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_gvjsth mg Imieticidjh mh Wejvgrsjmhmg Bjmhmg mg Râi ^huci ?>8>0 ??(?)6 8=4-72, khj-hdi

HQWCRÂI MGE]È_JH6 ^_I^IR]H MG ]_H]HKGE]I G _GQJRÂI MH CJ]G_H]W_H ]II]L HQWCRJIE6 ^_I]IBIC IA ]_GH]KGE] HEM CJ]G_H]W_G _GQJGT 

]ïejh Cgkis Bigcli _imrjdugs* Ahojhei Diezhdh _imrjdugs**  Fucjgrkg Agrrgjrh _iblh*** 

_GRWKI Jetrimuäâi6 H hvucsâi mgetèrjh biesjstg ei mgscibhkgeti mi mgetg phrh airh mi sgu hcvêici sgemi biemuth jkpgrhtjvh i rgjkpchetg mi mgetg hvucsjiehmi eh suh cifh òssgh. I geaiqug mi trhukhtjski mgetèrji biki uk priocgkh mg shömg pöocjbh tgk sg tirehmi gvjmgetg g gstumis mgkiestrhk h egbgssjmhmg mh mjausâi mi pritibici mi rgjkpchetg mgetèrji phrh huxjcjhr i bjrurdjâi-mgetjsth siorg biki biemuzjr g trhthr h hvucsâi mgetèrjh. Gstg trhohcli tgk biki iofgtjvi hprgsgethr uk pritibici phrh i trhthkgeti mi mgetg hvucsjiehmi, ogk biki ahzgr ukh rgvjsâi mh mis cjtgrhturh hbgrbh mgetèrjis mh gtjicidjh, prgvhcæebjh, kgjis mg 6hrkhzgehdgk, biemuths gemimýetjbhs, bietrhjemjbhä÷gs rgjkpchetgs g prideòstjbi. Biebcusâi Biebcuj-sg qug i trhthkgeti biesgrvhmir mh hvucsâi mgetèrjh, htrhvês mi rgjkpchetg mgethc, ê uk kêtimi bik biesjmgrèvgc blhebg mg subgssi, mgsmg qug uk prieti htgemjkgeti sgfh gsthogcgbjmi mg airkh hmgquhmh. MGRB_J]I_GR6 _gjkpchetg mgetèrji • Hvucsâi mgetèrjh • ^ritibicis bcëejbis • ]rhukhtjskis mgetèrjis.

HOR]_HB] Jetrimubtjie6 ]lg tiitl hvucsjie biesjsts ie tlg tiitl mjspchbgkget iut ia jts sib`gt ogjed h khemhtiry biemubt

tlg rgpchethtjie ia tlg tiitl je qugstjie jeti jts oieg sib`gt. ]lg aibus ia mgethc trhukh hs h puocjb lghctl priocgk lhs ogbikg gvjmget hem stumjgs sliw tlg egbgssjty ia tlg mjssgkjehtjie ia tlg mgethc rgpchethtjie pritibic ti hssjst tlg surdgie-mgetjst hoiut liw ti biemubt hem trght tlg tiitl hvucsjie. ]ljs phpgr lhs hs iofgbtjvg ti prgsget h pritibic ti tlg trghtkget ia tiitl hvucsjie hs wgcc hs h cjtgrhturg rgvjgw ie tlg gtjicidy, prgvhcgebg, stirhdg kghes, gemimietjb biemubts, hdhjest jemjbhtjies ia mgethc rgpchethtjie hem prideisjs. Biebcusjie6 Tg biebcumg tlht tlg biesgrvhtjvg trghtkget ia tiitl hvucsjie tlriudl mgethc rgpchethtjie js h kgtlim wjtl biesjmgrhocg blhebg ia subbgss ja tlgrg js h prikpt bhrg je he hmgquhtg kheegr. MGRB_J^]I_R6 ]iitl rgpchethtjie • ]iitl hvucsjie • Bcjejbhc pritibics • ]iitl jefurjgs

*** Oubi-Khxjci-Ahbjhc hbjhc mi Bursi mg Imieticidjh mh Wejvgrsjmhmg Agmgrhc mh ^hrhëoh - WA^O *** ^riagssirh Miutirh mg Bjrurdjh Oubi-Khxjci-A *** ^riagssir Miutir mg Bjrurdjh Oubi-Khxjci-A Oubi-Khxjci-Ahbjhc hbjhc mi Bursi mg Imieticidjh mh Wejvgrsjmhmg Agmgrhc mh ^hrhëoh ‒ WA^O *** Kgstrhemi gk Gstikhticidjh pgch Ahbucmhmg mg Imieticidjh mg Ohuru-Wejvgrsjmhmg Ohuru-Wejvgrsjmhmg mg Râi ^huci.

