AV-QUIZ
TEST YOUR AVIATION KNOWLEDGE
FLYING OPS 1. An aerodrome forecast reads: TAF YCOM 070635Z 070820 T 03 00 M02 M04 Q 1008 1007 1006 1006. The forecast temperature and QNH at time 1935 are: (a) 4 degrees and 1006 (b) minus 4 degrees and 1006 (c) zero degrees and 1007 (d) not forecast 2. An offset thrust line on a single-engine aircraft is used to counter: (a) the yaw tendency due to spiral propeller airflow (b) the yaw tendency due to ‘P’ effect (c) the yaw tendency due to the offset fin (d) the yaw tendency due to spiral propeller airflow acting on the inboard lifting surfaces 3. A cruising level of 8500 ft (A085) is appropriate to a VFR aircraft: (a) heading 015(m) (b) heading 185(m) (c) tracking 025(m) (d) tracking 225(m)
4. The A025 to A035 C airspace lower limit step north of the ML CTR is shown as a 15DME arc. Using a GPS distance of 15NM from YMML to track around this arc outside the C airspace would result in tracking: (a) nearly a mile outside the C airspace (b) nearly a mile inside the C airspace (c) exactly on the arc (d) exactly on the arc only at A025 because of the slant distance 5.
The rate of climb is: (a) greater into wind (b) lower into wind (c) greater downwind (d) is not affected by wind component
6. On a TCAS equipped aircraft, a nearby VFR aircraft squawking 1200 and posing no immediate collision risk displays as a (a) primary return (b) secondary return (c) traffic advisory (TA) (d) resolution advisory (RA)
7. Pilot actuated lighting (PAL) on a dedicated frequency is actuated by three (3 second) dashes of carrier wave whereas an aerodrome frequency response unit with a PAL (AFRU+PAL) is operated: (a) in the same way (b) in the same way but on the CTAF (c) with three one-second pulses spaced at a maximum of one second on the CTAF (d) with three pulses of any length on the CTAF provided the interval does not exceed 8 seconds 8. If the nose is lowered during the cruise, the pitch of constant speed propeller: (a) increases and the absorbed engine horsepower remains essentially constant (b) decreases and the absorbed engine horsepower remains essentially constant (c) increases and the absorbed horsepower decreases
(d) decreases and the absorbed horsepower increases
9. From February 2009 ELTs transmitting only on 121.5 MHz will: (a) not be detected by SARSAT except at close range (b) not be detected by SARSAT at all (c) not be detected unless also operating with 243 MHz emissions (d) still be detected 10. The positioning fixing of an activated 406 MHz ELT relies on the: (a) ELT feeding GPS positioning to the SARSAT system (b) frequency stability of the ELT signal (c) pulse repetition frequency and duty cycle of the ELT (d) the transit time of the ELT signal when interrogated
CASA photo library/DEAN COVELL
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FLIGHT SAFETY AUSTRALIA NOV–DEC 2007
MAINTENANCE 1. One advantage of the later TSO C145/146 GPS receivers over the earlier C129 receivers is: (a) data from a faulty satellite can be excluded instead of the navigation solution being stopped (b) over the horizon satellites can be utilised (c) selective availability can be circumvented (d) only two satellites are needed for a navigation solution 2. Time domain reflectometery is a technique for location of wiring loom faults by utilising the: (a) the time delay in the return of an electrical pulse reflected from the fault (b) the Doppler shift in Athe pulse repetition rate returned from a fault (c) the decrease in loop resistance from a remote short circuit (d) the increase in loop resistance from an open circuit
3. A form of welding where a metal wire fed into the hand piece as a consumable electrode is a form of welding known as: (a) MIG welding and uses AC current (b) MIG welding and uses DC current (c) TIG welding and uses AC current (d) TIG welding and uses DC current 4. A smaller angle of incidence on the tailplane compared to the mainplanes contributes to: (a) lateral stability. (b) directional stability. (c) longitudinal stability. (d) roll coupling. 5. When finishing fabric surfaces, blushing of the dope film is caused by: (a) solvent boiling out of the previous coat and may be eliminated by lowering the ambient temperature (b) solvent boiling out of the previous coat and may be eliminated by adding more retarder
(c) moisture condensing on to the surface and may be eliminated by raising the ambient temperature (d) moisture condensing on to the surface and may be eliminated by reducing the amount of retarder
6. A probable cause of peeling of the top coats of a doped finish on a fabric is (a) too little aluminium paste in the mix (b) too much aluminium paste in the mix (c) too much retarder in the mix combined with too little aluminium (d) too little hardener in the mix combined with too little aluminium 7. Aluminium powder is used in the top coats of dope on fabric surfaces primarily to: (a) counter deterioration due to ultraviolet light (b) counter fungal attack (c) counter acidity within the fabric (d) increase the resistance of the surface to scuffing
