AWWA M17-2006 Fire Hydrants.pdf

Installation, Field Testing, and Maintenance of Fire Hydrants

AWWA MANUAL M17 Fourth Edition

Science and Technology AWWA unites the entire water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technological knowledge. Through its members, AWWA develops industry standards for products and processes that advance public health and safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater utilities.

MANUAL OF WATER SUPPLY PRACTICES—M17, Fourth Edition

Installation, Field Testing, and Maintenance of Fire Hydrants Copyright © 1970, 1980, 1989, 2006 American Water Works Association All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Disclaimer The authors, contributors, editors, and publisher do not assume responsibility for the validity of the content or any consequences of their use. In no event will AWWA be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use of information presented in this book. In particular, AWWA will not be responsible for any costs, including, but not limited to, those incurred as a result of lost revenue. In no event shall AWWA’s liability exceed the amount paid for the purchase of this book. Project Manager/Technical Editor: Melissa Christensen Production: Claro Systems Manuals Coordinator: Beth Behner

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Installation, field testing, and maintenance of fire hydrants.-- 4th ed. p. cm. -- (AWWA manual ; M17) "Prepared by the AWWA Standards Committee on Fire Hydrants"--Foreword. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58321-414-3 1. Hydrants. I. AWWA Standards Committee on Fire Hydrants. II. Series. TD491 .A49 no. M17 2006 [TH9365] 628.1 s--dc22 [628.9'252] 2005058191 Printed in the United States of America American Water Works Association 6666 West Quincy Avenue Denver, CO 80235 ISBN 1-58321-414-3

Printed on recycled paper

Contents Figures, v Tables, vii Foreword, ix Acknowledgments, xi Chapter 1

A Brief History of Fire Hydrants

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Chapter 2 Dry-Barrel Hydrants: Definitions and Preferred Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Chapter 4 Inspection, Installation, Testing, and Placing the Hydrant in Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Origins, 1 Iron Pipe and Permanent Access Points, 2 Development of Dry-Barrel Hydrants, 2 Recent Developments, 4

Types of Dry-Barrel Hydrants, 5 Special Hydrants, 7 Construction Terms for Dry-Barrel Hydrants, 10 Installation Terms for Dry-Barrel Hydrants, 10 Preferred Nomenclature for Dry-Barrel Hydrant Components, 11 Auxiliary Components for Dry-Barrel Hydrants, 16 Miscellaneous and Obsolete Hydrant Terms, 16 Chapter 3 Wet-Barrel Hydrants: Definitions and Preferred Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Wet-Barrel Hydrants, 17 Construction Terms for Wet-Barrel Hydrants, 17 Installation Terms for Wet-Barrel Hydrants, 18 Preferred Nomenclature for Wet-Barrel Hydrant Components, 18 Miscellaneous and Obsolete Hydrant Terms, 20

Inspection Prior to Installation, 21 Installation, 22 Testing, 27 Placing the Hydrant in Service, 28 Chapter 5

Maintenance

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Uses of Hydrants, 29 Special-Use Concerns, 29 Inspection, 30 Lubrication, 33 Repairs, 33 Record Keeping, 35

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Chapter 6

Flow Tests

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41

Appendix A Illustrated Guide to Dry-Barrel and Wet-Barrel Hydrant Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Terms Used in Flow Testing, 41 Personnel and Equipment for Flow Tests, 42 Office Planning Prior to Field Testing, 43 Field Procedure for Flow Tests, 44 Cautions to Be Observed When Field Testing, 45 Dechlorination Regulations, 45 Warning About Rigid Diverters, 46 Determining Available Flow, 46

Bibliography, 118 Index, 119 AWWA Manuals, 123

iv

Figures 1

Figure 1–1

Fire-plug arrangement with canvas cistern, 3

1

Figure 1–2

Ball hydrant, patented about 1849, 3

1

Figure 1–3

Standpipe inserted directly into main socket, 3

1

Figure 1–4

Sluice-valve-type hydrant with two outlets, 3

2–1

Compression-type hydrant, opens against pressure, 6

2–2

Compression-type hydrant, opens with pressure, 7

2–3

Toggle hydrant, 8

2–4

Slide-gate hydrant, 9

2–5A

Composite dry-barrel hydrant–upper barrel: compression packing gland type, opens against pressure, 12

2–5B

Composite dry-barrel hydrant–upper barrel; compression O-ring seal type, opens with pressure, 13

3–1

Composite wet-barrel hydrants, 19

4–1

Typical dry-barrel hydrant, 23

4–2

Typical wet-barrel hydrant installation, 24

4–3

Examples of hydrant restraints, 25

5–1

Master record, 36

5–2

Hydrant maintenance report, 37

5–3

Hydrant inspection report, 38

5–4

Flow test report, 39

5–5

Hydrant test, 40

6–1

Pitot tube in position for flow reading, 42

6–2

Suggested flow-test locations, 43

6–3

Outlet nozzle coefficients, 44

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Tables 4–1

Color scheme to indicate flow capacity, 27

6–1

Discharge for circular outlets, 21⁄4-in. through 211⁄16-in. with outlet-nozzle coefficient 0.90, 47

6–2

Discharge for circular outlets, 41⁄4-in. through 411⁄16-in. with outlet-nozzle coefficient 0.90, 49

6–3

Equation and table for computing fire flow test results, 52

6–4

Table for pumper outlet coefficients, 53

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Foreword

This manual was prepared by the AWWA Standards Committee on Fire Hydrants. It is intended for use by persons responsible for the installation, operation, and maintenance of dry-barrel and wet-barrel fire hydrants. It is the fourth revision of the original manual, which was published in 1970. The diversity of hydrants and the detailed maintenance procedures recommended by specific manufacturers make it difficult to develop a text that is both comprehensive and concise. Therefore, this manual is intended for use as a supplement to detailed information available from specific hydrant manufacturers. It is the judgment of the committee that the major purpose and function of a fire hydrant is public fire protection. Usually, the hydrant is the property or responsibility of the water utility. However, during fire emergencies the hydrant is operated by members of a fire department rather than by water utility personnel. The use of a fire hydrant as a source of water for street cleaning, construction projects, or for any purpose other than fire fighting is outside the primary purpose for which a hydrant is installed. Such uses should be rigidly restricted and controlled in the interest of keeping the fire hydrant in good working order for fire fighting. The water utility, unless expressly relieved of its responsibility by the fire department in accordance with a written agreement, public ordinance, or other ownership, should schedule regular and sufficiently frequent inspections of hydrants to ensure they are in good working condition. Additional AWWA publications on hydrants include ANSI/AWWA C502, Standard for Dry-Barrel Fire Hydrants, and ANSI/AWWA C503, Standard for WetBarrel Fire Hydrants. The bulk of the material in this manual refers to hydrants claimed by the respective manufacturers to be manufactured in accordance with ANSI/AWWA C502 and ANSI/AWWA C503; however, information is also included on hydrants that are not intended to comply with these standards, such as highpressure and flush-type hydrants. Installation practices described are consistent with ANSI/AWWA C600, Installation of Ductile-Iron Water Mains and Their Appurtenances.

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Acknowledgments

This manual was reviewed and approved by the AWWA Standards Committee on Fire Hydrants. Members of that committee, at the time of approval, were as follows: Nelson O. Mejia, Chairman Larry R. Dunn, Secretary General Interest Members E.E. Arasmith, Arasmith Consulting Resource, Albany, Ore. G.E. Laverick, Underwriters Laboratory, Northbrook, Ill. P.I. McGrath Jr., Birmingham, Ala. Blake Shugarman,* Underwriters Laboratory, Northbrook, Ill. E.F. Straw, Insurance Services Office Inc., Duluth, Ga. J.M. Stubbart,† Standards Liaison, American Water Works Association, Denver, Colo. M.P. Yoke, Anniston, Ala. Stanley Ziobro, FM Approvals, W. Glocester, R.I. Producer Members Jerry Bottenfield, Clow Valve Company, Oskaloosa, Iowa L.R. Dunn, US Pipe & Foundry Company, Birmingham, Ala. L.W. Fleury Jr., Mueller Group, Smithfield, R.I. T.R. Ingalls,* East Jordan Iron Works Inc., East Jordan, Mich. R.L. Larkin, American Flow Control, Birmingham, Ala. Randy Looney, American AVK Company, Fresno, Calif. J.H. Wilber P.E.,* American AVK, Littleton, Colo. K.J. Wright, East Jordan Iron Works, East Jordan, Mich. User Members S.K. Batra, City of Detroit, Water & Sewerage Department, Detroit, Mich. Eddie Hernandez, Denver Water, Denver, Colo. N.O. Mejia, Los Angeles Department of Water & Power, Los Angeles, Calif. D.J. Seargeant, Epcor Water Services Inc., Edmonton, Alta. S.D. Osborne, Haley & Ward Inc., Waltham, Mass. L.G. Thomas, East Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland, Calif. The AWWA Standards Committee on Fire Hydrants gratefully acknowledges the contributions made by members of the M17 Subcommittee in preparing this manual. The committee’s efforts in developing this manual answer the need in the industry for expanded information on fire hydrants.

*Alternate †Liaison, nonvoting

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AWWA MANUAL

Chapter

M17

1 A Brief History of Fire Hydrants This chapter is based, in part, on an article that appeared in the September 1944 Journal AWWA (36:9:928). The drawings in this chapter are also taken from that article.

ORIGINS _________________________________________________ Before there were water distribution systems, water for fighting fires was available only from natural sources, such as rivers, lakes, and ponds, or from cisterns or barrels filled with water. The first large water distribution systems were built during the seventeenth century in cities such as London and Boston. Over the course of many years, as the needs of growing populations became more sophisticated and complex, distribution systems were improved. Pipe materials improved, portable standpipes and valves were incorporated, and eventually, the forerunners of modern fire hydrants were used. London’s first water distribution system was built sometime in the early seventeenth century. In the United States, several water systems were built before or about the time of the American Revolution. Boston’s water system was built around 1652, and others were built in the latter part of the eighteenth century. The earliest water mains were made by boring out logs; the mains were then buried. When water was needed for fighting fires, a hole was dug to expose the pipe, and a hole was bored into the pipe wall. Water collected around the pipe and was conducted by buckets or through a hose directly to the fire or to a pump. After use, the hole in the pipe was plugged with a tapered piece of wood—hence the term fire plug, which has persisted to this day. The location of the pipe hole was marked so that if it was needed again, it could be found and removed quickly.

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FIRE HYDRANTS

IRON PIPE AND PERMANENT ACCESS POINTS ______________ When cast-iron pipe replaced bored logs as water mains in the early part of the nineteenth century, it became impractical to bore random holes in pipes to gain access to water. Instead, fittings with openings, or tees, were installed at intervals along the pipe. Wooden plugs were still used to close the openings, but fire fighters no longer had to dig to find them. An iron shield with a removable cover that extended from the tee to the ground’s surface provided ready access to the plug. At first, portable canvas tanks or cisterns were commonly used to collect the water that spewed out when a plug was removed (Figure 1-1). Soon, however, portable standpipes came into use. After removing the plug, one end of the standpipe was inserted into the tee; a hose connected to the other end of the standpipe carried water to the pump. Further development of this system in England resulted in a ball hydrant, in which a ball in an iron chamber was attached to the water-main opening (Figure 1-2). Water pressure held the ball against a seat; after the portable standpipe had been attached, a rod could be used to force the ball down and open the valve. Later, this hydrant was modified by replacing the ball with a spring-loaded valve element, which would remain closed even if water pressure was negligible. These hydrant designs were the forerunners of the most popular hydrant in North America today: the dry-barrel compression hydrant. With the early style, a portable standpipe was transported to the fire scene and attached to an accessible main connection below the street surface (Figure 1-3). Early dry-barrel compression hydrants were also commonly used in England and certain other countries. Permanent connections in iron pipe led to other developments as well. One such development consisted of a valve installed belowground, usually in a horizontal branch of the water main. A rod for actuating the valve extended to just below the ground surface, where it was accessible, and an elbow could be attached to the valve outlet. In one version, the elbow terminated in a connection to which a portable standpipe could be attached; in another, it terminated in a hose connection to permit direct hookup of the hose.

DEVELOPMENT OF DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS _________________ In North America, the use of plug-type hydrants and early modifications proved troublesome because of the freezing temperatures to which they were exposed in northern cities. To protect the hydrants from freezing temperatures, but still provide easy access, the mains were buried relatively deeply with a pipe extending to the ground surface. This allowed the valve to remain below the frost line but still provided an easy hose connection. To eliminate the need to empty water remaining in the standpipe after use, a drain hole was provided in the standpipe just above the valve. The drain hole was usually controlled by a valve that could be closed when the main valve was opened and vice versa (Figure 1-4). Two types of dry-barrel hydrants were used during the mid-1800s: flush hydrants, which had the operating mechanism and hose connections in a pit with a cover plate; and post hydrants, which extended above grade. The post hydrant soon became predominant. There were two reasons for this. The obvious reason is that post hydrants were easier to find and to use, particularly in wintry, snowy climates. However, another reason may well have been more persuasive. In the early days, professional and volunteer fire-fighting brigades competed against each other. (Initially, insurance companies paid professional fire fighters to protect insured properties.) When a fire alarm sounded, one fireman from each group would race

HISTORY OF FIRE HYDRANTS

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Figure 1–1 Fire-plug arrangement with canvas cistern

Figure 1–2 Ball hydrant, patented about 1849

Figure 1–3 Standpipe inserted directly into main socket

Figure 1–4 Sluice-valve-type hydrant with two outlets

ahead of his company to secure a hydrant for his brigade to the exclusion of its rivals—and it was easier to sit on a post hydrant than to sprawl over the pit of a flush hydrant.

4

FIRE HYDRANTS

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS __________________________________ When buckets or hand pumps were used to carry water from a hydrant to a fire, hydrants did not need to be served by high pressure nor did they require very large valve openings. The volume of water available to fight a fire was limited by the capacity of the conveyance rather than the size of the valve opening. Because buckets and hand pumps could carry only limited amounts of water, hydrants with relatively small valve openings were usually more than adequate. When steam-driven pumps became available, the flows from older hydrants with small valve openings often proved inadequate, so hydrants with larger valve openings came into use. Initially, a 4-in. (10.2-cm) diameter valve opening was considered adequate, but eventually 5-in. (12.7-cm) and 6-in. (15.3-cm) sizes were developed. Today, the vast majority of hydrants are connected to the main by 6-in. (15.3-cm) pipe. Most main valves are 41/2 in. (11.4 cm) to 51/4 in. (13.3 cm) in diameter. Hydrants may include one or two outlets for connecting large-diameter hose plus one or two outlets for 21/2-in. (6.4-cm) or 3-in. (7.6-cm) hose. Dry-barrel hydrants currently produced are post hydrants and are usually furnished with drain valves that are automatically operated by the main-valve mechanism. The lower barrels of these hydrants are in direct contact with the ground. The most popular style of the dry-barrel hydrant is the traffic model, which has both a breakable barrel and operating rod parts located at the ground line. These components are designed to break on impact, thereby protecting the remainder of the hydrant from damage. The design permits quick and inexpensive repairs should the hydrant be struck by a vehicle. Also, after impact the hydrant is designed to automatically close, thereby preventing any leakage to pass the main valve seat. Because of their popularity, traffic-model hydrants have become the unofficial industry standard. Dry-barrel flush hydrants are generally used only in areas of vehicular traffic, such as parking lots and roadways, airport runways and taxiways. Where freezing temperatures are rare and never persistent, particularly in the coastal areas of California and Hawaii, wet-barrel hydrants are often used. The wetbarrel hydrant is designed so that the entire interior of the hydrant is pressurized at all times. It is equipped with one or more valved outlets above the ground to which hoses can be connected. Some designs have auxiliary valves that close if the hydrant is broken, thus preventing local flooding. Several designs of tamperproof hydrants have been developed in recent years. These have built-in or attached devices that discourage unauthorized use of the hydrant by requiring the use of special equipment for the removal of outlet caps or for operation of the valve-opening mechanism.

AWWA MANUAL

Chapter

M17

2 Dry-Barrel Hydrants: Definitions and Preferred Nomenclature A fire hydrant is a valving device connected to a water main. Fire hoses can be attached to outlet nozzles on the hydrant. The hydrant discharges water at a high rate, primarily for fighting fires.

TYPES OF DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS _________________________ Dry-barrel hydrants get their name from the fact that water is drained or pumped from the barrel when the hydrant is not in use. In a dry-barrel hydrant, a single main valve is located in the base of the hydrant adjacent to the inlet connection. In addition, the dry-barrel hydrant is equipped with an automatically operated drain valve. When the main valve is closed, the drain valve automatically opens, draining all water from the barrel of the hydrant. When the hydrant is opened, the drain valve automatically closes. The main valve is located below the normal frost line to protect the hydrant from freezing. This allows the dry-barrel hydrant to be used almost anywhere, but it is especially suited to areas where freezing temperatures occur. Three variations of dry-barrel hydrants include the following types.

Compression Type In this type of hydrant, the main valve moves reciprocally on a vertical axis against a seat located in the hydrant base. The valve moves against the seat to close and away from the seat to open. It is moved by a vertical stem; the stem moves up or down when the operating nut is rotated. The valve may be located below the seat and open against the pressure (Figure 2-1) or above the seat and open with the pressure (Figure 2-2).

5

6

FIRE HYDRANTS

Figure 2–1

Compression-type hydrant, opens against pressure

Toggle Type In this type of hydrant, the main valve moves reciprocally on a horizontal axis against or away from a vertical seat located in the base of the hydrant (Figure 2-3). The main valve is moved using a vertical stem that has left-hand and right-hand threads. Rotation of the stem causes the arms of the toggle mechanism to move the main valve. The valve moves away from the seat to open and against the seat to close. The main valve always opens with the pressure.

Slide-Gate Type In this type of hydrant, the main valve consists of a gate that moves vertically by means of a threaded stem. When the stem is rotated, it causes the internally threaded gate to move. The gate is forced against the valve seat by a wedging mechanism. The valve seat is installed in the base of the hydrant (Figure 2-4).

DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS

Figure 2–2

7

Compression-type hydrant, opens with pressure

SPECIAL HYDRANTS_______________________________________ Flush Hydrants Flush hydrants are designed and constructed for installation completely below the ground line. They are installed in pits, which are usually furnished with removable covers. They are intended for use in areas where post hydrants would interfere with vehicle or aircraft movement.

Frost-Jacket Hydrants Frost-jacket hydrants have a sheath, or frost jacket, attached to the base and surrounding the lower barrel, extending up to the ground line. In this type of hydrant, the barrel, nozzle section, and all other hydrant parts above the base can be removed as a single unit.