8=4

 

_imrjdugs ]CB, _imrjdugs AD, _iblh FA. Hvucsâi mgetèrjh6 pripisth mg trhthkgeti g rgvjsâi mh cjtgrhturh

 8=<

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_gvjsth mg Imieticidjh mh Wejvgrsjmhmg Bjmhmg mg Râi ^huci ?>8>0 ??(?)6 8=472, khj-hdi

Jetrimuäâi

Ehs öctjkhs mêbhmhs tgk sjmi kistrhmi qug i trhukhtjski hcvêici-mgetèrji biestjtuj-sg biki uk ahtir gtjicòdjbi rgspiesèvgc pgch pgrmh mg drhemg eökgri mg mgetgs. Jssi sg tireh khjs brëtjbi quhemi i prieti htgemjkgeti eâi ê biemuzjmi mg airkh h ahvirgbgr h pgrkheæebjh mi gcgkgeti mgetèrji eh bhvjmhmg irhc.

^ij gt hc.>4, Tgstplhcge gt hc.7  8:::, ]ripg?  ?>>?). _gvjsâi mh cjtgrhturh

Is trhukhtjskis mgetèrjis sâi prgvhcgetgs gk fivges bik jmhmg gsbichr, tgemi biki gtjicidjh qugmhs, qugmhs mg ojbjbcgths, htripgchkgetis, hbjmgetgs hutikiojcëstjbis, hdrgss÷gs, hbjmgetgs kiI trhukhtjski hcvêici-mgetèrji bir- tibjbcëstjbis g prètjbhs gspirtjvhs (Dògs rgspiemg h uk biefueti mg jkphbtis 8> 88 qug hagth is mgetgs g suhs gstruturhs mg gt hc.  ?>>70 ^rhth gt hc.  ?>>>). Gk rgsupirtg0 pir suh vgz, h hvucsâi mgetèrjh chäâi î ahjxh gtèrjh khjs fivgk, mg 8>-8: bhrhbtgrjzh-sg pgci tithc mgscibhkgeti mi heis, is ahtirgs gtjicòdjbis prgmikjehetgs mgetg phrh airh mi sgu hcvêici g, mjhetg airhk is hbjmgetgs bik ojbjbcgths g qugmg thc sjtuhäâi, rgbikgemh-sg i jkgmjhti mhs, g hbjkh mis ?> heis ibirrgu khjir rgjkpchetg mgethc (Hemrghsge0 Hemrghsge8  jebjmæebjh mis hbjmgetgs kitibjbcëstjbis g ?>>8, ]ripg gt hc.?  ?>>?). I rgjkpche- hutikiojcëstjbis. Mgetrg hs cgs÷gs pir trhukhtjski mgetg mgetèrji ê uk trhthkgeti biesgrvhmir qug vjsh rgpisjbjiehr i gcgkgeti mgetèrji tèrji, h hvucsâi mgetèrjh hphrgbg eukh hvucsjiehmi ei hcvêici mgetèrji, bietu- prgvhcæebjh qug vhrjh mg >.7 h 81%. H mi vèrjis ahtirgs mgvgk sgr biesjmgrhmis khjir jebjmæebjh mhs hvucs÷gs gstè hssibjhmh his jebjsjvis bgetrhjs supgrjirgs, phrh i subgssi mi pribgmjkgeti. Kujtis prissjiehjs rgcuthk gk rgjk- gk brjheähs mg 4 h 8? heis mg jmhmg, gk pchethr mgetgs hvucsjiehmis, hbrgmjthemi rhzâi mhs htjvjmhmgs mh jeaïebjh g mh hmiqug sg trhth mg uk trhthkgeti tgkpirèrji, cgsbæebjh, ahvirgbgemi h gxpisjäâi his mgvjmi î pissjojcjmhmg mi mgsgevicvjkge- trhukhs mgethjs, hcêk mh kgeir quhetjmhti mh rghosiräâi rhmjbuchr. Iutris, getrg- mg mg orhs mi cjdhkgeti pgrjimiethc mi theti, eâi rghcjzhk thc pribgmjkgeti mg- mgetg rgbêk-grupbjiehmi g mh rjzidæegsg 8 vjmi hi mgsbielgbjkgeti têbejbi (_ujz mg jebikpcgth88(Hemrghsge0 Hemrghsge  ?>>8, Dipgduj2 ?>>2, Qhsbiebgcis gt hc.= ?>>8). ^rhth gt hc.  ?>>>). H hvucsâi eh mgetjäâi Rikh-sg h jssi qug kujtis iutris prissji- mgbëmuh ibirrg gk tirei mg >.>7). mgetèrji mg airkh jehmgquhmh, j ehmgquhmh, ahvirgbge- thmi (Blrjstiplgrsge 82 Dhssegr gt hc.  (?>>=), gk heècjsg mg mi i jesubgssi mh tgrhpæutjbh. Tgstplhcge gt hc.7 (8:::) kistrhrhk qug i eëvgc mg 2.2>>) airhk hvhcjhmis is prietuèrjis mg mgsgevicvjmi pir _iblh1  (?>>4) kistrh 878 phbjgetgs g vgrjbhmis ?1= mgetgs trhukhtjzhmis, sgemi qug qug drhemg phrtg mis bjrurdj÷gs-mgetjsths pgrkhegetgs trhukhtjzhmis, (7=%) fè htgemgu hcduk phbjgetg vëtjkh h hvucsâi mgetèrjh aij i tjpi mg trhukh mg hvucsâi mgetèrjh. Eâi iosthetg, h bie- khjs argqugetg bik ?7,41% mis bhsis. muth mi pritibici mi rgjkpchetg aij jeh- Gk8= iutri gstumi rghcjzhmi pir Rjvjgri gt hc.  (?>>7), is rgsucthmis kistrhrhk qug h mgquhmh. Hssjk, h hmiäâi mg kgmjmhs gmubh- hvucsâi birrgspiemg h 88,1=% mis bhsis tjvhs, thjs biki phcgstrhs g bursis, ogk mg trhukhtjskis hcvêici-mgetèrjis. H prgvhcæebjh mi trhukhtjski hcvêicibiki h gchoirhäâi mg pritibici-dujh, mgetèrji bik rgchäâi hi dæegri tgk kissâi hctgrehtjvhs vjèvgjs h k mg irjgethr h bchssg imieticòdjbh g ahvirgbgr i subgssi trhmi qug is kgejeis sâi hbikgtjmis mg hprixjkhmhkgetg tg muhs vgzgs khjs qug hs mi prieti htgemjkgeti hi phbjgetg vëtjkh hprixjkhmhkge mg hvucsâi mgetèrjh. (Bhkpis gt hc.4 ?>>10 kgejehs - 2> g87 81.8 %, rgspgbtjvhkgetg (Rirjhei gt hc.   ?>>=). ^hezhrjej gt hc.81 

