hmgkem cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb idfd mc sdekhd ide ekvmcms hm ideimetrbikùe bctds qum bctmrb cbs idehkikdems edrfbcms hm ue fmhkd, pmrluhkibehd cb sbcuh hm cb pdjcbikùe. Mstm tkpd hm idetbfkebikùe ms ue `rbe prdjcmfb pbrb pbæsms ed hmsbrrdccbhds y qum btmetb ide mc keiufpckfkmetd hmc hmrmiod idestktuikdebc qum tdhb pmrsdeb pdsmm hm `dzbr hm ue bfjkmetm sbed y mqukckjrbhd pbrb mc hmsbrrdccd hm sus bitkvkhbhms (Zbfds, :>2?). Ym`üe DMGB (:>27), hmgkem cb idetbfkebikùe biüstkib idfd cb prmsmeikb hm rukhd me mc bfjkmetm y qum prdhuim fdcmstkb, `memrb pmrlukikd bgmitbehd b cb sbcuh y trbequkckhbh hm cbs pmrsdebs, cds jkmems hm iubcqukmr ebturbcmzb qum ibusbe mgmitd skèkgkibtkvd me mc fmhkd bfjkmetm. Ydcæs (:>20), smòbcb qum cb idetbfkebikùe biüstkib me Ckfb ob sufbhd, prdhuitd hmc hmsdrhmebhd trbespdrtm püjckid y prkvbhd me tdhb cb ikuhbh, mc bufmetd hm djrbs hm mhkgkibikùe y idestruiikùe, `rbe bufmetd hm cdibcms hm mspbrikfkmetd, irmikfkmetd hmsdrhmebhd hm em`dikds gdrfbcms m kegdrfbcms, mti. Mstbs hkvmrsbs gumetms hm idetbfkebikùe pdr rukhd mstâe prmsmetms me cb pdjcbikùe hurbetm tdhd hmc hæb ske eke`üe idetrdc. Zukhd

Ym`üe Jbrrkmetds (:>>8), obim fmeikùe qum cb prdhuiikùe hm rukhd me `memrbcfmetm mstâ icbskgkibhb hm hds gdrfbs, skmehd mstds< rukhd bfjkmetbc y diupbikdebc. Bsæ fksfd kehkib qum mc rukhd bctd prdhuim idesmiumeikbs em`btkvbs b cbs pmrsdebs me tdhd mc fuehd, hmstbibehd idfd cb smùehb ibusb fâs idfüe hm përhkhb buhktkvb emurdsmesdrkbc.

7

^brb Fmrvkem (:>>?), eds hkim qum bc rukhd sm hmjm tdfbr me iumetb sus ibrbitmræstkibs hm iùfd sm prmsmetb, yb qum su vbrkbikùe me ketmeskhbh, hurbikùe y su bspmitd hmc sdekhd pumhm `memrbr idesmiumeikbs me cb sbcuh hm cds objktbetms d bc fmhkd bfjkmetm sm`üe mc ekvmc hm rukhd prdhuikhd. ^dr dtrd cbhd, Wmrb (:>>>), hmsirkjm qum iubehd eds meidetrbfds ibfkebehd pdr cbs ibccms, bvmekhbs, mti. Bc mxkstkr ueb ketmrgmrmeikb iubehd sm rmbckzb ueb idevmrsbikùe ibusbhb pdr mc rukhd fdcmstd, vkmem b smr ueb ibusb fuy kfpdrtbetm bc fdfmetd hm edfjrbr fdcmstkbs me cbs pmrsdebs. Xbfjkëe kehkib qum mc rukhd kegcuym me cb keibpbikhbh hm msiuiobr y mc hmsmfpmòd hm bitkvkhbhms cbjdrbcms cbjdrbcms.. Bsæ fksfd Zbfærmz mt bc (:>>7, p.9), eds hbe b idedimr me su kevmstk`bikùe hmc rukhd cbjdrbc qum cb ibusb prkeikpbc hm cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb ms cb fksfb bitkvkhbh oufbeb qum ibhb hæb skùm irmikmehd, mstd hmjkhd bc irmikfkmetd pdjcbikdebc me cbs urjms, tbfjkëe mc trâgkid vmokiucbr, mc trbespdrtm bërmd, cb idestruiikùe hm mhkgkibikdems, djrbs prkvbhbs y püjckibs y cbs bitkvkhbhms kehustrkbcms, metrm dtrds, pdr dtrb pbrtm, mstbs bitkvkhbhms sufbe mc ekvmc hm rukhd me ue fmhkd, hmstruymehd cb ibckhbh hm vkhb y sbcuh hm cds objktbetms. Mgmitds Mgm itds hmc ruk rukhd hd

Zbfærmz mt bc (:>>7), me su kevmstk`bikùe brùfmetb qum cds mgmitds hmc rukhd pumhme ccm`br b hkstketds âfjktds y ùr`beds hmc smr oufbed idfd fdcmstkbs pskidcù`kibs, hmsideimetrbikùe, hmsideimetrbikùe, mcmvbikùe hm cb prmskùe brtmrkbc, mti. ^brb cb dr`bekzbikùe fuehkbc hm cb sbcuh (DFY) (:>22), mc rukhd bgmitb hkrmitbfmetm sdjrm cds kehkvkhuds, ibusbehd mgmitds hkvmrsds y me cb fbydræb hm ibsds ed pumhme smr fmhkhds gâikcfmetm1 bhmfâs, mxkstme bcùeds idesmesds sdjrm vbrkds puetds qum hbe mvkhmeikb cb rmcbikùe mxkstmetm metrm cds ekvmcms hm rukhd y mc hmtmrkdrd hm cb sbcuh idfd me mc ibsd hm hkgkiuctbh hm bprmehkzblm. ^dr dtrd cbhd, cds mgmitds ibrhkdvbsiucbrms, bctmrbikdems hm cb ibpbikhbh idèktkvb, rupturb hm cb fmfjrbeb tkfpâekib, metrm dtrds.

0

Hmikjmcms

Wmrb (:>>>), obim fmeikùe qum cb uekhbh buhkd fëtrkib, prdhuikhb pdr cb hëikfb pbrtm hmc (hJ) qum ms mxprmsbhb me gdrfb cd`brætfkib hm cb rmcbikùe hm hds prmskdems biüstkibs. Idetbfkebikùe Idetb fkebikùe sdedrb

Ms cb prmsmeikb hm ekvmcms hm rukhd me mc bfjkmetm mxtmrkdr d bc ketmrkdr, qum `memrbe rkms`ds b cb sbcuh y b cb ibckhbh hm vkhb sm`üe (H.Y E¾ >?=-:>>9-ÎF). Ym`üe mc butdr (Ibrpkd, :>201 p. 20) eds hb b idedimr qum mc mximsd hm rukhd sm ob idevmrtkhd me ue trmfmehd prdjcmfb fuehkbc, qum bgmitb cb ibckhbh hm vkhb hm cbs pmrsdebs, prkeikpbcfmetm me bqumccds qum sm mxpdeme hkbrkbfmetm b mstm tkpd hm idetbfkebikùe.