8

FIRE HYDRANTS

Figure 2–3

Toggle hydrant

High-Pressure Hydrants High-pressure hydrants are designed and constructed for working pressures above 150 psig (1,034 kPa [gauge]). These hydrants are not within the scope of ANSI/ AWWA C502 or ANSI/AWWA C503* but are produced by several hydrant manufacturers. One design of high-pressure hydrant is the high-pressure pilot-valve hydrant. Other high-pressure hydrants manufactured in the United States and Canada are similar to standard hydrants but are strengthened in materials and design.

*ANSI/AWWA C502, Dry-Barrel Fire Hydrants; ANSI/AWWA C503, Wet-Barrel Fire Hydrants.

DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS

Figure 2–4

9

Slide-gate hydrant

High-Pressure Pilot-Valve Hydrants These hydrants differ from other high-pressure hydrants in the design of the main valve. There is a small valve, or pilot valve, in the center of the main valve. The pilot valve opens before and in tandem with the main valve, equalizing pressure on both sides of the main valve with a controlled volume of water. This reduces operating torque in high-pressure applications, which makes the main valve easier to open. The pilot valve also greatly reduces the potential of hydrant vibration or chatter.

10

FIRE HYDRANTS

CONSTRUCTION TERMS FOR DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS ________ Direction to open: The direction in which the operating nut is rotated to open the hydrant: open left is counterclockwise when viewed from above, while open right is clockwise. Dry-top: A compression-type hydrant in which the operating mechanism at the top of the hydrant is sealed from the barrel so that water does not come into contact with the mechanism during hydrant use. Frost jacket or protection cover: A sheath that surrounds the barrel and extends from the bottom of the hydrant to the ground line. It is not used in hydrants currently produced. Hose connection: An outlet to which 3-in. (7.6-cm) or smaller hose can be connected. Hose gate: A gate valve attached to the hydrant outlet (see item 16, Sec. Preferred Nomenclature for Dry-Barrel Hydrant Components.). The attachment may be permanent or temporary. NOTE: Only gate valves that require several turns of the operating handle to open or close should be used as hose gates. Main-valve opening: The inside diameter of the valve seat ring. Also referred to as the valve opening. No-drain hydrant: A dry-barrel hydrant that is not equipped with a drain valve, or one in which the drain outlets have been plugged. Such hydrants are generally used where the groundwater level may be above the level of the drain outlets to protect against water freezing. No-drain hydrants must be pumped out or otherwise emptied of water after each use. Pipe connection: The inlet of the hydrant at which connection is made to the hydrant lead. Post hydrant: Any hydrant that extends above the ground line, with the pumper or hose connection above the ground line. (All hydrants are post hydrants, except flush hydrants. See flush hydrants in Sec. Types of Dry-Barrel Hydrants.) Pumper connection: An outlet to which a hose 31/2 in. (8.9 cm) or larger can be connected. Traffic model: A hydrant designed and constructed so that, if it is struck by a vehicle, certain easily replaceable components will break and allow the upper portion (above the ground line) to become detached from the lower portion (below the ground line). The belowground section will remain intact and undamaged. They are designed so that the main valve remains closed after impact to prevent interruption of the water supply and minimize injury to persons and property. Wet top: A compression-type hydrant in which the operating mechanism at the top of the hydrant is not sealed from the water when the hydrant is opened.

INSTALLATION TERMS FOR DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS _________ Auxiliary valve: A gate valve or other type of valve that is installed in the pipe that connects the hydrant to the water main (that is, the hydrant lead). The auxiliary valve can be closed to isolate the hydrant. It is also called the hydrant gate or hydrant control valve. Bury: The nominal vertical distance between the ground line and the bottom of the pipe connected to the hydrant inlet, measured to the nearest 6-in. (15.2-cm) increment.

DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS

11

Cover: The nominal vertical distance between the ground line and the top of the pipe connected to the hydrant inlet, measured to the nearest 6-in. (15.2-cm) increment. (Use of this measurement is discouraged in favor of bury.) Ground line: The nominal elevation to which the hydrant barrel is buried during installation. Hydrant gate: See auxiliary valve. Hydrant lead: The pipe connecting the hydrant to the water main. The hydrant lead is also called the branch or lateral. Trench: See bury.

PREFERRED NOMENCLATURE FOR DRY-BARREL HYDRANT COMPONENTS __________________________________ The preferred nomenclature for dry-barrel hydrant components was determined by the manufacturers’ representatives on the AWWA Standards Committee on Fire Hydrants. This preferred nomenclature was developed to clarify the names of hydrant components for hydrant users. Figures 2-1 through 2-5 indicate the preferred nomenclature for several types of dry-barrel hydrants.* It should be noted that these figures are composites and do not represent a particular manufacturer’s product. The following list gives the preferred name for each part and a brief description of each part. Components are listed in numerical order by reference number. Because of differences in each hydrant brand, not all components are identical or comparable by term. Some hydrants contain components that are unique to that hydrant. Therefore, some hydrants have components for which there is no preferred term.

•

Operating nut. An external hydrant part that is turned by a hydrant wrench to rotate the stem nut or stem; it may be integral with the stem nut or stem.

•

Weather shield. A part that forms a skirt above and surrounding the opening in the hydrant top through which the stem, stem nut, or operating nut protrudes. It may be integral with the operating nut. Also called weather cap.

•

Stem nut. A part that is internally threaded and engages with threads on the stem so that when the part is rotated, or when the stem is rotated and the stem nut is stationary, the stem is raised or lowered to move the valve. Also called operating nut, operating stem nut, revolving nut.

•

Stem. A part of the operating mechanism that extends down to the mainvalve assembly and moves the main valve to close or open the hydrant. The stem is often in two parts, particularly in a traffic model: the upper stem and the lower stem. Also called upper rod, lower rod.

*Of course, all hydrants do not include the same components. The diversity of components and the manufacturers’ various names for each component, can make for confusion. Appendix A consists of a series of drawings and parts lists for dry-barrel and wet-barrel hydrants produced by several manufacturers. Most parts indicated on each drawing are given the part number and name supplied by the manufacturer.

12

FIRE HYDRANTS

Figure 2–5A Composite dry-barrel hydrant–upper barrel: compression packing gland type, opens against pressure

DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS

13

Figure 2–5B Composite dry-barrel hydrant–upper barrel; compression O-ring seal type, opens with pressure

14

FIRE HYDRANTS

•

Stop nut. A part that is permanently threaded or otherwise attached to the stem and limits the vertical travel of the stem. Also called stem stop, travel-stop nut.

•

Stuffing box. A cylindrical cavity that surrounds the stem and contains a number of packing rings used to prevent leakage along the stem. The stuffing box may be an individual component or a portion of another component. Also called packing box.

•

Packing gland. A part that compresses packing rings in a stuffing box. Also called packing pusher.

•

Gland bushing. A part that is used to line a gland.

•

Packing plate. A part that partitions the interior of the hydrant and contains or supports a stuffing box or other means of sealing one compartment from another. Also called seal plate, support ring.

•

Bonnet. A part that attaches to the top of the nozzle section and encloses the support portions of the operating mechanism. It may be integral with the nozzle section. Also called hydrant cap, cover.

•

Nozzle section. A part that extends upward from the barrel and contains the outlet nozzles. It may be integral with the upper barrel. (When the nozzle section is integral with the upper barrel, the part may be referred to as the upper standpipe or upper barrel. This is not preferred nomenclature.)

•

Outlet nozzle. The outlet nozzle is secured in the nozzle section and has an opening through which water can be discharged. The outlet nozzle is threaded or otherwise formed to permit attachment of a fire-hose connection. Also called nozzle, spud.

•

Hose outlet nozzle. An outlet nozzle that has an opening that is 3 in. (7.6 cm) or smaller in diameter, and is suitable for attachment of a 3-in. (7.6-cm) or smaller fire hose.

•

Pumper outlet nozzle. An outlet nozzle with an opening at least 31/2 in. (8.9 cm) in diameter, suitable for attachment of 31/2-in. (8.9-cm) or larger fire hose. Also called steamer nozzle, steamer connection, pumper nozzle, or pumper connection.

•

Outlet-nozzle cap. A cap that is attached to an outlet nozzle and covers the nozzle opening. The cap is furnished with a nut or other means to permit the application of force adequate to firmly attach it to or remove it from the outlet nozzle.

•

Hose gate. A valve that can be attached to a hose outlet nozzle or secured to the nozzle section. The hose gate is furnished with hose threads or is otherwise formed to permit attachment of a fire-hose coupling. The hose gate is normally opened and closed by a rotating valve handle; the hose gate is used to control the flow of water from the hydrant when the main valve is open. (The main valve should never be used to control hydrant flow; such use could damage the hydrant or hydrant installation.) Also called hose valve.

DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS

15

•

Stem coupling. A part that joins the portions of a two-part stem. Also called rod coupling.

•

Frangible stem coupling. A stem coupling designed to break if it is stressed severely, such as a vehicle striking the hydrant. Also called breakable coupling, frangible valve-rod coupling.

•

Upper barrel. A part that extends from the lower barrel at the ground line to the nozzle section, enclosing the stem. It may be integral with the nozzle section. Also called upper standpipe. (When the upper barrel is an integral part of the nozzle section, then the term nozzle section would incorporate the term upper barrel.)

•

Lower barrel. A part that extends from the base to the ground line, enclosing the stem. The lower barrel conducts water from the base to the upper portion of the hydrant. Also called standpipe.

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Breakable barrel coupling. A coupling used to fasten the upper barrel to the lower barrel. It is designed to break if stressed severely, such as vehicle striking the hydrant. Also called frangible standpipe coupling.

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Breakable flange. A part that bolts to a mating flange at a joint between the hydrant upper and lower barrels, which is located immediately above the ground line. It is designed to break if stressed severely, such as a vehicle striking the hydrant. Also called breakaway flange, traffic flange.

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Breakable bolt. Bolts used to fasten the upper barrel to the lower barrel. Breakable bolts are designed to break if stressed severely, such as a vehicle striking the hydrant. Also called frangible bolt.

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Main valve. A part made of rubber, leather, balata gum, or a similar resilient material; the main valve is forced against a seat to form a watertight seal when the hydrant is closed. Also called valve, valve rubber, valve-ball rubber, valve seat, valve gasket, valve disc.

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Upper valve plate. A support for the main valve, positioned above the valve. The upper valve plate may also serve as the portion of the drain valve that is moved when the stem rotates. It may also serve as the means to prevent rotation of the valve, stem, and associated parts. Also called top plate, upper valve washer, valve-ball top, valve top plate, valve plate, hydrant-valve top.

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Lower valve plate. A part that is positioned below the main valve and clamps the main valve against the upper valve plate. Also called lower valve washer, valve-ball bottom, lower cap nut, bottom plate.

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Valve seat ring. A part threaded into and sealed to the hydrant base (or associated part adjacent to the base). The main valve is forced against the valve seat ring to close the hydrant. Also called seat ring, valve seat.

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Seat-ring insert. A part with internal threads that is secured and sealed to the hydrant base. The internal threads engage with the external threads on the valve seat ring. The seat-ring insert may also serve as a part of the drain system. Also called drain ring, retainer ring, subseat, insert ring.

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FIRE HYDRANTS

•

Gate. A part that supports the main valve. It is moved, first horizontally and then vertically, to open or close the main valve opening in a slide-gate hydrant. Also called main gate.

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Base. A part that provides a lateral connection to the hydrant lead and directs the flow vertically upward into the lower barrel. Also called shoe, bottom, boot, elbow.

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Drain valve. A valve located at or adjacent to the valve seat ring. The drain valve opens automatically when the main valve is closed; this allows water to drain from the barrel into the ground. In like fashion, the drain valve closes automatically when the main valve is opened. The mechanism is usually designed so that, when the main valve is opened, the drain valve closes completely after only one to five turns of the operating nut.

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Drain outlet. The opening in the base (or adjacent part of the base) through which water escapes to the ground when the drain valve is open. Also called drain bushing, drip tubing, drain-hole liner, drain cup.

AUXILIARY COMPONENTS FOR DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS______ In addition to standard hydrant components and equipment used in the construction and installation of hydrants, the following auxiliary components are sometimes used. Hydrant meters: Portable flowmeters that can be attached to a hose nozzle to measure the flow rate or the total flow over a period of time. Independently gated outlets: Independently gated outlets operate in the same way as hose gates, but gated outlets are integral with the nozzle section instead of screwed on to the nozzles. Dry-barrel hydrants with independently gated outlets are available from some manufacturers. Backflow-prevention devices: In some instances, local authorities may require a means to prevent backflow from hydrants into the water system. Where groundwater levels may be above the level of the hydrant lead, no-drain hydrants should be specified and installed. Backflow preventers in the drain connection or the hydrant lead are not considered practical. When hydrants are used to provide water to a tank truck that is a nonpotable water source, such as a high-velocity sewer cleaner, a backflow-prevention device consistent with the degree of hazard should be used.

MISCELLANEOUS AND OBSOLETE HYDRANT TERMS Higbee cut: The abrupt termination of the outermost thread on a threaded outlet. Steamer connection: A term formerly used for pumper connection. See pumper connection in Sec. Construction Terms for Dry-Barrel Hydrants.

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Chapter

M17

3 Wet-Barrel Hydrants: Definitions and Preferred Nomenclature

WET-BARREL HYDRANTS___________________________________ Wet-barrel hydrants are used in areas where freezing temperatures are rare and not persistent. Unlike a dry-barrel hydrant, a wet-barrel hydrant does not have a main valve. Instead, the barrel is full of water and pressurized as long as the lateral piping to the hydrant is under pressure and the auxiliary valve ahead of the hydrant is open. In other words, under normal operating conditions, the entire interior of the hydrant is subjected to water pressure at all times. Each outlet nozzle has an independent valve that controls discharge from that particular outlet.

Special Hydrants High-pressure hydrants. High-pressure hydrants are designed and constructed for working pressure above 150 psig (1,034 kPa [gauge]). These hydrants are not within the scope of ANSI/AWWA C502 or ANSI/AWWA C503, but they are produced by several hydrant manufacturers and used by several utilities. One design of a high-pressure hydrant designed by a utility is illustrated in the appendix. This design uses a special angle globe valve.

CONSTRUCTION TERMS FOR WET-BARREL HYDRANTS ________ Direction to open: The direction in which the operating nut is rotated to open the valve on a given outlet: open left is counterclockwise when viewed facing the operating nut, while open right is clockwise.

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FIRE HYDRANTS

Hose connection: An outlet to which 3-in. (7.6-cm) or smaller hose can be connected. Hose gate: A gate valve attached to a hydrant outlet. The attachment may be permanent or temporary. Temporary attachments are made with threaded outlets. NOTE: Only gate valves that require several turns of the operating handle to open or close should be used as hose gates. Valve opening: The inside diameter of the valve seat ring. Pipe connection: The inlet of the hydrant where the connection is made to the hydrant lead. Post hydrant: Any hydrant that extends above the ground line with the pumper or hose connection above the ground line. (All hydrants are post hydrants, except flush hydrants. See flush hydrants in Sec. Types of Dry-Barrel Hydrants.) Pumper connection: An outlet to which hose 31/2 in. (8.9 cm) or larger can be connected.

INSTALLATION TERMS FOR WET-BARREL HYDRANTS _________ Auxiliary valve: A gate valve or other type of valve that is installed in the pipe that connects the hydrant to the water main (that is, the hydrant lead). The auxiliary valve can be closed to isolate the hydrant. It is also called the hydrant gate. Bury: The nominal vertical distance between the ground line and the bottom of the pipe connected to the hydrant inlet, measured to the nearest 6-in. (15.2-cm) increment. Cover: The nominal vertical distance between the ground line and the top of the pipe connected to the hydrant inlet, measured to the nearest 6-in. (15.2-cm) increment. (Use of this term is discouraged in favor of the word bury.) Ground line: The nominal elevation to which the hydrant barrel is to be buried during installation. Hydrant gate: See auxiliary valve. Hydrant lead: The pipe connecting the hydrant to the water main. The hydrant lead is also called the branch or lateral. Trench: See bury.

PREFERRED NOMENCLATURE FOR WET-BARREL HYDRANT COMPONENTS __________________________________ The preferred nomenclature for wet-barrel hydrant components was determined by the manufacturers’ representatives on the AWWA Standards Committee on Fire Hydrants. This preferred nomenclature was developed in order to clarify the names of hydrant components for hydrant users. Figure 3-1 indicates the preferred nomenclature for three types of wet-barrel hydrants.* It should be noted that these diagrams are composites and do not represent a particular manufacturer’s product. The following list gives the preferred name for each part and a brief description of each part. Because of differences in each hydrant brand, not all components are InvisiblePlaceholderOnTheNextLine

*Of course, all hydrants do not include the same components. The diversity of components, and the manufacturers’ various names for each component, can make for confusion. Appendix A consists of a series of drawings and parts lists for wet-barrel and dry-barrel hydrants produced by several manufacturers. For most parts indicated on each drawing are given the part number and name supplied by the manufacturer.

WET-BARREL HYDRANTS

Figure 3–1

19

Composite wet-barrel hydrants

identical or comparable by term. Some hydrants may have unique components for which no preferred term has been assigned.

•

Top section. The aboveground portion of the hydrant, constructed as a single piece or as a two-piece unit.

•

Body. The aboveground section of a one-piece hydrant. Also called body head.

•

Hydrant head. The upper portion of the top section of a two-piece hydrant. This portion contains valve mechanisms and outlet valves. Also called body head, top section.

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Barrel. The lower portion of the top section of a two-piece hydrant. Also called spool, lower body.

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Bury section. The belowground section of the hydrant, constructed either of a single piece (lower bury ell) or two pieces (lower bury ell and riser).

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Stem. The part that extends to the outside of the hydrant top section and is rotated with a hydrant wrench to move the valve washer away from or toward the valve seat. Also called valve stem.

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Valve carrier. A part that supports the valve washer from the pressure side. The valve carrier is supported by and fits on the stem. Also called carrier, disc holder.

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FIRE HYDRANTS

•

Valve washer. A part made of rubber, leather, or similar resilient material that is forced against the valve seat to form a watertight seal when the valve is closed. Also called valve rubber, disc, valve insert.

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Valve-washer retainer. A part, carried by the stem, that is in front of the valve washer and is used to retain the valve washer against the valve carrier. Also called retainer.

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Retaining nut. A threaded hexagonal nut used to secure the parts of the valve assembly together on the stem and to prevent the valve assembly from becoming loose. The retaining nut may contain slots for insertion of a cotter pin or similar device. Also called disc retaining nut, nut, slotted nut.

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Stuffing box. A cylindrical cavity that surrounds the stem and contains a number of packing rings or O-rings used to prevent leakage along the stem. The stuffing box may be an individual component or a portion of another component. Also called stem sleeve, insert, stem guide.

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Stem bushing. An internally threaded, stationary part that engages the threads on the stem so that when the stem is rotated, the valve assembly is moved to close or open the hydrant.

