AUT AUX ENFER JUNT CAST MANCHA 2019_02

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Dcohtjvds

]bphn khn Buxjnjbr kh Hg`hrfhræb. ]rdahsd kh Bthgajñg kh Hg`hrfhræb (]BH). @ugajdghs, prdahkjfjhgtds y tbrhbs Adgdahr nb fhtdkdndeæb kh Hg`hrfhræb Bprhgkhr nds prjgajpbnhs fdkhnds kh vbndrbajñg kjbegñstjab Adgdahr nbs `ugajdghs khn buxjnjbr kh hg`hrfhræb

hkjtdrjbn    }         ahp

2. ]B]HN KHN BX\JNJB BX\JNJBS S KH HG@HSF HSÆB. ]SDAHQ ]SDAHQD D KH B[HGAJÑG KH HG@HSFHSÆB (]B ]BH H)   2.2 Jgtrdkuaajñg Hs jgkukbcnh quh nb ghahsjkbk khn aujkbkd hg`hrfhrd, sureh aubgkd hxjsth ugb phrsdgb d erupd kh phrsdgbs quh tjhgh kjsfjgujkbs d bnthrbkbs nbs abpbajkbkhs pbrb prdpdrajdgbrsh nds butdaujkbkds ghahsbrjds, quh nh phrfjtbg fbgthghr nbs ghahsjkbkhs câsjabs aucjhrtbs. Hstbs kj`jauntbkhs pbrb fbgthghr nbs abpbajkbkhs hg butdaujkbkds, puhkhg shr khcjkbs b njfjtbajdghs hsphaæ`jabs d pdr nb `bntb kh rhaursds bkhaubkds. Nb hg`hrfhræb adfd ehghrbkdrb kh aujkbkds quh phrfjthg adfphgsbr d suphrbr nbs kj`jauntbkhs kh nbs phrsdgbs hg su butdabpbajkbk, bpnjab aujkbkds quh phrsjeuhg fêtdkds kh byukb b hsbs phrsdgbs. Hn dcohtjvd kh nb hg`hrfhræb sh lb bfpnjbkd khskh nb bthgajñg bn jgkjvjkud hg`hrfd lbstb su aujkbkd, tbgtd hg sbnuk adfd hg hg`hrfhkbk9 y khskh nb bthgajñg khn jgkjvjkud kh `drfb bjsnbkb, lbstb hn aujkbkd, kh nb `bfjnjb h jganusd kh tdkb nb adfugjkbk. Hg hn pbsbkd, nb prjgajpbn batjvjkbk kh nb hg`hrfhrb hrb daupbrsh khn jgkjvjkud hg`hrfd, hstbgkd nb bthgajñg sbgjtbrjb drjhgtbkb lbajb nb hg`hrfhkbk. Ldy hg kæb, hn dcohtjvd prjgajpbn hs hn adgdajfjhgtd kh nbs ghahsjkbkhs, bÿg hg sjtubajdghs kh sbnuk y nb jgkhphgkhgajb kh nb hg`hrfhræb. Hs adfÿgfhgth bahptbkd ldy hg kæb pdr hn adnhatjvd kh hg`hrfhræb, quh pdkræbfds hstbcnhahr kjvhrsds fêtdkds kh byukb hgtrh nds aubnhs pdkræbfds ajtbr? - Batubajñg pdr y pbrb dtrb phrsdgb y/d phrsdgbs. - Eujbr bn hstbcnhajfjhgtd d rhstbcnhajfjhgtd kh nbs abpbajkbkhs bnthrbkbs d fdkj`jabkbs. - Kjrjejr b hsbs phrsdgbs phrsdgbs lbajb nb næghb b sheujr pbrb rhstbcnhahr sus abpbajkbkhs. - @bvdrhahr y prdpdrajdgbr ug hgtdrgd bkhaubkd quh phrfjtb hn khsbrrdnnd phrsdgbn y nb butdhstjfb. - Hstbcnhahr fhabgjsfds pbrb hgshòbr b nbs phrsdgbs nds, butdaujkbkds bkhaubkds hg abkb ghahsjkbk d sjtubajñg adgarhtb. Kh hstb `drfb pdkræbfds pnbgj`jabr nbs batjvjkbkhs b rhbnjzbr y nds aujkbkds kh hg`hrfhræb b bpnjabr, thgjhgkd hg auhgtb nbs trhs `ugajdghs abrbathræstjabs quh kh`jghg guhstrb næghb kh batubajñg, hs khajr? - @ugajñg jgkhphgkjhgth. - @ugajñg khphgkjhgth. - @ugajñg jgthrkhphgkjhgth. ]rd`ugkjzbgkd ug pdad fâs hg hstds adgahptds, pdkhfds hstbcnhahr hg guhstrds aujkbkds hg`hrfhrds, trhs sjsthfbs erbkubnhs kh batubajñg, sj utjnjzbfds hn fdkhnd kh Drhf? - Qjsthfb kh adfphgsbajñg tdtbn.

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 Nb næghb fhtdkdnñejab fhtdkdnñejab b sheujr hg nb bpnjabajñg kh nds aujkbkds hg`hrfhrds, vhgkrâ khthrfjgbkb pdr fÿntjpnhs  `batdrhs, kh tjpd bfcjhgtbn, kh hstruaturb, kh rhaursd, aunturbnhs, prd`hsjdgbnhs, hta. Hg aubnqujhr absd, bpnjabrhfds nds aujkbkds kh hg`hrfhræb thgjhgkd adfd gdrfb hn rjedr prd`hsjdgbn y hn hstbcnhajfjhgtd khn hohrajajd ajhgtæ`jad hg tdkbs guhstrbs baajdghs.

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hkjtdrjbn    }         ahp

- Qjsthfb kh adfphgsbajñg pbrajbn. - Qjsthfb kh bpdyd hkuabtjvd. Nb bpnjabajñg kh ugd u dtrd vhgkrâ khthrfjgbkb pdr hn hstbkd jgkjvjkubn kh abkb phrsdgb, hstbcnhajhgkd hn `batdr jgkjvjkubn h jgtherbn hg nds aujkbkds, bsæ adfd nb vbndrbajñg khn prdahsd sbnuk - hg`hrfhkbk y nbs pdsjcjnjkbkhs kh batubajñg kh hg`hrfhræb pbrb `bvdrhahr nb butdbyukb kh kjalb phrsdgb. Zb lhfds adfhgtbkd bgthrjdrfhgth nb ghahsjkbk kh ugbs cbshs d fdkhnd thñrjad quh euæh guhstrb prâatjab, phrd pbrb quh nb Hg`hrfhræb hohrzb su prd`hsjñg kh ugb `drfb ajhgtæ`jab, hs ghahsbrjd quh hg su prâatjab thgeb quh bpdybrsh hg nb ajhgajb, lhald quh lbrâ quh nb kjsajpnjgb sh khsbrrdnnh. Bsæ, hg nb prâatjab bsjsthgajbn, nb bkbptbajñg khn fêtdkd ajhgtæ`jad, shrâ hn fâs sheurd pbrb nb cÿsquhkb kh sdnuajdghs b nds prdcnhfbs quh sh prhshgtbg hg hn aujkbkd kh nb phrsdgb. Nb bpnjabajñg khn fêtdkd ajhgtæ`jad hg nb prâatjab bsjsthgajbn hg`hrfhrb, hs hn fêtdkd adgdajkd adfd ]rdahsd kh Bthgajñg kh Hg`hrfhræb (].B.H.) Hsth fêtdkd phrfjth b nbs hg`hrfhrbs prhstbr aujkbkds kh ugb `drfb rbajdgbn, nñejab y sjsthfâtjab. H2 prdahsd kh bthgajñg kh hg`hrfhræb hs hn fhabgjsfd quh gds phrfjth hstbcnhahr ugds aujkbkds kh Hg`hrfhræb cbsbkds hg ug fêtdkd ajhgtæ`jad ugb bpnjabajñg prâatjab kh nbs thdræbs y fdkhnds kh hg`hrfhræb Bn`brd, ugb kh nbs butdrbs quh fâs lb hstukjbkd hn ]BH kh`jgh h2 prdahsd kh Hg`hrfhræb adfd? „Hn adgougtd kh baajdghs jgthgajdgbkbs quh nb hg`hrfhrb rhbnjzb hg ug drkhg hsphaæ`jad, adg hn `jg kh bsheurbr quh ugb phrsdgb d erupd kh phrsdgbs ghahsjtbkbs kh aujkbkds kh Qbnuk rhajcbg hn fhodr aujkbkd pdsjcnh kh nds prd`hsjdgbnhs kh Hg`hrfhræb‖. Nb ajhgajb kh Hg`hrfhræb sh cbsb hg ug bfpnjd fbrad thñrjad. „Hn prdahsd kh Hg`hrfhræb hs hn fêtdkd fhkjbgth hn aubn sh bpnjab hsth fbrad b nb prâatjab9 hs ug hg`dquh kh rhsdnuajñg kh prdcnhfbs quh rhqujhrh ugbs abpbajkbkhs adegdsajtjvbs, têagjabs jgthrphrsdgbnhs, y quh vb kjrjejkd b sbtjs`bahr nbs ghahsjkbkhs khn sjsthfb anjhgths-`bfjnjb‖ (Qfjtl y Ehrfbjg, 2:58).  Hn ]BH ]BH hs hn fêtdkd fêtdkd ajhgtæ`jad utjnjzbkd hg nb Hn prdahsd kh hg`hrfhræb gd hs ug fdkhnd pbrb Hg`hrfhræb, hs ug fdkd kh nnhvbr ug fdkhnd b nb prâatjab, ugb lhrrbfjhgtb, ug jgstrufhgtd.

prâatjab bsjsthgajbn hg`hrfhrb. Hsth fêtdkd gds phrfjth prhstbr aujkbkds kh ugb `drfb rbajdgbn, nñejab y sjsthfâtjab.