?

KK.

FMXDHDCD@ÆB

:. :.2. 2.

Xkpd y hksmòd hm kevmstk `bikùe

:. :.2. 2.2. 2. Xkpd hm kevmstk` bikùe.

Mstm prdymitd hm kevmstk`bikùe smrâ hm tkpd bpckibhb, yb qum bpckib cb utkckzbikùe hm cds idedikfkmetds bhqukrkhds b cd cbr`d hmc tkmfpd, b cb vmz qum sm bhqukmrme dtrds1 pdstmrkdrfmetm hm kfpcmfmetbr y skstmfbtkzbr cb prâitkib jbsbhb me kevmstk`bikùe (Wbr`bs, :>>;). :. :.2. 2.:. :. Hksmòd hm kevmstk`bikùe. kevmstk`bikù e.

Me mc hksmòd ed mxpmrkfmetbc sm tdfb me iumetb hurbetm mc tkmfpd hm rmidcmiikùe hm hbtds, mstds sde< hksmòd trbesvmrsbc, hdehm sm rmidpkcbe hbtds hm ue sdcd fdfmetd, me ue tkmfpd üekid, mc prdpùsktd ms hmsirkjkr cbs vbrkbjcms y su keikhmeikb me ketmrrmcbikùe me ue fdfmetd hbhd, y mc hksmòd cde`ktuhkebc, hdehm sm jusibe hbtds b trbvës hmc tkmfpd me puetds d pmrkdhds, pbrb obimr kegmrmeikb rmspmitd bc ibfjkd, sus hmtmrfkebetms y sus idesmiumeikbs (Ybfpkmrk, :>>9). Cb kevmstk`bikùe qum sm rmbckzù ms tkpd hmsirkptkvd, rmtrdspmitkvd, yb qum rmidcmitbfds cb kegdrfbikùe hmshm mc bòd :>2= obstb :>2; hm pcbtbgdrfbs idegkbjcms kehmxbhbs hm brtæiucds, rmvkstbs, mti. Ym`üe Omreâehmz, Gmreâehmz y Jbptkstb, (:>2>, p 220), mc hksmòd utkckzbhd pbrb cb prmsmetm kevmstk`bikùe sm prmsmetb me mc skùkmetm msqumfb< @rupd d Fumstrb @

I Ekvmcms hJ

Djsmrvbikùe D

;

Djsmrvbikùe D< Cb djsmrvbikùe me mstb kevmstk`bikùe ms fuy kfpdrtbetm yb qum b trbvës hm cbs jüsqumhbs jkjckd`râgkibs hm gumetms idegkbjcms idfd< @dd`cm bibhëfkid, Yikmcd, metrm dtrds. Ym obim usd hm cb djsmrvbikùe me cb rmbckzbikùe hm cbs cmiturbs râpkhbs, rmsüfmems, beâcksks irætkids hm cb kegdrfbikùe, jusibehd cb idomrmeikb me cb hmsirkpikùe hm cb kegdrfbikùe meidetrbhb hm kevmstk`bikdems mxpmrkfmetbcms. Fumstrb @< Me mstb kevmstk`bikùe cb fumstrb ms cb kegdrfbikùe rmcmvbetm meidetrbhb hm brtæiucds, rmvkstbs kehmxbhbs hm pcbtbgdrfbs idegkbjcms, pbrb su pdstmrkdr beâcksks hm rmsuctbhds prkeikpbcms hm cds ekvmcms hm rukhd djtmekhds, sm`üe mstuhkds mxpmrkfmetbcms. Ekvmcms hJ I< Mc prdhuitd hm cbs hkgmrmetms kevmstk`bikdems rmbckzbhbs, sm jbsb me cds rmsuctbhds meidetrbhds hm cbs kevmstk`bikdems mxpmrkfmetbcms rmbckzbhbs hm cds üctkfds = bòds (kegdrfbikùe bitubc), megdibhbs me cb hmsirkpikùe hm cds hkgmrmetms rmsuctbhds hm hmikjmcms djtmekhds sm`üe kevmstk`bikdems meidetrbhbs meidetrbhbs me mc imetrd hm Ckfb. :. :.:. :.

Wbrkbjcms Wbrkbjcms y Dpm Dpmrbikdebck rbikdebckzb zbikùe ikùe

:.:.2. Wbrkbjcm.

Idetbfkebikùe sdedrb. :.:.:. Dpmrbikdebckzbikùe.

Fdelm, (:>22), brùfmetb qum cb dpmrbikdebckzbikùe ideskstm me mc mstbjcmikfkmetd hm skèkgkibhds hm cds tërfkeds hmc mstuhkd y me cb mstkpucbikùe hm cbs dpmrbikdems d sktubikdems qum pumhme smr djsmrvbhds, hm cd iubc bc`d qumhbrâ ujkibhd me hmtmrfkebhb ibtm`dræb d smrâ iubetkgkibhd hm bcùeb fbemrb.

2>

Hmgkekikùe Dpmrbikdebc.

Cds irktmrkds pbrb mvbcubr ueb hmgkekikùe dpmrbikdebc sde jâskibfmetm iubtrd< bhmiubikùe bc idetmxtd, ibpbikhbh pbrb ibptbr cds idfpdemetms hm cb vbrkbjcm hm ketmrës, idegkbjkckhbh y vbckhmz. ]eb idrrmitb smcmiikùe hm cbs hmgkekikdems dpmrbikdebcms hkspdekjcms d cb irmbikùe hm cb prdpkb hmgkekikùe dpmrbikdebc sm meiumetrbe fuy rmcbikdebhbs ide ueb jumeb rmvkskùe hm cb jkjckd`rbgæb. Iubehd sm rmbckzb hm fbemrb iukhbhdsb, sm tkmem ueb `bfb fâs bfpckb hm hmgkekikdems dpmrbikdebcms pbrb mcm`kr d fâs khmbs pbrb hmsbrrdccbr ueb eumvb (Omreâehmz, Gmreâehmz y Jbptkstb, :>28, p.2:2).

22

Xbjcb 2< Fbtrkz hm dpmrbikdebckzbikùe

Wbrkbjcm

Hmgkekikùe ideimptubc

]ekhbh Hkfmeskdems

(hJ)

hm

^mrkdhd

ekvmcms

Fbòbeb

Odrbs

? (hJ)

> b 7> (hJ)

bhmfâs

Zbe`d

qum bctmrb

(hJ)

cbs

fmhkds

idehkikdems edrfbcms

hm fmhkhb

Zbe`d Mximsd hm

Kehkibhdrms

’ 2> bf

hm ekvmcms Xbrhm

7> b ;> (hJ) :pf

hmc

Zbe`d

bfjkmetm

(hJ)

Hmikjmcms

^mrkdhd

hm ekvmcms

Odrbs puetbs

’

8pf

bctds ;> b 28> (hJ) Gumetm< Mcbjdrbikùe prdpkb

2:

:. :.9. 9.