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Hose outlet nozzle. An outlet nozzle that has an opening smaller than 31/2 in. (8.9 cm) in diameter and is suitable for attachment of a fire hose. This connection is commonly 21/2 in. (6.4 cm). The inside of the hose outlet nozzle is machined to form a seating surface for the valve washer. Also called hose valve nozzle, seat, outlet.

•

Pumper outlet nozzle. An outlet nozzle with an opening at least 31/2 in. (8.9 cm) in diameter, suitable for attachment of a 31/2-in. (8.9-cm) or larger fire hose. The inside is machined to form a seating surface for the valve washer. Also called outlet, seat.

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Outlet-nozzle cap. A part that is attached to an outlet nozzle and covers the nozzle opening. The cap is furnished with a nut or other means to permit the application of force to firmly attach it to or remove it from the nozzle. Also called pro-cap, hose cap.

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Lower bury ell. A part that connects the top section or riser of a wetbarrel hydrant to the hydrant lead.

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Valve seat. A part that is secured and sealed to the nozzle. The valve washer is forced in order to close the hydrant. The valve seat may be integral with the outlet nozzle. Also called seat ring.

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Riser. A section of pipe used to vertically extend a lower bury ell. Also called midsection, standpipe.

MISCELLANEOUS AND OBSOLETE HYDRANT TERMS _________ Higbee cut: The abrupt termination of the outermost thread on a threaded outlet. Steamer connection: A term formerly used for pumper connection. See pumper connection in Sec. Construction Terms for Wet-Barrel Hydrants.

AWWA MANUAL

Chapter

M17

4 Inspection, Installation, Testing, and Placing the Hydrant in Service The fire hydrant is one of the most important parts of a water distribution system but is often one of the most ignored. Hydrants stand idle for long periods of time and are subject to the effects of weather and the elements and are vulnerable to damage, but they are expected to work well in emergencies. To ensure that hydrants will operate correctly when they are needed, the proper procedures must be followed when they are inspected, installed, tested, and maintained.

INSPECTION PRIOR TO INSTALLATION ______________________ Hydrants should be inspected at the time of delivery to verify compliance with specifications and to check for damage during shipment. Specifications to be checked during the initial inspection include the size and shape of the operating nut and its direction to open, depth of bury, size and type of inlet connection, size of the main valve (for a dry-barrel hydrant) or valve washer (for a wet-barrel hydrant), outlet nozzle sizes and configuration, and thread style. The hydrant should be cycled to full open and full closed positions to ensure that no internal damage or breakage has occurred during shipment and handling. All external bolts should be checked for tightness. Shortly after delivery, hydrants should be pressure and leak tested on a statistically sampled basis. It is not uncommon for outlet nozzles and pressure bolting to loosen as a result of handling during shipping and storage. Loose nozzles or pressure bolting may cause leakage during a pressure test. Tightening the flange bolting, the caulking of leaded-in nozzles, and the tightening of threaded-in nozzles

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FIRE HYDRANTS

will prevent or eliminate minor leaks. In most cases, tightening is all that is needed to achieve a satisfactory pressure test. After inspection, the hydrant valve should be closed and the outlet-nozzle caps replaced to prevent the entry of foreign matter. Hydrants should be stored with the inlets facing down. Whenever possible, hydrants in storage should be protected from the effects of weather and the elements. Hydrants should be reinspected just before installation.

INSTALLATION ___________________________________________ Following proper procedures ensures correct installation and should result in a lower maintenance cost. Refer to ANSI/AWWA C600, Standard for Installation of DuctileIron Water Mains and Their Appurtenances, for a detailed description of proper installation and testing methods. Typical hydrant installations are illustrated in Figures 4-1 and 4-2. The following recommendations are in accordance with ANSI/ AWWA C600: 1. Connect fire hydrants only to water mains adequately sized to handle fire flows. 2. Install hydrants as plumb as possible. 3. Locate fire hydrants in accordance with the applicable fire code, the requirements of the local fire authority, or the applicable municipal design standard. 4. Unless otherwise required by Item 3, ensure hydrants are installed away from the curb far enough to avoid damage from or to vehicles as they turn. The recommended setback is 2-ft (0.6-m) minimum from the face of the curb to the point on the hydrant nearest to the curb. 5. The pumper outlet nozzle should face the street to enable a quick connection to the fire pumper. 6. Make sure that the outlet nozzles are high enough (at least 18 in. [46 cm]) above the ground line to allow for attachment of hoses and operation of the hydrant wrench. There should be no obstructions that prevent or retard hydrant operation or hinder removal of outlet-nozzle caps. 7. Always install an auxiliary valve between the hydrant and the supply main to permit isolation of the hydrant for maintenance purposes. 8. Provide thrust restraint for the auxiliary valve so that the hydrant may be removed without shutting down the main. 9. Remove foreign matter from the hydrant lead before installing the auxiliary valve and hydrant. 10. Locate the auxiliary valve as close to the main as possible. 11. In setting a hydrant use a firm footing, such as stone slabs or a concrete base on firm ground, to prevent settling and strain on the hydrant lead joints. 12. Provide for thrust restraint of the hydrant by strapping, blocking, or using a restraining type of joint. See Figure 4-3 for examples of restraints.

INSPECTION, INSTALLATION, TESTING

Figure 4–1

Typical dry-barrel hydrant

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FIRE HYDRANTS

Figure 4–2

Typical wet-barrel hydrant installation

INSPECTION, INSTALLATION, TESTING

Figure 4–3

Examples of hydrant restraints

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13. When pouring thrust blocks for dry-barrel hydrants with drains, exercise care not to plug or block the drain holes. 14. Install traffic hydrants with extra care to ensure that there is adequate soil resistance to avoid transmitting shock to the hydrant’s lower barrel and hydrant inlet. In loose or poor load-bearing soil, it is suggested that a concrete collar, about 6-in. (150-mm) thick, with a diameter of 2 ft (0.6 m), be installed around the hydrant lower barrel at or near the ground line. When installing hydrants on a PVC main, the concrete collar is of extra importance. In areas of substantial frost penetration, expansion-joint material should be placed between the hydrant and the collar. 15. When installing hydrants on PVC mains, the hydrant lead should be made of the same material as the main. This will help to protect the main from damage if the hydrant is hit during a traffic accident. (If the breakable portion of the hydrant fails to function properly, the hydrant lead could be broken. If the hydrant lead was ductile cast iron and the main line was PVC, the main could be damaged.) 16. Provide for drainage from dry-barrel hydrants. One acceptable method is to excavate the area around the hydrant base, then place about 1/3 yd3 (0.25 m3) of clean stone to a level 6 in. (150 mm) above the drain outlets. The stone should extend at least 1 ft (0.3 m) on all sides of the hydrant. To keep the drainage pit from clogging, the stone should be covered with 8-mil (0.2-mm) polyethylene or similar waterproof material before backfilling. This practice permits ready hydrant drainage after use. 17. When a hydrant is installed in an area with a high water table, it may be necessary to plug the drain outlets. 18. Hydrants with plugged drain outlets must be marked as such and pumped dry after each use to protect them from freezing. 19. Do not connect hydrant drains to a sanitary sewer or storm sewer. 20. In rural areas where no curb exists, use large setbacks or other means to protect hydrants from traffic, always ensuring that the hydrant is accessible to fire-fighting equipment. 21. The adoption of a color scheme to indicate flow capacity is optional. However, if such a scheme is used, the uniform color-coding system shown in Table 4-1 is recommended. According to this system, hydrant tops and caps are painted to indicate the hydrant’s expected flow rate. This color scheme is consistent with NFPA* 291, Recommended Practice for Fire Flow Testing and Marking of Hydrants. 22. Hydrants must be highly visible and unobstructed at all times. Therefore, whether or not a color code is used, hydrants should be painted with colors that are easily visible both day and night. 23. Hydrants installed as part of new main construction can be disinfected by opening and closing the main valve during the disinfection of the main. The hydrant should be flushed after disinfection of the main valve to remove the high concentration of chlorine solution.

*National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471.

INSPECTION, INSTALLATION, TESTING

Table 4–1

27

Color scheme to indicate flow capacity Flow

gpm at 20 psig*

(L/sec at 140 kPa)*

Color

greater than 1,500 1,000–1,499 500–999 less than 500

(60) (60) (30–60) (30)

Light blue Green Orange Red

*This is the calculated flow at a calculated residual of 20 psi (140 kPa) and with the actual residual on an adjacent nonflowing hydrant being 40 psi (280 kPa) or greater. When the actual observed residual on the adjacent nonflowing hydrant is less than 40 psi (280 kPa), the color scheme should be based on one half of the observed flow. An alternative scheme for color coding may be related to the size of the water main supplying the hydrant.

24. Hydrants installed on an existing main should be disinfected before installation. This may be accomplished by spraying a solution of 300 mg/L chlorine into the hydrant inlet and through the outlet-nozzle openings. The chlorine solution should be flushed from the hydrant immediately after installation. 25. Foreign material may have been left in newly laid lines or hydrant leads. This material can damage valves and valve seats and also affect the results of pressure tests. If this is a concern, after backfilling and before disinfecting the main, remove the valve and valve seat from the hydrant. Then flush the main through the hydrant using the auxiliary valve to control the flow of water from the line. See Sec. Dechlorination Regulations in Chapter 6.

TESTING__________________________________________________ ANSI/AWWA C502 permits dry-barrel hydrants with unplugged drain outlets to have an allowable leakage of 5 fluid oz/min (0.25 mL/sec) through the drain valve. Therefore, the main valve should not be opened at the same time that the water main is tested. The auxiliary valve should be closed during water-main tests (see ANSI/ AWWA C600). However, if it is possible to temporarily plug the drain outlets, the hydrant and main may be tested at the same time. After the hydrant is installed and, when possible, before backfilling (and after pressure testing the water main), the hydrant should be tested as follows.

Pressure Test at Main Pressure 1. Remove the highest outlet-nozzle cap and open the hydrant valve a few turns. Allow water to reach the bottom of the outlet nozzle. (If the hydrant is furnished with a tapped-plug air vent, it is not necessary to remove the nozzle cap. Just open the air vent.) 2. Replace the outlet-nozzle cap and leave it loose to permit all air to escape, or close the tapped-plug air vent. 3. After all air has escaped, tighten the outlet-nozzle cap. 4. Open the hydrant completely. (Opening the hydrant fully before all the air has escaped will compress the air and cause a safety hazard.)

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5. Check for leakage at flanges, outlet nozzles, and the packing or O-rings around the stem. 6. If leakage is noted, repair or replace the faulty components or the entire hydrant. 7. Repeat the test until results are satisfactory.

Pressure Test at Pressures Above Main Pressure 1. Connect a pressure-test pump to one of the hydrant’s outlet nozzles. 2. Open the highest outlet-nozzle cap. Open the hydrant valve a few turns. Allow the hydrant to fill until water is at the bottom of the outlet nozzle. 3. After all air has escaped, tighten the outlet-nozzle cap. 4. Open the hydrant completely. 5. Close the auxiliary valve. 6. Pump up to test pressure (usually 150 psi [1,034 kPa]). 7. Check for leakage at flanges, outlet nozzles, and the packing or O-rings around the stem. 8. Repair or replace hydrant, if necessary. 9. Repeat the test until results are satisfactory. 10. Open the auxiliary valve.

Drainage Test for Dry-Barrel Hydrants 1. Following the pressure test, close the hydrant main valve. 2. Remove one outlet-nozzle cap and place the palm of one hand over the outlet-nozzle opening. 3. Drainage should be sufficiently rapid to create a noticeable suction. 4. If the hydrant fails the drainage test, partially open the hydrant with the outlet-nozzle caps on to create a pressure that will clear the drain valve. If this fails, the drain-valve assembly should be removed and inspected. If the drain valve is clear, the problem may be that the drain outlet is plugged from outside the hydrant. Repair will require digging down around the outside of the hydrant and clearing the drain outlet.

PLACING THE HYDRANT IN SERVICE _______________________ The following steps are recommended for placing a hydrant in service. 1. After testing and backfilling, the hydrant should be flushed and tested to ensure that it is bacteriologically safe before it is put into service. 2. Tighten the outlet-nozzle caps. Back them off slightly so they will not be excessively tight, but tight enough to prevent their removal by hand. 3. Clean the hydrant exterior to remove dirt accumulated during installation. If necessary for protection or appearance, the exposed portion of the hydrant should be painted with one or more coats of the utility’s standard paint.

AWWA MANUAL

Chapter

M17

5 Maintenance To ensure that a hydrant will work correctly when it is needed, a periodic testing and maintenance program must be followed. Although hydrants are operated by members of the fire department, it is generally the water utility’s responsibility to maintain them in working order. In many small communities, especially where the water purveyor is not the same political entity as the fire department, agreements have been made with the individual fire departments to maintain and test fire hydrants. While this practice is worthwhile, it should be remembered that unless there is a verifiable agreement, the owner of the hydrant retains the responsibility for maintenance and inspection of the hydrant.

USES OF HYDRANTS ______________________________________ The primary purpose of a fire hydrant is fire suppression. However, hydrants also serve other useful functions. For example, hydrants provide a method of testing the distribution system’s flow capabilities. They also provide a means for flushing the system mains, for street cleaning and sewer cleaning, for street and building construction, and for recreation. While each of these functions might be of great importance to certain individuals or groups, the primary purpose—fire suppression—is paramount. Hydrant owners have a moral obligation to see that adequate fire flow can be delivered from every hydrant under their jurisdiction. If adequate flow cannot be delivered by a particular hydrant, that hydrant is not fulfilling the primary purpose. If that is the case, the hydrant should be removed. A hydrant signifies to the public that water for fighting fires is available.

SPECIAL-USE CONCERNS __________________________________ When the main valve of a dry-barrel hydrant is left partially open, substantial amounts of water may leak through the drain valves. Depending on the volume of leakage and the soil in which the hydrant is located, the results can be relatively minor or catastrophic. For example, a hydrant with the main valve left partially open

29

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located in easily saturated soil will fail to drain properly after main valve closure. Excessive leakage through the drain can undermine a hydrant located in soil that is easily washed away. When in use, the main valve of a dry-barrel hydrant should always be completely opened to ensure that the drain valve is closed. Instructions to this effect should be given to all persons authorized to use the hydrants, including fire fighters, contractors, street cleaners, and summer playground supervisors. (An isolation valve should be connected to the hose nozzle each time the hydrant is used for purposes other than fire fighting. This allows the user to control the flow without moving the main valve.) When hydrants are repeatedly used as a water source during new construction, the owner must consider ways to protect the hydrant, protect the water from contamination through backflow, and also control consumption. Adequate protection and control can be achieved through installation of a hose gate on the outlet nozzle, a hydrant meter, and an acceptable backflow-prevention device. When the hydrant is in use, the main valve must be left in the fully open position. Users should be instructed to control flow through the hose gate on the outlet nozzle instead of operating the main valve. The use of hydrants to fill street sweepers, sewer-flushing trucks, and sewer high-velocity cleaners requires special attention. The connection of a hose from the hydrant to the truck, even through a check valve, is considered a cross-connection and therefore hazardous. Hydrant owners may require each truck to have an acceptable in-line backflow-prevention-device connection. Another solution is to identify watering points that can be protected by backflow-prevention devices, such as reduced-pressure devices (RPDs) and/or air gaps. In all communities, hydrants are occasionally used by unauthorized individuals. When unauthorized use of hydrants becomes a problem, special control techniques may be required. Common control techniques involve legal action and penalties against the offenders and the installation of special operating nuts and nozzle caps that can be operated only with special wrenches. The special operating nut and wrench designs make it difficult to remove outlet-nozzle caps or to operate the hydrant with standard tools. Occasionally, a hydrant is installed where vehicular traffic inflicts repeated damage to the hydrant. Under such a condition, it is best to move the hydrant. However, if that is not possible, the hydrant may be protected by installing a barrier of vertical pipes or steel rods approximately 3 ft (1 m) from the hydrant.

INSPECTION ______________________________________________ All hydrants should be inspected regularly, at least once a year, to ensure their satisfactory operation. In freezing climates, dry-barrel hydrants may require two inspections per year. A common technique is to perform one inspection in the fall and another in the spring. In severe freezing conditions, periodic winter inspections may also be required. Winter inspections are especially important for dry-barrel hydrants that are installed in areas with high groundwater levels (whether or not the drain outlet is plugged). It is advisable to inspect all types of hydrants after each use. Dry-barrel hydrants with permanently plugged drains must be pumped out after each use and inspected. During freezing conditions, after-use inspections are especially important for dry-barrel hydrants.

MAINTENANCE

31

To reduce labor, inspection crews should be equipped to repair all hydrants at the time of inspection. However, some jurisdictions prefer to have hydrants inspected by one person and repaired by a follow-up crew.

Dry-Barrel Hydrant Inspection Procedure 1. Check the hydrant’s appearance. Remove obstructions around it. If paint is needed, either paint the hydrant or schedule it for painting. Check to see whether the hydrant needs to be raised or lowered because of a change in the ground-surface grade. If adjustments are needed, schedule the work. 2. On traffic-model hydrants, check the breakaway device for damage. 3. Remove one outlet-nozzle cap and use a listening device to check for mainvalve leakage. 4. Check for the presence of water or ice in the hydrant barrel, by use of a plumb bob or other suitable means. 5. Attach a section of fire hose or other deflector to protect the street, traffic, and private property from water expelled at high velocity. (See warning about rigid diverters in Sec. Dechlorination Regulations in Chapter 6.) 6. Open the hydrant and flush to remove foreign material from the interior and lead. 7. Close the hydrant. Remove the deflector and check the operation of the drain valve by placing the palm of one hand over the outlet nozzle. Drainage should be sufficiently rapid to create noticeable suction. For nodrain hydrants, pump the water from the barrel. 8. Using a listening device, check the main valve for leakage. 9. Replace the outlet-nozzle cap. Leave it loose enough to allow air to escape. 10. Open the hydrant only a few turns. Allow air to vent from the outletnozzle cap. 11. Tighten the outlet-nozzle cap. 12. Open the hydrant fully. Check for ease of operation. Certain water conditions may cause hard-water buildup on the stem threads of toggle and slide-gate hydrants and on the threads of wet-top hydrants. Opening and closing the hydrant repeatedly usually removes this buildup. If the hydrant has no threads in the water, but operates with difficulty, check the lubrication before proceeding with the inspection. Other problems that may make operation difficult are stuck packing and bent stems. 13. With the hydrant fully open, check for leakage at flanges, around outlet nozzles, at packing or seals, and around the operating stem. Repair as needed. 14. Partially close the hydrant so the drains open and water flows through under pressure for about 10 sec, flushing the drain outlets. 15. Close the hydrant completely. Back off the operating nut enough to take pressure off of the thrust bearing or packing.

