Autómatas Programables

 

7

 

ÊHNOIL 7.9 LY^Q\I^\QG NL BDY G\^ÙJG^GY UQDKQGJGABLY………………………………….…………………………..9 UQDKQGJGABLY………………………………….…………………………..9 7.> JGHLCD L OHY^GBGIOÙH……………………………………………………………………….…………… OHY^GBGIOÙH……………………………………………………………………….………………………….0 …………….0 7.< OHY^Q\IIODHLY _ UQDKQGJGY LH BDY G\^ÙJG^GYUQDKQGJGABLY……………..……………………….75 IDHIB\YOÙH………………………………………………………………………………………… IDHIB\YOÙH…………………………………… ………………………………………………………….……………………71 …….……………………71

7.9 LY^Q\I^\QG NL BDY G\^ÙJG^GY UQDKQGJGABLY. 1

 

\h gutùjgtg prdkrgjgabl, uh UBI (idhtrdbgndr bùkoid prdkrgjgabl) ls uhg idjputgndrg utobozgng lh bg gutdjgtozgioùh ohnustrogb ohnust rogb pgrg gutdjgtozgr gutdjgtozgr prdilsds prdilsds ohnustrogb ohnustrogbls ls lblitrdjliç lblitrdjliçhoids, hoids, lblitrd lblitrd hlujçtoids hlujçtoids d lblitrdmonr lblitrdmonrçuboids çuboids.. Uulnl gutdjgtozgr uh prdilsd ohnustrogb lspliê`oid, uhg `uhioùh idhirltg nl uhg jçquohg, d tdng uhg bêhlg nl prdnuiioùh idh`okurgng lh bêhlgs nl jdhtgcl.  G no`lrlhiog nl bgs idjputgndrgs nl prdpùsotd klhlrgb, bds drnlhgndrls hdrjgbls, lb UBI (Urdkrgjjgabl Bdkoi Idhtrdbblr) lstç nosl÷gnd pgrg jóbtopbls sl÷gbls nl lhtrgng y sl÷gbls nl sgbong y pgrg nostohtds rghkds nl tljplrgturg. Ls uh sostljg nl toljpd rlgb3 bds rlsubtgnds g bg sgbong nlb prdilsd gutdjgtozgnd nlalh mgalrsl klhlrgnd idjd rlspulstg g bgs idhnoiodhls prllstgabliongs nl lhtrgng nlhtrd nl uh lspgiod nl toljpd bojotgnd. Lh igsd qul hd sl iujpbolrgh bgs idhnoiodhls nl lhtrgng, hd sl idhslkuorêg lb rlsubtgnd lsplrgnd g bg sgbong.

@uhiodhls nlb gutùjgtg prdkrgjgabl Lb gutùjgtg prdkrgjgabl d UBI rlioal oh`drjgioùh nl bds slhsdrls d nospdsotovds nl lhtrgng idhlitgnds, prdilsg bds ngtds rlidkonds y gitovg bgs sgbongs idrrlspdhnolhtls slkóh sus pgrçjltrds prdkrgjgnds prlvogjlhtl. Bg jgydrêg nl bds UBIs gitugbls sdh jdnubgrls, pgrg sojpbo`oigr su nosl÷d y pdnlr g÷gnor uhg gjpbêsojg kgjg nl `uhiodhgbongnls slkóh bgs hlilsongnls lspliê`oigs nlb sostljg nl idhtrdb3 idhtrdb ghgbùkoid, idhtrdb nosirltd, idhtrdb UON (prdpdriodhgb, ohtlkrgb y nlrovgtovd), idhtrdb nl pdsoioùh, idhtrdb nl jdtdr, idjuhoigioùh slrol d idhlxoùh lh rln. Udr su ohjuhongn gb ruond lbïitroid (ohtlr`lrlhiogs lbïitroigs) y pdr su rlsostlhiog g bg voargioùh y g pdsoabls ojpgitds, sdh onlgbls pgrg tdnds bds slitdrls ohnustrogbls ohnustrogbls lh klhlrgb klhlrgb y bg ohnustrog plsgng lh pgrtoiubgr. pgrtoiubgr. Lb hovlb nl tdblrghiog tdblrghiog `rlhtl g bgs tljplrgturgs tljplrgturgs lxtrljgs, bg mujlngn, bgs voargiodhls lxtrljgs, voargiodhls y lb toljpd nl vong ótob ls juy suplrodr g iugbquolr drnlhgndr drnlhgndr nl lsirotdrod lsirotdrod qul punolsl gsujor bgs josjgs `uhiodhls nl idhtrdb y gutdjgtozgioùh.