 

(?>>2) iosgrvhrhk ukh pripiräâi getrg i sgxi khsbucjei g i agkjejei mg 268 rgspgbtjvhkgetg, rgchthemi qug h khjir jebjmæebjh ibirrgu eh ahjxh gtèrjh getrg 8> g 8: heis. Brjheähs mi dæegri khsbucjei, ljpgrhtjvhs, hprgsgethemi ivgrfgt supgrjir h 7kk g sgchkgeti chojhc jehmgquhmi tæk ukh khjir prgmjspisjäâi hi trhukh mgetèrji (Chccii84 ?>>2, Rirjhei gt hc.87 ?>>=, ]rhgogrt gt hc.8>=). Wkh vgz ibirrjmh h hvucsâi mgetèrjh, h vjthcjmhmg mi cjdhkgeti pgrjimiethc ê ahtir mg drhemg jkpirtïebjh phrh i subgssi mi rgjkpchetg mi mgetg hvucsjiehmi, rgbikgemhemi-sg, mjhetg mh jkpissjojcjmhmg mi rgjkpchetg jkgmjhti, qug i kgski sgfh hrkhzgehmi gk uk kgji ökjmi, g euebh gk kgjis sgbis. (Hemrghsge0 Hemrghsge8  ?>>8, Gccjs JJJ8: ?>>7, Tgstplhcge gt hc.7 8:::). Qèrjis sâi is kgjis bjthmis eh cjtgrhturh phrh hrkhzgehdgk mi mgetg hvucsjiehmi, mgetrg gcgs6 Ricuäâi Rhcjeh Ohchebghmh mg Lhe`ns (RROL), shedug, shcjvh, cgjtg, vgstëouci oubhc, kgjis mg bucturh (Rjdhchs gt hc. ?> ?>>=). Gk pgsqujsh mg Ljctz g ]ripg ?8 (8::8) kistriu-sg qug is oriochstis hrkhzgehmis ei cgjtg pgrkhegbgrhk vjthjs, pirêk bik hctgrhäâi mh suh kiraicidjh, gequheti qug h hrkhzgehdgk eh Ricuäâi Rhcjeh Ohchebghmh mg Lhe`ns eâi prikivgu hctgrhä÷gs kiraicòdjbhs, egk hctgriu h bhphbjmhmg kjtòtjbh mhs bêcuchs. Mgssh airkh, is hutirgs biebcuërhk qug h Ricu-

rjh, pgrkjtjemi h biethkjehäâi ohbtgrjheh pucphr, g i gsthogcgbjkgeti mh rghosiräâi rhmjbuchr gxtgreh jehkhtòrjh (Zhepjsgt0 ]ripg?7 ?>>>0 Tgstplhcge gt hc. ?1 ?>>2).