2.3 Chgh`jajds khn ]BH - Adgstjtuyh ug fêtdkd drebgjzbkd pbrb prdpdrajdgbr prdpdrajdgbr aujkbkds kh hg`hrfhræb. - Jfpjkh dfjsjdghs d rhphtjajdghs jgghahsbrjbs. - ]hrfjth ugb fhodr bthgajñg. - Qh ahgtrb hg nb rhspuhstb ÿgjab khn jgkjvjkud. - @bvdrhah nb `nhxjcjnjkbk ghahsbrjb pbrb crjgkbr aujkbkds kh hg`hrfhræb jgkjvjkubnjzbkds. - Hstjfunb nb pbrtjajpbajñg khn anjhgth. - Bufhgtb nb sbtjs`baajñg kh nds prd`hsjdgbnhs prd`hsjdgbnhs kh hg`hrfhræb bgth nb adgshauajñg khn rhsuntbkd. Adfd tdkd fêtdkd, hn ].B.H. adg`jeurb ug gÿfhrd kh pbsds suahsjvds quh sh rhnbajdgbg hgtrh sæ, fbgthgjhgkd ugb shauhgajb ardgdnñejab khthrfjgbkb. Bugquh hn hstukjd kh abkb ugd kh hnnds sh ]bphn khn Buxjnjbr kh Hg`hrfhræb

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hkjtdrjbn    }         ahp

lbah pdr shpbrbkd, tjhgh ug abrâathr fhtdkdnñejad, yb quh hg nb puhstb hg prâatjab nbs htbpbs sh suphrpdghg. Hn prdahsd adgstb kh `bshs suahsjvbs h jgthrrhnbajdgbkbs? Hstbs `bshs jgtherbg, kh bneugb `drfb, nds pbsds ghahsbrjds pbrb ugb rhsdnuajñg kh prdcnhfbs adfd fêtdkd ÿtjn pbrb kh`jgjr nbs baajdghs kh hg`hrfhræb.

2.1 Bsphatds drebgjzbtjvds khn ]BH Hs `ugkbfhgtbn b nb ldrb kh hstbcnhahr nb bpnjabajñg khn ]BH nds kjvhrsds bsphatds y prdcnhfbs quh pnbgthb su bpnjabajñg, pdr nd quh prjfhrbfhgth thgkrhfds hg auhgtb quh nb bpnjabajñg khn ].B.H. hxjeh nb jfpnbgtbajñg nb fhtdkdndeæb ajhgtæ`jab kh nds aujkbkds kh hg`hrfhræb, bsæ adfd hn hstbcnhajfjhgtd y puhstb hg prâatjab kh nbs gdrfbs, prdahkjfjhgtds y prdtdadnds kh batubajñg hg hg`hrfhræb. Pbndrbajñg Kjbegñstjad ]nbgj`jabajñg Hohauajñg Hvbnubajñg

2.; Htbpbs khn fêtdkd ajhgtæ`jad y khn ]BH ]BH FÊ[DKD AJHG[Æ@JAD

Dcshrvbajñg kh nds lhalds Kh`jgjajñg khn prdcnhfb @drfunbajñg @drfunbajñ g kh nb ljpñthsjs ]nbgj`jabajñg ]nbgj`jabaj ñg kh nb jgvhstjebajñg Shbnjzbajñg Shbnjzbajñ g kh nb jgvhstjebajñg Phrj`jabajñg Phrj`jabaj ñg kh rhsuntbkds adganusjdghs

].B.H.

Pbndrbajñg Pbndrbajñg Jkhgtj`jabajñg Jkhgtj`jabaj ñg kh prdcnhfbs @drfunbajñg @drfunbajñ g kh Kjbegñstjads kh hg`hrfhræb ]nbgj`jabajñg ]nbgj`jabajñ g kh nds aujkbkds Hohauajñg Hvbnubajñg Hvbnubajñ g

2.8 Shqujsjtds pbrb pbrb nb utjnjzbajñg khn ]BH ]BH [bfcjêg nb hg`hrfhrb khch bkhaubrsh pbrb nb utjnjzbajñg khn ]BH. y pbrb hnnd khch aufpnjr ugb shrjh kh rhqujsjtds?

B. Adgdajfjhgtds b. @rhgth bn pbajhgth Adgdajfjhgtds kh bgbtdfæb, `jsjdndeæb, psjadndeæb y sdajdndeæb. Qdg jgkjsphgsbcnhs pbrb pdkhr adgdahr nbs bnthrbajdghs khn jgkjvjkud y khthrfjgbr nbs batjvjkbkhs b rhbnjzbr.

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hkjtdrjbn    }         ahp

c. @rhgth b su prd`hsjñg Abpbajkbk kh rhsdnuajñg kh prdcnhfbs, kh bgânjsjs y tdfb kh khajsjdghs.

C. Lbcjnjkbkhs Nb hg`hrfhrb khch shr dpdrtugbfhgth bkjhstrbkb hg têagjabs pbrb dcthgajñg kh kbtds y kh rhnbajdghs jgthrphrsdgbnhs. Kh hstb `drfb pdkrâ rhabcbr nb jg`drfbajñg y adgsheujr ugb jgthrrhnbajñg thrbpêutjab hg`hrfhrb - pbajhgth. Hg rhsufhg, hn prdahsd kh bthgajñg kh hg`hrfhræb hs utjnjzbr hn fêtdkd kh rhsdnuajñg kh prdcnhfbs, quh pbrb nb fbydræb kh phrsdgb, adgstjtuyh hn fêtdkd lbcjtubn hfpnhbkd pbrb sdnuajdgbr prdcnhfbs hg su vjkb adtjkjbgb. B nd nbred kh nb bpnjabajñg kh tdkd hn prdahsd gd khchfds dnvjkbr quh adgthfpnbfds bn jgkjvjkud jgfhrsd hg su fhkjd `bfjnjbr y sdajbn, quh guhstrb ugjkbk kh bthgajñg hs nb `bfjnjb y quh nb jgthrrhnbajñg Hg`hrfhræb/`bfjnjb khch `dfhgtbr nb jgkhphgkhgajb kh nb `bfjnjb y nb jfpnjabajñg kh hstâ hg nds aujkbkds. Kh jeubn fbghrb, hs jfpdrtbgth rhadrkbr quh tdkb nb jg`drfbajñg rhadejkb khch rhejstrbrsh hg nds kdaufhgtds hstbcnhajkds pbrb tbn `jg. (Gd vbfds b hgtrbr bquæ hg nb jfpdrtbgajb y utjnjkbk kh rhbnjzbr ug cuhg rhejstrd).  Hn ]BH ]BH quh batubnfhgth sh utjnjzb adgstb kh kh ajgad `bshs, phrd hg su prjfhrb bahpajñg bahpajñg hg hn bòd 2:88 sñnd adgstbcb kh trhs htbpbs, hg 2:0; sh utjnjzbcbg yb aubtrd (vbndrbajñg, pnbgj`jabajñg, hohauajñg y hvbnubajñg), hg 2:58 sh jgadrpdrb adfd `bsh hn kjbegñstjad quhkbgkd, hn prdahsd hg nbs ajgad `bshs batubnhs.

  2.0 Ljstdrjb Khskh nds bòds 8=, hn prdahsd lb hvdnuajdgbkd hg erbg fhkjkb. Odlgsdg (2:8:), Drnbgkd (2:02) y Ujhkhgcbal (2:01) khsbrrdnnbrdg ug prdahsd trj`âsjad kjstjgtd quh adgtjhgh hnhfhgtds rukjfhgtbrjds khn prdahsd kh ajgad `bshs. Hg 2:05 Zurb y Ubnsl arhbrdg hn prjfhr thxtd quh khsarjcæb ug prdahsd hg aubtrd `bshs? Pbndrbajñg, ]nbgj`jabajñg, Hohauajñg y Hvbnubajñg. B fhkjbkds kh nb kêabkb kh nds 5= Cndal (2:5;), Sdy (2:58), Fugkjgehr y Oburdg (2:58) y Bspjgbnæ (2:50) bòbkjhrdg nb `bsh kh KJBEGDQ[JAD kbgkd nuebr b ug prdahsd kh ajgad `bshs. Khskh hgtdgahs, hn prdahsd kh Hg`hrfhræb lb sjkd nhejtjfbkd adfd hn fbrad kh nb prâatjab kh Hg`hrfhræb. Qh lb jgtherbkd hg nb fbydræb kh nds pnbghs kh hstukjds, y sh adgsjkhrb ghahsbrjd su adgdajfjhgtd pbrb adfprdcbr nb abpbajkbk kh nds bspjrbgths b aursds kh njahgajbturb y khfâs pruhcbs kh vbnjkbajñg pbrb nb prâatjab kh nb Hg`hrfhræb.

]bphn khn Buxjnjbr kh Hg`hrfhræb

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hkjtdrjbn    }         ahp

  2.5 2. 5 @bshs khn ]BH B. Pbndrbajñ bndrbajñg g Hs nb prjfhrb `bsh khn prdahsd kh hg`hrfhræb. Qus batjvjkbkhs hstâg ahgtrbkbs hg nb rhadejkb kh jg`drfbajñg rhnbtjvb bn anjhgth9 bn sjsthfb anjhgth-`bfjnjb d b nb adfugjkbk adg hn prdpñsjtd kh jkhgtj`jabr nbs ghahsjkbkhs, prdcnhfbs, prhdaupbajdghs d rhspuhstbs lufbgbs khn anjhgth. Nds kbtds sh rhadehg kh `drfb sjsthfâtjab utjnjzbgkd nb Hgtrhvjstb, Dcshrvbajñg, nb Hxpndrbajñg `æsjab, nds rhsuntbkds kh nbcdrbtdrjd y dtrbs `uhgths. Qdg nb cbsh pbrb nbs khajsjdghs y batubajdghs pdsthrjdrhs. Nb Pbndrbajñg pdkhfds kh`jgjrnb adfd hn prdahsd drebgjzbkd, sjsthfâtjad y khnjchrbkd kh rhadejkb kh kbtds khskh kjstjgtds tjpds kh `uhgths pbrb khthrfjgbr hn hstbkd kh sbnuk y hn hstbkd `ugajdgbn batubn y pbsbkd kh ugb phrsdgb. Adgstb kh kds adfpdghgths? - Shadejkb kh kbtds y Shejstrd - Bgânjsjs kh nds kbtds rhadejkds.

b. Shqujsjtds prhvjds b nb vbndrbajñg •

  Arhhgajbs Hn prd`hsjdgbn kh hg`hrfhræb lb kh sjtubrsh hg ug fbrad kh rh`hrhgajb quh nh anbrj`jquh hn adgahptd kh hg`hrfhræb, Qbnuk, anjhgth adfd jgkjvjkud y adfd usubrjd kh nb bthgajñg sbgjtbrjb, y nbs rhnbajdghs hgtrh hsds `batdrhs.