^djcbikùe , Fumstrb y Fumstrmd

:.9.2. ^djcbikùe.

Cb pdjcbikùe hm mstuhkd ms mc ideluetd hm ibsds hmgkekhd, ckfktbhd y biimskjcm, qum gdrfbrâ rmgmrmeikb pbrb mcm`kr cb fumstrb hm mstuhkd, qum iufpcm ide ueb smrkm hm irktmrkds mstbjcmikhds kekikbcfmetm. Bsæ fksfd ms kfpdrtbetm pdrqum bc ideicukr cb kevmstk`bikùe b pbrtkr hm ueb fumstrb hm hkiob pdjcbikùe, smrâ pdskjcm `memrbckzbr cds rmsuctbhds djtmekhds hmc mstuhkd me ueb pdjcbikùe fâs `rbehm (Brkbs, Wkccbsæs y Fkrbehb, :>27, p.:>:). ^dr cd mxpumstd, pdhmfds djsmrvbr qum me mstm mstuhkd eumstrb pdjcbikùe smrâ< cds ekvmcms hm rukhd me hmikjmcms (hJ) qum sm prdhuime b cd cbr`d hm cb Bvmekhb Xüpbi Bfbru me mc hkstrktd hm Ybe Fbrtke hm ^drrms pdr gumetms vmokiucbrms. :.9.:. Fumstrb.

Me ueb fumstrb sm pcbetmbe cbs hkgmrmeikbs metrm f fumstrmds umstrmds prdjbjkcæstki prdjbjkcæstkids ds

y ed prdjbjkcæstkids, sm bebckzbe cbs iumstkdems hm drhme prâitkid qum obime qum me cb kevmstk`bikùe fuiobs vmims sm usme fumstrbs keikhmetbcms y iùfd mstd pumhm bgmitbr d ed cb vbckhmz mxtmreb hm cds tkpds hm fëtdhds hm kevmstk`bikùe iubetktbtkvb y quë dtrds rmiursds sm pumhme utkckzbr pbrb bfkedrbr mstb prdjcmfâtkib (Br`kjby, :>>;). Cb prmsmetm kevmstk`bikùe, cb fumstrb ms mc ekvmc hm rukhd me hmikjmcms (hJ) qum sm prdhuime me vbrkbs ketmrsmiikdems hm cb Bvmekhb Xüpbi Bfbru me mc hkstrktd hm Ybe Fbrtke hm ^drrms pdr gumetms vmokiucbrms. :.9.9. Fumstrmd.

Iktbhd pdr Fuòds (:>2?, p. ?) cbs fumstrbs qum sm mck`me b cds mcmfmetds ed sm obime me jbsm b cb prdjbjkckhbh, sked sm rmbckzbe me jbsm b cbs ibrbitmræstkibs hm cb fksfb kevmstk`bikùe d cd mstkfbhd idevmekmetmfmetm pdr mc mqukpd hm kevmstk`bikùe. Bhmfâs, cb smcmiikùe hmc tkpd hm fumstrmd hmpmehmrâ hm cds djlmtkvds hmc mstuhkd y hm cds rmsuctbhds qum sm qukmrbe djtmemr idfd bpdrtm ikmetægkid, y hmshm cum`d bebckzbr cb pmrtkemeikb y 29

rkùrdskhbh hm cb kegdrfbikùe ide cb qum sm ùæb cb smcmiikùe y hksmòd hm prdimhkfkmetds hm beâcksks m ketmrprmtbikùe. Cb prmsmetm kevmstk`bikùe ms hm ibrâitmr ed prdjbjkcæstkid, yb qum cb fumstrb ed ms ibciucbhb bc bzbr, eds jbsbrmfds me mc ekvmc hm rukhd fmhkhd dibskdebhd sm`üe mstbikùe hm cds hkgmrmetms puetds hm fmhkikùe me ue hæb (Fbòbeb, tbrhm y ediom). Hm mstuhkds mxpmrkfmetbcms rmbckzbhds. :. :.8. 8.

Xëieki Xëiekibs bs m Kestru fmetds hm rmidcmiik rmidcmiikùe ùe hm hbtds

:.8.2. Xëiekibs.

Djsmrvbikùe :.8.:. Kestrufmetds.

Jüsqumhb hm kegdrfbikùe hm pcbtbgdrfbs idegkbjcms, brtæiucds ikmetægkids, rmvkstbs kehmxbhbs, hdiufmetds, mti. Bsæ fksfd cds kevmstk`bhdrms qum rmbckzbrde cbs kevmstk`bikdem kevmstk`bikdemss mxpmrkfmetbcms utkckzbrde idfd kkestrufmetd estrufmetd hm

fmhkikùe hm cds hmikjmcms gum mc sdeùfmtrd. :.=.

^rdimhkfkmetd

Mc prdimhkfkmetd su`mrkhd hm cb tmdræb guehbfmetbhb, kfpckib qum mc kevmstk`bhdr ms, prdpkbfmetm mc kestrufmetd hm cb kevmstk`bikùe (^bcbikds y \ârbtm, :>2?). Mstm tkpd hm prdimhkfkmetd keicuym mc fdhd hm rmidcmiikùe hm kegdrfbikùe, qum sm ob rmbckzbhd me cb fbtrkz hm dpmrbikdebckzbikùe qum sm obe tdfbhd me iumetb cbs hkfmeskdems, kehkibhdrms y uekhbh hm fmhkhb. ^brb cb kevmstk`bikùe qum sm rmbckzù hm tkpd hmsirkptkvd, rmtrdspmitkvd sm prmiksb iùfd sm sm ob rmbckzbhd cb kevmstk`bi kevmstk`bikùe kùe b trbv trbvës ës hm hdiufme hdiufmetds tds tbcms idfd< brtæiucds hm rmvkstbs kehmxbhbs, kevmstk`bikdems hm kestktutds hm mstbhæstkib püjckids, mti., mti., pbrb djtmemr cb kegdrfbikùe sm ob jusibhd hm cbs pcbtbgdrfbs fâs bitubckzbhbs y idegkbjcms qu qumm sm obe ideskhmrbhd id idee cbs jüsqumhbs hm hmtmrfkebhbs pbcbjrbs icbvms idfd< Idetbfkebikùe Ydedrb, Idetbfkebikùe Ydedrb Wmokiucbr, Idetbfkebikùe Biüstkib, Edksm pdccutkde, 28

Wmokiucbr edksm pdccutkde, me jbsm b cds hbtds bibhëfkids idfd @dd`cm bibhëfkid, Yikmcd, mti. ideskhmrbehd bhmfâs qum cb kegdrfbikùe smb bitubckzbhb me cds üctkfds = bòds hm betk`ómhbh. Mc usd hm pbcbjrbs icbvm me khkdfb ke`cës, mspbòdc, hmpmehkmehd hm cb ebturbcmzb hm cb kevmstk`bikùe qum sm mstâ rmbckzbehd, sm vb utkckzbr ueb tbjcb hm rmsufme hm cds hdiufmetds utkckzbhds ideskhmrbehd cds irktmrkds hm keicuskùe y mxicuskùe hm pbcbjrbs. –Idetbfkebikùe

sdedrb‖

d

–Idetbfkebikùe

sdedrb

vmokiucbr‖

beh

–Idetbfkebikùe biüstkib‖ d –Edksm pdccutkde‖ beh –Wmokiucbr edksm pdccutkde‖.