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FIRE HYDRANTS

16. Remove all outlet-nozzle caps, clean the threads, check the condition of the gaskets, and lubricate the threads. (Graphite powder in oil works well, as do several of the never-seize compounds.) Check the ease of operation of each cap. 17. Check outlet-nozzle-cap chains or cables for free action on each cap. If the chains or cables bind, open the loop around the cap until they move freely. This will keep the chains or cables from kinking when the cap is removed during an emergency. 18. Replace the caps. Tighten them, and then back off slightly so they will not be excessively tight. Leave them tight enough to prevent their removal by hand. 19. Check the lubrication of operating-nut threads. Lubricate per the manufacturer’s recommendations. 20. Locate and exercise the auxiliary valve. Leave it in the open position. 21. If the hydrant is inoperable, tag it with a clearly visible mark and notify the fire department. This may save fire fighters valuable time in an emergency. Schedule the hydrant for repair.

Wet-Barrel Hydrant Inspection Procedure 1. Check the hydrant’s appearance. Remove obstructions around it. If paint is needed, either paint the hydrant or schedule it for painting. Check to see whether the hydrant needs to be raised because of a change in the groundsurface grade. If adjustments are needed, schedule the work. 2. Remove outlet-nozzle caps and check for valve-washer leakage. 3. Install a test outlet-nozzle cap. 4. Open each valve and test for ease of operation. If stem action is tight, open and close several times until opening and closing actions are smooth and free. 5. Clean the cap and nozzle threads. Inspect and replace damaged cap gaskets. Lubricate the nozzle threads. (Graphite powder in oil works well, as do several of the never-seize compounds.) 6. Check the outlet-nozzle-cap chains and cables for free action on each cap. If the chains or cables bind, open the loop around the cap until they move freely. This will keep the chains or cables from kinking when the cap is removed during an emergency. 7. Replace the caps. Tighten them, and then back off slightly so they will not be excessively tight. Leave them tight enough to prevent their removal by hand. 8. Locate and exercise the auxiliary valve. Leave it in the open position. 9. If the hydrant is inoperable, tag it with a clearly visible mark and notify the fire department. This may save fire fighters valuable time in an emergency. Schedule the hydrant for repair.

MAINTENANCE

33

LUBRICATION ____________________________________________ For detailed information on how to lubricate a particular hydrant, contact the hydrant’s manufacturer. The following general guidelines should be used in conjunction with the manufacturer’s recommendations. 1. Determine if the hydrant uses oil or grease on the operating threads. If the threads are exposed to water, the grease should not be water soluble. 2. To lubricate the threads on toggle-type hydrants, the entire operating mechanism must be removed. 3. In climates where moisture in the air will freeze the outlet-nozzle caps and operating nut, a common solution is to coat the threads and nut with antifreeze. The antifreeze should be made of a nontoxic, noncorrosive compound that is approved by the drinking water authority that has jurisdiction over potable water. NOTE: Placing antifreeze into the barrel section of the hydrant is not recommended.

REPAIRS _________________________________________________ Any condition that cannot be repaired easily during routine inspection should be recorded in the inspection report. The problem should be reported to repair crews for action. Leakage, broken parts, bad operation, corrosion, and other major defects should be repaired as soon as possible after the defect is reported. If repairs are to be performed in the field, the repair crew should take a full complement of repair parts to the job site. NOTE: Before any repair takes place, the fire department must be notified of the outage. To obtain the exact procedure for disassembly and repair of a specific hydrant, refer to the manufacturer’s maintenance manual. The following information is to be used as a general guideline. If it appears to conflict with the manufacturer’s recommendations, the manufacturer’s recommendations should be followed. 1. Close the auxiliary valve ahead of the hydrant or use another means to cut off flow and pressure to the hydrant. CAUTION: Before proceeding, open the hydrant main valve a few turns to make certain pressure to the hydrant has been cut off. 2. Disassemble the hydrant in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. 3. Replace damaged parts and parts that show wear, corrosion, or signs of incipient failure. Always replace all gaskets, packing, and seals. 4. Reassemble the hydrant and open the auxiliary valve (or otherwise pressurize the hydrant). Test the main valve for leakage. 5. Vent the air from the hydrant and put the entire hydrant under pressure. Check for leakage, ease of operation, and drainage. 6. Always record the repair and operating condition of the hydrant after completion of the repairs. Notify the fire department after completion of the repair.

34

FIRE HYDRANTS

Specific Repairs Packing replacement. Braided or woven packing around the stem will wear out in time. Old, worn-out packing can be the source of leakage and can make it difficult to open and close the hydrant. The following guidelines may be helpful for replacing packing material. 1. Select the proper packing. In the past, the most common packing material used was asbestos graphite. Today, it is recommended that asbestos-based packing not be installed. Instead, use some form of synthetic packing material. Manufacturers of packing material and the manufacturer of the hydrant can provide guidelines on packing-material selection. 2. Locate and remove the packing gland. 3. Using a packing hook, remove all of the old packing. Never place new packing over the old. 4. Remove old material and dried-on grease from the packing gland, stuffing box, and operating nut. 5. Determine the size of the packing. Packing is square and is manufactured in various cross-sectional sizes in 1/16-in. (1.6-mm) increments. For control of leakage, the packing must be the correct size. 6. Wrap the packing around the operating nut and mark the exact length. 7. Remove the packing and cut to length along the mark. 8. Place the packing into the stuffing box, one ring at a time, seating each ring with a wooden block. The joints of the packing must be staggered at 90° intervals. 9. Replace the packing gland and tighten until it is finger tight. 10. Place the hydrant under pressure. 11. Adjust the packing gland until there is only a small amount of leakage (a trickle of water, not a stream) around the shaft.

Traffic-Model Damage When traffic-model hydrants become damaged, follow the repair procedure listed below. To execute timely repair, an inventory of parts for traffic-model hydrants should be kept on hand. Extra gaskets, lubricant, O-rings, and bolts should be kept on hand. 1. Notify the fire department of the outage. This should be done as soon as the damage is discovered. 2. Protect the area with proper traffic and pedestrian control. If the hydrant cannot be immediately repaired, the broken and loose components should be removed from the site and the hole covered to keep pedestrians from stepping in it. 3. Repair following the manufacturer’s recommended procedure.

MAINTENANCE

35

Adjusting hydrant height. When the height of a hydrant must be changed because of a change in the street grade, it is important to first notify the fire department. Proper care must be taken to control traffic and pedestrians. Each hydrant manufacturer has a specific procedure that should be followed in changing the height.

RECORD KEEPING _________________________________________ To carry out a meaningful inspection and maintenance program, it is essential to record the location, make, type, size, and date of installation for each hydrant. Other information also may be recorded, depending on the nature of the recordkeeping system used. When a hydrant is inspected, the record should indicate the inspection date and the condition of the hydrant. If repair work is necessary, the nature of the work should be indicated. When repair work is completed, the nature of the repairs, date, and other relevant information should be recorded. Other information, such as testing, pumping, ease of operation, direction of open, and number of turns to open, is also important and should be carefully recorded. This data may be kept in hard copy or transferred to a data base on a microcomputer. It is suggested the format of these records be altered to meet individual needs. Samples of record and survey sheets are shown in Figures 5-1 through 5-5. Some type of basic “master” record is necessary to give background information on hydrant type and installation (see Figure 5-1). This information will make it much easier to determine parts inventory and training requirements. This record is also useful in comparing hydrants to determine which styles, nozzle thread sizes, and operating nuts are the most common in the system. The center section of the master-record form allows for the accumulation of information concerning the frequency of inspections and repairs. This data is important to the Insurance Services Office and can help in determining the frequency of maintenance on a particular hydrant. A particular hydrant or type of hydrant that continues to develop the same repair problem can be systematically removed from the system. Without this type of information, it would be difficult to determine that a particular type of problem is recurring. The diagram at the bottom of the form should give as much detail as possible about fitting types, branch line lengths, and valve locations. This information is helpful for repair and maintenance. The hydrant-maintenance and hydrant-inspection report forms (Figures 5-2 and 5-3) are used during routine hydrant inspections in conjunction with the procedures described in the sections on Inspection, Lubrication, and Repairs. The hydrantmaintenance-report form is used when hydrants are repaired during routine inspections. The hydrant-inspection-report form is used when the inspection crew makes only minor repairs. All major repairs are written on a work-order form and are performed by a repair crew. The flow-test-report form and the hydrant-test form (Figures 5-4 and 5-5) are used in conjunction with the flow test procedure described in chapter 6. The flow-testreport form is used to record the results of a single flow test; the hydrant-test form is a historical record of one hydrant. The historical record is extremely useful in determining distribution-system changes that affect fire flows.

36

FIRE HYDRANTS

Figure 5–1

Master record

MAINTENANCE

Figure 5–2

Hydrant maintenance report

37

38

FIRE HYDRANTS

Figure 5–3

Hydrant inspection report

MAINTENANCE

Figure 5–4

Flow test report

39

40

FIRE HYDRANTS

Figure 5–5

Hydrant test report

AWWA MANUAL

Chapter

M17

6 Flow Tests Fire-flow tests are conducted to determine pressure and flow-producing capabilities at any location within the distribution system. The primary function of fire-flow tests is to determine how much water is available for fighting fires, but the tests also serve as a means of determining the general condition of the distribution system. Heavily tuberculated water mains or those with heavy wall deposits can reduce flow-carrying capacities of pipe; this reduced capacity can be detected using a flow test. Flow tests can also help detect closed valves in the system. The results of flow tests are used extensively by insurance underwriters as a factor in setting rates for insurance premiums; they are also used by designers of fire-sprinkler systems, and by the fire department service to determine the rate of water flow available for the fire fighting at various locations within the distribution system. It is good practice to conduct flow tests on all parts of the distribution system approximately every 10 years (or whenever needed) to identify the service areas affected by significant changes in the distribution system. An accurate record, filed systematically so it is readily available, should be kept of each flow test. See Figure 5-4 for a suggested flow-test report form.

TERMS USED IN FLOW TESTING____________________________ Flow hydrant: The hydrant or hydrants at which flow is measured. Pitot pressure: The pressure reading obtained on the Pitot gauge during a flow test. Pitot tube: An instrument that is used to measure the flow of water discharged from a hydrant outlet (orifice) by measuring and converting flow velocity head into a pressure-head reading on a gauge (see Figure 6-1). Residual pressure: The pressure that exists in the distribution system, measured at the residual hydrant at the time the flow readings are taken at the flow hydrants. Static pressure: The pressure that exists at a given point under normal distribution-system flow conditions.

41

42

FIRE HYDRANTS

Figure 6–1

Pitot tube in position for flow reading

PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT FOR FLOW TESTS ____________ The following list includes the required personnel and equipment needed to conduct a flow test. Equipment should be in good working order and be available at the time of the test. 1. For each flow hydrant, one Pitot tube with a pressure gauge capable of reading from 0 to 60 psi (420 kPa). 2. One outlet-nozzle cap that will fit the outlet nozzle of the residual hydrant. The outlet-nozzle cap is equipped with a pressure gauge capable of reading from 0 up to 25 psi (175 kPa) greater than the pressure expected in the residual hydrant. 3. A ruler to measure the inside diameter of the outlet nozzle of each flow hydrant. 4. One hydrant wrench to operate the residual hydrant and one to operate each of the hydrants at which the flow will be measured. 5. One discharge diffuser to absorb the energy from the hydrant flow so that it is contained, where necessary, to avoid property damage or to minimize the effect on traffic.* 6. One person to read the gauge on the residual hydrant and one person to read the gauge on the Pitot tube for each of the flow hydrants. 7. Clipboards and sheets for recording data at each hydrant.

*See warnings about rigid diverters, Sec. Dechlorination Regulations.

FLOW TESTS

43

8. For wet-barrel hydrants, it may be necessary to install a specially designed nozzle to minimize turbulence caused by the discharge valve. NOTE: The Pitot tube and the pressure gauges are delicate instruments and must be treated accordingly. Gauges should be checked for accuracy at reasonable intervals to ensure that the flow tests will be accurate.

OFFICE PLANNING PRIOR TO FIELD TESTING ________________ 1. Review distribution-system maps and determine which hydrants will be used to measure flow and which will be used to measure the static and residual pressures (see Figure 6-2). All hydrants should be at approximately the same elevation. Otherwise, test results may have to be corrected for elevation. 2. Review previous tests to estimate the flow and pressures that can be expected. 3. Select a day for testing when system consumption will be normal and weather predictions indicate that conditions will be reasonable. The operating division should be notified as to the time and location of the tests so necessary adjustments to the system can be made. Investigate traffic patterns, as the tests may affect traffic flow.

Figure 6–2

Suggested flow-test locations

44

FIRE HYDRANTS

FIELD PROCEDURE FOR FLOW TESTS _______________________ 1. Make provisions for minimizing interruptions to traffic and for adequate drainage of water. 2. Locate the residual hydrant and do the following: a. Flush the residual hydrant to eliminate sediment that may damage the gauge. b. Install the outlet-nozzle cap equipped with the pressure gauge on a hydrant nozzle. c. Open the main valve slowly until the air is vented. Close the vent and open the main valve fully. d. Read the gauge. This is the static pressure reading. 3. Locate the flow hydrant(s) and do the following: a. Measure and record the inside diameter (ID) of the outlet nozzle from which the flow is measured. The inside diameter (ID) measurement is taken to the nearest 1/16 in. (0.159 cm). b. Determine the discharge. At the hydrants used for flow during the test, the discharges from the open butts are determined from measurements of the diameter of the outlets flowed, the velocity pressures of the streams as indicated by the Pitot gauge readings, and the coefficient of the discharge outlet being flowed as determined from Figure 6-3. If flow tubes or stream strengtheners are utilized, a coefficient of 0.95 is suggested unless the coefficient of the tube is known. The formula used to compute the discharge. Q in gpm from those measurements is: Q = 29.83cd 2 P Where: c d P

Figure 6–3

Outlet nozzle coefficients

= = =

the coefficient of the discharge the diameter of the outlet, in in. Pitot gauge pressure, in psi

FLOW TESTS

45

4. Conduct the flow test as follows: a. Station one observer at the residual hydrant and one observer at each flow hydrant. b. Open each flow hydrant slowly until it is fully open. Open one hydrant at a time to avoid a pressure surge. c. When the pressure at the residual hydrant is stabilized, the observer signals the persons stationed at the flow hydrants to take the readings. The readings for residual pressure and the Pitot-tube readings of each flow hydrant must be taken simultaneously. The air should be exhausted from the flowing hydrant before the reading is taken. For an accurate reading, hold the Pitot tube in the center of the nozzle, with the axis of the Pitot tube opening parallel to the direction of flow. The Pitot tube should be held away from the end of the nozzle at a distance of about half the nozzle diameter (see Figure 6-1). d. Record the residual reading and the Pitot-gauge reading at each flow hydrant. Then close the flow hydrants one at a time. For reasonably accurate test results, the pressure drop between the static and the residual pressures should be at least 10 psi (70 kPa). If the distribution system is strong (as it should be near a supply main) and the pressure drop is less than 10 psi (70 kPa), an additional flow hydrant should be added to the test. It is best for observers to calculate the flow in the field so that if the results appear in error, the test can be repeated immediately.

CAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED WHEN FIELD TESTING _________ Opening a hydrant rapidly can cause a negative pressure fluctuation. Therefore, hydrants should be opened slowly until fully opened. Closing the hydrants is more critical, and it must be done very slowly until after the flow has diminished to about 20 percent of full flow. Closing a hydrant rapidly causes a pressure surge, or water hammer; this could cause a weakened main to fail. Hydrants should be opened and closed one at a time to minimize the effect on the distribution system. Dry-barrel hydrants must be opened fully because the drainvalve mechanism operates with the main valve. A partially opened hydrant could force water through the drain outlets under pressure, eroding the thrust support from behind the hydrant. After the test, the hydrant barrel should be drained before tightening the outlet-nozzle cap—a tight outlet-nozzle cap could prevent proper drainage and possibly cause ice blockage in either the upper or lower barrels. Gauge measurements should be taken only when the water is running clear because sediment could damage the instruments.*

DECHLORINATION REGULATIONS __________________________ The US and Canada regulatory agencies have established criteria to protect receiving streams and other bodies of water from substances toxic to aquatic life. Chlorine and chlorine compounds used to disinfect distribution systems are among these HiddenPlaceholder

*See warnings about rigid diverters, Sec. Dechlorination Regulations.

46

FIRE HYDRANTS

substances. Many states and provinces have established regulations that require dechlorination of chlorinated water from fire hydrants that discharge to a body of water. The applicable regulatory agencies should be consulted to determine dechlorination practices needed to conform to local regulations. Dechlorination information is available in the following: ANSI/AWWA C651, Standard for Disinfecting Water Mains; ANSI/AWWA C652, Standard for Disinfecting Water Storage Facilities; ASNI/AWWA C653, Standard for Disinfection of Water Treatment Plants; ANSI/AWWA C654, Standard for Disinfection of Wells; and Guidance Manual for Disposal of Chlorinated Water, AwwaRF.

WARNING ABOUT RIGID DIVERTERS ________________________ Never use a rigid diverter when flushing or flow testing wet- or dry-barrel fire hydrants. A rigid diverter consists of a pipe screwed onto the outlet nozzle. The diverter extends to a desired length, then bends at an angle of up to 90° to change the direction of the water before discharging the full flow into the atmosphere. The discharge generates a potentially dangerous thrust. This thrust is magnified by the distance from the outlet nozzle to the bend in the diverter. Because of leverage, the discharge through the diverter can generate a very high torque on the hydrant. A rigid diverter several feet long can produce many hundreds of footpounds of torque on the fire hydrant, which may damage the hydrant and the connections leading to the hydrant. Maximum danger exists when the rigid diverter is installed so that the line pressure creates sufficient torque to unscrew any portion of the top section of a wet-barrel hydrant from the bury section or unscrew the lower barrel of a frost-jacket hydrant from the base. To prevent bodily injury, property damage, or damage to the fire hydrant and its supporting structures, use only a diffuser or a flexible hose (properly restrained at the point of discharge) for flushing or flow testing.

DETERMINING AVAILABLE FLOW___________________________ The standard condition for determining the flow available in a system is at a residual pressure of 20 psi (140 kPa). Obviously, it is not reasonable to obtain this exact residual during the field flow test. The flow, as measured under field conditions, is converted by calculation to determine the flow available at a residual pressure of 20 psi (140 kPa) or other residual pressure. Tables 6-1 and 6-2 can be used to simplify the calculations. It is important to note that when converting to a desired residual pressure, the flow represents the flow available in the distribution system at that location; this figure generally exceeds the flow available at the hydrants used in the test.*

*The tables and equations given in this section use US customary units. Where metric data is available, the data should be converted to US customary units before performing any calculations. Conversion factors required include: 1 mm = 0.039 in.; 1 kPa = 0.145 psi; and (to convert the result to metric) 1 gpm = 0.063 L/sec.