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  Adgdajfjhgtds Qh hxjehg adgdajfjhgtds hxthgsds sdcrh kjstjgtbs kjsajpnjgbs? Bgbtdfæb, Ruæfjab, Gutrjajñg, Fjardcjdndeæb, ]sjadndeæb, Qdajdndeæb, hta.9 bkhfâs kh prâatjab hg hn bgânjsjs y rhsdnuajñg kh prdcnhfbs, y tdfb kh khajsjdghs. Khskh hn pugtd kh vjstb têagjad sh rhqujhrh hn adgdajfjhgtd prâatjad kh jgstrufhgtds y têagjabs quh gds phrfjtbg dcshrvbr y fhkjr abrbathræstjabs `æsjabs khn jgkjvjkud adfd, pdr hohfpnd, thrfñfhtrds, hsthtdsadpjd, pbnpbajñg, busauntbajñg, hta. Nds adgdajfjhgtds kh gbturbnhzb jgthrphrsdgbn lbahg rh`hrhgajb b ugb shrjh kh lbcjnjkbkhs quh `bajnjtbrâg y fhodrbrâg tdkd hn prdahsd kh hvbnubajñg? dcshrvbajñg, hgtrhvjstb.

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Nds kbtds sdg bquhnnb jg`drfbajñg adgarhtb quh sh dctjhgh kh ugb phrsdgb, `bfjnjb d adfugjkbk. Shsphatd bn tjpd kh kbtds quh lby quh rhadehr, khphgkh khn prdpjd fbrad kh rh`hrhgajb9 lbcrâ ugb shrjh kh kbtds quh prdpdrajdgbg ugb jfbehg ehghrbn  pbrb jkhgtj`jabr prdcnhfbs d ghahsjkbkhs kh sbnuk `bfjnjbrhs y adfugjtbrjbs, y dtrds kbtds hsphaæ`jads quh sh tdfbrâg hg  `ugajñg kh nb sjtubajñg.

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hkjtdrjbn    }         ahp

Fualbs hg`hrfhrbs rhadehg prjgajpbnfhgth kbtds `jsjdnñejads? pbrb quh nds utjnjahg dtrds prd`hsjdgbnhs h jegdrbg hn rhstd kh nds prdahsds vjtbnhs quh jfpnjabg adgsjkhrbajdghs psjadnñejabs, sdajdaunturbnhs, kh khsbrrdnnd y hspjrjtubnhs. Bn jeubn quh nds dtrds adfpdghgths khn prdahsd kh Hg`hrfhræb, hn prdahsd kh vbndrbajñg hs kjgâfjad y hvdnutjvd. Kurbgth abkb jgthrbaajñg hg`hrfhrb-anjhgth nb hg`hrfhrb hstâ adgtjgubfhgth prdahsbgkd kbtds. Nds tjpds kh kbtds rhadpjnbkds khphgkhg kh nds adgdajfjhgtds, hxphrjhgajb y `jndsd`æb kh nb hg`hrfhrb.

c. Shqujsjtds ]brb rhbnjzbr ugb cuhgb vbndrbajñg hs ghahsbrjd adgsjkhrbr ugb shrjh kh rhqujsjtds? •

Adfugjabrsh kh `drfb h`jabz Jfpnjab hn adgdahr nb thdræb kh nb adfugjabajñg y khn bprhgkjzboh.

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Dcshrvbr sjsthfâtjabfhgth Jfpnjab nb utjnjzbajñg kh `drfunbrjds d euæbs quh jkhgtj`jquhg nds tjpds hsphaæ`jads kh kbtds quh ghahsjtbg rhadehrsh.

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Kj`hrhgajbr hgtrh sjegds h jg`hrhgajbs jg`hrhgajbs y adg`jrfbr nbs nbs jfprhsjdghs Xg sjegd hs ug lhald quh ugd phrajch b trbvês khn usd kh nds shgtjkds y ugb jg`hrhgajb hs hn oujajd d jgthrprhtbajñg kh hsds sjegds. Nbs hg`hrfhrbs b fhgukd lbahg jg`hrhgajbs hxtrbækbs adg pdads d gjgeÿg sjegd quh nbs bpdyhg, pukjhgkd kbr adfd rhsuntbkd aujkbkds kh Hg`hrfhræb jgbkhaubkds.

a. Shadejkb kh kbtds Nds kbtds sdg nb jg`drfbajñg quh sh dctjhgh khn anjhgth/pbajhgth. Qdg rhadejkds kh `drfb sjsthfâtjab pbrb kjbegdstjabr rhspuhstbs kh sbnuk h jkhgtj`jabr nds `batdrhs adgtrjcuyhgths. Adg pdsthrjdrjkbk, hstb cbsh kh kbtds adgstjtuyh hn `ugkbfhgtd kh nbs `bshs rhstbgths khn ]rdahsd kh Hg`hrfhræb? kjbegñstjad, hohauajñg y hvbnubajñg. •

[jpds kh kbtds Hg ugb prjfhrb anbsj`jabajñg, nds kbtds sh puhkhg berupbr hg? - Kbtds QXCOH[JPDQ Bquhnnds quh rh`nhobg nb vjsjñg quh hn hn jgkjvjkud tjhgh kh ugb sjtubajñg d shrjh kh badgthajfjhgtds. Qh dctjhghg b fhgukd kurbgth nb hgtrhvjstb h jganuyhg phrahpajdghs, shgtjfjhgtds d jkhbs khn anjhgth/pbajhgth sdcrh sæ fjsfd y sdcrh hn hstbkd kh sbnuk (khsarjpajdghs sdcrh su kdndr, khcjnjkbk, `rustrbajñg, turcbajñg, sdg kbtds sucohtjvds). Nb jg`drfbajñg bpdrtbkb pdr nb `bfjnjb, hsphajbnjstbs y dtrds fjhfcrds khn hqujpd kh sbnuk puhkhg shr tbfcjêg sucohtjvds sj hstâg cbsbkds hg dpjgjdghs jgkjvjkubnhs hg vhz kh hstbr oustj`jabkds pdr lhalds. - Kbtds DCOH[JPDQ Hstds kbtds sdg dcshrvbcnhs y fhgsurbcnhs. Qh Qh dctjhghg, dctjhghg, lbcjtubnfhgth, b trbvês trbvês kh nds shgtjkds? vjstb, dækd, dn`btd y tbatd, y kurbgth hn fdfhgtd kh hxpndrbajñg khn anjhgth.

]bphn khn Buxjnjbr kh Hg`hrfhræb

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]brb vbndrbr hstds kds tjpds kh kbtds, khchg thghrsh hg auhgtb adgougtbfhgth. Hs `rhauhgth quh kjalds kbtds sh adg`jrfhg hgtrh sæ, phrd b vhahs puhkhg shr adgtrbkjatdrjds. Qucohtjvds? nd quh nb phrsdgb kjah quh sjhgth d phrajch. Qdnbfhgth hn b`hatbkd nd

khsarjch y vhrj`jab

Dcohtjvds? sdg bquhnnds quh sh puhkhg dcshrvbr d fhkjr

Khskh dtrb ñptjab, nds kbtds sh puhkhg drkhgbr hg? - Kbtds LJQ[ÑSJADQ? LJQ[ÑSJADQ? Bquhnnds quh lbahg rh`hrhgajb b lhalds babhajkds adg bgthrjdrjkbk bn fdfhgtd prhshgth, ldspjtbnjzbajdghs prhvjbs, pbtrdghs kh hnjfjgbajñg... - Kbtds BA[XBNHQ? Nds quh sh rh`jhrhg b lhalds quh hstâg pbsbgkd hg hn fdfhgtd prhshgth. •

@uhgths kh kbtds Nbs `uhgths puhkhg shr? - ]rjfbrjbs Hn anjhgth hs ugb `uhgth prjfbrjb prjfbrjb y khchrâ utjnjzbrsh pbrb pbrb dcthghr dcthghr kbtds sucohtjvds. Nb phrsdgb/pbajhgth/anjhgth. Hs nb prjgajpbn `uhgth kh kbtds b gd shr quh gd puhkb adfugjabrsh, y khch shr utjnjzbkb hg prjfhr nuebr, bgths quh aubnqujhr dtrb `uhgth. - Qhaugkbrjbs Qdg bquhnnds kbtds quh sh sh dctjhghg dctjhghg aubgkd sh prhajsb jg`drfbajñg bkjajdgbn pbrb banbrbr d adgvbnjkbr kbtds bpdrtbkds pdr hn anjhgth. Nb `bfjnjb, phrsdgbs bnnhebkbs, puhkhg `bajnjtbr, adfpnhtbr d vhrj`jabr jg`drfbajñg, dtrds fjhfcrds khn hqujpd kh sbnuk, ljstdrjbnhs fêkjads, kjspdghg kbtds kh sus adgtbatds prhvjds d rhugjdghs adg hn jgkjvjkud y nb cbsh kh adgdajfjhgtds quh pdshb hn hg`hrfhrd, tbfcjêg adgstjtuyhg ugb `uhgth shaugkbrjb kh dcthgajñg kh kbtds.

•

  Fêtdkds - Shvjsjñg kh rhejstrds h jg`drfhs kjbegñstjads - Bpdrtbajdghs kh dtrds fjhfcrds khn hqujpd Nbs hg`hrfhrbs rhadehg kbtds pbrb khthrfjgbr jgthrvhgajdghs kh hg`hrfhræb y pbrb byukbr y adnbcdrbr adg dtrds prd`hsjdgbnhs b khthrfjgbr nbs suybs. Hstds tbfcjêg puhkhg bpdrtbr jg`drfbajñg jfpdrtbgth b nb hg`hrfhrb, pdr hnnd hs prjfdrkjbn, quh nds prd`hsjdgbnhs khn hqujpd jgthrabfcjhg kbtds sdcrh nbs phrsdgbs pbrb bufhgtbr nb abnjkbk y h`jabajb khn aujkbkd kh nb sbnuk. - Hgtrhvjstb Hstb têagjab hs kh erbg jfpdrtbgajb, fhkjbgth hnnb, gd sñnd dcthghfds dcthghfds kbtds kh jgthrês pbrb nb prâatjab kh hg`hrfhræb, sjgd quh tbfcjêg gds d`rhah nb dpdrtugjkbk kh hstbcnhahr ugb rhnbajñg adg hn anjhgth quh `bvdrhahrâ nb bpnjabajñg kh nds pnbghs kh aujkbkds y nb hkuabajñg sbgjtbrjb quh prhajsh. Nb hgtrhvjstb gds phrfjth?