H èduh ê h öctjkh hctgrehtjvh, mgvgemi sgr utjcjzhmh phrh hrkhzgehr mgetgs hvucsjiehmis hpgehs quhemi is iutris kgjis bjthmis gstâi jehbgssëvgjs (]ripg?4 ?>>>). Xuhemi uk mgetg ê mgscibhmi phrh airh mi sgu hcvêici ibirrgk mheis eâi sò

_imrjdugs ]CB, _imrjdugs AD, _iblh FA. Hvucsâi mgetèrjh6 pripisth mg trhthkgeti g rgvjsâi mh cjtgrhturh

ehs orhs pgrjimiethjs, khs thkoêk eis

vhsis hpjbhjs qug gstâi jebukojmis mg eutrjr g ixjdgehr hs bêcuchs qug bikp÷gk h gstruturh mgetèrjh, sgemi i mhei pripirbjiehc î jetgesjmhmg g murhäâi mi trhukh mgetèrji ibirrjmi, gstèdji mg mgsgevicvjkgeti rhmjbuchr g pissëvgc egbrisg g jeagbäâi mis tgbjmis gevicvjmis (Hemrghsge0 Hemrghsge8 ?>>8). Eirkhckgetg, h bjbhtrjzhäâi mi pribgssi ibirrgrè eh sgdujetg irmgk6 rgvhsbuchrjzhäâi mi cjdhkgeti pgrjimiethc rikpjmi, uejâi mhs orhs mg Rlhrpgy

rikpjmhs, airkhäâi mg ukh eivh hmgsâi dgedjvhc g, ehckgetg, pgch rgvhsbuchrjzhäâi g rgjegrvhäâi mh picph. H rgvhsbuchrjzhäâi pucphr ibirrg eh irmgk mg >,7kk/  mjh, sgemi jejbjhmh quhtri mjhs hpòs i

 8=:

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trhukh, vgrjbhemi-sg qug gk tirei mg

2> h => mjhs h picph mg uk jebjsjvi fivgk pimgrè gsthr rgvhsbuchrjzhmh (Hemrghsge0 Hemrghsge?>=, Tgs2>

äâi Rhcjeh Ohchebghmh mg Lhe`ns khetgr 4>% mis oriochstis vjthjspimgrjh pir :1 ?? lirhs. Rihrgs  gt hc.   (?>>2) birrioirhk bik gstg gstumi. Rg h Ricuäâi Rhcjeh Ohchebghmh mg Lhe`ns eâi gstjvgr mjspieëvgc ei cibhc mi agrjkgeti, ê jkpirthetg shcjgethr qug i cgjtg tgk kistrhmi sgr h kgclir hctgrehtjvh, pirqug suh iskichrjmhmg g pL gstâi eukh gsbhch ojicòdjbh hbgjtèvgc (Cgg gt hc.?2  ?>>8), pimgemi hrkhzgehr i mgetg hvucsjiehmi pir uk pgrëimi mg htê sgjs lirhs. (Ocikcña gt hc.?= 8:>4). tplhcge gtbikpcgth Gk mgetgs bik zidæegsg rgjkpchethmis eâi rjsg pimg gspgrhr qug ibirrh rgvhsbuchrjzhäâi, g i trhthkgeti gemimýetjbi mgvgrè sgr gxgbuthmi 4-8> mjhs hpòs i trhukhtjski h k mg jkpgmjr eivis mheis hi cjdhkgeti pgrjimiethc g/iu i mgsgevicvjkgeti mh rghosiräâi rhmjbuchr mi tjpi jehkhtòrjh. _gbikgemh-sg h gxtjrphäâi pucphr g prggebljkgeti mi bhehc rhmjbuchr bik ukh phsth mg ljmròxjmi mg bècbji (burhtjvi mg mgkirh), sgemi qug h ioturhäâi bik duth-pgrblh eâi mgvgrè sgr rghcjzhmh htê qug ukh cïkjeh murh jethbth pissh sgr

mgtgbthmh rhmjidrhbhkgetg (Hemrghsge0

Hemrghsge8 ?>>8, ]ripg?4 ?>>>). Ei bhsi mg mgetgs hvucsjiehmis bik rjzidæegsg bikpcgth g pgrkhegbjmis gk

_gvjsth mg Imieticidjh mh Wejvgrsjmhmg Bjmhmg mg Râi ^huci ?>8>0 ??(?)6 8=472, khj-hdi

 

_imrjdugs ]CB, _imrjdugs AD, _iblh FA. Hvucsâi mgetèrjh6 pripisth mg trhthkgeti g rgvjsâi mh cjtgrhturh

uk kgji sgbi gxtrhirhc pir uk pgrëimi supgrjir h 1> kjeutis, i trhthkgeti mg gsbiclh biesjstg eh rgkiäâi mi cjdhkgeti pgrjimiethc g trhthkgeti mh supgraëbjg rhmjbuchr pir kgji mg suostïebjhs quëkjbhs, hetgs mi rgjkpchetg. (]ripg ?,?4 ?>>?, ?>>>). I trhthkgeti gemimýetjbi gxtrhirhc ê i hmgquhmi, pijs i phbjgetg eâi sgrè suokgtjmi h pribgmjkgetis hmjbjiehjs, thjs biki6 rhmjidrhhs, hegstgsjh, mgetrg

iutris. Gk mgetgs bik rjzidæegsg jebikpcgth bik pgrëimi mg pgrkheæebjh ei kgji gxtrhirhc jeagrjir h 1> kjeutis, pimgrè ibirrgr i pribgssi mg rgvhsbuchrjzhäâi pucphr. H jkgrsâi gk ukh sicuäâi bik mixjbjbcjeh (8kd /?>kc mg siri sjicòdjbi) hpcjbhmh tipjbhkgetg pir 7 kjeutis hetgs mi rgjkpchetg ahvirgbg gshh rgvhsbuchrjzhäâi (Zhepjsgt0 ]ripg?7 ?>>>). ]imhvjh, i hbikphelhkgeti rhmjidrèbi pir 2-=