Xbjcb :< Zmsufme hm irktmrkds hm jüsqumhb. Xkpd

hm

^bcbjrbs

hdiufme

icbvms

td

jüsqumhb

hm

Irktmrkds hm

Irktmrkds

keicuskùe

hm mxicuskùe

Brtæiucds

Idetbfkebikù

Brtæiucds

Brtæiucds

ikmetægkids

e sdedrb

pujckibhds

pujckibhds

metrm :>2= b

betms

:>2;

:>2=

hmc

Kegdrfms

Idetbfkebikù

Mstuhkds hm

Mstuhkds

tëiekids

e

Cbtkedbfërki

gumrb

b

Cbtkedbfër

sdedrb

vmokiucbr

hm

kib

Xmsks

Idetbfkebikù

Jkjckd`rbgæb<

Jkjckd`rbgæb

e biüstkib

ekvmc

<

cbtkedbfërkib

fuehkbc

ekvmc

Gumetm< Mcbjdrbikùe prdpkb.

2=

–Idetbfkebikùe sdedrb‖ d –Idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr‖ beh –Idetbfkebikùe biüstkib‖ d –Edksm pdccutkde‖ beh –Wmokiucbr edksm pdccutkde‖.

@dd`cm bibhëfkid, Yikmcd, Yidpus, mti.

^bcbjrbs icbvms hm

^cbtbgdrfbs/Jbsm hm

jüsqumhb

hbtds

Idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr

Idrrmcbikùe hmc tkmfpd :>2= ’ :>2; Khkdfb< ke`cës y mspbòdc

Irktmrkds

Brtæiucds ikmetægkids Beâcksks hm rmsuctbhds

Xmsks

Zmvkstbs kehmxbhbs

@memrbikùe hm bctds ekvmcms hm rukhd

.

Cu`brms ide fbydr kegcumeikb

Odrbs puetbs hm ue hæb

Fbòbeb ?> bf

Fmhkhbs hm fktk`bikùe pbrb idetrb rmstbr cb idetbfkebikùe

Xbrhm : pf ’ 8 pf

Hdcdr hm ibjmzb, mstrës, hkgkiuctbh hm bprmehkzblm, mti.

^rdjcmfbs me cb sbcuh hm cbs

Gkùrb 2< Gculd`rbfb hm prdimhkfkmetds hm rmvkskùe jkjckd`râgkib

Gumetm< Mcbjdrbikùe prdpkb

27

:. :.7. 7.

Fëtdhd Fëtdhd hm Beâcks ks hm Hb Hbtds tds

Mcbjdrbhd pbrb mc tkpd hm kevmstk`bikùe hm rmvkskdems jkjckd`râgkibs, tmsks, brtæiucds ikmetægkids, rmvkstbs kehmxbhbs, b trbvës hmc beâcksks irætkid. :.7.2. Beâcksks irætkid.

Mc beâcksks irætkid eds pmrfktm mvbcubr ue brtæiucd, b trbvës hm cbs cmiturbs râpkhbs y ue rbzdebfkmetd r bzdebfkmetd irætki irætkidd hm cds rrmsuctbhds msuctbhds hm ue mstuhkd. :. :.0. 0.

Bspmitds Bspmit ds Ëtkids

Ym utkckzù cbs iktbs KYD pbrb cbs rmgmrmeikbs jkd`râgkibs me bckembfkmetd hm KYD 7;> qum sm ob meidetrbhd me cbs pcbtbgdrfbs bitubckzbhbs y idegkbjcms idfd sde< @dd`cm bibhëfkid, Yikmcd, mti. Me mstb kevmstk`bikùe gum emimsbrkd ueb ùæb hm kevmstk`bikùe jrkehbhb pdr eumstrb ibsb hm mstuhkds. Bsæ fksfd mc trbjbld hm kevmstk`bikùe fumstrb rmsuctbhds vmrbims hm cbs kevmstk`bikdems mxpmrkfmetbcms qum sm obe tdfbhd idfd rmgmrmeikb pbrb

rmbckzbr mstb kevmstk`bi kevmstk`bikùe. kùe.

20

KKK.

ZMY]CXBHDY ZMY]CXB HDY [ HKYI]YKÙE

9.2.

ZMY]CXBHDY

Hmtmrfkebikùe hm bctds ekvmcms hm rukhd pdr gumetms vmokiucbrms hurbetm odrbs puetbs. Mstuhkds mxpmrkfmetbcms obe djtmekhd hkgmrmetms rbe`ds hm ekvmcms hm rukhd dibskdebhd pdr cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr, sm obim ue beâcksks hm cds vbcdrms qum hkmrde idfd rmsuctbhd hm hkiods mstuhkds sm`üe pmrkdhd hm ue hæb me tured fbòbeb y tbrhm, hurbetm odrbs puetbs hm cb Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru hmc HYF^. Xmekmehd me iumetb cd mxpumstd sm tdfbe hbtds hm trms kevmstk`bikdems, idfpbrbehd cds ekvmcms hm rukhd prdhuikhds pdr gumetms vmokiucbrms hm cds hkgmrmetms butdrms y cb ibpbikhbh qum djtuvkmrde, pmrfktkmehd cb hmtmrfkebikùe hmc ekvmc fâs bctd prdhuikhd hurbetm odrbs uetbs hmc hæb.

2?

Xbjcb 9< Kegcumeikb hm ekvmcms hm rukhd fâs bctds prdhuikhds pdr gumetms vmokiucbrms pmrkdhd fbòbeb

But drms

Hmsir kpi kùe (ujk ibik ùe,

Odrbs puetbs sm`üe pmrkdhd fbòbeb/

Xkmfpd

hkrmiikùe, rmgmrmeikb)

ekvmcms hm prmskùe sdedrb (hJB)

fmhkikùe

fmhkikùe

00

:> fke.

2=/>=/:>2?

07.;

:> fke.

28/>=/:>2?

-

07.0

2> fke.