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Dcthghr jg`drfbajñg hsphaæ`jab pbrb hn kjbegñstjad y nb pnbgj`jabajñg.

√

@bajnjtb nb rhnbajñg hg`hrfhrb / anjhgth.

√

]hrfjth bn anjhgth rhajcjr jg`drfbajñg y pbrtjajpbr hg nb jkhgtj`jabajñg kh prdcnhfbs y `jobajñg kh dcohtjvds.

√

Byukb bn prd`hsjdgbn b khthrfjgbr ârhbs kh jgvhstjebajñg hsphaæ`jab kurbgth nds dtrds adfpdghgths khn prdahsd kh vbndrbajñg.

Hs ug prdahsd adfpnhod y rhqujhrh kh ugbs lbcjnjkbkhs y abpbajkbkhs kh adfugjabajñg h jgthrbaajñg. Qh ahgtrb hg nb jkhgtj`jabajñg kh nbs rhspuhstbs khn anjhgth quh pukjhrbg trbtbrsh fhkjbgth nb jgthrvhgajñg kh hg`hrfhræb. - ]brths kh ugb hgtrhvjstb √

Jgtrdkuaajñg Hs hn adfjhgzd kh nb rhnbajñg thrbpêutjab, sh jgjajb nb rhnbajñg adg hn pbajhgth y sh drjhgtb nb tdfb kh jg`drfbajñg. Nb batjtuk khn prd`hsjdgbn khskh hsth fdfhgtd vb b shr hn `batdr fâs sjegj`jabtjvd b nb ldrb kh arhbr ug bfcjhgth kh cuhgb rhnbajñg. Hn hgtrhvjstbkdr khchrâ hxpnjabr hn prdpñsjtd kh nb hgtrhvjstb, adgtrdnbr hn tjhfpd ghahsbrjd pbrb nb dcthgajñg kh nds kbtds fâs sjegj`jabtjvds y gd jfpnjabrsh hg hn prdahsd. Lb kh fdstrbr ug erbg rhsphtd lbajb hn anjhgth ebrbgtjzâgkdnh nb adg`jkhgajbnjkbk kh tdkd bquhnnd quh sh trbth y khch arhbr ugb btfñs`hrb kh adg`jbgzb hg kdgkh hn anjhgth sh sjhgtb añfdkd adfpbrtjhgkd nb jg`drfbajñg kh gbturbnhzb phrsdgbn.

√

Gÿanhd Hg hstb hstb pbrth, hn prd`hsjdgbn prd`hsjdgbn sh ahgtrb hg hg ârhbs hsphaæ`jabs kjshòbkbs pbrb dcthghr nds kbtds ghahsbrjds, hs kdgkh sh dctjhgh nb fbydræb kh 2b jg`drfbajñg rhvjsbgkd nbs ârhbs khn jgkjvjkud kh `drfb drkhgbkb. - ]hr`jn kh anjhgth. - ]rjgajpbn fdtjvd kh quhob. - Ljstdrjb kh nb prhshgth hg`hrfhkbk. - Bgthahkhgths fêkjads. - Bgthahkhgths `bfjnjbrhs. - Bgthahkhgths sdajbnhs. - Bgthahkhgths `brfbadnñejads. - Bnadldn, tbcbad, krdebs. - Fdkhnd kh vjkb kjbrjb.

√

@jgbnjzbajñg Khchrâg rhsufjrsh nds pugtds fâs jfpdrtbgths adfhgtbkds adfhgtbkds hg nb hgtrhvjstb. Hstd gds gds sjrvh pbrb quh hn anjhgth / pbajhgth rbtj`jquh d guhstrbs phrahpajdghs bahrab kh nds prjgajpbnhs prdcnhfbs, prhdaupbajdghs y khfâs kbtds, bquæ nb hg`hrfhrb bsheurb nb jg`drfbajñg dcthgjkb kurbgth nbs `bshs bgthrjdrhs.

]bphn khn Buxjnjbr kh Hg`hrfhræb

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Nb hg`hrfhrb bn thrfjgbr nb hgtrhvjstb khch drkhgbr nds kbtds dcthgjkds, b nds quh bòbkjrâ nds rh`hrhgths b sjtubajñg hfdajdgbn khn pbajhgth y bn nhgeuboh gd vhrcbn dcshrvbkd (nhgeuboh pdsturbn, hfdtjvd, shgsbajdghs, hta.). - @batdrhs quh jg`nuyhg hg ugb hgtrhvjstb. Hxjsth ugb shrjh kh vbrjbcnhs quh quh jg`nuyhg hg hn êxjtd kh nb hgtrhvjstb. hgtrhvjstb. Hstbs vbrjbcnhs khthrfjgbrâg hg erbg fhkjkb nb abgtjkbk y abnjkbk kh nb jg`drfbajñg quh gds bpdrtb hn anjhgth. Gds rh`hrjfds b nds @batdrhs Bfcjhgtbnhs. Hn hspbajd, nb jnufjgbajñg, jgtjfjkbk, adndabajñg kh hgtrhvjstbkdr y hgtrhvjstbkd, nds rujkds, hta., vbg b shr nds quh phrfjtbg hstbcnhahr ugb btfñs`hrb berbkbcnh kdgkh hn anjhgth y hg`hrfhrd/b puhkbg pbrtjajpbr rhnbobkbfhgth kh tdkd hn prdahsd. - [êagjabs pbrb hgtrhvjstbr. Hg nb hgtrhvjstb sh suhnh lbcnbr kh têagjabs vhrcbnhs y gd vhrcbnhs. √

Nbs vhrcbnhs sdg nbs prheugtbs Qh lbg kj`hrhgajbkd vbrjds tjpds, tjpds, abkb ugd kh hnnds adg adg ug prdpñsjtd? fhkjbgth prheugtbs bcjhrtbs sh nh phrfjth bn anjhgth ugb rhspuhstb nbreb quh vb b adrrhspdgkhrsh adg nb phrahpajñg quh ên tjhgh kh ug lhald d nb khsarjpajñg kh thfbs quh nh prhdauphg (Ho. ´Ruê fdnhstjbs tjhgh4). Nbs prheugtbs ahrrbkbs sdg nbs quh sh rhspdgkhg crhvhfhgth (ugb d kds pbnbcrbs) y sh utjnjzbg pbrb dcthghr jg`drfbajñg sdcrh ug lhald hsphaæ`jad (Ho. ´Qh khspjhrtb fuy thfprbgd4 [bfcjêg hxjsthg prheugtbs shsebkbs, fhkjbgth nbs aubnhs dcthghfds ugb rhspuhstb d rhbaajñg hsphaæ`jab khn anjhgth (Ho. ´Xsthk gd tdfb nbs pbstjnnbs, vhrkbk4

√

Nbs gd vhrcbnhs sdg dtrb `uhgth jfpdrtbgth kh jg`drfbajñg. Nds adfpdghgths gd vhrcbnhs fâs `rhauhgths sdg nb hxprhsjñg `bajbn, nb pdsjajñg adrpdrbn, hn tbatd, nb vdz, hn sjnhgajd y nb `drfb batjvb kh hsaualbr.

- Dcshrvbajñg Nb dcshrvbajñg sjsthfâtjab jfpnjab hn usd kh nds shgtjkds pbrb bkqujrjr jg`drfbajñg rhnbtjvb bn anjhgth. Nds kbtds dcthgjkds fhkjbgth nb dcshrvbajñg tjhghg quh shr fâs hstukjbkds, pukjhgkd oustj`jabr d ghebr nbs jfprhsjdghs jgjajbnhs pbrb nb dcthgajñg kh jg`drfbajñg. Bugquh sh utjnjzb prh`hrhgthfhgth nb vjstb, tdkds nds khfâs shgtjkds tbfcjêg hstâg jfpnjabkds. Hs ugb têagjab adgsajhgth y khnjchrbkb, khsbrrdnnbkb b trbvês khn hs`uhrzd y kh ug hg`dquh drebgjzbkd. - Hxpndrbajñg @æsjab Qh ahgtrb ahgtrb hg khthrfjgbr adg khthgjfjhgtd nb rhspuhstb kh nb phrsdgb bn prdahsd kh nb hg`hrfhkbk, dcthghr ugb cbsh kh kbtds pbrb pdkhr hstbcnhahr adfpbrbajdghs y vbndrbr nb h`jabajb kh nbs batubajdghs, adg`jrfbr nds kbtds sucohtjvds dcthgjkds kurbgth nb hgtrhvjstb. Nb hg`hrfhrb utjnjzb aubtrd têagjabs hsphaæ`jabs? jgsphaajñg, pbnpbajñg, phrausjñg y busauntbajñg. Nb hxpndrbajñg gds phrfjth?

0;

√

Kh`jgjr fhodr nbs rhspuhstbs khn anjhgth bgth hn prdahsd pbtdnñejad.

√

Hstbcnhahr ugb cbsh kh kbtds pbrb adfpbrbr b nb ldrb kh hvbnubr nb h`jabajb kh nbs jgthrvhgajdghs kh hg`hrfhræb.

[hfb 3

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Pbndrbr nb h`jabajb kh nbs batubajdghs

√  Oustj`jab nds kbtds sucohtjvds dcthgjkds hg nb hgtrhvjstb.

- [êagjabs? √

Jgsphaajñg. Hxpndrbajñg vjsubn khn anjhgth pbrb khthrfjgbr rhspuhstbs d hstbkds gdrfbnhs d bgdrfbnhs. Lb kh shr sjsthfâtjab y khtbnnbkb yb quh kh`jgh abrbathræstjabs adfd tbfbòd, `drfb, pdsjajñg, ndabnjzbajñg bgbtñfjab, adndr, thxturb, bsphatd...

√

]bnpbajñg. Xtjnjzbajñg khn tbatd pbrb khthrfjgbr nbs abrbathræstjabs kh nb hstruaturb dreâgjab cbod nb pjhn? tbfbòd, `drfb, lufhkbk, punsbajñg, vjcrbajñg, adgsjsthgajb, fdvjnjkbk, ...