FLOW TESTS

47

Table 6–1 Discharge for circular outlets, 21⁄4-in. through 211⁄16-in. with outlet-nozzle coefficient 0.90 Outlet Diameter, in. Outlet Pressure,* psi 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

1 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

2 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

3 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

4 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

5 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

6 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

7 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

8 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

9 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

10 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

21/4

25/16

23/8

27/16

21/2

29/16

25/8

211/16

80 120 150 170 190 210 220 240 250 270 280 290 300 310 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 390 400 410 420 430 440 440 450 460 470 480 480 490 500 500 510 520 520 530 540 540 550

90 120 150 180 200 220 230 250 260 280 290 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 480 490 500 510 510 520 530 540 540 550 560 570 570 580

90 130 160 180 210 230 240 260 280 290 310 320 330 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 510 520 530 540 550 550 560 570 580 580 590 600 610

100 140 170 190 220 240 260 270 290 310 320 340 350 360 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 560 570 580 590 600 600 610 620 630 640

gpm 70 100 120 140 150 170 180 190 200 220 230 240 250 250 260 270 280 290 300 300 310 320 330 330 340 350 350 360 370 370 380 380 390 400 400 410 410 420 420 430 440 440 450

70 100 120 140 160 180 190 200 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 300 310 320 330 340 340 350 360 370 370 380 390 390 400 410 410 420 420 430 440 440 450 450 460 470 470

NOTE: Flows are to the nearest 10 gpm. *Outlet pressure measured by Pitot-tube gauge.

80 110 130 150 170 190 200 210 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 350 360 370 380 390 390 400 410 410 420 430 440 440 450 450 460 470 470 480 480 490 500

80 110 140 160 180 200 210 230 240 250 260 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 370 380 390 400 410 410 420 430 440 440 450 460 460 470 480 480 490 500 500 510 520 520

Table continued next page.

48

FIRE HYDRANTS

Table 6–1 Discharge for circular outlets, 21⁄4-in. through 211⁄16-in. with outlet-nozzle coefficient 0.90 (continued) Outlet Diameter, in. Outlet Pressure,* psi 11 1

/4 1 /2 3 /4 12 1

/2

1

/2

1

/2

1

/2

1

/2

1

/2

1

/2

1

/2

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

21/4

25/16

23/8

27/16

21/2

29/16

25/8

211/16

560 560 570 580 580 590 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 770 790 810 820 840 860 870 890 910 920 940 950 970 980 990 1,010

590 590 600 600 610 620 640 650 660 670 680 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 810 830 850 860 880 900 920 930 950 970 980 1,000 1,010 1,030 1,040 1,060

610 620 630 630 640 650 670 680 690 700 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 800 810 820 830 850 870 890 910 920 940 960 980 1,000 1,010 1,030 1,050 1,060 1,080 1,090 1,110

640 650 660 660 670 690 700 710 730 740 750 760 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 860 870 890 910 930 950 970 990 1,010 1,020 1,040 1,060 1,080 1,100 1,110 1,130 1,140 1,160

gpm 450 460 460 470 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 540 550 560 570 580 590 590 600 610 620 640 650 670 680 690 710 720 730 750 760 770 780 790 810 820

480 480 490 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 640 640 660 670 690 700 720 730 750 760 770 790 800 810 830 840 850 860

NOTE: Flows are to the nearest 10 gpm. *Outlet pressure measured by Pitot-tube gauge.

500 510 510 520 520 540 550 560 570 580 590 600 610 620 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 710 730 740 760 770 790 800 820 830 840 860 870 880 900 910

530 530 540 550 550 560 570 590 600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 700 710 730 750 770 780 800 810 830 840 860 870 890 900 920 930 940 960

FLOW TESTS

49

Table 6–2 Discharge for circular outlets, 41⁄4-in. through 411⁄16-in. with outlet-nozzle coefficient 0.90 Outlet Diameter, in. Outlet Pressure,* psi

41/4

1

240 340 420 490 540 600 640 690 730 770 810 840 880 910 940 970 1,000 1,030 1,060 1,090 1,110 1,140 1,170 1,190 1,220 1,240 1,260 1,290 1,310 1,330 1,350 1,380 1,400 1,420 1,440 1,460 1,480 1,500 1,520 1,540 1,560 1,580 1,590

/4 /2 3 /4 1

1 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

2 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

3 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

4 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

5 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

6 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

7 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

8 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

9 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

10 1

/4 /2 3 /4 1

45/16

43/8

47/16

41/2

49/16

45/8

411/16

270 390 470 550 610 670 720 770 820 860 900 940 980 1,020 1,050 1,090 1,120 1,160 1,190 1,220 1,250 1,280 1,310 1,330 1,360 1,390 1,420 1,440 1,470 1,490 1,520 1,540 1,570 1,590 1,610 1,630 1,660 1,680 1,700 1,720 1,740 1,760 1,790

280 400 490 560 630 690 740 790 840 890 930 970 1,010 1,050 1,080 1,120 1,150 1,190 1,220 1,250 1,280 1,310 1,340 1,370 1,400 1,430 1,450 1,480 1,510 1,530 1,560 1,580 1,610 1,630 1,650 1,680 1,700 1,720 1,750 1,770 1,790 1,810 1,830

290 410 500 570 640 700 760 810 860 910 950 1,000 1,040 1,070 1,110 1,150 1,180 1,220 1,250 1,280 1,320 1,350 1,380 1,410 1,440 1,470 1,490 1,520 1,550 1,570 1,600 1,620 1,650 1,680 1,700 1,720 1,750 1,770 1,790 1,820 1,840 1,860 1,880

300 420 510 590 660 720 780 840 890 940 980 1,020 1,060 1,100 1,140 1,180 1,220 1,250 1,290 1,320 1,350 1,390 1,420 1,450 1,480 1,510 1,540 1,560 1,590 1,620 1,640 1,670 1,700 1,720 1,750 1,770 1,800 1,820 1,840 1,870 1,890 1,910 1,940

gpm 250 350 430 500 560 610 660 710 750 790 830 870 900 940 970 1,000 1,030 1,060 1,090 1,120 1,150 1,180 1,200 1,230 1,250 1,280 1,300 1,330 1,350 1,370 1,390 1,420 1,440 1,460 1,480 1,500 1,520 1,540 1,560 1,580 1,600 1,620 1,640

NOTE: Flows are to the nearest 10 gpm. *Outlet pressure measured by Pitot-tube gauge.

260 360 450 520 590 630 680 730 770 810 850 890 930 970 1,000 1,030 1,060 1,090 1,120 1,150 1,180 1,210 1,240 1,260 1,290 1,310 1,340 1,360 1,390 1,410 1,430 1,460 1,480 1,500 1,520 1,540 1,570 1,590 1,610 1,630 1,650 1,670 1,690

260 370 460 530 590 650 700 750 800 840 880 920 960 990 1,030 1,060 1,090 1,120 1,150 1,180 1,210 1,240 1,270 1,300 1,320 1,350 1,380 1,400 1,430 1,450 1,480 1,500 1,520 1,540 1,570 1,590 1,610 1,630 1,650 1,670 1,700 1,720 1,740

Table continued next page.

50

FIRE HYDRANTS

Table 6–2 Discharge for circular outlets, 41⁄4-in. through 411⁄16-in. with outlet-nozzle coefficient 0.90 (continued) Outlet Diameter, in. 41/4

Outlet Pressure,* psi

43/8

47/16

41/2

49/16

45/8

411/16

1,810 1,830 1,850 1,870 1,890 1,930 1,970 2,000 2,040 2,080 2,110 2,150 2,180 2,210 2,250 2,280 2,310 2,350 2,380 2,410 2,440 2,500 2,560 2,610 2,670 2,720 2,780 2,830 2,880 2,940 2,990 3,030 3,080 3,130 3,170 3,220 3,270

1,860 1,880 1,900 1,920 1,940 1,980 2,020 2,060 2,090 2,130 2,170 2,220 2,240 2,270 2,310 2,340 2,370 2,410 2,440 2,470 2,500 2,560 2,620 2,680 2,740 2,800 2,850 2,910 2,960 3,020 3,070 3,120 3,170 3,220 3,260 3,310 3,360

1,910 1,930 1,950 1,970 1,990 2,030 2,070 2,110 2,150 2,190 2,230 2,260 2,300 2,330 2,370 2,400 2,440 2,470 2,510 2,540 2,570 2,630 2,700 2,760 2,820 2,870 2,930 2,990 3,040 3,090 3,150 3,200 3,250 3,300 3,350 3,400 3,450

1,960 1,980 2,000 2,020 2,050 2,090 2,130 2,170 2,210 2,250 2,290 2,330 2,360 2,400 2,440 2,470 2,510 2,540 2,580 2,610 2,640 2,710 2,770 2,830 2,890 2,950 3,010 3,070 3,130 3,180 3,240 3,290 3,340 3,390 3,440 3,490 3,540

gpm

11 1

/4 1 /2 3 /4 12 1

/2

1

/2

1

/2

1

/2

1

/2

1

/2

1

/2

1

/2

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

45/16

1,610 1,630 1,650 1,670 1,690 1,720 1,750 1,790 1,820 1,850 1,880 1,910 1,940 1,970 2,000 2,030 2,060 2,090 2,120 2,140 2,170 2,220 2,280 2,330 2,380 2,430 2,480 2,530 2,580 2,620 2,670 2,710 2,750 2,790 2,830 2,870 2,910

1,660 1,680 1,700 1,720 1,730 1,770 1,800 1,840 1,870 1,910 1,940 1,970 2,000 2,030 2,060 2,090 2,120 2,150 2,180 2,210 2,240 2,290 2,350 2,400 2,450 2,500 2,550 2,600 2,650 2,700 2,740 2,790 2,830 2,880 2,920 2,960 3,000

NOTE: Flows are to the nearest 10 gpm. *Outlet pressure measured by Pitot-tube gauge.

1,710 1,730 1,750 1,760 1,780 1,820 1,850 1,890 1,930 1,960 1,990 2,030 2,060 2,090 2,120 2,150 2,180 2,210 2,240 2,270 2,300 2,360 2,420 2,470 2,520 2,580 2,630 2,680 2,730 2,770 2,820 2,870 2,920 2,960 3,000 3,040 3,080

1,760 1,780 1,800 1,820 1,840 1,870 1,910 1,950 1,980 2,020 2,050 2,090 2,120 2,150 2,180 2,220 2,250 2,280 2,310 2,340 2,370 2,430 2,490 2,540 2,600 2,650 2,700 2,750 2,800 2,850 2,900 2,950 3,000 3,040 3,090 3,140 3,180

FLOW TESTS

51

The calculations for converting flow as measured in a field test to flow available at a residual pressure of 20 psi (140 kPa) are as follows: 1. With the outlet-nozzle ID and the Pitot-tube gauge reading, use Table 6-1 to determine the flow. Example: Outlet-nozzle ID = 21/2 in. Pitot-tube gauge reading = 27 psi Outlet-nozzle coefficient = 0.9 (see Figure 6-3). From Table 6-1: Flow from the hydrant = 870 gpm. (Flows are listed to the nearest 10 gpm.) 2. Table 6-1 assumes an outlet-nozzle coefficient of 0.9. Use Eq 6-1 to calculate the adjusted flow for hydrants with a flow coefficient of less than 0.9 (see Figure 6-3). Generally, this is necessary only for older hydrants. actual nozzle coefficient Q f = Q m × ----------------------------------------------------------------------0.9

(6-1)

Where: Qf Qm

= =

the actual flow, in gpm the flow shown in Tables 6-1 and 6-2, in gpm

Example: Outlet-nozzle ID = 21/2 in. Pitot-gauge reading = 27 psi Outlet-nozzle coefficient = 0.8 Q f = 870 gpm × 0.8 ⁄ 0.9 = 773 The adjusted flow is 770 gpm. 3. Summarize the flow from each of the flowing hydrants. Example: Hydrant 1 = 770 gpm Hydrant 2 = 940 gpm Total flow = 770 + 940 = 1,710 gpm 4. Calculate the total flow available at a predetermined residual pressure. This predetermined pressure is that measured at the residual hydrant during the field test. h r0.54 Q r = Q f × -----------h 0.54 f

(6-2)

Where: Qr

=

Qf

=

the flow available at the desirable residual pressure, in gpm the sum of the flows from all hydrants (from step 2), in gpm

52

FIRE HYDRANTS

hr

hf

NOTE:

Table 6–3

=

the difference in pressure between the static pressure measured at the residual hydrant and the desired residual pressure, in lb/in.2 = the difference between the static pressure and the residual pressure measured at the residual hydrant, in lb/in.2 Table 6-3 is used to convert hr and hf to h r0.54 and h 0.54 . f

Equation and table for computing fire flow test results 0.54

QR = QF

hr × -----------h 0.54 f

Where: QR QF hr hf

= = = =

flow available at desired residual pressure flow during test pressure drop to desired residual pressure pressure drop during test Values of h to the 0.54 Power

h

h0.54

h

h0.54

h

h0.54

h

h0.54

h

h0.54

h

h0.54

h

h0.54

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1.00 1.45 1.81 2.11 2.39 2.63 2.86 3.07 3.28 3.47 3.65 3.83 4.00 4.16 4.32 4.47 4.62 4.76 4.90 5.04 5.18 5.31 5.44 5.56 5.69

26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

5.81 5.93 6.05 6.16 6.28 6.39 6.50 6.61 6.71 6.82 6.93 7.03 7.13 7.23 7.33 7.43 7.53 7.62 7.72 7.81 7.91 8.00 8.09 8.18 8.27

51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

8.36 8.44 8.53 8.62 8.71 8.79 8.88 8.96 9.04 9.12 9.21 9.29 9.37 9.45 9.53 9.61 9.69 9.76 9.84 9.92 9.99 10.07 10.14 10.22 10.29

76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

10.37 10.44 10.51 10.59 10.66 10.73 10.80 10.87 10.94 11.01 11.08 11.15 11.22 11.29 11.36 11.43 11.49 11.56 11.63 11.69 11.76 11.83 11.89 11.96 12.02

101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125

12.09 12.15 12.22 12.28 12.34 12.41 12.47 12.53 12.60 12.66 12.72 12.78 12.84 12.90 12.96 13.03 13.09 13.15 13.21 13.27 13.33 13.39 13.44 13.50 13.56

126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150

13.62 13.68 13.74 13.80 13.85 13.91 13.97 14.02 14.08 14.14 14.19 14.25 14.31 14.36 14.42 14.47 14.53 14.58 14.64 14.69 14.75 14.80 14.86 14.91 14.97

151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175

15.02 15.07 15.13 15.18 15.23 15.29 15.34 15.39 15.44 15.50 15.55 15.60 15.65 15.70 15.76 15.81 15.86 15.91 15.96 16.01 16.06 16.11 16.16 16.21 16.26

NOTE: Method of use: Insert in the equation the values of hr0.54 and h0.54 determined from the table, and the value of f QF, and solve the equation for QR.

FLOW TESTS

53

Example: Static pressure = 68 psi Residual pressure = 43 psi Total field flow = 1,710 gpm Desired residual pressure = 20 psi  ( 68 – 20 ) 0.54  48 0.54 8.09 - = 1,710  ----------- = 2,430 gpm = 1,710 Q R = 1,710 gpm  --------------------------------  --------------0.54 0.54  5.69 ( 68 – 43 ) 25     These calculations show that 2,430 gpm is available at the hydrant tested at a residual pressure of 20 psi.

Stable Pressure Determining the flow available is performed with the assumption that the system pressure at the water-supply source will remain relatively constant during the test. If the source pressure changes significantly during the test, a corresponding notation should be made on the test record and should be considered in evaluating the flowtest data. For additional information review Recommend Practice for Fire Flow Testing and Marking of Fire Hydrants, NFPA Standard 291.

Use of Pumper Outlets When it is necessary to use a pumper outlet and flow tubes (stream strengtheners) are not available, the best results are obtained with the velocity pressure maintained between 5 and 10 psi (34 and 70 kPa). For pumper outlets, the approximate discharge can be computed from the equation using the pitot gauge pressure at the center of the stream and multiplying the result by one of the coefficients in Table 6-4, depending on the pressure. These coefficients are applied in addition to the coefficient in equation 6-1 and are for average type hydrants.

Table 6–4

Table for pumper outlet coefficients Pressure, psi

Coefficient

2 3 4 5 6 7

0.97 0.92 0.89 0.86 0.84 0.83

NOTE: National Board of Fire Underwriters developed these pumper outlet coefficients.

This page intentionally blank

AWWA MANUAL

Appendix

M17

A Illustrated Guide to Dry-Barrel and Wet-Barrel Hydrant Nomenclature Appendix A contains drawings of many dry-barrel and wet-barrel fire hydrants currently available or in use. Accompanying each drawing is a parts list that gives the part names and numbers used by the manufacturer. Each manufacturer supplies a variety of hydrants, but because of limited space not all models or manufacturers may be included. For more information on a specific hydrant, the manufacturer should be contacted. The inclusion of any manufacturer or hydrant in this appendix is not to be construed as a recommendation by AWWA or the AWWA Standard Committee on Fire Hydrants; nor is the failure to include any manufacturer or hydrant to be construed as a comment on the quality or usability of units not included. Finally, because of differences in each make of hydrant, not all components are identical or comparable by term. Therefore, some hydrants have components for which there is no preferred term.

55

56

FIRE HYDRANTS

Dry-Barrel & Wet-Barrel Hydrants Included in App. A, Alphabetically by Manufacturer Manufacturer and Model(s) American AVK Company: Series 24: 2470, 2490 (wet-barrel) Series 2700 (dry-barrel) Series 2780 (dry-barrel)

American Flow Control: American Darling B62B-5 (dry-barrel) American Darling B84B-5 (dry-barrel) American Darling M73T-5 (dry-barrel)

Clow Valve Company: Medallion (dry-barrel) 850 (wet-barrel) 860 (wet-barrel) 950 (wet-barrel) 2050 (wet-barrel) 2060 (wet-barrel)

East Jordan Iron Works, Inc.: WaterMaster® 5-BR (dry-barrel) WaterMaster® 5BR250 (dry-barrel)

James Jones Company: 344HP (wet-barrel) J380 (wet-barrel) J3700+ (wet-barrel) J3761 (wet-barrel) J4040 (wet-barrel) J4060 (wet-barrel)

Kennedy Valve: Guardian K81-A (dry-barrel)

M&H Valve: Style 129 (dry-barrel)

Table continued next page.