Idjpdhlhtls nl uh gutùjgtg prdkrgjgabl d UBI. Lstruiturg ohtlrhg Lb igjpd qul gagrigh bds idhtrdbgndrls prdkrgjgabls sl mg ohirljlhtgnd lh tdngs bgs gpboigiodhls qul hlilsotgh idhtrdb ohnustrogb3 pdr su vlrsgtobongn, pdr su `blxoaobongn y pdr su idjdnongn. Ydh `çiobls nl prdkrgjgr, sdh `çiobls nl igablgr, sdh `çiobls nl ohstgbgr y tgjaoïh sdh `çiobls nl igjaogr d rlljpbgzgr. G plsgr nl su lxtlhsg kgjg, tdnds lstçh `drjgnds pdr gb jlhds bds sokuolhtls iohid idjpdhlhtls `uhngjlhtgbls3 

\hg uhongn ilhtrgb nl prdil prdilsd sd (IU\). Lb prdilsgndr ls lb «ilrlard¶ «ilrlard¶ nlb gutùjgtg gutùjgtg prdkrgjgabl. prdkrgjgabl. Ylkóh lb tgjg÷d y lb topd nl uhongn ilhtrgb nl prdilsd lb gutùjgtg prdkrgjgabl tlhnrçs uhgs u dtrgs `uhiodhls nl prdkrgjgioùh pdsoabls, lb jgydr d jlhdr tgjg÷d nl bg bùkoig nl bg gpboigioùh, bg ightongn tdtgb nl jljdrog nospdhoabl y tgjaoïh bg vlbdiongn jçxojg nl prdilsgjolhtd.

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Lhsgjabgcl nl lhtrgng y sgbong L/Y. Bgs lhtrgngs trghspdrtgh trghspdrtgh bgs sl÷gbls nlb prdilsd ohnustrogb gb idhtrdbgndr, sdh bds slhsdrls nlb gutùjgtg prdkrgjgabl. Uulnlh slr ohtlrruptdrls nl lhtrgng, lhtrgngs nlb dplrgndr, slhsdrls nl prlsoùh, slhsdrls nl n l tljplrgturg, ltiïtlrg.

Bgs sgbongs sdh bds nospdsotovds qul lb UBI utobozg pgrg lhvogr gb lxtlrodr bds igjaods qul, sokuolhnd sus pgrçjltrds, nlalh prdnuiorsl. Bgs sgbongs sdh bds gitugndrls qul lb UBI utobozg pgrg gcustgr d pgrg idhtrdbgr uh 9

 

nltlrjohgnd prdilsd. Uulnl slr lh bds jdtdrls, pulnl slr lh bgs adjags nl gkug, pulnl slr lh bds rlbïs, pulnl slr lh bgs buils, ltiïtlrg. ^ghtd bgs lhtrgngs idjd bgs sgbongs idhlitgngs g uh gutùjgtg prdkrgjgabl sl ibgso`oigh lh nds krghnls topds3 sl÷gbls ghgbùkoigs y sl÷gbls nokotgbls. Bgs lhtrgngs y sgbongs ghgbùkoigs igjaogh idhstghtljlhtl nlhtrd nl uh rghkd vgrogabl, sdh bg prlsoùh, bg tljplrgturg d bg pdtlhiog. Bgs lhtrgngs y sgbongs nokotgbls `uhiodhgh slkóh so igjaog uh vgbdr nosirltd d aohgrod3 lhilhnond d gpgkgnd (dh/d``), sê d hd. 

\hg `ulhtl nl gbojlhtgioù gbojlhtgioùh. h. Bg `ulhtl nl gbojlhtgioùh gbojlhtgioùh gbojlhtg idh idrrolhtl idrrolhtl idhtohug ohtlrhg ohtlrhg gb gutùj gutùjgtg gtg prdkrgjgabl pgrg pdnlr dplrgr bds ioriuotds bùkoids qul idhtolhl lb prdilsgndr y bds lhsgjabgcls nl lhtrgng y nl sgbong. Mgaotugbjlhtl bds hovlbls nl lhlrkêg jçs utobozgnds sdh nl 1>PNI d 715PGI.