T

-

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T

Odrb

(C Fke y

hm

Gmiob hm

C Mq

C Fbx) Idbrktm, :>2;

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?20/FHYF^ Bv. Fkùmc Âe`mc - Bv.

T

Xüpbi Bfbru

Kegdrfm tëiekid -

^bebfmrkibeb edrtm grmetm

DMGB, :>2=

b cb fuekikpbckhbh hkstrktbc

=8.: ;>.7

T

T

hm Ybe Fbrtæe hm ^drrms

Gumetm< Mcbjdrbikùe prdpkb

2;

Me cb tbjcb 9< Kegcumeikb hm ekvmcms hm rukhd fâs bctds prdhuikhds pdr gumetms vmokiucbrms pmrkdhd fbòbeb, sm djsmrvù me mc Kegdrfm Xëiekid - DMGB (:>2=) djtuvd idfd rmsuctbhd mc ekvmc fâs bctd hm prmskùe sdedrb mqukvbcmetm CMR ?9 (hJ) me odrbs puetbs me pmrkdhd fbòbeb, tkmfpd hm fmhkikùe hm 7> fkeutds me cb bv. ^bebfmrkibeb Edrtm grmetm b cb FHYF^, skmehd ue pmrkdhd prmdiupbetm qum `memrb idesmiumeikbs b cds pdjcbhdrms bcmhbòds hm cb zdeb, sm hmjm dptbr pdr bpckibr cbs bctmrebtkvbs hm fktk`bikùe b mstm prdjcmfb qum vkmem sugrkmehd mc HYF^. Bsæ fksfd sm pumhm djsmrvbr obstb cb bitubckhbh mc ekvmc hm rukhd sdcd ob hksfkeukhd metrm 7 b 7.2 (hJ).

:>

Xbjcb 8< Kegcumeikb hm ekvmcms hm rukhd fâs bctds prdhuikhds pdr gumetms vmokiucbrms pmrkdhd tbrhm

But drms dr ms

Hmsirkpikùe

Odrbs puetbs sm`üe pmrkdhd Xbrhm/

Xkmfpd hm

Gmiob

hm

(ujkibikùe,

ekvmcms hm prmskùe sdedr b (hJB)

fmhkikùe

fmhkikùe

?9.7

:> fke.

:8/2>/:>2?

0;.2

:> fke.

:9/2>/:>2?

00.9

2> fke.

T

hkrmiikùe, Odrb

rmgmrmeikb)

(C Fke y

C Mq

C

Fbx) Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru

9?

-

pf

Bv.

Fmrked

Zmyeb

78.; -

2>0

92; Bv. Iokfpu Diccd

8

-

pf

Bv.

Xüpbi

Bfbru

7:.8 -

;0.?

8 pf

Hmirmtd

hm

Bcibchæb E¾ 2> -

Bv. Xdfâs Wbccm -

T

Xüpbi Bfbru

7:.9 ;9.=

:>20/FHYF^ Gumetm< Mcbjdrbikùe prdpkb me jbsm b rmvkskùe jkjckd`râgkib

:2

Me cb tbjcb 82;) djtuvd idfd rmsuctbhd mc ekvmc fâs bctd hm prmskùe sdedrb mqukvbcmetm CMR ?9.7 (hJ) me odrbs puetbs me pmrkdhd tbrhm 9? pf b 9 fkeutds me cb bv. Xüpbi Bfbru -Bv. Fmrked Zmyeb, hm cb fksfb gdrfb skmehd ue pmrkdhd prmdiupbetm ide bctbs ideimetrbikdems hm rukhd, supmrbehd cds ekvmcms hm rukhd hm odrbs puetb hmc tured fbòbeb me >.7 (hJ). Mstkfbikùe hm cb zdeb ide fbydr rukhd y su idfpbrbikùe ide mc MIB ^brb hmtmrfkebr cb kegcumeikb hmc ekvmc fâs bctd hm prmskùe sdedrb vmokiucbr sm obim cb idfpbrbikùe y beâcksks hm rmsuctbhds hm hbtds meidetrbhds fmhkbetm cbs rmvkskdems jkjckd`râgkibs, sm`üe cbs mstbikdems hm fdektdrmd ideskhmrbhd pdr mc butdr Idbrktm (:>2;), bsæ fksfd pdr Hmirmtd hm bcibchæb E¾ 2> ’ :>20/FHYF^ (:>20) y tbfjkëe mc kegdrfm tëiekid ’ DMGB (:>2=), qum tdfbrde hkgmrmetms puetds hm mstbikùe hmc HYF^ me cb Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru me Ckfb. ^dr dtrd cbhd, sm mvbcuù sk

iufpcm d ed iufpcme ide cds pbrâfmtrds hmc MIB pbrb rukhd.

::

Xbjcb =< Idfpbrbikùe hm rmsuctbhds hm rukhd bfjkmetbc ide cds MIB hm rukhd, pmrkdhd fbòbeb

Butd Bu tdrms rms

Idbrktm, :>2;

Hmirmtd hm bcibch æb E¾ 2> :>20/FHYF^

Kegdrfm tëiekid DMGB, :>2=

Mstbikdems hm fmhkikùe hm rukhd bfjkmetbc/pmrkdhd Fbòbeb Ekvmcms hm \deb hm MIB hm Zukhd Gumetms Fùvkcms Bpckibikùe Zukhd (hJ) C Mq \deb hm Bv. Xupbi Bfbru ’ 00 prdtmiikùe =>hJ Bv. Fmrked Zmyeb mspmikbc

^bsb MIB hm rukhd Yk _

07.;

\deb hm prdtmiikùe mspmikbc

=>hJ

_

Bv. Mhubrhd hm Objkio - Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru

07.0

\deb hm prdtmiikùe mspmikbc

=>hJ

_

Bv. Fkùmc Âe`mc Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru

09.8

=>hJ

_

=>hJ

_

Bv. Iokfpu diccd Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru

^bebfmrkibeb edrtm grmetm b cb fuekikpbckhbh hkstrktbc hm Ybe Fbrtke hm ^drrms

\deb hm prdtmiikùe

Ed

mspmikbc ?9

\deb Idfmrikbc

Gumetm< Mcbjdrbikùe prdpkb me jbsm b rmvkskùe jkjckd`râgkib

:9

Me cb tbjcb =< Idfpbrbikùe hm rmsuctbhds hm rukhd bfjkmetbc ide cds MIB hm rukhd, pmrkdhd fbòbeb, sm djsmrvù qum tbetd me cb zdeb idfmrikbc idfd cb zdeb hm prdtmiikùe mspmikbc sdjrmpbsbe cds 0> hJ y => hJ prdspmitkvbfmetm mstbjcmikhds idfd cæfktm fâxkfd me mc MIB hmc rukhd, skmehd cb zdeb ide fbydr rukhd me pbebfmrkibed edrtm grmetm b FHYF^, sm`üe kegdrfm tëiekid ’ DMGB (:>2=).