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

57

Dry-Barrel & Wet-Barrel Hydrants Included in App. A, Alphabetically by Manufacturer (continued) Manufacturer and Model(s) Mueller Group: A415 (dry-barrel) IMP-PRT2 (dry-barrel) S-CENTPT (dry-barrel) STND-PRT (dry-barrel)

US Pipe & Foundry Company: Metroflow™ M03 (dry-barrel) Metropolitan™ 250 M-94 (dry-barrel) “S” Series (dry-barrel)

Waterous Company: WB67-250 (dry-barrel)

58

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: 2470, 2490 Manufacturer: American AVK Company Classification: Wet-barrel hydrant Part Number 19 22 23 24 25 28 31 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127

Part Name

Preferred Term

Hose Nozzle Cap Hose Nozzle O-Ring Nozzle Retaining Screw Chain Set Pumper Nozzle O-Ring Pumper Nozzle Cap Nozzle Section Washer Nozzle Section 2.5 in. Valve Stem 2.5 in. Valve Carrier Valve Carrier O-Ring 2.5 in. Valve Disc 2.5 in. Valve Retainer Slotted Nut Cotter Pin Outer Stem Nut O-Ring Stem Nut Inner Stem Nut O-Ring Dummy Nut Dummy Nut Retaining Bolt Stem Nut Retaining Screw Hose Nozzle Cap Gasket Hose Nozzle 4 in.-4.5 in.Valve Stem 4 in.-4.5 in.Valve Disc 4 in.-4.5 in.Valve Retainer Pumper Cap Gasket 4 in.-4.5 in.Valve Carrier Nozzle Section Bolt Wet Barrel Flange O-Ring Break Ring Nozzle Section Nut Pumper Nozzle Wet Barrel Flange Section

Outlet Nozzle Cap

Outlet Nozzle Cap Hydrant Head Stem Valve Carrier Valve Washer Valve Washer Retainer Retaining Nut Stuffing Box

Hose Outlet Nozzle Stem Valve Washer Valve Washer Retainer Valve Carrier

Pumper Outlet Nozzle

Series 2490 3 Outlet

American AVK Company: Series 24 (2470, 2490)

123

127

31

118

121

114

110

111

112

113

117

109

101

122

125

124

24

25

126

120

119

108

28

107

104

103

102

Series 2470 2 Outlet

105

106

116

115

19

22

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

59

60

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: 2700 Manufacturer: American AVK Company Classification: Dry-barrel hydrant Compression—open against pressure Dry top Traffic model Part Number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 15 16 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 46 49 50 51 53 54 55 56 57 58 60 61 62 64 67 71 75

Part Name Weathershield Bolt Weathershield Lock Plate Screw Lock Plate Inner Thrust Nut O-Ring Thrust Nut Outer Thrust Nut O-Ring Anti-Friction Washer Lubrication Hole Seal Operating Nut Stop Nut Stem Seal O-Rings Upper Stem Rod Barrel Gasket Hose Nozzle Cap Hose Nozzle Hose Nozzle Cap Gasket Hose Nozzle O-Ring Nozzle Retaining Screw Chain Set Pumper Nozzle O-Ring Pumper Nozzle Pumper Nozzle Gasket Pumper Nozzle Cap Nozzle Section Nozzle Section Bolt Nozzle Section Washer Lock Ring Breakable Flange Nozzle Section Nut Upper Barrel Coupler Pin Breakable Stem Rod Coupling Spring Pin Spider Spider Bolt Lower Stem Rod Standpipe Flange Lower Barrel Lower Barrel O-Ring Valve Seat O-Ring Valve Seat O-Ring Drain Ring Brass Plug Brass Fitting Main Valve Flange Stop Pin Main Valve Retaining Pin Main Valve Disc Base Gasket Stud Bolt Base Modern Nozzle Section Bolt Zerk Fitting

Preferred Term Weathershield

Operating Nut Stop Nut Stem Outlet Nozzle Cap Hose Outlet Nozzle

Pumper Outlet Nozzle Outlet Nozzle Cap Nozzle Section

Breakable Flange Upper Barrel Frangible Stem Coupling

Stem Lower Barrel

Seat Ring Insert Drain Outlet

Main Valve Base

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

1 2 9 5 6 7

3 4 8

28 27 26 23 24

25

See Detail "A"

41 49

21 19

75 10 11 15 29 17 31 71 16 35 30 31 34 36 37 38 39 40

32 67 See Detail "B" Rotated 20°

American AVK Company: Series 2700

22

20 Detail "A"

64 34 31 46 50 51 53 54 55 62

58 61 60

57 56

Detail "B"

61

62

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: 2780 Manufacturer: American AVK Company Classification: Dry-barrel hydrant Compression—open against pressure Dry top Traffic model Part Number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 14 15 16 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 36 37 38 39 40 41 46 49 50 51 53 54 55 56 57 58 60 61 62 64 67 75

Part Name Weathershield Bolt Weathershield Lock-Plate Screw Lock Plate Inner Thrust Nut O-Ring Thrust Nut Outer Thrust Nut O-Ring Antifriction Washer Lubrication Hole Seal Operating Nut Stop Nut Bonnet Stem Seal O-Rings Upper Stem Rod Barrel Gasket Hose Nozzle Cap Hose Nozzle Hose Nozzle Cap Gasket Hose Nozzle O-Ring Nozzle Retaining Screw Chain Set Pumper Nozzle O-Ring Pumper Nozzle Pumper Nozzle Gasket Pumper Nozzle Cap Nozzle Section Nozzle Section Bolt Nozzle Section Washer Lock Ring Breakable Flange Nozzle Section Nut Coupler Pin Breakable Stem Rod Coupling Spring Pin Spider Spider Bolt Lower Stem Rod Standpipe Flange Lower Barrel Lower Barrel O-Ring Valve Seat O-Ring Valve Seat O-Ring Drain Ring Brass Plug Brass Fitting Main Valve Flange Stop Pin Main Valve Retaining Pin Main Valve Disc Base Gasket Stud Bolt Base Zerk Fitting

Preferred Term Weathershield

Operating Nut Stop Nut Bonnet Stem Outlet Nozzle Cap Hose Outlet Nozzle

Pumper Outlet Nozzle Outlet Nozzle Cap Nozzle Section

Breakable Flange Frangible Stem Coupling

Stem Lower Barrel

Seat Ring Insert Drain Outlet

Main Valve Base

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

1 2 9 5 6 7 14 17 18 28

3 4 8 75 10 12 13

27 26 23 24 25

See Detail "A"

17 32

33

41 49

11 15 16 29 30 31 34

22 21 19

Detail "A"

57 56

39 40

32 67 See Detail "B" Rotated 20°

American AVK Company: Series 2780

64 34 31 46 50 51 53 54 55 62

58 61 60

36 37 38

20 24

Detail "B"

63

64

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: American Darling B62B-5 Manufacturer: American Flow Control Classification: Dry-barrel hydrant Compression—open against pressure Dry top Traffic model Part Number

Part Name

62-1 62-2-1 62-2-2 62-4-4 62-5-3 62-7-7 62-9 62-11-2 62-13 62-14 62-15 62-16 62-18-60 62-19-SR 62-20-60 62-20-61 62-20-62 62-21 62-22 62-23-1 62-23-18 62-25-60 62-25-61 62-25-62 62-26 62-27 62-29-14 62-29-15 62-29-16 62-29-30 62-29-31 62-30-03 62-30-04 62-30-06 62-30-07 62-30-11 62-30-12 62-31 62-35-OR 62-36-2 62-36-3 62-37-OR 62-38 62-38-1 62-38-6 62-39 62-39-9 62-40 62-41 62-42 62-46-5 62-144 62-145 62-146

Operating Nut Cover O-Ring Housing O-Ring Thrust Washer Pipe Plug Weather Cover Housing Cover Cover Cap Screws Cover Gasket Housing Gasket Housing Housing Bolts & Nuts Upper Barrel Lower Barrel Hose Nozzle Hose Nozzle Seal Hose Nozzle Retainer Hose Caps Hose Cap Gaskets Hose Cap Chain With S-Hook Pumper Cap Chain With S-Hook Pumper Nozzle Pumper Nozzle Seal Pumper Nozzle Retainer Pumper Cap Pumper Cap Gasket Snap Rings Breakable Flange Base Flange Rod Coupling Coupling & Cotter Pins Hydrant Spring Spring Plate Travel Stop Nut Spring Plate Pin Upper Rod Lower Rod Drain Lever Hydrant Seat Seat O-Ring Outside Seat O-Ring Inside Drain Ring Drain Ring Gasket Barrel Gasket Base Gasket Base Bolts & Nuts Barrel Bolts & Nuts Valve Top Hydrant Valve Valve Bottom Mechanical Joint Base Weather Shield Rod Sleeve Sleeve O-Rings

Preferred Term Operating Nut

Bonnet Packing Gland

Stuffing Box, Packing Plate Nozzle Section Lower Barrel Hose Outlet Nozzle Outlet-Nozzle Cap

Pumper Outlet Nozzle Outlet-Nozzle Cap Breakable Barrel Coupling Frangible Stem Coupling

Stop Nut Stem Stem Drain Valve Valve-seat Ring Seat-Ring Insert

Upper Valve Plate Main Valve Lower Valve Plate Base

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

American Flow Control: American Darling B62B-5

65

66

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: American Darling B84B-5 Manufacturer: American Flow Control Classification: Dry-barrel hydrant Compression—open against pressure Dry top Traffic model Part Number

Part Name

Preferred Term

84-1 84-2-1 84-2-2 84-4-4 84-5-3 84-7-7 84-9 84-11-2 84-13 84-14 84-15 84-16 84-18-60 84-19-SR 84-20-60 84-20-61 84-20-62 84-21 84-22 84-23-1 84-23-18 84-25-60 84-25-61 84-25-62 84-26 84-27 84-29-13 84-29-14 84-29-30 84-29-31 84-29-45 84-30-03 84-30-04 84-30-06 84-30-07 84-30-11 84-30-12 84-31 84-35-02 84-36-1 84-37 84-38 84-38-1 84-39 84-39-9 84-40 84-40-4 84-41 84-42 84-46-5 84-144 84-145 84-146

Operating Nut Cover O-Ring Housing O-Ring Thrust Washer Pipe Plug Weather Cover Housing Cover Cover Cap Screws Cover Gasket Housing Gasket Housing Housing Bolts & Nuts Upper Barrel Lower Barrel Hose Nozzle Hose Nozzle Seal Hose Nozzle Retainer Hose Caps Hose Cap Gaskets Hose Cap Chain With S-Hook Pumper Cap Chain With S-Hook Pumper Nozzle Pumper Nozzle Seal Pumper Nozzle Retainer Pumper Cap Pumper Cap Gasket Barrel Flanges Snap Rings Rod Coupling Coupling & Cotter Pins Breakable Flange Hydrant Spring Spring Plate Travel Stop Nut Spring Plate Pin Upper Rod Lower Rod Drain Lever Hydrant Seat Seat O-Rings Drain Ring Drain Ring Gaskets Barrel Gasket Base Bolts & Nuts Barrel Bolts & Nuts Valve Top Valve Top Cotter Pin Hydrant Valve Valve Bottom Mechanical Joint Base Weather Shield Rod Sleeve Sleeve O-Rings

Operating Nut

Bonnet Packing Gland

Stuffing Box, Packing Plate Nozzle Section Lower Barrel Hose Outlet Nozzle Outlet-Nozzle Cap

Pumper Outlet Nozzle Outlet-Nozzle Cap

Frangible Stem Coupling Breakable Barrel Coupling Stop Nut Stem Stem Drain Valve Valve-Seat Ring Seat-Ring Insert

Upper Valve Plate Main Valve Lower Valve Plate Base

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

American Flow Control: American Darling B84B-5

67

68

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: American Darling M73T-5 Manufacturer: American Flow Control Classification: Dry-barrel hydrant Compression—open against pressure Dry top Traffic model Part Number

Part Name

Preferred Term

73-1 73-2-1 73-2-2 73-4-4 73-5-3 73-7-7 73-9 73-11-2 73-13 73-14 73-15 73-16 73-18-60 73-19-SR 73-20-60 73-20-61 73-20-62 73-21 73-22 73-23-1 73-23-18 73-25-60 73-25-61 73-25-62 73-26 73-27 73-29-13 73-29-14 73-29-30 73-29-31 73-29-45 73-30-03 73-30-04 73-30-06 73-30-07 73-30-11 73-30-12 73-31 73-35-02 73-36-1 73-37 73-38 73-38-1 73-39 73-39-9 73-40 73-40-4 73-41 73-42 73-46-5 73-144 73-145 73-146

Operating Nut Cover O-Ring Housing O-Ring Thrust Washer Pipe Plug Weather Cover Housing Cover Cover Cap Screws Cover Gasket Housing Gasket Housing Housing Bolts & Nuts Upper Barrel Lower Barrel Hose Nozzle Hose Nozzle Seal Hose Nozzle Retainer Hose Caps Hose Cap Gaskets Hose Cap Chain With S-Hook Pumper Cap Chain With S-Hook Pumper Nozzle Pumper Nozzle Seal Pumper Nozzle Retainer Pumper Cap Pumper Cap Gasket Barrel Flanges Snap Rings Rod Coupling Coupling & Cotter Pins Breakable Flange Hydrant Spring Spring Plate Travel Stop Nut Spring Plate Pin Upper Rod Lower Rod Drain Lever Hydrant Seat Seat O-Rings Drain Ring Drain Ring Gaskets Barrel Gasket Base Bolts & Nuts Barrel Bolts & Nuts Valve Top Valve Top Cotter Pin Hydrant Valve Valve Bottom Mechanical Joint Base Weather Shield Rod Sleeve Sleeve O-Rings

Operating Nut

Bonnet Packing Gland

Stuffing Box, Packing Plate Nozzle Section Lower Barrel Hose Outlet Nozzle Outlet-nozzle Cap

Pumper Outlet Nozzle Outlet-nozzle Cap

Frangible Stem Coupling Breakable Barrel Coupling Stop Nut Stem Stem Drain Valve Valve-Seat Ring Seat-Ring Insert

Upper Valve Plate Main Valve Lower Valve Plate Base

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

American Flow Control: American Darling M73T-5

69

70

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: Medallion Manufacturer: Clow Valve Company Classification: Dry-barrel hydrant Part Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

Part Name Hex Head Bolt Weather Shield Thrust Nut Operating Nut Cover Stem Sleeve Cover O-Ring Hose Nozzle Hose Cap Upper Stem Nozzle Section Safety Coupling Cotter Pin Barrel Upper Flange Safety Flange Lower Stem Upper Valve Plate Upper Valve Plate Pin Lower Flange O-Ring Drain Ring O-Ring Seat Ring Valve Rubber Lower Valve Plate Operating Nut O-Ring Thrust Nut O-Ring Thrust Bearing Cover O-Ring Jam Nut (Optional) Upper Stem O-Ring Nozzle O-Ring Nozzle Cap Gasket Steamer Cap Steamer Nozzle Chain Safety Coupling Pin Hex Head Bolt Hex Nut Standpipe Upper Valve Plate Drain Slides Barrel Lower Flange Seat Ring O-Ring Drain Ring Seat Ring O-Ring Shoe

Preferred Term

Operating Nut Bonnet Bonnet O-Ring Hose Outlet Nozzle Outlet Nozzle Cap Stem Nozzle Section Frangible Stem Coupling Breakable Flange Stem Upper Valve Plate

Valve Seat Ring Main Valve Lower Valve Plate

Bonnet O-Ring

Outlet Nozzle Cap Pumper Outlet Nozzle

Lower Barrel

Seat Ring Insert Bottom

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

Clow Valve Company: Medallion

71

72

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: 850 Manufacturer: Clow Valve Company Classification: Wet-barrel hydrant Part Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Part Name

Preferred Term

21/2 in. Pro-Cap 21/2 in. Pro-Cap Gasket 21/2 in. Outlet 21/2 in. Outlet O-Ring 21/2 in. Outlet Stem Body Stem Sleeve O-Ring Stem Sleeve Stem Sleeve O-Ring 21/2 in. Carrier 21/2 in. Carrier O-Ring 21/2 in. Valve Seat 21/2 in. Retainer Retaining Nut Cotter Pin 4 or 41/2 in. Pro-Cap 4 or 41/2 in. Pro-Cap Gasket 4 or 41/2 in. Outlet 4 or 41/2 in. Outlet O-Ring 4 or 41/2 in. Stem 4 or 41/2 in. Carrier 4 or 41/2 in. Valve Seat 4 or 41/2 in. Retainer

Nozzle Cap Nozzle Cap Gasket Nozzle Nozzle O-Ring Stuffing Box O-Ring Stuffing Box Stuffing Box O-Ring

Nozzle Cap Nozzle Cap Gasket Nozzle Nozzle O-Ring

73

Clow Valve Company: 850

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

74

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: 860 Manufacturer: Clow Valve Company Classification: Wet-barrel hydrant Part Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Part Name

Preferred Term

Pro-Cap Pro-Cap Gasket Outlet

Outlet Nozzle Cap

Outlet O-Ring Stem Body Stem Sleeve O-Ring Stem Sleeve Stem Sleeve O-Ring Carrier Carrier O-Ring Valve Rubber Retainer Retaining Nut Cotter Pin Chain Assembly

Hose Outlet Nozzle or Pumper Outlet Nozzle Nozzle O-Ring Stuffing Box O-Ring Stuffing Box Stuffing Box O-Ring Valve Carrier Valve Washer Valve Washer Retainer

75

Clow Valve Company: 860

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

76

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: 950 Manufacturer: Clow Valve Company Classification: Wet-barrel hydrant Part Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Part Name

Preferred Term

Pro-Cap Pro-Cap Gasket Outlet

Outlet Nozzle Cap

Outlet O-Ring Stem Body Stem Sleeve O-Ring Stem Sleeve Stem Sleeve O-Ring Carrier Carrier O-Ring Valve Rubber Retainer Retaining Nut Cotter Pin Chain Assembly

Hose Outlet Nozzle or Pumper Outlet Nozzle Nozzle O-Ring Stuffing Box O-Ring Stuffing Box Stuffing Box O-Ring Valve Carrier Valve Washer Valve Washer Retainer

77

Clow Valve Company: 950

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

78

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: 2050 Manufacturer: Clow Valve Company Classification: Wet-barrel hydrant Part Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Part Name

Preferred Term

Pro-Cap Pro-Cap Gasket Outlet

Outlet Nozzle Cap

Outlet O-Ring Set Screw Stem Body Stem Sleeve O-Ring Stem Sleeve Stem Sleeve O-Ring Stem Nut Carrier Valve Rubber Retaining Nut Chain Assembly

Hose Outlet Nozzle or Pumper Outlet Nozzle Nozzle O-Ring

Stuffing Box O-Ring Stuffing Box Stuffing Box O-Ring Valve Carrier Valve Washer

79

Clow Valve Company: 2050

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

80

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: 2060 Manufacturer: Clow Valve Company Classification: Wet-barrel hydrant Part Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Part Name