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\hg uhongn nl prdkrgjgio prdkrgjgioùh ùh, uh nospdsotovd nospdsotovd nl prdkrgjgio prdkrgjgioùh, ùh, uhg idjputgndrg idjputgndrg d uh sd`twgrl. sd`twgrl. \h gutùjgtg gutùjgtg prdkrgjgabl sl prdkrgjg utobozghnd g uh tïihoid prdkrgjgndr lspliogbozgnd, d idh uh sd`twgrl lspliê`oid qul pulng ohstgbgrsl lh uh drnlhgndr, igrkgr bg oh`drjgioùh y igjaogr bg bùkoig nlb ohtlrodr o htlrodr nlb nospdsotovd UBI.

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\h rgif d lhsgjabgcl nlb agstondr. Bg jgydrêg nl bds gutùjgtgs prdkrgjgabls, sdarl tdnd bds jlnoghds y bds krghnls, sl jdhtgh lh lb ohtlrodr nl uh rgif pgrg qul bds idjpdhlhtls ohnovonugbls (bg IU\, bg lhtrgng/sgbong y bg `ulhtl nl gbojlhtgioùh) sl jghtlhkgh uhonds lh lb ohtlrodr nl bg igrigsg d agstondr.

Plhtgcgs nl bds gutùjgtgs prdkrgjgabls d UBIs >

 

Bds gutùjgtgs gutùjgtgs prdkrgjgab prdkrgjgabls ls sdh igpgi igpgils ls nl rlgbo rlgbozgr zgr bgs josj josjgs gs tgrlgs nl idhtrdb idhtrdb qul sl rlgbozgh g trgvï trgvïss nlb igabl y dtrgs gpboigiodhls juimd jçs idjpblcgs. Bg prdkrgjgioùh ohtlrhg nlb gutùjgtg y bgs bêhlgs nl idjuhoigioùh lblitrùhoig mgilh ohhlilsgrods juimds nl bds igabls nl ohtlridhlxoùh qul bds sostljgs nl idhtrdb pdr igabl hlilsotgh pgrg dplrgr. Ugrg idhlitgr bds nospdsotovds nl igjpd lb igablgnd tdngvêg idhtohóg solhnd hlilsgrod, plrd ls juimd jlhds jlh ds idj idjpbl pblcd, cd, jui juimd md jlh jlhds ds bga bgadro drodsd dsd y jui juimd md jçs rçp rçpond ond.. Lst Lstgs gs vortun vortunls ls `gi `giobo obotgh tgh bg nltlii nltliioùh oùh y idrr idrrli liio ioùh ùh nl pd pdso soab abls ls lrrd lrrdrl rlss lh lb sost sostlj ljg g y bg jd jdno no`o`oig igio ioùh ùh nl bg gpbo gpboig igio ioùh ùh pg pgrg rg g÷gn g÷gnor or hulv hulvgs gs `uhiodhgbongnls d plrsdhgbozgrbgs g bgs lsplio`oiongnls nlb prdilsd ohnustrogb. Urohiopgbls vlhtgcgs nl bds gutùjgtgs prdkrgjgabls d UBIs `rlhtl g bgs sdbuiodhls igablgngs3

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Lb tgjg÷d `êsoid qul diupgh bds gutùjgtgs prdkrgjgabls ls juimd jçs rlnuiond. Lb sostljg nl idhtrdb hd diupg tghtd lspgiod y ls juimd jçs slhiobbd nl ohslrtgr y jghlcgr.

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Ls juimd jçs slhiobbd, y jçs rçpond, rlgbozgr igjaods pgrg g÷gnor uhg hulvg `uhiodhgbongn u dptojozgr lb idhtrdb nl uh prdilsd lspliê`oid.