√

]hrausjñg. Adgsjsth hg ednphbr ednphbr ugb suphr`jajh adrpdrbn adg ugd d vbrjds khkds pbrb prdkuajr sdgjkds. ]hrfjth khthrfjgbr tbfbòd, khgsjkbk, cdrkhs kh ug ñrebgd y su ndabnjzbajñg.

√

Busauntbajñg. Hsaualbr hn rujkd prdkuajkd pdr nds ñrebgds khn auhrpd? punfdghs, adrbzñg, jgthstjgds...

- Fêtdkds kh hxpndrbajñg. Hs kh erbg jfpdrtbgajb utjnjzbr ugb fhtdkdndeæb sjsthfâtjab pbrb rhbnjzbr ugb hxpndrbajñg hxpndrbajñg `æsjab hxbatb y adfpnhtb. Hxjsthg vbrjds fêtdkds ÿtjnhs y prâatjads quh sdg utjnjzbkds hg hg`hrfhræb pbrb vbndrbr sjsthfâtjabfhgth b nds anjhgths? „abchzb b nds pjhs‖, prjgajpbnhs sjsthfbs dreâgjads, pbtrdghs kh sbnuk `ugajdgbn y pbtrdghs kh rhspuhstbs lufbgbs. [rbs `jgbnjzbr nb vbndrbajñg, nb hg`hrfhrb hg`hrfhrb khch bgbnjzbr jg`drfbajñg jg`drfbajñg baufunbkb baufunbkb y khshalbr bquhnnb quh gd shb kh jgthrês, pbrb fbghobr sdnbfhgth bquhnnb quh puhkb khthrfjgbr prdcnhfbs khn pbajhgth, kh tbn `drfb quh puhkb prdkuajr nb khthrfjgbajñg kh prdcnhfbs y pdkhr  ohrbrqujzbrnds hg drkhg kh jfpdrtbgajb pbrb p brb pdkhr, arhbr nds kjbegñstjads kh hg`hrfhræb dpdrtugds.

k. Bgânjsjs y drebgjzbajñg kh kbtds Hn rhejstrd sjsthfâtjad y drebgjzbkd kh kbtds supdgh ug kdaufhgtd kh hxtrbdrkjgbrjb utjnjkbk hg tdkbs nbs `bshs khn prdahsd. Nb bgdtbajñg adgstjtuyh ugb kh nbs pbrths fâs jfpdrtbgths kh nb jgthrvhgajñg kh hg`hrfhræb. Xgb cuhgb hgtrhvjstb sjg ugb rhadejkb `jhn kh nds kbtds gd gds sjrvh kh gbkb, ug kjbegñstjad cbsbkd hg kbtds jgsu`jajhgths gd shrâ ÿtjn y ugb pnbgj`jabajñg sdcrh kbtds `bnsds d jghxbatds gd adgkuajrâ b rhsdnvhr hn prdcnhfb khn anjhgth. Bkhfâs kh nbs vhgtbobs quh tjhgh ugb cuhgb bgdtbajñg kh nds kbtds b nb ldrb kh bsjegbr ug kjbegñstjad y ug pnbg kh aujkbkds, hxjsthg dtrbs? - Hstbcnhah ug fhabgjsfd kh adfugjabajñg hgtrh nds fjhfcrds khn hqujpd kh sbnuk. - @bajnjtb nb bkfjgjstrbajñg kh aujkbkds kh abnjkbk. - Qdg ug rhejstrd kh nds aujkbkds bkfjgjstrbkds bn anjhgth / pbajhgth. - ]rdpdrajdgb ugb cbsh pbrb nb jgvhstjebajñg kh hg`hrfhræb.

]bphn khn Buxjnjbr kh Hg`hrfhræb

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Nbs bgdtbajdghs y rhejstrds kh hg`hrfhræb vbræbg sheÿg nds kjstjgtds nuebrhs kh trbcbod. ]hrd, jgkhphgkjhgthfhgth kh hstd, hxjsthg ugbs kjrhatrjahs ehghrbnhs b thghr hg auhgtb? - Khchg hsarjcjrsh kh `drfb dcohtjvb, sjg prhoujajds, vbndrhs, oujajds u dpjgjdghs phrsdgbnhs. [bfcjêg lb kh jganujrsh nb jg`drfbajñg sucohtjvb prdpdrajdgbkb pdr hn anjhgth, `bfjnjb u dtrds fjhfcrds, phrd hsphaj`jabgkd su sucohtjvjkbk (hgtrh adfjnnbs). - Nbs khsarjpajdghs khsarjpajdghs d jgthrprhtbajdghs kh nds kbtds dcohtjvds dcohtjvds khchrâg jr bpdybkds pdr dcshrvbdcshrvbajdghs hsphaæ`jabs. - Nds kbtds jfpdrtbgths lbg kh khsarjcjrsh nd fâs bfpnjbfhgth pdsjcnh. - Lbg kh hstbr bgdtbkds kh `drfb anbrb y adgajsb, hvjtbgkd hvjtbgkd nb jg`drfbajñg jg`drfbajñg suphr`nub y nbs `rbshs nbrebs y adg`usbs. - Kh `drfb nhejcnh y adrrhatbfhgth hsarjtds. Nb drebgjzbajñg y bgânjsjs kh hstds kbtds ljstñrjabfhgth lb hstbkd „sdfhtjkb‖ b nb „thdræb kh nb  ohrbrquæb kh ghahsjkbkhs‖ Fbsndw (2:8;). Hstb thdræb adfprhgkh ugb ohrbrquæb kh ajgad gjvhnhs kh ghahsjkbkhs drjhgtbkbs kh ug fdkd bsahgkhgth sheÿg nb jfpdrtbgajb rhnbtjvb quh thgeb pbrb hn jgkjvjkud. Nds gjvhnhs kh ghahsjkbkhs quh jganuyhg sdg? - Ghahsjkbkhs `jsjdnñejabs? hshgajbnhs pbrb nb fhrb suphrvjvhgajb. - Ghahsjkbkhs kh sheurjkbk. @bajnjtbg nb suphrvjvhgajb. - Ghahsjkbkhs sdajbnhs. Khshds Khshds kh phrthghgajb b erupds, rhnbajdgbrsh, rhnbajdgbrsh, bfbr y rhajcjr b`hatd. - Ghahsjkbkhs kh hstjfb. Hgthgkjkb adfd butdhstjfb? ghahsjkbk kh adgsjkhrbajñg adgsjkhrbajñg y rhsphtd lbajb sæ fjsfd. Z adfd hstjfb? ghahsjkbk kh rhadgdajfjhgtd pdr pbrth kh nds khfâs. - Ghahsjkbk kh butdrrhbnjzbajñg. Jfpnjab ug khsbrrdnnd y arhajfjhgtd kh nbs pdthgajbnjkbkhs kh nb phrsdgb. Qheÿg nb thdræb, nds jgkjvjkuds puhkhg pbsbr b nds gjvhnhs bntds kh ghahsjkbkhs sñnd aubgkd hstâg sbtjs`halds nds fâs cbods.

C. Kjbegñs Kjbegñstjad tjad Qj nbs `ugajdghs kh hg`hrfhræb tjhghg trhs kjfhgsjdghs? khphgkjhgth, jgthrkhphgkjhgth h jgkhphgkjhgth, sheÿg hn gjvhn kh khajsjñg quh adrrhspdgkh b nb hg`hrfhrb, surejrâg prdcnhfbs d ghahsjkbkhs hg nb phrsdgb quh adfphtjrâg b ug abfpd u dtrd kh batubajñg? - Nb kjfhgsjñg khphgkjhgth kh nb prâatjab kh nb hg`hrfhræb jganuyh bquhnnds prdcnhfbs quh sdg rhspdgsbcjnjkbk kjrhatb khn fêkjad, quh hs qujhg khsjegb nbs jgthrvhgajdghs quh khchg rhbnjzbr nbs hg`hrfhrbs. Nb rhspdgsbcjnjkbk kh nb hg`hrfhrb hs bkfjgjstrbr hn trbtbfjhgtd fêkjad prhsarjtd.

 Nbs hg`hrfhrbs sdg rhspdgsbcnhs kh trbtbr kds tjpds kh oujajds anægjads d kjbegñstjads? kjbegñstjads kh hg`hrfhræb y prdcnhfbs jgthrkjsajpnjgbrjds.

- Nb kjfhgsjñg jgthrkhphgkjhgth, quh nds vhrhfds fâs bkhnbgth. - Nb kjfhgsjñg jgkhphgkjhgth, quh trbtbrhfds fâs b `dgkd hg hsth fjsfd thfb

00

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hkjtdrjbn    }         ahp

Nbs batubajdghs kh hg`hrfhræb sh anbsj`jabg adfd prhsarjtbs pdr nb hg`hrfhrb d pdr hn fêkjad. Nbs batubajdghs prhsarjtbs pdr nb hg`hrfhrb sdg bquhnnbs hg quh nb hg`hrfhrb puhkh prhsarjcjr nhebnfhgth pbrb quh hn prdpjd phrsdgbn kh hg`hrfhræb rhbnjah nbs batjvjkbkhs khrjvbkbs kh nb prhsarjpajñg. Nbs batubajdghs prhsarjtbs pdr nb hg`hrfhrb trbtbg, prhvjhghg y adgtrdnbg nds kjbegñstjads kh hg`hrfhræb, phrd hg hn absd kh nds n ds prdcnhfbs jgthrkjsajpnjgbrjds sdnbfhgth adgtrdnbg hsth tjpd kh bnthrbajdghs. Nbs batubajdghs prhsarjtbs pdr hn fêkjad rhprhshgtbg trbtbfjhgtds kh prdcnhfbs jgthrkjsajpnjgbrjds quh nb hg`hrfhrb jgjajb y fbghob. Lby funtjtuk kh kh`jgjajdghs kh kjbegñstjads kh hg`hrfhræb, phrd hn fâs sjfpnh hs hn oujajd d adganusjñg quh sh prdkuah adfd rhsuntbkd kh nb vbndrbajñg kh Hg`hrfhræb. Nds kbtds kh nb vbndrbajñg sdg bgbnjzbkds h jgthrprhtbkds kh `drfb arætjab. Qh hxtrbhg adganusjdghs hg aubgtd b ghahsjkbkhs, prdcnhfbs, prhdaupbajdghs y rhspuhstbs lufbgbs anjhgth. Nds Kjbegñstjads sh jkhgtj`jabg adg hn dcohtd kh prdpdrajdgbr ug fêtdkd h`jabz kh adfugjabajñg kh nds prdcnhfbs khn anjhgth.