Preferred Term

Pro-Cap Pro-Cap Gasket Outlet

Outlet Nozzle Cap

Outlet O-Ring Set Screw Stem Body Stem Sleeve O-Ring Stem Sleeve Stem Sleeve O-Ring Stem Nut Carrier Valve Rubber Retaining Nut Chain Assembly

Hose Outlet Nozzle or Pumper Outlet Nozzle Nozzle O-Ring

Stuffing Box O-Ring Stuffing Box Stuffing Box O-Ring Valve Carrier Valve Washer

81

Clow Valve Company: 2060

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

82

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: WaterMaster® 5-BR Manufacturer: East Jordan Iron Works, Inc. Classification: Dry-barrel hydrant Compression—open against pressure Dry top Traffic model Part Number 1-A 1-B 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12-A 12-B 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 34 35 36 37 38

Part Name

Preferred Term

Standpipe Lower Section Traffic Standpipe Upper Bottom Inlet Top Bonnet Drip Shut Off Valve Seat Valve Washer Hold Down Nut Operating Nut Pumper Nozzle Pumper Nozzle Cap Reservoir O-Rings Operating Stem Top 211/2 in. Operating Stem Lower Flange Bolt & Nut Swivel Flanges Flange Gaskets Seating Valve Inserts Pumper Nozzle Gasket Pumper Nozzle O-Ring Hose Nozzle O-Rings* Drive-Loc Pin Hose Nozzles* Hose Nozzle Caps* Hose Nozzle Gasket* Chains* Valve Seat O-Rings Weather Seal O-Ring Coupling Pin & Cotter Key Stem Coupling—Breakable Set Screw* Brass Liner Brass Collar Set Screw Thrust Washer

Lower Barrel Upper Barrel Base Nozzle Section Upper Valve Plate Valve Seat Ring Lower Valve Plate

* Not shown

Operating Nut Pumper Outlet Nozzle Outlet-Nozzle Cap Stem Stem Breakable Flange Main Valve Drain Valve

Hose Outlet Nozzle Outlet Nozzle Cap

Frangible Stem Coupling Seat Ring Insert

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

East Jordan Iron Works: WaterMaster® 5-BR

83

84

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: WaterMaster® 5BR250 Manufacturer: East Jordan Iron Works, Inc. Classification: Dry-barrel hydrant Compression—open against pressure Dry top Traffic model Part Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Part Name

Preferred Term

Operating Nut Hold Down Nut Weather Seal O-Ring Set Screw* Bonnet Thrust Washer Operating Stem Top 211/2 in. Hose Nozzle O-Rings* Hose Nozzles* Hose Nozzle Caps* Hose Nozzle Gasket* Pumper Nozzle O-Ring Pumper Nozzle Pumper Nozzle Gasket Pumper Nozzle Cap Pipe Plug Chains* Brass Collar Reservoir O-Rings Bonnet Bolts & Nuts Quad-Seal Ring Drive-Loc Pin Traffic Standpipe Upper Safety Flange Bolts & Nuts Swivel Flanges (Frangible) Coupling Pin & Cotter Key Stem Coupling (Frangible) Standpipe Lower Section Operating Stem Lower Drip Shut Off Inserts Valve Seat Bronze Liner Valve Seat O-Ring Inlet Flange O-Ring Drain Hole Bushing* Inlet Flange Bolts & Nuts* Seating Valve Rubber Valve Washer Bottom Inlet

Operating Nut

* Not shown

Nozzle Section Stem

Pumper Outlet Nozzle Outlet-Nozzle Cap

Upper Barrel Breakable Flange Frangible Stem Coupling Lower Barrel Stem Upper Valve Plate Drain Valve Valve Seat Ring Seat Ring Insert

Main Valve Lower Valve Plate Base

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

East Jordan Iron Works: WaterMaster® 5BR250

85

86

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: J344HP Manufacturer: James Jones Company Classification: Wet-barrel hydrant Part Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Part Name Hydrant Body Bonnet Retainer Nut Bonnet Packing Nut Pent Nut Pent Nut Retainer Stem Stem Locknut Disc Holder Sealing Disc Disc Retainer Hose Cap Gasket Hose Cap

87

James Jones Company: J344HP

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

88

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: J380 Manufacturer: James Jones Company Classification: Wet-barrel hydrant Part Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Part Name Hydrant Body Bonnet Packing Nut Handle Handle Retaining Nut Stem Disc Holder Sealing Disc Disc Retainer

89

James Jones Company: J380

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

90

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: J3700+ Manufacturer: James Jones Company Classification: Wet-barrel hydrant Part Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Part Name Hydrant Head Body Hydrant Spool Dome Cap Removable Nozzle Hose Caps Hydrant Stem Stem Locknut Beveled Hydrant Disc Hydrant Disc Locknut Stem Insert Pent Nut Pent Nut Retainer Hydrant Disc Holder Nozzle Gasket

91

James Jones Company: J3700+

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

92

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: J3761 Manufacturer: James Jones Company Classification: Wet-barrel hydrant Part Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Part Name Hydrant Body Hose Caps Hydrant Stem Stem Locknut Beveled Hydrant Disc Hydrant Disc Locknut Stem Insert Pent Nut Pent Nut Retainer Hydrant Disc Holder Nozzle Gasket

93

James Jones Company: J3761

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

94

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: J4040 Manufacturer: James Jones Company Classification: Wet-barrel hydrant Part Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Part Name Hydrant Body Hose Caps Stem Insert Pent Nut Nozzle Gasket Nozzle Inserts Beveled Hydrant Disc Hydrant Stem Stem Locknut Hydrant Disc Holder O-Rings Hydrant Disc Locknut Pent Nut Retainer

95

James Jones Company: J4040

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

96

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: J4060 Manufacturer: James Jones Company Classification: Wet-barrel hydrant Part Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Part Name Hydrant Body Nozzle Inserts Hose Caps Hydrant Stem Stem Locknut Beveled Hydrant Disc Hydrant Disc Locknut Stem Insert Pent Nut Pent Nut Retainer Hydrant Disc Holder Nozzle Gasket O-Rings

97

James Jones Company: J4060

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

98

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: Guardian K81-A Manufacturer: Kennedy Valve Classification: Dry-barrel hydrant Part Number

Part Name

K8101 K8102 K8103 K8104 K8105 K8106 K8107 K8108 K8109 K8110 K8111 K8112 K8114 K8115 K8116 K8117R K8118 K8119 K8120 K8121R K8122R K8123 K8124 K8125 K8126A K8127 K8128 K8129 K8130 K8131 K8132 K8133 K8134 K8135 K8136 K8137 K8139 K8140 K8141 K8142 K8143 K8144 K8145 K8146 K8147 K8148 K8149 K8150

Alemite Fitting Operating Stem Nut Dirt Shield Stem Lock Nut O-Ring Thrust Washer Hydrant Cap Cap Bolts & Nuts Cap Gasket Stem Ferrule O-Ring O-Ring Upper Stem Upper Barrel Stem Breaking Coupling Cotter Pin Bolts & Nuts Breaking Ring O-Ring Bridge Pin Clevis Pins Lower Stem Lower Barrel Elbow Gasket O-Ring Seat Ring Insert Seat Ring Drain Tube O-Ring Main Valve Bottom Plate Drain Valve Pin Elbow Elbow Bolts & Nuts Drain Valve Drain Valve Facing With Insert Nozzle Cap Chain Nozzle Chain Band Nozzle Retaining Screw Nozzle Nozzle Cap Gasket Nozzle Cap O-Ring Allen Head Set Screw Seat Removal Wrench Nozzle Removal Tools Collision Repair Kit Grade Extension Kit

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

Kennedy Valve: Guardian K81-A

99

100

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: Style 129 Manufacturer: M&H Valve Classification: Dry-barrel hydrant Part Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49

Part Name Weather Shield Weather Shield Bolt and Oil Fill Plug Operating Nut Holddown Nut O-Ring Holddown Nut Thrust Washer Bonnet Bonnet Bolts Bonnet Nuts Bonnet/Nozzle O-Ring Bonnet/Stem O-Ring Hose Nozzle Cap Pumper Nozzle Cap Hose Nozzle Pumper Nozzle Upper Stem Assembly Pumper Nozzle Cap Gasket Hose Nozzle Cap Gasket Seat Ring O-Ring (Retainer Ring) Safety Stem Coupling Chain Retaining Clip Clevis Pin Safety Flange Bolts Safety Flange Nuts Stem Sleeve O-Ring Lower Stem Safety Flange Drain Valve Facing Stand Pipe Upper Flange Stand Pipe Lower Flange Stand Pipe Seat Ring Upper O-Ring Upper Valve Plate Pumper Nozzle O-Ring Lower Stem Pin Seat Ring Shoe Bolts & Nuts Seat Ring Lower O-Ring Main Valve Seat Drain Hole Bushings Lower Valve Plate Lower Valve Plate Lockwasher Hose Nozzle O-Ring Top Plate Rivets Shoe Nozzle Section Retainer Ring, Shoe Set Screw, Hose Outlet

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

M&H Valve: Style 129

101

102

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: A415 Manufacturer: Mueller Group Classification: Dry-barrel hydrant Part Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

Part Name Flush Box Lid (Nonlocking) Lift Handle Lift Handle Nut Flush Box Pumper Nozzle Cap Pumper Nozzle Gasket Pumper Nozzle Hose Nozzle Cap Hose Nozzle Gasket Hose Nozzle Oil Screw for Operating Nut Operating Nut Oil Screw in Hold Down Nut Hold Down Nut Upper Barrel Hold Down Nut O-Ring O-Ring Seal Cap Screw Barrel Flange Gasket Lower Barrel Stem Upper Valve Plate Drain Valve Facing Drain Valve Facing Screw Seat Ring Show Bolt & Nut Stem Pin Main Valve Lower Valve Plate Valve Plate Nut Cap Nut Seal Lock Washer Drain Ring Drain Ring Housing Shoe Pumper Nozzle O-Ring Hose Nozzle O-Ring Nozzle Lock Chain Hook Chain Top Seat O-Ring Bottom Seat O-Ring Drain Ring O-Ring

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

1

9 8 14 11 12 13 1 5 2 3

16 39 38

6 41 40 18 19 42

44 35

7 37 39 4 17 10 15 21 20 28 24 23 22 26 25 34 43

32 29 30 33 31 36

Mueller Group: A415

103

104

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: IMP-PRT2 Manufacturer: Mueller Group Classification: Dry-barrel hydrant Part Number 51 52 53 59 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 76 77 78 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 96 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 125 136 137

Part Name Operating Nut Weather Cap Hold Down Nut Bonnet Gasket Bonnet Bolt Pumper Nozzle Pumper Nozzle Cap Pumper Nozzle Gasket Nozzle Cap Chain Hose Nozzle Hose Nozzle Cap Hose Nozzle Gasket Upper Barrel Safety Flange Gasket Safety Flange Safety Flange Bolt Lower Barrel Drain Valve Facing Drain Valve Facing Screw Upper Valve Plate Shoe Gasket Shoe Bolt Metallic Gasket Seat Ring Main Valve Lower Valve Plate Valve Plate Nut Cap Nut Shoe O-Ring Packing Hydrant Lubricating Oil (Not Shown) Oil Filler Plug Bonnet Bonnet O-Ring Hold Down Nut O-Ring Lock Washer Upper Stem Lower Stem Safety Stem Coupling Clevis Pins Cotter Pins

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

102 51 52 101 100 53 98 99 59 65 93 66 67 70 68 71 72 69 73 103 136 125 78 76 77 137 104 80 81 82 83 84 82 87 86 88 89 90 91 92

Mueller Group: IMP-PRT2

105

106

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: S-CENTPT Manufacturer: Mueller Group Classification: Dry-barrel hydrant Part Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 84 85

Part Name Operating Nut Weather Cap (Not Shown) Hold Down Nut O-Ring Hold Down Nut (Not Shown) Bonnet O-Ring Antifriction Washer Oil Plug Bonnet Bonnet Bolt & Nut Bonnet O-Ring Upper Stem Stem O-Ring Nozzle Lock Pumper Nozzle Pumper Nozzle Gasket Pumper Nozzle O-Ring Pumper Nozzle Cap Hose Nozzle Hose Nozzle Gasket Hose Nozzle O-Ring Hose Nozzle Cap Cap Chain Chain Ring Upper Barrel Less Nozzles Safety Coupling Safety Flange Bolt & Nut Safety Flange O-Ring Safety Flange Cotter Pin Clevis Pin Lower Stem Lower Barrel Stem Pin Drain Valve Facing Drain Valve Screw Upper Valve Plate (Includes 34 & 35) Shoe Bolt & Nut Drain Ring Housing O-Ring Seat Ring Top O-Ring Drain Ring Housing Drain Ring Housing Bolt & Nut (Not Shown) Drain Ring Seat Ring Seat Ring Bottom O-Ring Reversible Main Valve Lower Valve Plate Cap Nut Seal Lock Washer Lower Valve Plate Nut Shoe Hold Down Nut Weather Seal 10.5 oz. Hydrant Lubricating Oil (Not Shown)

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

Mueller Group: S-CENTPT

107

108

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: STND-PRT Manufacturer: Mueller Group Classification: Dry-barrel hydrant Part Number 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 24 25 31 33 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

Part Name Oil Screw For Operating Nut Operating Nut Hold Down Nut Bonnet O-Ring Bonnet Gasket Hose Nozzle Cap Hose Nozzle Pumper Nozzle Pumper Nozzle Cap Pumper Nozzle Gasket Stem Drain Valve Screw Upper Valve Plate Drain Valve Facing Shoe Gasket Main Valve Shoe Valve Plate Nut Lower Valve Plate Hose Nozzle Gasket Seat Ring Metallic Gasket Oil Screw for Hold Down Nut Bonnet Bolt & Nut Nozzle Cap Chain Barrel Flange Bolt & Nut Gasket For Barrel Flange Shoe Bolt & Nut Upper Barrel Lower Barrel O-Ring Cap Nut (For 5-1/4 in. Only)

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

31 1 2 6 3 42 5 33 7 8 9 23 10 11 12 36 40 37 38 41 13 14 15 16 39 17 24 25 18 21 20 19 43

Mueller Group: STND-PRT

109

110

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: Metroflow™ M03 Manufacturer: US Pipe & Foundry Company Classification: Dry-barrel hydrant Part Number 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 84 85

Part Name

Preferred Term

Operating Nut Hold Down Nut O-Ring Bonnet O-Ring Antifriction Washer Oil Plug Bonnet Bonnet Bolts & Nuts Bonnet O-Ring Upper Rod Upper Rod O-Ring Nozzle Lock Key Pumper Nozzle Pumper Nozzle Gasket Pumper Nozzle O-Ring Pumper Nozzle Cap Hose Nozzle Hose Nozzle Gasket Hose Nozzle O-Ring Hose Nozzle Cap Cap Chain Chain Ring Standpipe Upper Safety Coupling Safety Flange Bolts & Nuts Safety Flange O-Ring Safety Flange Cotter Pin Clevis Pin Lower Rod Standpipe Lower (Specify Bury) Stem Pin Drain Valve Facing Drain Valve Screw Valve Top Plate Elbow & D.R.H. Bolts & Nuts Drain Ring Housing O-Ring Seat Ring O-Ring (Top) Drain Ring Housing Drain Ring Seat Ring Seat Ring O-Ring (Bottom) Main Valve Valve Bottom Plate Cap Nut Seal Lock Washer Valve Bottom Plate Nut Elbow Lubricant (In Chamber) Hold Down Nut Weather Seal

Operating Nut

Bonnet Stem Pumper Outlet Nozzle

Hose Outlet Nozzle Outlet Nozzle Cap Nozzle Section Frangible Stem Coupling Breakable Flange Stem Lower Barrel Drain Valve Upper Valve Plate

Seat Ring Insert Valve Seat Ring Main Valve Lower Valve Plate

Base Stop Nut Weather Shield

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

85

1

3 84 5

14

6

8

7

9

10

51

13

11

15

12

16

18 19 20

17

21 33

23 24 22 25 26 30 27

28

31 32 29

33 34 35

43

36 37 38 39 40

44 42 45 46 47 48 50

US Pipe & Foundry Company: Metroflow™ M03

49

111

112

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: Metropolitan™ 250 M-94 Manufacturer: US Pipe & Foundry Company Classification: Dry-barrel hydrant Part Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 37 38 39 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49

Part Name

Preferred Term

Operating Nut Operating Nut Seal Operating Nut Locking Pin Lubricant (In Chamber) Travel Stop Nut Hold Down Nut Hold Down Nut Screw Bonnet (Specify Direction) Bonnet Locking Screw Bonnet Seal O-Ring Bonnet-Revolving Nut O-Rings Revolving Nut (Specify Direction) Inner Revolving Nut O-Rings Pumper Nozzle Pumper Nozzle Cap Gasket Pumper Nozzle Cap Pumper Nozzle Gasket Hose Nozzle Hose Nozzle Cap Gasket Hose Nozzle Cap Hose nozzle Gasket Chain Assembly Rod Upper (Specify Direction) Including Sheath With UL O-Ring Rod Pin–Shear Proof Standpipe Upper (Specify V.O.) Rod Coupling (Frangible) Coupling Retaining Rings Rod Coupling Pins Standpipe Coupling Seal Sp. Coupling Halves (Frangible) Standpipe Coupling Bolt & Nut Valve Rod Lower (Specify Bury) Standpipe Lower (Specify Bury) Top Plate Pin–Shear Proof Valve Top Plate (Specify V.O.) Elbow Locking Key O-Ring Gasket Drain Valve Facing Seat Ring (Specify V.O.) Seat Ring O-Ring Main Valve Valve Bottom Plate Elbow, Including Sub-seat Drain Hole Liner Antifriction Bearing Nozzle Wedge Lock Dampener

Operating Nut

Stop Nut Bonnet

Stem Nut Pumper Outlet Nozzle Outlet Nozzle Cap Hose Outlet Nozzle

Stem Nozzle Section Frangible Stem Coupling

Breakable Barrel Coupling Stem Lower Barrel

Drain Valve Valve Seat Ring Main Valve Lower Valve Plate Base

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

4

1

2 3 6 8

7 12

5

11

47

10

9 24

13 14

22 19

15 16 17 18

20

21

23

25

26 29 30 USP

31 27 28 49

33

32

34 39

35

37 42

38 43

44 46

US Pipe & Foundry Company: Metropolitan™ 250 M-94

45

113

114

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: “S” Series Manufacturer: US Pipe & Foundry Company Classification: Dry-barrel hydrant Part Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 57 58