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Bds UBIs ohtlkrgh nlhtrd nl su bùkoig ohtlrhg `uhiodhls nl nogkhùstoid y `uhiodhls nl ghubgioùh. Ugrg `giobotgr bg rçpong bdigbozgioùh nl lrrdrls y pgrg gosbgr uh jùnubd idhirltd pdr jgb `uhiodhgjolhtd d qul nlsgrrdbbl uhg `uhioùh hd nlslgng nlhtrd nlb sostljg nl idhtrdb.

7.> JGHLCD L OHY^GBGIOÙH

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\h gutùjgtg prdkrgjgabl ls uh ioriuotd lbïitroid qul sokul uhg sliulhiog prlvogjlhtl lstgabliong. Lb gutdjgtosjd pulnl slr igablgnd d prdkrgjgnd. Lh gjads igsds soljprl vgjds g nostohkuor nds pgrtls. \hg bg nl idhtrdb y dtrg bg nl pdtlhiog. Lh bg ltgpg nl idhtrdb sl nltlrjohg lb `uhiodhgjolhtd nl bg sliulhiog nl dplrgiodhls. Ls uh sostljg sliulhiogb ndhnl prlvogjlhtl sl mgh gbjgilhgnd bgs ohstruiiodhls g rlgbozgr. Bds Gutùjgtgs Urdkrgjgabls sdh bds sostljgs lh bds iugbls bgs sliulhiogs nl bgs dplrgiodhls sl nl`ohlh jlnoghtl bg prdkrgjgioùh. Bg prdkrgjgioùh pulnl slr sdarl uh Gutùjgtg Urdkrgjgabl d UBI d tgjaoïh sdarl uh joirdidhtrdbgndr. Bg prdkrgjgioùh prdkrgjgioùh jçs lstçhngr lstçhngr ls bg rlgbozgng rlgbozgng jlnoghtl nogkrgjg nl idhtgitds idhtgitds usghnd aolstgabls aolstgabls prdkrgjgnd prdkrgjgndss pgrg lstgablilr bgs hulvgs ltgpgs ltgpgs y adrrgr bgs ghtlrodr ghtlrodrls. ls. Idjd uh Gutùjgtg Urdkrgjgabl nl bds jçs utobozgnds pdnljds lhidhtrgr lb jdnlbd Y;-955 nl Yoljlhs.

Bg sliulhiog nl dplrgiodhls sl

nlsiroal

idh Krg`ilt y

g

idhtohugioùh sl rlgbozg bg prdkrgjgioùh idrrlspdhnolhtl lh `uhioùh nlb topd nl gutùjgtg d joirdidhtrdbgndr . Idjd lbljlhtd idjóh g bg ltgpg nl idhtrdb y g bg ltgpg nl pdtlhiog pdnljds lhidhtrgr `çiobjlhtl gb idhtgitdr. Lb idhtgitdr ls uh nospdsotovd lbïitroid `drjgnd pdr nds pgrtls. Udr uhg pgrtl sl tolhl uhg adaohg qul gb pgsd nl bg idrrolhtl lbïitroig irlg uh igjpd jgkhïtoid. Udr dtrg pgrtl sl tolhlh uhds idhtgitds lbïitroids qul sl garlh d iolrrgh lh `uhioùh nl lsl igjpd jgkhïtoid. Bg adaohg vg uhong g bg sgbong nlb ioriuotd nl idhtrdb. Bds idhtgitds lbïitroids vgh uhonds gb ioriuotd nl pdtlhiog. Yo lb idhtgitdr ls nl pdig pdtlhiog sl sulbl idhdilr idjd rlbï. Bds idhtgitds pulnlh lstgr hdrjgbjlhtl gaolrtds d hdrjgbjlhtl ilrrgnds. Bds idhtgitds pulnlh slr nl `ulrzg d tgjaoïh pulnlh slr guxobogrls pgrg gyungr lh bg b g prdkrgjgioùh igablgng, pdr lcljpbd lh uh lhibgvgjolhtd. Bg adaohg ls uh idhcuhtd nl lsporgs nosl÷gngs pgrg `drjgr uh igjpd jgkhïtoid nltlrjohgnd igpgz nl pdnlr gitugr  sdarl bds idhtgitds lbïitroids gsdiognds.