A. ]nbgj`jabajñg Qjeujhgkd hn ]BH., ugb vhz h`hatubkd hn kjbegñstjad kh nb sjtubajñg kh sbnuk, hs ghahsbrjd khajkjr nbs batubajdghs prhajsbs quh byukhg b rhsdnvhr nds prdcnhfbs pnbgthbkds. Hg hstb `bsh sh khsbrrdnnbg hstrbthejbs pbrb hvjtbr rhkuajr d adrrhejr nds prdcnhfbs jkhgtj`jabkds, bsæ adfd pbrb prdfdajdgbr nb Qbnuk. Hstb `bsh tjhgh ugbs htbpbs? - Hstbcnhahr prjdrjkbkhs. - @jobr adg hn anjhgth nds rhsuntbkds pbrb adrrhejr, rhkuajr d jfphkjr nds prdcnhfbs. - Hsarjcjr nbs jgthrvhgajdghs kh Hg`hrfhræb quh adgkuzabg bn nderd kh nds rhsuntbkds. - Shejstrd, hg hn pnbg kh aujkbkds, kh nds kjbegñstjads, rhsuntbkds h jgthrvhgajdghs kh hg`hrfhræb kh `drfb drebgjzbkb. Nb pnbgj`jabajñg hg ug shgtjkd bfpnjd adgsjsth hg hnbcdrbr ug pnbg kh baajñg pbrb prdfdvhr nb Qbnuk y sdnuajdgbr d fhodrbr nds prdcnhfbs kh nb Qbnuk. Hstd sh nnhvb b abcd fhkjbgth nb rhbnjzbajñg kh ug pnbg kh aujkbkds. Hs, prhajsbfhgth, hsth pnbg nd abrbathræstjad kh nb nbcdr kh hg`hrfhræb, kdgkh pdshh pnhgb butdgdfæb y abpbajkbk kh khajsjñg, kh`jgjhgkd hxbatbfhgth hn pbphn quh adfd prd`hsjdgbn nh hstâ hgadfhgkbgkd y quh gd puhkh shr aucjhrtd pdr dtrds prd`hsjdgbnhs d têagjads. Hxjsthg fualbs kh`jgjajdghs sdcrh hn adgahptd kh pnbgj`jabajñg nb fâs usbkb hg sbgjkbk hs nb kh ]JGHBXN[, quh kjah? Hs ug prdahsd adgtjgud kh prhvjsjñg kh rhaursds y shrvjajds ghahsbrjds pbrb adgsheujr ugds dcohtjvds khthrfjgbkds, sheÿg ug drkhg kh prjdrjkbk hstbcnhajkd, phrfjtjhgkd hnhejr nb d nbs sdnuajdghs ñptjfbs hgtrh fualbs bnthrgbtjvbs. Hstb hnhaajñg tdfb hg adgsjkhrbajñg hn adgthxtd kh kj`jauntbkhs jgthrgbs y hxthrgbs, adgdajkbs batubnfhgth d prhvjsjcnhs hg hn `uturd.

]bphn khn Buxjnjbr kh Hg`hrfhræb

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hkjtdrjbn    }         ahp

K. Hohauaj Hohauajñg ñg Nb Hohauajñg hs hn jgjajd y thrfjgbajñg kh nbs baajdghs ghahsbrjbs pbrb nderbr nds rhsuntbkds kh`jgjkds hg nb `bsh kh ]nbgj`jabajñg. Jfpnjab nb adfugjabajñg khn pnbg b tdkbs bquhnnbs phrsdgbs quh pbrtjajphg hg nds aujkbkds khn pbajhgth. Nbs jgthrvhgajdghs puhkhg nnhvbrsh b abcd pdr fjhfcrds khn hqujpd kh Qbnuk, hn anjhgth d sus `bfjnjbrhs. Hn ]nbg kh aujkbkds sh utjnjzb kh `drfb drjhgtbtjvb. Nds prd`hsjdgbnhs sjeuhg rhadejhgkd kbtds rhnbajdgbkds adg hn hstbkd khn anjhgth y su rhnbajñg adg hn hgtdrgd. Hg hstb `bsh tbfcjêg sh jganuyhg nbs bgdtbajdghs hg nds kdaufhgtds bprdpjbkds kh nds aujkbkds prhstbkds bn pbajhgth. Gds sjrvhg pbrb vhrj`jabr quh sh hstâ nnhvbgkd b abcd hn ]nbg kh aujkbkds, pukjhgkd utjnjzbrsh adfd jgstrufhgtd pbrb hvbnubr nb h`jabajb khn ]nbg. Nb `bsh kh hohauajñg adgstjtuyh hn fdfhgtd adgarhtd kh prhstbajñg kh nds aujkbkds, hs khajr, nb puhstb hg prâatjab khn pnbg kh aujkbkds, kdgkh nb hg`hrfhrb, jgkjvjkud d `bfjnjb nnhvbg b abcd nbs batjvjkbkhs pnbgj`jabkbs. Hg hnnb, nb hg`hrfhrb gd sñnd rhbnjzb baajdghs phrsdgbnfhgth, sjgd quh tbfcjêg nnhvb b abcd ñrkhghs fêkjabs, bpnjab nbs pdnætjabs ehghrbnhs kh batubajñg kh nb jgstjtuajñg hg nb quh trbcbob y khajkh auân kh nbs fhkjkbs quh hn pnbg kh hg`hrfhræb lb prhvjstd, puhkh shr nnhvbkb b abcd pdr dtrds trbcbobkdrhs.

b. @bshs kh nb hohauajñg hohauajñg khn pnbg •

Hg nb ]rhpbrbajñg Hs kdgkh sh rhvjsb hn pnbg kh aujkbkds jkhbkd kurbgth nb pnbgj`jabajñg, sh vbndrb kh guhvd nds adgdajfjhgtds ghahsbrjds pdr pbrth kh nb hg`hrfhrb bsæ adfd hvbnubr nds rhaursds quh sh vbg b utjnjzbr y sh adgdah su phr`hatd hstbkd. Nb hg`hrfhrb adfpruhcb tdkds nds bsphatds quh tjhghg rhnbajñg adg su batubajñg? Qus adgdajfjhgtds, nds rhaursds kh quh kjspdgh, nds bsphatds êtjads d nhebnhs, nds h`hatds adnbthrbnhs kh nb hohauajñg khn pnbg y tbfcjêg sh khch jkhgtj`jabr nbs pdsjcnhs adfpnjabajdghs quh puhkhg bpbrhahr khrjvbkbs kh nb batjvjkbk kh hg`hrfhræb pbrb pdkhr batubr sdcrh hnnbs hg hn fdfhgtd kh su bpbrjajñg. Adgsheujrhfds ug bfcjhgth thrbpêutjad ghahsbrjd pbrb nb prhstbajñg kh aujkbkds y gds bsheurbrhfds quh hstbs baajdghs sh prhstbg khgtrd khn hgtdrgd kh batubajñg kh nb hg`hrfhræb.

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Hg nb `bsh kh Hohauajñg prdpjbfhgth kjalb (Jgthrvhgajñg) (Jgthrvhgajñg) Hs hn fdfhgtd hg hn quh sh adfjhgzb b rhbnjzbr nb batjvjkbk kh hg`hrfhræb, sh khch hvbnubr y rhpnbgj`jabr adgtjgubfhgth bn pbajhgth pbrb vbndrbr sj nds abfcjds kh su hstbkd prdfuhvhg ugb bnthrbajñg hg nb bsjsthgajb. Nb hg`hrfhrb batÿb thgjhgkd prhshgth nb adfdkjkbk y sheurjkbk `æsjab y psjadnñejab kh su pbajhgth. Nds arjthrjds kh sheurjkbk, adfphthgajb y h`jabajb, sdg nds prjgajpbnhs hg hsth fdfhgtd adgarhtd.

•

Hg nb `bsh kh ]dst]dst-hohauajñg hohauajñg Adfugjab b nds dtrds fjhfcrds khn hqujpd, tbgtd nb `drfb hg quh lb nnhvbkd b abcd sus baajdghs adfd nbs rhbaajdghs jgfhkjbtbs khn pbajhgth. Hstb adfugjabajñg sh nnhvb b abcd kh `drfb

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[hfb 3

hkjtdrjbn    }         ahp

drbn, adg nds adfhgtbrjds lbcjtubnhs bahrab kh nb fbralb kh nds pbajhgths prh`hrhgthfhgth hsarjtb hg nds `drfunbrjds hxjsthgths? •

  Kdaufhgtbajñg Qh khch rhbnjzbr hn rhejstrd adfpnhtd kh nb batjvjkbk kh hg`hrfhræb, y sh khch lbahr hg hn fdfhgtd kh rhbnjzbr nds aujkbkds, kh tbn fbghrb quh tdkds nds fjhfcrds khn hqujpd sh jg`drfhg kh su rhbnjzbajñg, bsæ sh hvjtbg kupnjajkbk kh aujkbkds u dnvjkds hg su prhstbajñg. Ldob kh hvdnuajñg u dcshrvbajdghs kh hg`hrfhræb..., nd quh phrfjth su pdsthrjdr hvbnubajñg.

c. ]uhstb hg fbralb kh nb batjvjkbk kh hg`hrfhræb Hxjsthg kjstjgtbs `drfbs kh lbahr quh nds hqujpds kh hg`hrfhræb pdgebg hg fbralb su batjvjkbk9 sheÿg nb `drfb kh kjvjkjr nb batjvjkbk puhkh shr •

]dr `ugajdghs Nbs tbrhbs sdg rhbnjzbkbs pdr `ugajdghs, kjvjkjhgkd y prderbfbgkd nds aujkbkds pbrb abkb ugd kh nds aujkbkds kh hg`hrfhræb.

•

Hg hqujpd Kdgkh ugb phrsdgb batÿb adfd adgkuatdr khn hqujpd, vbrjbgkd sheÿg nbs ghahsjkbkhs kh nds aujkbkds quh sh khchg prhstbr bn pbajhgth.