8. Removing a ball bearing from a shaft by pulling on the outer race is likely to cause bearing damage due to: (a) peening (b) galling (c) skidding (d) brinelling 9. A turn coordinator responds to: (a) rate of yaw only (b) rate of roll only (c) both rate of yaw and rate of roll (d) amount of yaw 10. In a superheterodyne radio receiver the intermediate frequency (IF) is: (a) always the carrier frequency minus 455 KHz (b) always the carrier frequency plus 455 KHz (c) the sum of the local oscillator and incoming carrier frequencies (d) the difference between the local oscillator and incoming carrier frequencies
NOV–DEC 2007 FLIGHT SAFETY AUSTRALIA 53
AV-QUIZ I F R OPER ATIONS 1. The basis of operation of the GNSS may best be described as constellations of about 29 satellites orbit the earth, transmitting signals on a frequency of approx. 1500 MHz and where measurement of distance from: (a) a group of three or more satellites is made based on signal travel time to fix the position of the receiver (b) two satellites are all that is needed to accurately fix the position of the receiver 2. What does a GNSS receiver do in order to reject an incorrect ‘possible’ position? (a) An assumption is made that the receiver would have travelled at an ‘impossible’ speed to have arrived at that position. (b) The position may be out in space and therefore no latitude/longitude data (the basis of GNSS operation) is available. (c) both (a) and (b) are correct. 3. Since timing is critical for the measurement of distance in the GNSS, how many satellites (minimum) must the receiver take data from to overcome the timing errors? (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 6 4. The causes of timing errors that can occur with GNSS signals are: (a) ionosphere, water vapour, night effect, multi path, dilution of precision (DOP) (b) ionosphere, water vapour, quadrantal error, multi path, DOP (c) ionosphere, water vapour, vertical polarisation, 54
multi path, DOP (d) ionosphere, water vapour, multi path, DOP
5. Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) is: (a) a technique whereby the integrity of a satellite’s data is checked by comparing this data to one other satellite (b) a technique whereby a QNH is entered into the GNSS receiver to provide measurement data if ‘real’ satellites are not available (c) a technique whereby the integrity of at least 6 satellites’ data is compared to give a correct navigation solution. If outside of applicable limits, then a loss of integrity (RAIM warning) activates (d) an integrity monitoring technique of satellite data whereby 5 satellites’ data is compared plus a QNH entry to ‘simulate’ a sixth satellite. When employed this is known also as barometric aiding (e) Both (c) and (d) are correct.
RAIM prediction can be obtained within each GNSS receiver and within Australia it is available (and should be used) via NAIPS. The following is a RAIM extract:
YMMB TSO C129 (a) FD 0710030653 Questions 6 to 8 relate to this extract.
6. TSO C129 (a) refers to (a) a Technical Standard Order to which the GNSS unit may be certified and if so it cannot be used for GPS arrivals and GNSS RNAV approaches. (b) a Technical Standard Order to which the GNSS unit may be certified and if so it can be used for GPS
arrivals and GNSS RNAV approaches. The GNSS receiver has fault detection (FD) capability and stops navigating when faulty satellites are detected. (c) the serial number of the manufacturer’s GNSS unit
7. ‘FD 0710030653 TIL 0710030713’ refers to a fault detection (a) and exclusion prediction of 20 minutes on October 3rd, 2007 between 0653 and 0713 U.T.C. (b) only prediction of 20 minutes on October 3rd, 2007 between 0653 and 0713 UTC. (c) only prediction on 7th October 2007 for 20 minutes between 0653 and 0713 EST 8. “FDE 0710041803 TIL 0710041823” refers to a fault detection and exclusion
(a) applicable to TSO 146 equipment for sole means navigation, of 20 minutes on 4th October 2007 between 1803 and 1823 UTC (b) applicable to both TSO 129 and 146 equipment for sole means navigation of 20 minutes on 4th October 2007 between 1803 and 1823 U.T.C. (c) prediction for TSO 146 equipment of 20 minutes on 7th October 2007 between 1803 and 1823 E.S.T.
9.A GNSS receiver must be approved to at least TSO 129, be correctly panel installed and must have current database with no crew modification possible. The pilot must be endorsed and current. This statement is (a) true (b) false
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ANSWERS Flying ops 1. (d) AIP GEN 3.5 para. 12.15 & 16. The forecast T and QNH are at three hour intervals from the beginning of the forecast period of 0800. 2. (a) 3. (d) the rule applies to track not heading. 4. (b) the DME/VOR is located approx. 0.8 NM north of the aerodrome reference point (ARP). 5. (d) angle of climb is affected by wind.
6. (c) AIP GEN 1.5 para. 7.
7. (a)
7. (c) ERSA INTRO 23.6
8. (d)
8. (a)
9. (c)
9. (b)
10. (d)
4 (d) Night Effect is an ADF error as is Quadrantal error. Vertical Polarisation is a VOR error. Answer (B) is describing barometric aiding which can assist with RAIM.
10. (b)
IFR
5 (e)
MAINTENANCE
1 (a) Two satellites will only ‘place’ the receiver on the circumference of two overlapping circles.
6 (b)
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (b)
2 (c) The latitude/longitude data is derived from the World Geodetic Survey 1984 (WGS 84) 3 (c) 6 satellites are needed for RAIM
7 (b) 8 (a) The “Exclusion” is the key for sole means navigation (TSO 146) so navigation integrity is maintained i.e. “Deselecting” faulty satellites’ data.. 9 (a)
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