:8

Xbjcb 7< Idfpbrbikùe hm rmsuctbhds hmc rukhd bfjkmetbc ide cds MIB hmc rukhd, pmrkdhd tbrhm Mstbikdems hm fmhkikùe h m rukhd bfjkmetbc/pmrkdhd Xbrhm Gumetms fùvkcms Butdrms

Ekvmcms

\deb

hm

hm rukhd

bpckibikùe

?9.7

Fmrked Zmyeb Idbrktm, :>2;

Bv. Iokfpu Diccd - Bv.

Hmirmtd

hm

rukhd

MIB hm rukhd

\deb

Yk

0>hJ

_

0>hJ

_

0>hJ

_

0>hJ

_

mc

Ed

Idfmrikbc 0;.2

Xüpbi Bfbru Bv. Xdfâs Wbccm - Xüpbi

Ydjrmpbsb

(hJ)

C Mq Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru - Bv.

MIB hm

\deb idfmrikbc

00.9

Bfbru

\deb Idfmrikbc

Bcibchæb E¾ 2> :>20/FHYF^ Kegdrfm tëiekid -

^bebfmrkibeb edrtm grmetm

DMGB, :>2=

b cb Fuekikpbckhbh hkstrktbc

?9

\deb Idfmrikbc

hm Ybe Fbrtæe hm ^drrms

Gumetm< Mcbjdrbikùe prdpkb me jbsm b rmvkskùe jkjckd`râgkib

:=

Me cb tbjcb 7 (hJ) mstbjcmikhds idfd cæfktm fâxkfd me mc MIB hmc rukhd. Bhmfâs, sm bprmikb qum cb zdeb ide fbydr rukhd ms cb Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru - Bv. Fmrked Zmyeb, djtmekhd pdr mc butdr Idbrktm (:>2;). Bsæ fksfd sm ob idfpbrbhd cds rmsuctbhds hmc bòd :>2= bc :>2; pdhmfds vmr qum oby ueb hkgmrmeikb hm >,7 (hJ) fbydr me mc bòd :>2; mstd skèkgkib qum ed ob rmhuikhd cds ekvmcms hm idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr, ob bufmetbhd me >,7 (hJ) me hkiod bòd.

:7

^rd`rbfb hm vk`kcbeikb y Fdektdrmd hm idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr

Khmetkgkibikùe hm zdebs hm idetbfkebikùe Ydedrb bctb

Bctmrebtkvb hm sdcuikùe pbrb rmhuikr cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr me cb Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru hmc HYF^, Ckfb

Obimr iufpckr mc Hmirmtd Yuprmfd E¼ >?=- :>>9 - FXI

Fbpbs hmc rukhd Kfpcmfmetbr hkspdsktkvds hm idetrdc biüstkid pbetbccbs vm mtbcms

Gkùrb :2;), me idfpbrbikùe ide mc Kegdrfm tëiekid ’ DMGB (:>2=), hdehm sm djtuvd ue ekvmc rukhd hm ?9 (hJ) ( hJ) vbcdrms fuy imribeds ide hkgmrmeikb hm cds bòds. ^dr dtrd cbhd, sm hmtmrfkeù qum cb mstbikùe hm fdektdrmd ide fâs bctd ekvmc hm idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr gum cb Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru m ketmrsmiikùe ide Bv. Fmrked Zmyeb, ide 00 CMR djtmekhd pdr mc butdr Idbrktm (:>2;), puetd hdehm sm tkmem qum bpckibr mstrbtm`kbs hm fktk`bikùe. Bc rmvksbr cds rmsuctbhds, bebckzbfds pdr cds ekvmcms hm rukhd me cb Bv.

Mhubrhd hm Objkio - Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru, sm mvkhmeikd qum mc CMR hkd idfd prdfmhkd 07.0 me odrbs puetbs hmc odrbrkd fbòbeb skmehd ueb zdeb hm prdtmiikùe mspmikbc sm`üe mc MIB hmc pbrb rukhd hmtmrfkeb qum cbs zdebs hm prdtmiikùe mspmikbc me mc Odrbrkd Hkured (02 B ::>) ms obstb => hJ y me mc Odrbrkd Editured (::2 B 0>) ms obstb 8> hJ. Bc idfpbrbr cds rmsuctbhds ide mc MIB hmc rukhd djsmrvbfds qum mc prdfmhkd hm cb Bv. Mhubrhd hm Objkio - Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru sm pbsb hm CMR dibskdebehd hmsideimetrbikùe b cds mstuhkbetms hm cb uekvmrskhbh hm Ke`mekmræb, bibhmfkbs y idcm`kds bcmhbòds. ^dr dtrd cbhd, mc kegdrfm tëiekid hm DMGB, :>2= eds hb b idedimr qum cb prmskùe sdedrb mqukvbcmetm CMR ms hm ?9 me cb Bvmekhb ^bebfmrkibeb Edrtm grmetm b cb FHYF^, sm`üe mc MIB-Zukhd ms ueb zdeb Idfmrikbc qum ed hmjm pbsbr hm cds 0> hJ me mc odrbrkd hkured y odrbrkd editured ms hm 7> hJ, idfd djsmrvbfds cb CMR ob sdjrmpbsbhd cds hmikjmcms hmc MIB hmc rukhd mstd pumhm pmrluhkibr b cb pdjcbikùe bcmhbòb y b cb pdjcbikùe qum trbesiurrme me bqumccbs bvmekhbs.

:?

KW.

IDEIC]YKDEMY

2.

Mc ekvmc hm rukhd bfjkmetbc qum `memrb mc trâgkid vmokiucbr me cb Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru ms prmdiupbetm pdr cd qum cb FHYF^ ’ Ckfb, tkmem qum bpckibr cbs mstrbtm`kbs hm fktk`bikùe, cbs butdrkhbhms idfpmtmetms hmjme rmhuikr d hbr sdcuikùe b mstm tkpd hm prdjcmfb qum btmetb idetrb cb sbcuh hm cbs pmrsdebs.

:.

Cds vbcdrms hm cds CMR prmsmetbrde mc vbcdr fâs jbld me odrbs puetbs sm`üe mc pmrkdhd fbòbeb hm 00 hJ, fkmetrbs qum mc odrbrkd hm odrbs puetbs sm`üe mc pmrkdhd tbrhm sm rm`kstrù mc fâs bctd prdfmhkd mqukvbcmetm (CMR) hm ?9.7 hJ skmehd ueb zdeb idfmrikbc, djtmekhd pdr mc butdr Idbrktm (:>2;), cd qum skèkgkib qum me mc bòd :>2; ob keirmfmetbhd mc ekvmc hm idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr.

9.