 87>

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sgkhehs hpòs i trhukhtjski pimgrè gvjmgebjhr hcdukh hctgrhäâi phticòdjbh, mgvgemi-sg, egssg bhsi,?,?4jejbjhr i trhthkgeti gemimýetjbi. (]ripg  ?>>?, ?>>>). H thxh mg subgssi mi rgjkpchetg mgetèrji ê gk tirei mg = h 7%, g ukh mhs bhushs mgssg ohjxi ëemjbg ê i mgsbielgbjkgeti mi bjrurdjâi-mgetjsth pgrhetg h tgrhpæutjbh jemjbhmh phrh bhmh bhsi jemjvjmuhckgetg. H cisih prgmikjehetg phrh i trhthkgeti gbhz tgk sjmi rgjkpchethr

i mgetg i khjs rèpjmi pissëvgc mgpijs mh hvucsâi, mg kimi qug sg khetgelh h vjthcjmhmg mhs bêcuchs mi cjdhkgeti pgrjimiethc. ]imhvjh, i prideòstjbi ê tithckgetg mgpgemgetg mi tgkpi gxtrhirhc, mi kgji

mg hrkhzgehdgk mi mgetg hvucsjiehmi, mi tjpi g mi tgkpi mg gspcjethdgk g mh tgrhpjh gemimýetjbh hmgquhmh (@rhsegr0 _he`iw28 8::7, Tgstplhcge gt hc.7 8:::). Hpòs i rgjkpchetg mi mgetg hvucsjiehmi, rgbikgemh-sg h gsthojcjzhäâi mgstg htrhvês mh gspcjethdgk sgkjrrëdjmh bik i mg eycie g rgsjeh bikpisth iu iutri

sjkjchr, pir uk pgrëimi mg 4 h 8= mjhs. Gssh bietgeäâi ahvirgbgrè h bjbhtrjzhäâi pucphr g pgrjimiethc, ogk biki h gsthojcjzhäâi mgetèrjh murhetg i pgrëimi mg bjbhtrjzhäâi. Hcêk mjssi, mgvgrè sgr agjth ukh heècjsg brjtgrjish mh gxtgesâi mh gspcjethdgk, pijs kujths vgzgs is mgetgs hmfhbgetgs pissugk hcduk tjpi mg trhukh hssibjhmi (Rblgje0 Jsiche2? 8::4). Hpòs i pribgmjkgeti mg rgjkpchetg mgetèrji, gstè jemjbhmh h prgsbrjäâi mg hetjojòtjbi pir uk pgrëimi mg 4-8> mjhs, hetjjehkhtòrji pir 2 h 7 mjhs, hcêk mh prichxjh hetjtgtïejbh (Tgstplhcge gt hc.7 

8:::). H gspcjethdgk rëdjmh gstè jemjbhmh quhemi liuvgr arhturh mi pribgssi hcvgichr biebikjthetg hi trhukh mg hvucsâi mgetèrjh, sgemi qug suh pgrkheæebjh mgvgrè sgr mg =-< sgkhehs (Hemrghsge0 Hemrghsge8 ?>>8). Wkh mjgth cgvg pir muhs sgkhehs g ljdjgejzhäâi cibhc bik gsbivhs khbjhs g oiblgblis mg bcirgxjmjeh h >.8?% murhetg ukh sgkheh sâi jduhckgetg jkpirthetgs. (Hkgrjbhe Hssibjhtjie ia Gemimietjbs?: ?>>=). I hbikphelhkgeti bcëejbi g rhmjidrèbi pgci prissjiehc mgvgrè sgr agjti

pir ei këejki 7 heis, jejbjhemi-sg sgkhehckgetg eis prjkgjris mijs kgsgs,

]hogch 86 Rjehjs

bcëejbis g rhmjidrèbis mis prjebjphjs prjebj phjs tjpis mg rghosiräâi rhmjbuchr qug pimgk ibirrgr hpòs i rgjkpchetg mgetèrji.

]J^I MG _GHORI_ÄÂI _HMJBWCH_ _ghosiräâi Rupgrbjhc

_ghosiräâi _gvjsth mg Imieticidjh mh Wejvgrsjmhmg Bjmhmg mg Râi ^huci ?>8>0 ??(?)6 8=472, khj-hdi

Jehkhtòrjh

_ghosiräâi pir Ruostjtutjäâi (Hequjcisg)

RJEHJR BCËEJBIR

RJEHJR _HMJID_ÈAJBIR

Husæebjh mg kiojcjmhmg, Jrrgduchrjmhmg hi eëvgc mi èpjbg rhmjbuchr hssjetikètjbi0 pribgssi huti- g/iu biebhvjmhmgs hbikphelhemi h cjkjthetg. supgraëbjg chtgrhc mh rhjz Rgesjojcjmhmg his tgstgs mg pgrbussâi, hprgsgethemi _ghosiräâi rhmjbuchr gk airkh mg tjdgch. Lè uk sik hohahmi0 pissëvgc gevicvjkgeti òssgi kiojcjmhmg mgetèrjh. Mgetg gk jearh-ibcusâi0 sik kgtècjbi hi tgstg mh pgrbussâi.

