AutoCAD.ppt

AutoCAD 2011 CAD LAB –I Sixth Semester B.Tech Civil Engineering SNGCE

Prepared by REMITH R NITHIN V SABU

CAD Vs AutoCAD 

Computer Aided Design

Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery

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AutoCAD 

 

AutoCAD is a software application for computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting in both 2D and 3D. It is developed and sold by Autodesk, Inc. First released in December 1982

Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery

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Starting the Program 

Locate and click on the AutoCAD icon or use the Start Menu to find the program and start it.

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AutoCAD Key Terms

Optional Toolbar Locations

Drawing Name Standard Toolbar

Pull-down Menu Headings

GRAPHICAL DISPLAY WINDOW

Coordinate Display

COMMAND LINE

`

Status Line

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Cursor

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Drawing Area   

The large area in the center of the screen. This is where you draw. The size can be changed at any time.

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Workspaces 

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AutoCAD 2009onwards, a new screen layout was added. the screen will look different if you are working on 2D than it will with 3D work. AutoCAD Classic -screen looked as the versions 2000-2008

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Command Line  

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The three lines at the bottom of the screen. This is where you enter commands and AutoCAD will prompt you to input information. The number of lines visible can be changed.

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The Command Line Box 

There are two basic ways to input a command:  

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The command line Clicking on a command icon. The command icons will execute the appropriate text based command on the command line

Additionally some commands have a keyboard shortcut option that normally involves the “cntrl” or “alt” keys on the keyboard The command line box size can be changed to show more or fewer command lines. Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery

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Status Bar  

Displays your current settings. The settings can be turned on/off by clicking on the word (SNAP, GRID, ORTHO, etc) or by pressing the function keys associated with each.

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More Grid and Snap 

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It is very common to change the settings for grid and snap often when creating a drawing. Grid and Snap (and other drafting settings) can be enabled by clicking on the Status Line buttons at the bottom of the AutoCAD window. These also toggle on and off with keyboard shortcuts. Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery

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Setting Grid and Snap Dimensions 

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Drawing accuracy is extremely important in engineering graphics. Grid and Snap are two of several commands that help us to ensure accuracy. An input window is available by using the “tools” pull-down menu and selecting “Drafting Settings…”. You can also use the separate command line commands “snap” and “grid”. Input the parameters that you want to start with. (Eg.:Use a Grid of 1,and a Snap of 0.5) Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery

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Object snap

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Ortho

Polar

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Selection 

RIGHT TO LEFT-> CROSSING SELECTION=SECLECTS ANY OBJECT THAT EITHER CROSSES THE BOUNDARY OR IS INSIDE IT

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LEFT TO RIGHT->WINDOW SELCTION=SELECTS ON OBJECTS THAT ARE COMPLETELY WITHIN THE BOX Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery

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CrossHairs/ Cursor 

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The movement is controlled by the movement of the pointing device (mouse). Use to locate points, make selections and draw objects.

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LWT 

Lineweight displays the width assigned to each object.

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Working With Toolbars 

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AutoCAD has quite few different predefined toolbars. You can access them by right clicking on any visible toolbar You can edit the toolbars to meet your own preferences. You can explore this option on your own.

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Setting Up The Drawing Environment 

This normally involves a couple of steps.    

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Defining the units Defining drawing limits Setting grid and snap dimensions Using other Drafting Settings

Note that you can redefine these items at anytime.

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Defining Units 

   

Either type “units” on the command line or use the pull-down menu for “format” and select “units” For LENGTH units, select the type and precision. For ANGLE units, select the type, precision, and direction of measure. The drag-and-drop scale is where you select the unit system. Click on the “OK” button when done. Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery

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Define Drawing Limits 

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This defines the extent of the drawing in the units of the object you are drawing. Since we are drawing full scale, this should be big enough to include all parts of your drawing. This can be changed later if you decide to go larger with your drawing. Type “limits” on the command line or use the “format” pull down menu and select “Drawing Limits” Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery

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Drawing Limits (continued) 

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A prompt appears on the command line for you to input the coordinates of the lower left corner of the drawing limits. If the point is within the current view, you can point and click on the location of the lower limit. Otherwise, you can type in the coordinate pair for the point. The next prompt asks for the upper right corner coordinates. Again, you can either point and click or type in the coordinate pair.

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Coordinates   

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At the bottom left of the AutoCAD. Move your cursor around the drawing area and watch the coordinate change. Toggle “snap” on and off and watch the difference in the way the coordinates change as you move the cursor. Toggle three different coordinate modes with the “f6” keyboard key.

Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery

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Using the Help function 

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AutoCAD has a good command reference in it’s help function. This presentation will not duplicate that reference. You should frequently refer to the command reference as you learn the various commands. Some practical pointers are added here that may not be easily encountered in the command reference. Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery

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Basic Commands 

The “Draw” Toolbar    

Lines L Polylines Circles C Arcs A

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The “Modify” Toolbar    

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MI- Mirror CHA- Chamfer

   

Erase Copy Move Offset Fillet Array Trim Extend

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E CO M O F TR EX 28

Start the Drawing   

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Open AutoCAD or a new drawing Save the file as “yourname.dwg” in your directory [D:\C6\{ur name}] Set the length type to “decimal”, precision to “0.00”, and the drag-and-drop scale to “centimeters” or suitable one Set the limits to:  

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Bottom left to 0,0 Top Right to 297,210 for A4 or suitable one

To set the view area to drawing limits:  

Enter “zoom” on the command line z Enter “e” (for extents) Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery

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Drawing Lines  

Either type “line” on the command line or click on the line icon in the draw toolbar. Lines can be drawn by point and click. 

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Lines can be specified by their end point coordinates. 

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Can keep an eye on the coordinates display to make sure that you get what you want.

Type in the coordinates on the command line

Lines can be specified by their first point coordinates, then by an distance and angle.  

Select starting point, type in “@distancePlot 

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Function Keys      

F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6

HELP FLIPSCREEN OSNAP TABLET ISOPLANE COORDINATE DISPLAY

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Function Keys Cont.     

F7 F8 F9 F10 F11

GRID ORTHO SNAP POLAR OTRACK

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Special Function Keys 

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ESC- Cancels the current command, menu, or dialog box. ENTER- Ends a command; or will repeat the previous command if the command line is blank SPACE BAR- Same as the end key except when entering text.

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Coordinate Display (F6) 



In the ABSOLUTE mode: Displays the location of the crosshairs/ cursor in reference to the origin. The first number represents the horizontal (x axis) and the second number represents the vertical (y axis). In RELATIVE POLAR mode: displays the distance and angle of the cursor from the last point entered.

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SNAP (F9) 

Increment Snap controls the movement of the cursor. If it is off the cursor will move smoothly. If it is ON, the cursor will jump in an incremental movement. The increment spacing can be changed, at any time using TOOLS/DRAFTING SETTINGS. The default spacing is .250

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GRID (F7) 

The grid is merely a visual “drawing aid”. The default spacing is 1 unit. You may change the grid spacing at any time using: TOOLS/DRAFTING SETTINGS.

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ORTHO (F8) 

When ORTHO is ON, the cursor movement is restricted to horizontal or vertical. When ORTHO is OFF, the cursor is free to move.

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POLAR (F10) 

POLAR TRACKING creates “alignment paths” at specified angles.

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OSNAP (F3) 

RUNNING OBJECT SNAP- specific object snaps can be set to stay active until you turn them off.

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OTRACK (F11) 

OBJECT SNAP TRACKING creates “alignment paths” at precise positions using object snap locations.

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MODEL 

Switches your drawing between paper space and model space.

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BPOLY 



Common types to bring up the boundary box. Also used to make line segments for 1 uniform shape.

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LIST 

Used to get database info for an object.       

Layer Space Center Point Radius Start Angle End Angle Length of line or arc Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery

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Multiple Drawing Environments: MDE 

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You can open as many files as you have memory for. Like other Windows documents, you can work in any drawing by minimizing or maximizing the screen. You can only copy, match properties and move in MDE.

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Lineweights  

Set by layers LWT- turns them on or off

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Filenames 

Don’t use spaces if possible.

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LISP 

Programs allow you to combine math and AutoCAD functions and use products in your CAD drawings.

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External Reference (XREF)  



Used to share common objects. Can bring an object from outside and put on screen, but not into drawing. You can’t change on screen. Can only be changed at the network server origin.

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XREF   

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Attach- attach to drawing Detach- discard from drawing Reload- made change from server, hit reload, and it picks up the current changes. Bind- becomes a block and not an xref. (Becomes part of the drawing.)

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When to bind an XREF  

When you cant non-global changes. When you send work to a client.

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Linetype Codes   

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Linetypes start with the letter “A” “A” stands for alignment field A positive number represents the length of a dash A negative number represents the length of a space A dot will give you a space Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery

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Plotting   

#1 (color), #1 (lwt) #2 (color), #2 (lwt) Plot style/ select form view/ color #1, lwt #1, color #2, lwt #2

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Plot Units= Drawing Units 

¼=1 1 /8=1

1=48 1=96

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½=1

1=24

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Stuff you should know/ understand 

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MView= creates viewport in paper space set aperture size= Tools/options/selection Vmax= zoom max view you can get without regeneration Nested Block= block within a block If no is used, when you select text to edit, where does the grip show up?

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Stuff you should know… cont.   

In layer names do not use dots. A view is a saved zoom in AutoCAD Items that can be used in naming items    

Numbers Letters Underscores Hyphens

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