Cds vbcdrms hm cds CMR prmsmetbrde mc vbcdr fâs bctd me odrbs puetbs sm`üe mc pmrkdhd fbòbeb 07.0 me cb Bv. Mhubrhd hm Objkio - Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru

skmehd ueb zdeb hm prdtmiikùe mspmikbc. Bhmfâs, cds CMR me tdhds cds puetds hm fdektdrmd supmrbe mc vbcdr hm => hJ idrrmspdehkmetm bc Zm`cbfmetd hm cds Mstâehbrms Ebikdebcms hm Ibckhbh Bfjkmetbc pbrb mc Zukhd.

:;

W.

ZMIDFMEHBIKDEMY

2.

Ym rmidfkmehb rmbckzbr kevmstk`bikdems mxpmrkfmetbcms hm tdhb cb Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru yb qum sùcd meidetrbfds kegdrfbikùe hm bcùeds puetds hm fdektdrmd hm mstb bvmekhb y `memrbr fbydr idedikfkmetd sdjrm cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr hm hkiob bvmekhb hmc Hkstrktd hm Ybe Fbrtæe hm ^drrms ’ Ckfb.

:.

Zmbckzbr mstuhkds pbrb hmtmrfkebr sk mxkstm cb prdjbjkckhbh hm puetds hm fdektdrmd ide fbydr ekvmc hm idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr hm cb Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru hmc Hkstrktd hm Ybe Fbrtæe hm ^drrms ’ Ckfb.

9.

Bc bebckzbr ue ârmb pmrturjbhb pdr idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr b trbvës hm rmvkskùe jkjckd`râgkib y objmr khmetkgkibhd cb mstbikùe hm fdektdrmd hm fâs bctd ekvmc hm rukhd, sm rmidfkmehb qum cb butdrkhbh idfpmtmetm tkmem qum hbr prkdrkhbh b mstm prdjcmfb prmsmetm yb qum sm puhd djsmrvbr qum

bitubcfmetm qum me mc bòd :>2; mc ekvmc hm idetbfkebikùe sdedrb mstâ me bufmetd. 8.

Zmbckzbr mstuhkds idfpbrbtkvds hm idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr hm cds üctkfds ikeid bòds pbrb khmetkgkibr iuâc ob skhd cb fmldr bctmrebtkvb hm fktk`bikùe, sk ms qum cb metkhbh idfpmtmetm cd`rù rmhuikr d hbr sdcuikùe b mstm prdjcmfb prmsmetm pdr idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr hm cb Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru hmc hkstrktd hm Ybe Fbrtæe hm ^drrms ’ Ckfb.

=.

Ym rmidfkmehb b cbs butdrkhbhms b sdckiktbr mstuhkbetms, jbiokccmrms hm cb ibrrmrb hm Ke`mekmræb Bfjkmetbc pbrb ideikmetkzbr b cds idehuitdrms sdjrm cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb, ibusbs y idesmiumeikbs qum prdhuim hkiod prdjcmfb prmsmetm me cb Bv. Mhubrhd hm Objktio - Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru skmehd ueb zdeb mspmikbc me mc hkstrktd hm Ybe Fbrtæe hm ^drrms - Ckf Ckfb. b.

9>

ZMGMZMEIKBY

@DE\ÂCM\, Bcjmrtd Zbfærmz1 Ibccm, Mgrbæe Betdekd Hdfæeùmz. Idetbfkebikùe biüstkib hm drk`me vmokiucbr me cb cdibckhbh hm Iobpkemrd (Jd`dtâ, Idcdfjkb). @mstkùe

y

Bfjkmetm,

:>2=,

vdc.

2?,

ed

2,

p.

20-:?.

ottps2.phg ;0?:>>2.phg   IDBZKXM Iodqumoubeib, Mgrbæe. Idetbfkebikùe biüstkib pdr trâesktd vmokiucbr me cb bvmekhb Xüpbi Bfbru (trbfd, Lr. ^bikgkid ’Bv. Mc ^bibybc), hkstrktd hm Ibrbjbyccd, ottp2;. :>2;. ottp?=-:>>9-ÎF Zm`cbfmetd hm Mstâehbrms hm Ibckhbh Bfjkmetbc pbrb Zukhd rmbckzbhd me cb prdvkeikb

hm

Lbëe,

hmpbrtbfmetd

hm

Iblbfbrib,

:>27.

:>20.

ottp/jkt ottp/jktstrmbf/obeh strmbf/obehcm/]^M]/089/I cm/]^M]/089/IketkbTXmsksTjbi ketkbTXmsksTjbi okccmrT:>20.phg4smqumeim69&ksBccdwmh6y   okccmrT:>20.phg4smqumeim69&ksBccdwmh6y

IBXXBEMD, Fbrkimc, mt bc. Mstuhkd hm cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb me cb ikuhbh hm Jumeds Bkrms. Zmiupmrbhd mc, :>>?, vdc. 2>. ottps90>ottp?:>22>>>:>>>>9&sirkpt6 9;>?:>22>>>:>> >>9&sirkpt6sikTbrttmxt&tce` sikTbrttmxt&tce`6pt 6pt   @BZZK@]MY, Ldsë W.1 @briæb, Bfbehd. Beâcksks mstbhæstkid hm cds ekvmcms hm idetbfkebikùe sdedrb fmhkhds me hkgmrmetms zdebs urjbebs b cd cbr`d hm cbs :8

odrbs hmc hæb. Zmvkstb hm Biüstkib, 2;;0, vdc. 2;, ed 2. ottpsr2?8.ph T89=>sr2?8.phg g

IDZHMZD, \dkcb Zdsb Wbr`bs. Cb kevmstk`bikùe bpckibhb< ueb gdrfb hm idedimr cbs rmbckhbhms ide mvkhmeikb ikmetægkib. Zmvkstb mhuibikùe, :>>;, vdc. 99, ed 2, p. ottps/88> hg/88>/88>2=>?:>2>.phg 2=>?:>2>.phg   2==-27=.  ottps2>). Fmtdhdcd`æb hm cb Kevmstk`bikùe Ikmetægkib (Ruketb Mhkikùe mh.). Mhktdrkbc< Fi. @rbw Okcc. ottps; pkrms627>;90=>;>&Ykèbtur >&Ykèbtur m6`YszwaiqL=e>2a?r:9yc@^J`@Wh\LP?7 aiqL=e>2a?r:9y c@^J`@Wh\LP?7>tv>qBlp~:t >tv>qBlp~:tlBhZX_x7J_X9\tHBaJ lBhZX_x7J_X9\tHBaJWv7:C=mRb Wv7:C=mRb ZC~RXH=FbB9OHhB^9fXWG2zoH9P ZC~RXH=FbB9OHhB ^9fXWG2zoH9P9[d?p]A:~AD 9[d?p]A:~ADfYiwE\PwPJ`zx fYiwE\PwPJ`zx=P[P =P[P t-kkXdFRyoC~td8Hm[H@A0y_aFcyBMOr`2 t-kkXdFRyoC~td8Hm [H@A0y_aFcyBMOr`2@GrGbK>L;oRgC @GrGbK>L;oRgC:mmXAhf_h=0l:mmXAhf_h=0l-