Husæebjh mi gsphäi mi cjdhkgeti pgrjimiethc g mg èrghs rhmjicubgetgs

 

phsshemi-sg h sgkgstrhckgetg, g, hpòs i prjkgjri hei, i bietricg mgvgrè sgr heuhc. (Hkgrjbhe Hssibjhtjie ia Gemimietjbs?:  ?>>=). Gssg hbikphelhkgeti ê jkpirthetg, pijs ukh mhs sgqugchs khjs sêrjhs g argqugetgs rgchbjiehmhs hi mgetg hvucsjieh-

Gkmidhje®, ukh khtrjz mgrjvhmh mi gskhctg qug pissuj pritgëehs mh ahkëcjh mhs hkgcidgejehs phrh rgthrmhr i pribgssi mg rghosiräâi rhmjbuchr gxtgreh pir suostjtujäâi. (Cgg gt hc. ?2 ?>>80 Hemrghsge, Hemrghsge8 ?>>80 Hsl`gehzj g Rlh`gm22 ?>>1).

mi ê h rghosiräâi rhmjbuchr. Bchssjbhk-

BIERJMG_HÄ×GR AJEHJR

sg gk træs tjpis mjagrgetgs6 _ghosiräâi

I hti mg rgjkpchethr mgetgs hvucsjiehmis biesjstg gk uk trhthkgeti biesgrvhmir g mg ohjxi busti, sgemi h bieagbäâi mg kheuhjs g aýcmgrgs uk kêtimi hmgquhmi phrh irjgethr mg airkh bchrh g gagtjvh eâi sò i Bjrurdjâi-mgetjsth h biemuzjr g trhthr mg airkh jmghc is bhsis mg hvucsâi mgetèrjh, khs thkoêk h pipuchäâi cgjdh g h bikuejmhmg, pissjojcjthemi hi phbjgetg pirthmir mgssg tjpi mg trhukh uk prieti htgemjkgeti hmgquhmi bik khjir pissjojcjmhmg mg subgssi.

Rupgrbjhc, _ghosiräâi Jehkhtòrjh g

_ghosiräâi pir Ruostjtujäâi, bieairkg h ]hogch 8. I prideòstjbi phrh mgetgs bik pgrkheæebjh gxtrhirhc supgrjir h 1> kjeutis gk kgji sgbi privhvgckgetg sgrè h hequjcisg. ^irtheti, phrh gvjtè-ch rgbikgemh-sg h rgkiäâi mi cjdhkgeti pgrjimiethc g i trhthkgeti mh supgraëbjg rhmjbuchr htrhvês mh jesgräâi mi gcgkgeti mgetèrji gk ukh sicuäâi mg uirgti mg sòmji h ?.=% g pL

mg 7.7, pir ?> kjeutis, iu hpcjbhemi-sg i

_imrjdugs ]CB, _imrjdugs AD, _iblh FA. Hvucsâi mgetèrjh6 pripisth mg trhthkgeti g rgvjsâi mh cjtgrhturh

^ritibici sudgrjmi hpòs hvucsâi mgetèrjh ‒ ]gkpi gxtrhirhc jeagrjir h 1> kjeutis

Mgetgs ^grkhegetgs

Mgetgs Mge tgs pgrkhe pgrkheget getgs gs bik bik _JVID _JVIDÆEGR ÆEGRGG BIK^C BIK^CG]H G]H

- Jrrjdug i mgetg g i hcvêici bik siri sjicòdjbi0

Mgetgs Mgetgs pgrkhe pgrkheget getgs gs bbik ik _ _JVID JVIDÆEGR ÆEGRGG JE JEBIK^ BIK^CG] CG]H H - Jrrjdug i mgetg g i hcvêici bik siri sjicòdjbi0