0

 

Lstl

l squljg ls

rlprlslhtg

uh

grrghqul norlitd y pdr tghtd bojotgnd pgrg uhg pdtlhiog rlnuiong. Ugrg gitugr sdarl lb gutdjgtosjd hlilsotgjds slhsdrls d gitugndrls igpgils nl nltlitgr lb prohiopod nl bg sliulhiog nl `uhiodhgjolhtd. ^gjaoïh hlilsotgjds pubsgndrls l ohtlrruptdrls3

Qlsplitd g bds slhsdrls, lstds sdh uhds

nospdsotovds

igpgils

nl

nltlitgr  

jgkhotunls `êsoigs d quêjoigs, bbgjgngs vgrogabls nl ohstrujlhtgioùh, y trghs`drjgrbgs lh vgrogabls lbïitroigs. Bgs vgroga vgr ogabls bls nl ohs ohstru trujlh jlhtgi tgioùh oùh pul pulnlh nlh slr pdr lcl lcljpb jpbd3 d3 tlj tljplr plrgtu gturg, rg, oht ohtlhs lhsong ongn n buj bujêho êhoig, ig, nos nostgh tghiog iog,, gilb gilblrg lrgioù ioùh, h, ohibohgioùh, nlspbgzgjolhtd, prlsoùh, `ulrzg, tdrsoùh, mujlngn, jdvojolhtd, pM, lti. \hg jgkhotun lbïitroig pulnl slr uhg rlsostlhiog lbïitroig, uhg igpgiongn lbïitroig (idjd lh uh slhsdr nl mujlngn), uhg tlhsoù tlhsoùh h lbïit lbïitroig roig (idj (idjd d lh uh tlrj tlrjdpgr) dpgr),, uhg idrr idrrolhtl olhtl lbïitr lbïitroig oig (idjd lh uh `dtd `dtdtrghs trghsostdr ostdr), ), lhtr lhtrl l dtrgs dtrgs.. Lstgs vgrogabls lbïitroigs sdh bgs qul lhtrgrgh pdr bds pulrtds nl lhtrgng nlb Gutùjgtg Urdkrgjgabl  pgrg lh `uhioùh nl bg prdkrgjgioùh, prdnuior bg sliulhiog lstgabliong y gitugr sdarl bds pulrtds nl sgbong y sdarl bds ioriuotds idhlitgnds g noimgs sgbongs. Lh bds Gutùjgtgs Urdkrgjgabls tgjaoïh sl hlilsotgh bds lbljlhtds ohnoigndrls d nl sl÷gbozgioùh. Idjd lbljlhtds vosugbls nl sl÷gbozgioùh pdnljds lhidhtrgr bds pobdtds sl sl÷gbozgioùh. Hdrjgbjlhtl vgh g ohnoigr lb lstgnd nl `uhiodhgjolhtd d gbgrjg nl uh sostljg3

;

 

Bds

jlnods

gióstoids

hdrjgbjlhtl ohnoigrçh uhg

sotugioùh nl ljlrklhiog, pdr lcljpbd lh lb igsd nl rolskd nl ohilhnod d lxpbdsoùh3

Bds jgtlrogbls hlilsgrods pgrg pdnlr idh`okurgr uhg gutdjgtozgioùh ohnustrogb sdh3 

 Gutùjgtg Urdkrgjgabl (UBI) d joirdidhtrdbgndr joirdidhtrdbgndr so bg prdkrgjgioùh prdkrgjgioùh ls prdkrgjgng.

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Ohtlrruptdrls.

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Lb idhtgitdr y rlbïs guxobogrls

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Uubsgndrls.

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Ohtlrruptdrls nl pdsoioùh.

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Nltlitdrls `dtdlbïitroids.

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Nltlitdrls ohnuitovds.

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Nltlitdrls igpgiotovds.

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Nltlitdrls ubtrgsùhoids.

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Bçjpgrgs nl sl÷gbozgioùh,

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Yl÷gbozgioùh gióstoig.

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^ljpdrozgndrls.

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Qlbdcls prdkrgjgabls.

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Pgrogndrls nl vlbdiongn.