9:

ptXqodIzx8fv8~sv`qRfBiEWtzJB yR2azeO7pD_qOwezCòPjt ezCòPjtwJwz~MyyWd:k wJwz~MyyWd:k ptXqodIzx8fv8~sv`qRfBiEWtzJByR2azeO7pD_qOw _qMv~yKA~swsrPKph90eYv9x _qMv~yKA~sw srPKph90eYv9xOcxchYtqECpcdht OcxchYtqECpcdhtE~j]vYP@WP E~j]vYP@WP9?=y~RdviZo[?xyk 9?=y~RdviZo[?xyk h`v77Jvk9ey7gRJjuBZut\`g2H h`v77Jvk9ey7gRJ juBZut\`g2HliRTT&Amy-^bkr-Kh6BÂBL liRTT&Amy-^bkr-Kh6BÂBLCDOG=@@YCZJW8\B CDOG=@@YCZJW8\B   BZKBY-@ùfmz, Lmsüs1 Wkccbsæs-Ammvmr, Fkùmc Âe`mc1 Edvbcms, Fbræb @ubhbcupm Fkrbehb. Mc prdtdidcd hm kevmstk`bikùe KKK< cb pdjcbikùe hm mstuhkd. Zmvkstb Bcmr`kb Fëxkid,

:>27,

vdc.

79,

ed

:,

p.

:>2-:>7.

ottps22.phg =>:9>22.phg

BZ@KJB[, Lube I. Fumstrb me kevmstk`bikùe iubetktbtkvb. :>>;. ottp>>/ trmbf/8?>>>/2:?9?/2/MI]B 2:?9?/2/MI]BIM-:>2?-IB-HM>>?=;.phg IM-:>2?-IB-HM>>?=;.phg   IBZJD, ^mhrd. Mvbcubikùe Hm Cds Ekvmcms Hm ^rmskùe Ydedrb Me Cb Bvmekhb Eumvm Hm Ditujrm Hmc Ibetùe. :>2;. Xmsks Hditdrbc. ]ekvmrskhbh B`rbrkb Hmc MI]BHDZ. ottpsWMCB @]MZDB%:>WMCBYID%:>YOBZDE% YID%:>YOBZDE%:> :> ottps20.

ottp7T=.phg4smqumeim 62   62 F]EKIK^BCKHBH HM YBE FBZXÆE HM ^DZZMY, Hmirmtd hm Bcibchæb E¾ 2> :>20/FHYF^.:>20 ottps20fhsfp-2=>022?-2/   :>20fhsfp-2=>022?-2/

99

HM CB IZ]\, Mucd`kd Ybetds. Idetbfkebikùe sdedrb pdr rukhd vmokiucbr me cb Bvmekhb Lbvkmr ^rbhd. Kehustrkbc hbtb, :>>0, vdc. 2>, ed 2, p. 22-2=. ottps2 ottps2>9.phg >9.phg   GMZEÂEHM\, Ybehrb Kehkrb Wksb`b. Kegcumeikb hmc gculd hm trâgkid vmokiucbr me cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb hmc Imribhd hm Ckfb. Zmvkstb hm Kevmstk`bikù Kevmstk`bikùee ]ekvmrsktbrkb,

:>2=,

vdc.

8,

ed

2.

ottps90>-

9;>?:>22>>>:>> 9;>?:>22>>>:>>>>9&sirkpt6 >>9&sirkpt6sikTbrttmxt&tce` sikTbrttmxt&tce`6pt 6pt   FMEHD\B, Fbry Iruz Hmc`bhkccd1 IBZ^KD, Lbiasde Mh`brhd ^ërmz.

Mvbcubikùe hm idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr me mc imetrd hm cb ikuhbh hm Xbrbpdtd, Ybe Fbrtæe, :>2=. Zmvkstb hm Kevmstk`bikùe Ikmeikb, Xmiedcd`æb y Hmsbrrdccd,

:>20,

vdc.

9,

ed

:.

ottps>.2:0??/78

98

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Zbe`d hm (hJ) ekvmcms jblds > b 7> (hJ)

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Idetbfkebikùe Ydedrb

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7> b ;> (hJ)

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puetbs

Zbe`d hm (hJ) ekvmcms bctds ;> b 28> (hJ)

8pf

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Bemxd Be mxd :< Fbtrkz hm ideskstmeikb ^rdjcmfb

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Fëtdhd Fëtdhd hm bebcksks

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keirmfmetd hm

sdedrb vmokiucbr metrm cds bòds :>2= ’

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e

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idetbfkebikùe

:>2; me mc HYF^, Ckfb.

gumetms vmokiucbrms me mc

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Khmetkgkibr cbs odrbs puetbs hdehm sm `memrbe bctds ekvmcms hm rukhd pbrb bpckibr

Hksmòd< Ed mxpmrkfmetbc,

Fumstrb< Cds hmikjmcms

Fmhkhbs me mc HYF^, Ckfb.

trbesvmrsbc

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gumetms

Idetbfkebikde Khmetkgkibr cb mstbikùe hm fdektdrmd hdehm

sdedrb

sm `memrù fâs bctd ekvmc hm rukhd pdr idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr metrm cds :>2= ’ :>2; me cb Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru me mc HYF^, Ckfb. ^rdpdemr bctmrebtkvbs hm fktk`bikùe pbrb rmhuikr cb prdjcmfâtkib d sdcuikùe b cb idetbfkebikùe sdedrb vmokiucbr me cb Bv. Xüpbi Bfbru hmc HYF^, Ckfb. Gumetm< Mcbjdrbikde prdpkb

Bemxd Be mxd 9< Fbpb hm cb zdeb kevmstk`bhb

vmokiucbrms me mc HYF^

Gumetm< Mcbjdrbikùe ^rdpkb

Bemxd Be mxd 8< Wbcdrms hm cds Mstâehbrms Ebikdebcms hm Ibckhbh Bfjkmetbc hm Zukhd

Wbcdrms mxprmsbhds me CBmqX \debs hm Bpckibikùe

\deb hm prdtmiikùe mspmikbc \deb rmskhmeikbc \deb idfmrikbc \deb kehustrkbc

ODZBZKD HK]ZED (>02 B ::>) =>hJ 7>hJ 0>hJ ?>hJ

ODZBZKD EDIX]ZED (::2 B 0>) 8>hJ =>hJ 7>hJ 0>hJ

Gumetm< Hmirmtd Yuprmfd E¼ >?=-:>>9-ÎF - rm`cbfmetd hm cds mstâehbrms ebikdebcms hm Ibckhbh bfjkmetbc pbrb rukhd.

B Ayala SA-Peña HHA-SD

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