•

Hg`hrfhræb prjfbrjb Xgb sdnb hg`hrfhrb sh hgabreb khn pnbg kh aujkbkds kh ug pbajhgth, sjhgkd rhvjsbkd abkb 3; ldrbs. Nb hg`hrfhrb puhkh shr rhnhvbkb pdr dtrb pbrb hvjtbr hn abgsbgajd, phrd sdnbfhgth ugb hs nb rhspdgsbcnh khn pbajhgth y su pnbg kh aujkbkds.

a. Abrbathræstjabs kh nb hohauajñg khn pnbg Nb batubajñg d hohauajñg khn pnbg kh hg`hrfhræb khch rhbnjzbrsh thgjhgkd hg auhgtb? •

]nbg Hstbcnhajkd Hg hstb `bsh nb hg`hrfhrb khajkh auân kh nbs pdsjcnhs bnthrgbtjvbs quh hn pnbg lbyb suehrjkd hs nb fâs dpdrtugb d `batjcnh, kh bauhrkd adg nb sjtubajñg batubn khn pbajhgth y/d hn hgtdrgd. Hs khajr, sj hn pnbg lb hstbcnhajkd ugb næghb kh batubajñg khthrfjgbkb, nb hg`hrfhrb tdfb nb khajsjñg kh lbahrnd kh ugb `drfb adgarhtb, hg abkb fdfhgtd. Hohfpnd? „Fdvjnjzbajñg kh ug hg`hrfd abkb kds ldrbs‖, bn bpnjabr hsth aujkbkd, nb hg`hrfhrb tdfb nb khajsjñg kh lbahrnd kh ugb khthrfjgbkb fbghrb9 adndabajñg fâs adgvhgjhgth, fbsboh adfcjgbkd, utjnjzbajñg kh hsth fdfhgtd pbrb rhbnjzbr dtrds bsphatds khn pnbg, fhkjabajñg d aurb.

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Bahptbajñg Bahp tbajñg y pbrtjajpbajñg khn pbajhgth hg hn pnbg Hn pnbg sh hstbcnhah gd sñnd hg `ugajñg kh nbs ghahsjkbkhs khn jgkjvjkud, sjgd thgjhgkd hg auhgtb nb adnbcdrbajñg batjvb quh vb b bpdrtbr êsth. Kjalb pbrtjajpbajñg adgsajhgth y rhspdgsbcnh khn pbajhgth kurbgth nb `bsh kh hohauajñg, `bvdrhahrâ kh ugb `drfb fâs râpjkb nb vuhntb b su jgkhphgkhgajb.

]bphn khn Buxjnjbr kh Hg`hrfhræb

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hkjtdrjbn    }         ahp

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Nds dcohtjvds jkhgtj`jabkds Adfd yb sh lb kjald, nds dcohtjvds kh aujkbkds sdg nb pbutb euæb kh tdkd hn ]rdahsd kh Bthgajñg kh Hg`hrfhræb. Hg hstb `bsh, hg quh nb hg`hrfhrb batÿb kjrhatbfhgth sdcrh hn pbajhgth, hs fuy jfpdrtbgth quh gd pjhrkb kh vjstb nb `jgbnjkbk kh su jgthrvhgajñg, gd sñnd hg têrfjgds ehghrbnhs, sjgd hg pugtds adgarhtds, tbn adfd sh lbybg `drfunbkd nds dcohtjvds. Hohfpnd? prdvdabr nb hxphatdrbajñg fhkjbgth nb fdvjnjzbajñg.

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Nds rhaursds hxjsthgths Nds rhaursds vbg b khthrfjgbr hg fualds absds, nb prdpjb `drfb kh batubr kh ugb hg`hrfhrb d ug hqujpd kh hg`hrfhrbs. Hstds khchg lbchrsh thgjkd hg auhgtb b nb ldrb kh hnbcdrbr hn pnbg, phrd hs hg hn fdfhgtd kh nb hohauajñg hg hn quh su usd bkhaubkd sh adgvjhrth hg rhbnjkbk. Kh hstb fbghrb sh puhkh b`jrfbr quh ug pnbg kh hg`hrfhræb cjhg hohautbkd hs bquhn quh lb utjnjzbkd nds rhaursds kh nb fbghrb fâs h`jabz. Hstds rhaursds puhkhg shr? - Fbthrjbnhs? jgstrufhgtds, jg`rbhstruaturb... - Lufbgds? phrsdgbn kh hg`hrfhræb...

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Adgdajfjhgtds y lbcjnjkbkhs kh kh nds fjhfcrds khn hqujpd Bugquh hsth bpbrtbkd sh puhkh adgsjkhrbr ug rhaursd, fhrhah nb phgb khstbabr su jfpdrtbgajb, yb quh kh nds adgdajfjhgtds y lbcjnjkbkhs kh nbs hg`hrfbs quh hohautbg nb baajñg khphgkhg `ugkbfhgtbnfhgth nb h`jabajb kh hstb baajñg. Hstds adgdajfjhgtds sh lbg kh rh`hrjr? - Bn kdfjgjd kdfjgjd kh nbs lbcjnjkbkhs y khstrhzbs khstrhzbs rhnbajdgbkbs kjrhatbfhgth adg adg nb baajñg. - Bn adgdajfjhgtd adgdajfjhgtd kh nds bsphatds bsphatds thñrjads quh hstâg prhshgths hg hg nb batubajñg.

k. @drfbs kh batubajñg kh nb hg`hrfhræb ]brb nnhvbr b nb prâatjab hn pnbg kh aujkbkds kh hg`hrfhræb, nb hg`hrfhrb batÿb kh kj`hrhgths fbghrbs? - Shbnjzbgkd batjvjkbkhs prdpjbs. [dkbs bquhnnbs quh adgstjtuyhg nds aujkbkds kh Hg`hrfhræb y quh adgtrjcuyhg b nb fbydr adfdkjkbk, sheurjkbk y cjhghstbr khn pbajhgth hg hn prdahsd kh su hg`hrfhkbk d quh byukbg bn jgkjvjkud sbgd hg hn fbgthgjfjhgtd kh ug hnhvbkd gjvhn kh sbnuk. Hstbs batjvjkbkhs puhkhg shr? √

Hohauajñg kh ug aujkbkd adgarhtd. Hohfpnd? Bnjfhgtbajñg pdr Q.G.E.

√

Hstjfunbajñg pbrb nb batubajñg khn pbajhgth d `bfjnjb. Hohfpnd? Hstbcnhahr gdrfbs pbrb nb khbfcunbajñg kh ug jgkjvjkud fjgusvânjkd.

√

Hgshòbgzb rh`hrjkb b lâcjtds kh sbnuk. Hohfpnd? Drjhgtbajñg hg nb ljejhgh ehghrbn y bnjfhgtbrjb kh ug pbajhgth adndstdfjzbkd hg hn bfcjhgth hxtrbldspjtbnbrjd.

Hstds trhs bsphatds kh nb prhstbajñg kh aujkbkds sh kbg lbcjtubnfhgth kh `drfb adgougtb, bugquh b vhahs sh tjhgkh b byukbr bn pbajhgth hg hxahsd, qujzâ hg rbzñg kh nb abreb kh

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[hfb 3

hkjtdrjbn    }         ahp

trbcbod, quh hg dabsjdghs kj`jauntb nbs tbrhbs kh drjhgtbajñg y hgshòbgzb. B vhahs, gds dabsjdgb fhgds trbcbod batubr adfd sustjtutd khn prdpjd jgkjvjkud, quh prhpbrbrnh pbrb shr butdsu`jajhgth. - Hohrajhgkd baajdghs khrjvbkbs kh nb prâatjab kh dtrd prd`hsjdgbn. Hn aufpnjfjhgtd kh ñrkhghs fêkjabs, ehghrbnfhgth rh`hrjkbs b thrbpêutjabs pdr fhkjabfhgtds, hs ugb anbrb `drfb kh batubajñg khrjvbkb kh nb hg`hrfhrb (@ugajdghs Khnhebkbs). Hsth tjpd kh batubajñg puhkh `drfbr pbrth kh ug pnbg kh aujkbkds kh hg`hrfhræb, bn jgadrpdrbr bn pnbg tdkbs bquhnnbs prhsarjpajdghs lhalbs pdr dtrds prd`hsjdgbnhs (fêkjads, `jsjdthrbphutbs, psjañndeds...). - Khnhebgkd batjvjkbkhs. Hg hstb `bsh kh hohauajñg, nb hg`hrfhrb hgabrebkb hgabrebkb khn pbajhgth khajkh nb `drfb adgarhtb kh nnhvbr b abcd hn aujkbkd prhsarjtd hg hn pnbg. Hg hsth shgtjkd, tbfcjêg khthrfjgb sj bneugb kh nbs batjvjkbkhs quh hn pnbg adfprhgkh puhkh shr rhbnjzbkb pdr dtrd trbcbobkdr khn erupd kh hg`hrfhræb? Buxjnjbr pdr hohfpnd. Nb khnhebajñg kh hstbs batjvjkbkhs sjegj`jab hn fâs bkhaubkd usd kh nds rhaursds bsjsthgajbnhs kjspdgjcnhs y gd puhkh sjegj`jabr nb khnhebajñg tdtbn kh nb rhspdgsbcjnjkbk khn aujkbkd, quh sjeuhg sjhgkd nb prjgajpbn `ugajñg kh nb hg`hrfhrb b trbvês kh tdkd hn pnbg. ]dr hnnd, sh khch hstbcnhahr gd sñnd ugb `drfb bkhaubkb kh khnhebajñg quh gd phrfjtb adg`usjdghs y dnvjkds, sjgd tbfcjêg ug adgtrdn kh nb batjvjkbk khnhebkb y su adrrhatd aufpnjfjhgtd.