- Gxhkjeg i hcvêici, i gcgkgeti mgetèrji g is - Gxhkjeg i hcvêici, i gcgkgeti mgetèrji g is tgbjmis kicgs hmfhbgetgs0 tgbjmis kicgs hmfhbgetgs0 - _gjkpchetg jkgmjhti0 - _gjkpchetg jkgmjhthkgetg, sg pissëvgc (sg eâi air - ^imgrè ibirrgr h rgvhsbuchrjzhäâi pucphr (iocjtgpissëvgc i rgjkpchetg jkgmjhti, biciqug i mgetg rhäâi mh bïkhrh pucphr g pridrgssâi mi mgsgegk uk kgji sjicòdjbi6 cgjtg iu siri sjicòdjbi) vicvjkgeti rhmjbuchr)0 - Hpcjqug gspcjetg sgkj-rëdjmi pir 4-8= mjhs g jejbjg - Lè hctgrhä÷gs phticòdjbhs, jejbjg h hpgxjbhäâi0 h tgrhpjh gemimýetjbh gk 4-8> mjhs. - Hpcjqug gspcjetg sgkj-rëdjmi pir 4-8= mjhs0 - Hmkjejstrg hetjojòtjbi pir 4-8> mjhs0 hetj-jeh- Hmkjejstrg hetjojòtjbi pir 4-8> mjhs0 hetj-jehkhtòrji pir 7 mjhs0 hehcdêsjbi, sg egbgssèrji. khtòrji pir 7 mjhs0 hehcdêsjbi, sg egbgssèrji. - Qgrjbhr h egbgssjmhmg mg prichxjh hetjtgtïejbh0

- Bietricg bcëejbi g rhmjidrèbi.

 878

••

••

- Qgrjbhr h egbgssjmhmg mg prichxjh hetjtgtïejbh0 - Bietricg bcëejbi g rhmjidrèbi.

^ritibici sudgrjmi hpòs hvucsâi mgetèrjh ‒ ]gkpi gxtrhirhc supgrjir h 1> kjeutis Mgetgs ^grkhegetgs Mgetgs Mge tgs pgrkhe pgrkheget getgs gs bik bik _JVID _JVIDÆEGR ÆEGRGG BIK^C BIK^CG]H G]H

Mgetgs Mgetgs pgrkhe pgrkheget getgs gs bbik ik _ _JVID JVIDÆEGR ÆEGRGG JE JEBIK^ BIK^CG] CG]H H

Rg mgbjmjr rgjkpchethr, iosgrvhr h sgquæebjh6 - Jrrjdug i mgetg g i hcvêici bik siri sjicòdjbi0

- Gxhkjeg i hcvêici, i gcgkgeti mgetèrji g is tgbjmis kicgs hmfhbgetgs0 - Hetgs mi rgjkpchetg, rgkivh i cjdhkgeti pgrjimiethc g jejbjg h tgrhpjh gemimýetjbh0 - Hpcjqug EhA ?.=% g pL 7.7, pir ei këejki 7 kjeutis eh supgraëbjg rhmjbuchr0 - _gjkpchetg i mgetg hvucsjiehmi0 - Gspcjetg sgkj-rëdjmi pir 4-8= mjhs0 - Hmkjejstrg pir 4-8>sg mjhs0 hetj-jehkhtòrji pirhetjojòtjbi 7 mjhs0 hehcdêsjbi, egbgssèrji. - Qgrjbhr h egbgssjmhmg mg prichxjh hetjtgtïejbh0 - Bietricg bcëejbi g rhmjidrèbi.

 -_gjkpchetg eâi ê jemjbhmi. _gvjsth mg Imieticidjh Wejvgrsjmhmgmh Bjmhmg mg Râi ^huci ?>8>0 ??(?)6 8=472, khj-hdi

 

_GAG_ÆEBJHR6

_imrjdugs ]CB, _imrjdugs AD, _iblh FA.

8.

Hvucsâi mgetèrjh6 pripisth

?.

mg trhthkgeti g rgvjsâi mh cjtgrhturh

2.

=.

7.

1.

Hemrghsge FI, Hemrghsge, AK. ]gxti g htchs bicir bicirjmi jmi mg trhukhtjski mgethc. 2ª gm. ^irti Hcgdrg6 Hrtkgm0 ?>>8. ]ripg K. Bcjejbhc khehdgkget ia tlg hvucsgm tiitl6 prgsget strhtgdjgs hem auturg mjrgbtjies. Mgethc ]rhukhticidy. ?>>? Ago0 8>2 fuc-hdi0 >8 fuc-mgz0 8(?)6 =7-78. Tgstplhcge Q^M, Ohrussit H, Duhrjhetj _, gt hc. Hvucsâi mgetèrjh6 biemuths bcëejbhs. FOB- F Orhs Bcje Gstêt Imiet 8:::02(87)64:->4. 4. Bhkpis KJ mh B, Lgerjqugs @HK, Bhkpis BE. Eëvgc mg jeairkhäâi siorg h biemuth mg urdæebjh argetg hi trhukhtjski mgethc. ^gsq Orhs Imietipgm Bcje Jetgdr ?>>1 khj-hdi0 1 (?)6 877-87:. >7 fhe-khr0 7(8)6 ?8-1. 88. ^rhth ]LB, ]LB, Muhrtg KR_, Kjqujcjti FC gt hc. Gtjicidjh g argqóæebjh mhs jeförjhs mgetèrjhs trhukètjbhs gk phbjgetgs mi bgetri mg trhukhtjskis mgetèrjis mh Ahbucmhmg mg Imieticidjh mg Râi Fisê mis Bhkpis ‒ Wegsp. _gv Imietic Wegsp Râi ^huci. ?>>> fhe-mgz0 ?: (8/?)6 =2-72. 8?. Blrjstiplgrsge ^, Arguem K, Lhrjcm C. Hvucsjie ia prjkhry tggtl hem sgqugchg ie pgrkheget subbgssirs. Mget ]rhukhticidy . ?>>7 Mgb0 ?8(1)6 2?>-2. Dhssegr _, ]ucj ], Lâblc I gt hc. Brhejikhxjcciahbjhc trhukh je bljcmrge6 h rgvjgw ia 2.21> jefurjgs je 8> yghrs. F Irhc Khxjcciahb Rurd , ^ljchmgcpljh. ?>>= Hpr0 1?(=)6 2::-=>4. 8=. Rjvjgri HB, Tgstplhcge Q^M, Mgiejzji KMH. K MH. ^rgvhcæebjh mg hvucs÷gs mgetèrjhs ei ^rieti-Ribirrii Imieticòdjbi mi Lispjthc Bhfuru. _gv mg Bcëe ^gsq Imietic  ?>>7 ^rieti-Ribirr   ?>>7  fhe-khr08(2)6 =. =. 87. Rirjhei G^, Bhcmhs Fr HA, Dògs ^RH. _js` ahbtirs rgchtgm ti trhukhtjb mgethc jefurjgs je Orhzjcjhe sbliicbljcmrge. Mget ]rhukhticidy. ?>>= Ibt0 ?>(7)6 ?=1-7>. 81. ^hezhrjej R_, Rhhm Egti K, Riehmh B@ gt hc. Hvucs÷gs mgetèrjhs gk phbjgetgs fivges g hmuctis eh rgdjâi mg Hrhähtuoh. _gv mh H^BM Râi ^huci ?>>2 fhe-agv0 74 (8)6 ?4-28. 82.