Part Name

Preferred Term

Elbow Mechanical Joint End O-Ring Seal Plate Seal Plate O-Ring Hold Down Nut O-Ring Bonnet Hose Nozzle Cap Pumper Nozzle Cap Valve Bottom Plate Valve Seat Ring Operating Nut (Yoke Stem Nut) Drip Cup Drip Rod Guide Drip Rod Upper Extension Drip Rod Lower Extension Drip Rod Upper Extension Nut Wrench Guide Set Screw Hold Down Nut Screw Cross bar Hold Down Nut Wrench Guide Set Screw Main Valve Rod Bottom Cap Nut Extension Stem Shear Pin Spring Washer Valve Rod Spring Main Rod Sleeve Upper Gasket Bottom Cap Nut Gasket Key Pin for Valve Rod Drip Rod Cross Bar Screw Cross Bar Screw Lock Nut Elbow Bolt and Nut Seal Plate Bolt and Nut Bonnet Bolt and Nut Hose Nozzle Pumper Nozzle Hose Nozzle Gasket Pumper Nozzle Gasket Valve Seat Ring Gasket Drip Cup Washer Nozzle Cap Chain and Bail Rings Seal Plate Gasket Elbow Gasket Standpipe Coupling Socket Head Cap Standpipe Coupling Main Rod Coupling Main Rod Coupling Pins Main Rod Coupling Springs Standpipe Middle O-Ring Standpipe Upper Nozzle Section Standpipe Lower Section Main Valve Rod Upper Section Main Valve Rod Lower Section Valve Top Plate Drain Hole Liner

Base

Bonnet Outlet Nozzle Cap Outlet Nozzle Cap Lower Valve Plate Valve Seat Ring Operating Nut

Hose Outlet Nozzle Pumper Outlet Nozzle Main Valve

Breakable Barrel Coupling Frangible Stem Coupling

Nozzle Section Lower Barrel Stem Stem Upper Valve Plate Drain Outlet

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

10

4

22

17

19

3

2

43

5 12 34 33 30 31

13 15 18

37

6

23 24 25

35

7

36 38

53 51

42 48 49 45 46

50 47 54

29

52 26

16 20

57

14

9

41

40

44

32

11 58

28

39 8

1

27 21

US Pipe & Foundry Company: “S” Series

115

116

FIRE HYDRANTS

Model: WB67-250 Manufacturer: Waterous Company Classification: Dry-barrel hydrant Compression—open against pressure Dry top Traffic model Part Number 3 5 6 6A 6A 6C 7 8 10 11 12 16 17A 17B 25 29 30 31 34 35 36 37 40 54 56 57 59 60 61 61 62B 63 64 67 71 72 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 92 113

Part Name O-Ring Packing Flange Gasket Hex HD Bolt 5/8-11 × 3-in. Hex HD Bolt 5/8-11 × 33/4-in. Hex HD Bolt 5/8-11 × 3-in. Hex Nut 5/8-11 Drain plunger Cotter pin 1/4 in. by 11/2 in. Nozzle Cap (Hose or Pumper) Cap Gasket Nozzle (Hose or Pumper) Flat HD Screw 1/4-20 × 1/2-in. Operating Nut–Lower Operating Nut–Upper Valve-Rod Bushing Standpipe Crossarm Valve Seat Upper Valve Washer Main Valve Lower Valve Washer Hydrant Bottom Upper Standpipe Drain Bushing Support O-Ring Packing O-Ring Packing Nozzle Section Bury Depth Plate Bury Depth Plate Washer Upper Standpipe Flange Standpipe Flange Flange Lock Ring Coupling Sleeve (Two Halves) Upper Rod Assembly Lower Rod Groove Pin 3/32 in. × 7/16 in. Upper Tube Seal Lower Tube Seal Support Gasket Support Tube Stop Nut Coupling Nut Coupling Stud Operating-Nut Bushing Thrust Ring Upper Standpipe Gasket Breakable Flange

Preferred Term

Drain Valve Outlet Nozzle Cap Outlet Nozzle Stem Nut Operating Nut Lower Barrel Valve Seat Ring Upper Valve Plate Main Valve Lower Valve Plate Base Upper Barrel Drain Outlet Packing Plate Nozzle Section

Frangible Stem Coupling Stem Stem

Stop Nut

Breakable Flange

APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HYDRANT NOMENCLATURE

Waterous Company: WB67-250

117

118

FIRE HYDRANTS

Bibliography Fire Flow Tests: Discharge Tables for Circular Outlets Friction Losses in Pipes. 1981. NFPA, Quincy, Mass. Form and Procedures for Fire Flow Tests. 1976. Jour. AWWA, 68:5:264. Guidance Manual for Disposal of Chlorinated Water. 2001. AwwaRF, Denver, Colo. Recommended Practice for Fire Flow Testing and Marketing of Hydrants. 2002. NFPA Standard 291. NFPA, Quincy, Mass. Simplified Water Supply Testing. 6th Ed. 1982. Alliance of Amer. Insurers, Schaumberg, Ill. Standard for Dry-Barrel Fire Hydrants. AWWA Standard C502. AWWA, Denver, Colo.

Standard for Wet-Barrel Fire Hydrants. AWWA Standard C503. AWWA, Denver, Colo. Standard for Installation of Ductile-Iron Water Mains and Their Appurtenances. AWWA Standard C600. AWWA, Denver, Colo. Supply Testing for Fire Department and Insurance. Amer. Insurance Assn. New York, N.Y. Sweitzer, R.J. 1958. Basic Water Works Manual. Amer. Concrete Pressure Pipe Assn., Vienna, Va. Water Transmission and Distribution. Principles and Practices of Water Supply Operations, Third Edition. 2004. AWWA, Denver, Colo.

Index NOTE: f. indicates a figure; n. indicates note; t. indicates a table. Drain bushing, 16 cup, 16 outlet, 16, 26 ring, 15 valve, 16 Drainage tests (dry-barrel hydrants), 28 Drain-hole liner, 16 Drip tubing, 16 Dry-barrel hydrants, 5 auxiliary components, 16 basis for name, 5 component nomenclature, 11–16, 12f., 13f. compression type, 5, 6f., 7f. construction terminology, 10 drainage, 26 drainage tests, 28 early, 2, 3f. flush type, 2, 4, 7 frost-jacket type, 7 high-pressure pilot-valve type, 9 high-pressure type, 8 inspection, 30–32 installation, 23f. installation terminology, 10–11 with large valve openings, 4 post type, 2–3, 4, 10 slide-gate type, 6, 9f. standard (ANSI/AWWA C502), 8, 8n. toggle type, 6, 8f. traffic model, 4, 10, 34–35 and valves, 2, 3f. See also American AVK Company, American Flow Control, Clow Valve Company, East Jordan Iron Works, James Jones Company, Kennedy Valve, M&H Valve, Mueller Group, US Pipe & Foundry Company, Waterous Company for specific models Dry-top hydrants, 10

American AVK Company, 56 Series 24 (2470, 2490), 58, 59f. Series 2700, 60, 61f. Series 2780, 62, 63f. American Flow Control, 56 American Darling B62B-5, 64, 65f. American Darling B84B-5, 66, 67f. American Darling M73T-5, 68, 69f. ANSI/AWWA C502, 8, 8n. ANSI/AWWA C503, 8, 8n. ANSI/AWWA C600, 22 ANSI/AWWA C651–C654, 46 Auxiliary valve, 10, 18, 22 Backflow-prevention devices, 16 Ball hydrants, 2, 3f. Barrel, 19, 19f. Base, 16 Body, 19, 19f. head, 19 Bonnet, 12f., 13f., 14 Boot, 16 Bottom, 16 plate, 15 Breakable barrel coupling, 15 Breakable bolt, 12f., 13f., 15 Breakable coupling, 15 Breakable flange, 12f., 13f., 15 Breakaway flange, 15 Bury defined, 10, 18 section, 19, 19f. Carrier, 19 Clow Valve Company, 56 Medallion, 70, 71f. Model 850, 72, 73f. Model 860, 74, 75f. Model 950, 76, 77f. Model 2050, 78, 79f. Model 2060, 80, 81f. Color scheme to indicate flow capacity, 26, 27t. Compression-type hydrants, 5, 6f., 7f. Cover, 11, 14, 18

East Jordan Iron Works, 56 WaterMaster 5-BR, 82, 83f. WaterMaster 5BR250, 84, 85f. Elbow, 16 Fire hydrants defined, 5 history, 1–4 placement from curb, 22

Direction to open, 10, 17 Disc, 20 holder, 19 retaining nut, 20 Disinfection, 26–27

119

120

FIRE HYDRANTS

predecessors in early distribution systems, 1–2 tamperproof, 4 See also Ball hydrants, Compression-type hydrants, Dry-barrel hydrants, Drytop hydrants, Flow hydrants, Flush hydrants, Frost-jacket hydrants, High-pressure hydrants, Highpressure pilot-valve hydrants, Inspection, Installation, No-drain hydrants, Placing in service, Post hydrants, Slide-gate hydrants, Testing, Toggle hydrants, Traffic model, Wet-barrel hydrants, Wet-top hydrants Fire plugs, 1, 2 and cisterns, 2, 3f. Flow hydrants, 41 Flow tests, 41 avoiding rigid diverters, 46 cautions, 45 dechlorination of discharge water, 45–46 determining available flow, 46–53, 47t.–48t., 49t.–50t., 52t. equipment, 42–43 field procedure, 44–45, 44f. pre-planning, 43, 43f. and pumper outlets, 53, 53t. report, 35, 39f. and stable pressure, 53 terminology, 41 Flush hydrants, 2, 4, 7 Frangible bolt, 15 Frangible standpipe coupling, 15 Frangible stem coupling, 12f., 13f., 15 Frangible valve-rod coupling, 15 Frost jacket, defined, 10 Frost-jacket hydrants, 7 Gate, 16 Gland bushing, 14 Ground line, 11, 18, 19f. Higbee cut, 16, 20 High-pressure hydrants, 8, 17 High-pressure pilot-valve hydrants, 9 Hose cap, 20 connection, 10, 18 gate, 10, 14, 18 outlet nozzles, 12f., 13f., 14, 20 valve, 14 valve nozzle, 20 Hydrant cap, 14 Hydrant control valve, 10 Hydrant gate, 10, 11, 18 Hydrant head, 19, 19f. Hydrant lead, 11, 18, 26 Hydrant meters, 16 Hydrant-valve top, 15

Independently gated outlets, 16 Insert, 20 ring, 15 Inspection as part of maintenance, 30–32 pre-installation, 21–22 Installation, 22 dry-barrel hydrants, 23f. recommendations, 22–27 standard (ANSI/AWWA C600), 22 wet-barrel hydrants, 24f. James Jones Company, 56 Model 4060, 96, 97f. Model J344HP, 86, 87f. Model J380, 88, 89f. Model J3700+, 90, 91f. Model J3761, 92, 93f. Model J4040, 94, 95f. Kennedy Valve, 56 Guardian K81-A, 98, 99f. Leak testing, 21–22, 27 Lower barrel, 12f., 13f., 15 Lower body, 19 Lower bury ell, 19f., 20 Lower cap nut, 15 Lower rod, 11 Lower valve plate, 15 Lower valve washer, 15 M&H Valve, 56 Style 129, 100, 101f. Main gate, 16 Main valve, 15 opening, 10 Maintenance, 29 and adequate fire flow, 29 adjusting hydrant height, 35 inspection (dry-barrel hydrants), 30–32, 35, 38f. inspection (wet-barrel hydrants), 30–31, 32, 35, 38f. lubrication, 33 master record, 35, 36f. packing replacement, 34 record keeping, 35, 36f.–40f. repairs, 33–35 report form, 35, 37f. and special or unauthorized uses, 29–30 traffic-model repair, 34 Midsection, 20 Mueller Group, 57 A415, 102, 103f. IMP-PRT2, 104, 105f. S-CENTPT, 106, 107f. STND-PRT, 108, 109f.

INDEX

NFPA 291, 26 No-drain hydrants, 10 Nozzle, 14 Nozzle section, 12f., 13f., 14, 15 Nut, 20 Operating nut, 11, 12f., 13f., 19f. Operating stem nut, 11 Outlet, 20 Outlet nozzles, 12f., 13f., 14, 22 caps, 12f., 13f., 14, 20 coefficients, 44, 44f. Packing box, 14 Packing gland, 12f., 14 Packing plate, 12f., 14 Packing pusher, 14 Packing replacement, 34 Pipe connection, 10, 18 Pitot pressure, 41 Pitot tubes, 41, 42f. Placing in service, 28 Post hydrants, 2–3, 4, 18 defined, 10 Pressure tests, 21–22 at main pressure, 27–28 at pressures above main pressure, 28 Pro-cap, 20 Protection cover, 10 Pumper connection, 10, 14, 16, 18, 20 nozzle, 14 outlet nozzles, 12f., 13f., 14, 20, 22 outlet nozzles and flow tests, 53, 53t. Residual pressure, 41 Retainer, 20 ring, 15 Retaining nut, 19f., 20 Revolving nut, 11 Riser, 19f., 20 Rod coupling, 15 Seal plate, 14 Seat, 20 ring, 15, 20 ring insert, 15 Shoe, 16 Slide-gate hydrants, 6, 9f. Slotted nut, 20 Spool, 19 Spud, 14 Standards, 8, 8n., 11, 18, 22, 26, 46 Standpipes, 2, 3f., 15, 20 Static pressure, 41 Steamer connection, 14, 16, 20 nozzle, 14

Stem, 11, 12f., 19, 19f. bushing, 20 coupling, 15 guide, 20 nut, 11 sleeve, 20 stop, 14 Stop nut, 14 Stuffing box, 12f., 14, 19f., 20 Subseat, 15 Support ring, 14 Testing hydrant test report, 35, 40f. See also Drainage tests (dry-barrel hydrants), Flow tests, Leak testing, Pressure tests Thrust restraint, 22, 25f., 26 Toggle hydrants, 6, 8f. Top plate, 15 Top section, 19, 19f. Traffic flange, 15 Traffic model, 4 defined, 10 repair, 34 Travel-stop nut, 14 Trench, 11, 18 Upper barrel, 12f., 13f., 14, 15 Upper rod, 11 Upper standpipe, 14, 15 Upper valve plate, 15 washer, 15 US Pipe & Foundry Company, 57 Metroflow M03, 110, 111f. Metropolitan 250 M-94, 112, 113f. “S” Series, 114, 115f. Valve, 15 carrier, 19, 19f. disc, 15 gasket, 15 insert, 20 opening, 18 plate, 15 rubber, 15, 20 seat, 15, 20 seat ring, 15 stem, 19 top plate, 15 washer, 19f., 20 washer retainer, 19f., 20 Valve ball bottom, 15 rubber, 15 top, 15

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FIRE HYDRANTS

Waterous Company, 57 Model WB67–250, 116, 117f. Weather shield (cap), 11, 12f., 13f. Wet-barrel hydrants, 4, 17 See also American AVK Company, Clow Valve Company, James Jones Company for specific models component terminology, 18–20, 19f. construction terminology, 17–18 high-pressure type, 17 inspection, 30–31, 32 installation terminology, 18 installation, 24f. standard (ANSI/AWWA C503), 8, 8n. Wet-top hydrants, 10

AWWA Manuals M1,

M2, M3, M4,

M5, M6,

M7,

M9, M11,

M12,

M14,

M17,

M19,

M21, M22,

M23, M24, M25,

M27,

M28,

Principles of Water Rates, Fees, and Charges, Fifth Edition, 2000, #30001PA Instrumentation and Control, Third Edition, 2001, #30002PA Safety Practices for Water Utilities, Sixth Edition, 2002, #30003PA Water Fluoridation Principles and Practices, Fifth Edition, 2004, #30004PA Water Utility Management Practices, Second Edition, 2006, #30005PA Water Meters—Selection, Installation, Testing, and Maintenance, Second Edition, 1999, #30006PA Problem Organisms in Water: Identification and Treatment, Third Edition, 2004, #30007PA Concrete Pressure Pipe, Second Edition, 1995, #30009PA Steel Pipe—A Guide for Design and Installation, Fifth Edition, 2004, #30011PA Simplified Procedures for Water Examination, Third Edition, 2002, #30012PA Recommended Practice for Backflow Prevention and Cross-Connection Control, Third Edition, 2003, #30014PA Installation, Field Testing, and Maintenance of Fire Hydrants, Fourth Edition, 2006, #30017PA Emergency Planning for Water Utility Management, Fourth Edition, 2001, #30019PA Groundwater, Third Edition, 2003, #30021PA Sizing Water Service Lines and Meters, Second Edition, 2004, #30022PA PVC Pipe—Design and Installation, Second Edition, 2003, #30023PA Dual Water Systems, Second Edition, 1994, #30024PA Flexible-Membrane Covers and Linings for Potable-Water Reservoirs, Third Edition, 2000, #30025PA External Corrosion—Introduction to Chemistry and Control, Second Edition, 2004, #30027PA Rehabilitation of Water Mains, Second Edition, 2001, #30028PA

M29, Water Utility Capital Financing, Second Edition, 1998, #30029PA M30, Precoat Filtration, Second Edition, 1995, #30030PA M31, Distribution System Requirements for Fire Protection, Third Edition, 1998, #30031PA M32, Distribution Network Analysis for Water Utilities, Second Edition, 2005, #30032PA M33, Flowmeters in Water Supply, Second Edition, 1997, #30033PA M36, Water Audits and Leak Detection, Second Edition, 1999, #30036PA M37, Operational Control of Coagulation and Filtration Processes, Second Edition, 2000, #30037PA M38, Electrodialysis and Electrodialysis Reversal, First Edition, 1995, #30038PA M41, Ductile-Iron Pipe and Fittings, Second Edition, 2003, #30041PA M42, Steel Water-Storage Tanks, First Edition, 1998, #30042PA M44, Distribution Valves: Selection, Installation, Field Testing, and Maintenance, First Edition, 1996, #30044PA M45, Fiberglass Pipe Design, Second Edition, 2005, #30045PA M46, Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration, First Edition, 1999, #30046PA M47, Construction Contract Administration, First Edition, 1996, #30047PA M48, Waterborne Pathogens, Second Edition, 2006, #30048PA M49, Butterfly Valves: Torque, Head Loss, and Cavitation Analysis, First Edition, 2001, #30049PA M50, Water Resources Planning, First Edition, 2001, #30050PA M51, Air-Release, Air/Vacuum, and Combination Air Valves, First Edition, 2001, #30051PA M52, Water Conservation Programs—A Planning Manual, First Edition, 2006, #30052PA M53, Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Membranes for Drinking Water, First Edition, 2005, #30053PA M54, Developing Rates for Small Systems, First Edition, 2004, #30054PA M55, PE Pipe—Design and Installation, First Edition, 2006, #30055PA

To order any of these manuals or other AWWA publications, call the Bookstore toll-free at 1-(800)-926-7337.

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