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Yostljg nl idjuhoigiodhls

Bg gutdjgtozgioùh agsgng lh bds Gutùjgtgs Urdkrgjgabls tolhl su agsl lh bg lblitrùhoig nokotgb. Mdy lh nêg bg trghsjosoùh, lb gbjgilhgjolhtd y lb prdilsgnd nl tdnd topd nl oh`drjgioùh sl agsg lh bg utobozgioùh nl sl÷gbls lbïitroigs. Lstd ls nlaond `uhngjlhtgbjlhtl g rgzdhls nl topd lidhùjoid y tlihdbùkoid.

=

 

oh `drjgioùh sl pulnlh ibgso`oigr nl `drjg klhlrgb lh nds krupds3 Bgs sl÷gbls lbïitroigs qul bblvgh oh`drjgioùh 

Yl÷gbls ghgbùkoigs.

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Yl÷gbls nokotgbls.

Lh uhg sl÷gb nokotgb, lb vgbdr nlb pgrçjltrd qul pdrtg bg oh`drjgioùh sdbd pulnl tdjgr uh hójlrd `ohotd nl vgbdrls nostohtds. Bds sostljgs nokotgbls dplrgh idh sl÷gbls aohgrogs, bgs iugbls sdbd pulnlh tdjgr nds vgbdrls nostohtds3 5 ù 7. Bds Gutùjgtgs Urdkrgjgabls lstçh agsgnds lh bds sostljgs nokotgbls. Bds sostljgs nokotgbls sokulh bgs prdpolngnls nlb çbklarg nl Addbl3 Addbl3

Bds Gutùjgtgs

Urdkrgjgabls d UBI sl

utobozgh gjpbogjlhtl lh bg ohnustrog y lh bg prdnuiioùh ohnustrogb cuhtd idh uhg slrol nl lhtrgngs, sgbongs y sostljgs nl idjuhoigiodhls qul plrjotlh uhg `garoigioùh l`oiolhtl johojozghnd bds lrrdrls. l rrdrls.

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7.< OHY^Q\IIODHLY _ UQDKQGJGY LH BDY G\^ÙJG^GYUQDKQGJGABLY. \h

prdkrgjg prdkr gjg ls uhg uhg suilsoùh suilsoùh

d bostg  lh uh nltlrjohgnd drnlh nl nostohtgs ùrnlhls nl

bbgjgngs  ohstruiiodhls y igpgz nl

 Gutùjgtg g mgilr   l cliutgr   gb  Gutùjgt

qul vgjds g tr gtgr   nl nl rlspdhnlr, rlspdhnlr, pdr

tghtd, vg

bg  sliulhiog  nl

trgagcd

tr gag cd  pr ltlhnong. 

tgjaoïh

Bg prlkuhtg

g slr 3 ´Wuï ls uhg ohstr uiioùh4

\hg ohstr uiioùh  u drnlh nl trgagcd ls bg  pgrtl jçs plqul÷g nl uh prdkrgjg y idhstg  nl nds pgrtls pr ohiopgbls3 dplrgioùh y dplrghnd6 g su vlz lb dplrghnd lstç  novonond lh sêjadbd y pgr çjltr d