_gvjsth mg

84.

Imieticidjh mh Wejvgrsjmhmg Bjmhmg mg Râi ^huci ?>8>0 ??(?)6 8=472, khj-hdi

Chccii _. _js` ahbtirs ?>>2 Ago0 8:(8)6 8?-=.air khfir jefurjgs ti tlg ahbg hem tggtl. Mget ]rhukhticidy .

 

]rhgogrt F, Hckgjmh JBR, Dhrdlgtj B, gt hc. ^rgvhcæebjh, egbgssjmhmg mg trhthkgeti g ahtirgs prgmjspiegetgs mi trhukhtjski eh mgetjäâi pgrkhegetg mg 88 h 82 heis mg jmhmg. Bhm. Rhömg ^öocjbh _ji mg Fhegjri ?>>= khr-hpr0 ?> (?)6 =>2-8>. 8:. Gccjs JJJ G. ]rhukhtjski mgetihcvgichr g his tgbjmis kicgs. Je6 ^gtgrsie CF gt hc. Bjrurdjh Irhc g KhxjciAhbjhc Bietgkpirïegh. =ª gm. _ji mg Fhegjri6 Gcsgvjgr0 ?>>7. p. 727-77. Rjdhchs G, _gdhe FI, @rhkgr ^_ gt hc. Rurvjvhc ia lukhe pgrjimiethc cjdhkget bgccs je kgmjh pripisgm air trhespirt ia hvucsgm tggtl. t ggtl. Mget ]rhukhticidy  ?>>=  ?>>= Agv0 ?>6 ?8->2 khr-hor0 74(?))6 :7-8>>. 8>8  ?>>8 Fuc-Hud0 ?2(2)6 274-21>. ?=. Ocikcña C, Cjems`id R, Hemgrsie C, gt hc. Rtirhdg ia gxpgrjkgethccy hvucsgm tggtl je kjc` prjir ti rgpchethtjie. F Mget _gs 8:> Ibt0 81(7)6?88-4. ?:. Hkgrjbhe Hssibjhtjie ia Gemimietjbs. ]rghtkget ia tlg hvucsgm pgrkheget tiitl6 _gbikkgemgm dujmgcjegs ia tlg Hkgrjbhe Hssibjhtjie ia Gemimietjsts. HHG puocjbhtjie0 p. 8-1, ?>>=. Mjspieëvgc gk6 3lttp6//www.hhg.ird/mgethcpri/dujmgcjegs. ltk5. Hbgssi gk 2>/>=/?>>4 ès 8:6?>2 fuc-sgt0 8>> Khr-Hpr0 ??(?)6 8=7-4. ?. Tgstplhcge, Q^M gt hc. @eiwcgmdg ia dgegrhc prhbtjtjiegrs mgetjsts hoiut tlg gkgrdgeby khehdgkget ia mgethc hvucsjie je Burjtjoh, Orhzjc. Mgethc ]rhukhticidy ?>>4 Agv0 ?2(8)6 1->1  ?>>1 Mgb0 ??(8)6 ?7-:. _gbgojmi gk >4/>7/?>>:     Hbgjti gk >8/8>/?>>:. ?4.

_gvjsth mg Imieticidjh Wejvgrsjmhmgmh Bjmhmg mg Râi ^huci ?>8>0 ??(?)6 8=472, khj-hdi