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Bg dplrgioùh ls lb iùnokd (IDNL) nl bg ohstruiioùh. Uulnl vlhor ngnd idjd idjd iùnokd hujïroid d io`rgnd (5=) (5=) d iùnokd hljùhoid (GHD). Lb dplrghnd dplrghnd ls lb idjpbljlhtd idjpbljlhtd gb iùnokd iùnokd u dplrgioùh. Jlnoghtl lb dplrghnd dplrghnd ohnoigjds bg norliioùh nlb lbljlhtd lbljlhtd nl qul sl trgtl (idhtgndrls, tljpdrozgndrls, L/Y, jgrigs ohtlrhgs, lti.), gsê idjd bgs idhtgngs, tljpdrozgiodhls, aots nl rlkostrd rlkostrd nl nlspbgzgjolhtd, ltiïtlrg. ltiïtlrg. Lh bds gutùjgtgs jçs slhiobbds lb sêjadbd hd gpgrlil, yg qul gb slr `ocgs bgs lhtrgngs/sgbongs y tlhlr gsokhgnds hójlrds nostohtds uhgs y dtrgs, dtrgs, gb ohnoigrbl g bg IU\ lb hójlrd, hójlrd, yg yg qulng nltlrjohgng, lh lb igsd nl bgs lhtrgngs bg nostohioùh idh bgs jgrigs ohtlrhgs, y bgs sgbongs idh lb iùnokd nl bg dplrgioùh. Bg dplrgioùh dplrgioùh bl ohnoig g bg IU\ quï tolhl qul mgilr, mgilr, d bd qul ls Cd josjd, josjd, bg ibgsl nl ohstruiioùh ohstruiioùh qul mg nl lcliutgr. Lcljpbd3  GHD (_)3 @drjgr uhg idhigtlhgioùh slrol. slrol. DQ (D)3 @drjgr @drjgr uhg idhigtlhgioùh pgrgblbd. D\^(:)3 Gso Gsokhgr khgr uhg sgbong g bd prlilnlhtl. Lb dplrgh dplrghnd nd bl ohnoig g bg IU\ nùhnl nlal nl mgilrbd, mgilrbd, d bd qul ls bd josjd, josjd, nùhnl nlal rlgbozgrsl rlgbozgrsl lsg ohstruiioùh. Lcljpbd3 Lcljpb d3 L.1.7. L.1.7. Qlgbozg bg dplrgioùh dplrgioùh ghtlrodr ghtlrodr lh bg lhtrgng lhtrgng (L) hójlrd hójlrd O nlb jùnubd 1. Lh lstl lstl igsd L rlprlslhtg rlprlslhtg lb sêjadbd y 1.7 lb pgrçjltrd. Lh dtrds dtrds gutùjgtgs3 gutùjgtgs3 71. Yo lstl hójlrd idrrlspdhnl g uhg uhg lhtrgng, lhtrgng, y, pdr lcljpbd, bg 75

 

Dplrgioùh Dplr gioùh mg sond sond GHD, bg ohstruiioùh ohstruiioùh qulng qulng nltlrjohg nltlrjohgng ng idjd gsokhgio gsokhgioùh ùh nl idhtgitd idhtgitd hdrjgbj hdrjgbjlhtl lhtl gaolrtd gaolrtd g bg lhtrgng hójlrd 71. Iughnd sl prdkrgjg, igng ohstruiioùh ohstruiioùh nlb prdkrgjg sl gbdcg lh uhg ilbng d pbgzg nl jljdrog jljdrog qul lstçh hujlrgngs hujlrgngs nlsnl bg norliioùh 5555 mgstg lb óbtojd hójlrd, lh `uhioùh nl bg igpgiongn nl jljdrog6 lh lb igsd nl uhg jljdrog nl usugrod usugrod nl 7 F pgbgargs, pgbgargs, bgs norliiodhls norliiodhls nospdhoabls nospdhoabls slrêgh slrêgh nl bg 5555 g bg 7519. Yl mg supulstd supulstd qul igng ohstruiioùh diupg uhg pgbgarg qul, lh klhlrgb, ls nl 70 aots d 1 aytls, so bg ohstruiioùh diupg jçs nl 1 aytls idjd diurrl lh gbkuhds igsds, lb hójlrd nl norliiodhls norliiodhls nospdhoabls sl rlnuil. Dtrd idhilptd g tlhlr lh iulhtg ls lb nl bêhlg d bêhlg nl prdkrgjg. \hg bêhlg idhtolhl norliioùh d pgsd, dplrgioùh y dplrghnd, pdr tghtd, sl pulnl nlior qul uhg bêhlg nl prd krgjg idhstg nl uhg ohstruiioùh, sgbvd gbkuhds igsds lh lb qul sdh hlilsgrogs nds bêhlgs pgrg gbdcgr uhg sdbg ohstruiioùh. Ugrg pdnlr lbgadrgr uh prdkrgjg hd ls su`oiolhtl idh bgs ohstruiiodhls nl jghnd d nl prdkrgjg, prdkrgjg, sdh hlilsgrogs dtrd topd nl ohstruiiodhls qul rlioalh lb hdjarl nl ohstruiiodhls nl slrvoiod u ùrnlhls nl jghlcd y pdr jlnod nl bgs iugbls sl idhsokul bg lbgadrgioùh, ghçbosos y pulstg pulstg g puhtd nlb prdkrgjg prdkrgjg,, gsê idjd dtrgs pdsoaobongnls pdsoaobongnls qul lh bds lcljpbds prçitoids sl vlrçh. Lh bg @okurg