H. Hvbnubajñg d adgtrdn Hg hstb ÿntjfb `bsh hn hg`hrfhrd/b vbndrb lbstb quê pugtd sh lbg bnabgzbkd nds dcohtjvds hshgajbnhs. Qh vbndrb hn prderhsd khn anjhgth, sh hstbcnhahg nbs fhkjkbs adrrhatdrbs sj hs ghahsbrjd y sh rhvjsb hn pnbg kh aujkbkds. Hs hn prdahsd kh vhrj`jabajñg khn prderhsd khn pbajhgth lbajb sus dcohtjvds kh sbnuk. Kh ugb fbghrb ehghrbn, tbfcjêg sh puhkh bpnjabr hsth têrfjgd b dtrbs sjtubajdghs, tbnhs adfd nb adgstbtbajñg kh nb abnjkbk khn trbcbod kh Hg`hrfhræb kh ugb jgstjtuajñg pdr fhkjd kh ugb bukjtdræb, d nb vbndrbajñg khn trbcbod jgkjvjkubn kh ugb hg`hrfhrb b trbvês kh nb butdhvbnubajñg, bsæ adfd nds rhsuntbkds khn trbcbod kh tdkd hn phrsdgbn. ]hrfjth adgdahr sj nds dcohtjvds `jobkds sh lbg bnabgzbkd y fdkj`jabr d adrrhejr nbs hstrbthejbs y batjvjkbkhs kh nb jgthrvhgajñg. Khthrfjgb hn gjvhn kh abnjkbk kh nds aujkbkds prhstbkds, vhrkbkhrbfhgth nd hvbnubkd sdg nds aujkbkds prhstbkds y nb batjvjkbk kh hg`hrfhræb. hg`hrfhræb. Adgstb kh ugb guhvb vbndrbajñg quh shrâ adfpbrbkb adg nb rhbnjzbkb bn adfjhgzd khn ]BH, nb aubn adgvjhgh quh gd shb rhbnjzbkb pdr nb fjsfb phrsdgb quh ljzd nb prjfhrb pbrb hvjtbr shsebr nb jg`drfbajñg. Rujzâ pdr hstb kjvhrsjkbk kh hg`dquhs nb htbpb kh hvbnubajñg sh suhnh tdfbr hg fhgdr adgsjkhrbajñg quh hn rhstd khn prdahsd. Nd jkhbn shræb quh nb hvbnubajñg `drfbrb pbrth kh abkb adfpdghgth khn prdahsd, yb quh nb hg`hrfhrb batÿb adgstbgthfhgth adfpbrbgkd hn rhsuntbkd kh su batjvjkbk, adg nd quh jgjajbnfhgth sh prdpusd lbahr khskh hn fdfhgtd kh nb vbndrbajñg. Jeubnfhgth, kurbgth nb pnbgj`jabajñg y hohauajñg sh vbg hvbnubgkd nds bvbgahs quh lbah hn pbajhgth lbajb nb sbnuk y hnjejhgkd hg adgshauhgajb, ugb `drfb u dtrb kh batubr pbrb bnabgzbr nds dcohtjvds. @jgbnfhgth, hn fhkjr nb rhspuhstb kh nb adgkuatb `jgbn khn pbajhgth trbs nb bpnjabajñg khn pnbg, nb hg`hrfhrb puhkh rhdrkhgbr, fdkj`jabr d abfcjbr nbs prjdrjkbkhs quh sh lucjhrbg fbrabkd. Hs b hstb `drfb kh hvbnubajñg sjsthfâtjab b nb quh sh rh`jhrh hn khsbrrdnnd kh hsth thfb. ]bphn khn Buxjnjbr kh Hg`hrfhræb

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hkjtdrjbn    }         ahp

 Bn lbcnbr kh hvbnubajñg hvbnubajñg lby quh thghr thghr hg auhgtb? -

Bsphatds quh lby quh hvbnubr? hvbnubr? sjtubajñg jgjajbn, prdahsd kh kh abfcjd, rhsuntbkds bnabgzbkds...

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Ardgdndeæb kh nb hvbnubajñg? hvbnubajñg? nb hvbnubajñg khch khch shr adgtjgub y phrfbghgth b nd nbred kh tdkd hn prdahsd.

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Fhtdkdndeæb kh nb hvbnubajñg? nbs têagjabs têagjabs d jgstrufhgtds pbrb rhbnjzbr nbs hvbnubajdghs puhkhg shr kjstjgtds tjpds? auhstjdgbrjds, dcshrvbajñg, bukjtdræbs... bukjtdræbs...

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Shspdgsbcjnjkbk kh nb hvbnubajñg? sj sh adgsjkhrb quh hn prdahsd kh kh bthgajñg bthgajñg kh hg`hrfhræb kjrjejkd b nb `bfjnjb y b nb adfugjkbk hs ug trbcbod adgougtd hgtrh prd`hsjdgbn y anjhgth, hg hn quh êsth lbah ug pbphn batjvd, hs hvjkhgth quh hn anjhgth hs ugd kh nds hnhfhgtds `ugkbfhgtbnhs hg nb hvbnubajñg. Gbkjh fhodr quh ên puhkh khthrfjgbr sus prderhsds y hn bnabgah kh nds dcohtjvds.

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Shejstrd kh nds kbtds? nb bgdtbajñg khn khn pnbg kh aujkbkds hs hs ug pbsd jfprhsajgkjcnh pbrb fbgthghr nb adgtjgujkbk kh nds aujkbkds y hvbnubr pdsthrjdrfhgth nds prdahkjfjhgtds y nds rhsuntbkds bnabgzbkds.

b. Kh`jgjajñg Nb hvbnubajñg adgstjtuyh hn ÿntjfd pbsd hg hn ].B.H., bugquh, adfd sh lb kjald, puhkh adjgajkjr adg nb hohauajñg sj nds dcohtjvds gd sh lbg bnabgzbkd. Qh puhkh kh`jgjr hstb `bsh adfd bquhnnb hg nb quh sh vbndrbg nds prderhsds khn pbajhgth hg su abfpd lbajb nb sbnuk, pdr fhkjd kh nb adfpbrbajñg kh nds rhsuntbkds kh nbs baajdghs adg nds dcohtjvds prdpuhstds, pbrb bkdptbr nbs fhkjkbs adrrhatdrbs khn pnbg kh aujkbkds quh `uhrbg ghahsbrjbs. Hg hstb `bsh sh tjhghg hg auhgtb nbs adgkuatbs khn pbajhgth hg hn fdfhgtd kh nb hvbnubajñg, hg rhnbajñg adg nbs quh sh hsphrbcbg dcthghr kh bauhrkd adg nds dcohtjvds hstbcnhajkds.

c. Hnhfhgtds kh hvbnubajñg d adgtrdn •

@jgbnjkbk kh Adgtrdn Adfd hg aubnqujhr dtrd prdahkjfjhgtd sjsthfâtjad sh puhkhg adgsjkhrbr trhs `jgbnjkbkhs. - Nb sjfpnh dcshrvbajñg dcshrvbajñg sdcrh hn trbcbod rhbnjzbkd, hs khajr nb vhrj`jabajñg kh sj hn pnbg sh lb rhbnjzbkd tbn adfd sh hstbcnhajñ. - Adgstbtbr (fâs jfpdrtbgth) sj sh lbg adgsheujkd d gd nds dcohtjvds hstbcnhajkds, hs khajr, sj hn pbajhgth lb fhodrbkd d sj su adgkuatb sh bkbptb b nb quh sh lbcæb pnbgj`jabkd. - Nds kds kds bsphatds bgthrjdrhs quh sh kbg sjfuntâghbfhgth adgkuahg b ugb thrahrb `jgbnjkbk kh adgtrdn, quh hs nb kh fhodrbr nb abnjkbk khn shrvjajd prhstbkd, hstd hs, fhodrbr nb abnjkbk khn pnbg kh aujkbkds. Gjgeÿg sjsthfb kh adgtrdn tjhgh shgtjkd sj gd sh khsprhgkh kh ên nb bkdpajñg kh nbs fhkjkbs kh adrrhaajñg y fhodrbs phrtjghgths hg rbzñg kh nds rhsuntbkds dcthgjkds.

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Shspdgsbcjnjkbk khn adgtrdn Hsth hnhfhgtd sh rh`jhrh b kds bsphatds? - Rujêg khthrfjgb quh hs nd quh sh vb b hvbnubr. Hg hsth prdahsd sh lb adgtbkd adg nb adnbcdrbajñg h jgthrvhgajñg khn jgkjvjkud b`hatbkd, hg hn fdfhgtd kh nb khajsjñg sdcrh nb hvbnubajñg khchg shr tbgtd hn pbajhgth adfd nb hg`hrfhrb qujhghs tdfhg pbrth. [bfcjêg hs nñejad quh puhkbg pbrtjajpbr dtrds fjhfcrds khn hqujpd quh lbybg thgjkd quh vhr adg nb puhstb hg prâatjab khn pnbg. - Rujêg rhbnjzb nb hvbnubajñg d qujhg rhspdgkh sdcrh nb hvbnubajñg rhbnjzbkb. Bquæ guhvbfhgth guhvbfhgth sh puhkh b`jrfbr quh nb hg`hrfhrb hgabrebkb hs nb rhspdgsbcnh, tbgtd kh lbahr nb hvbnubajñg kh nds aujkbkds quh hnnb fjsfb lb prhstbkd adfd kh khobr adgstbgajb hsarjtb kh hstb hvbnubajñg, nb adnbcdrbajñg khn pbajhgth y khn rhstd khn hqujpd tbfcjêg hs khshbcnh, phrd gd sh khch khnhebr hg hnnds hstb jfpdrtbgth rhspdgsbcjnjkbk.

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Hn tjhfpd hg quh sh rhbnjzb hn adgtrdn d hvbnubajñg hvbnubajñg Adfd sh lb kjald bgths, hg ug shgtjkd bfpnjd, nb hvbnubajñg hs ug prdahsd adgtjgud. Qjg hfcbred, bn hvbnubr nds rhsuntbkds kh nbs baajdghs adgarhtbs hfprhgkjkbs sjeujhgkd ug pnbg kh aujkbkds kh hg`hrfhræb, sh puhkhg hstbcnhahr bneugds fdfhgtds hsphaæ`jads pbrb hvbnubr. - Kh `drfb phrjñkjab. Bn rhbnjzbr abkb hg`hrfhrb ugb rhvjsjñg kh nds rhsuntbkds dcthgjkds adg nb bpnjabajñg kh nds aujkbkds. Hstb hvbnubajñg phrjñkjab tbfcjêg hs h`hatjvb dcnjebtdrjbfhgth hg nds abfcjds kh turgd y hg nds tjhfpds quh sh lbybg hstbcnhajkd pdr hn hqujpd pbrb rhvjsbr hn pnbg, pdr hohfpnd, bn adfhgzbr hn turgd kh fbòbgb y shr kjstrjcujkd hn trbcbod hg abkb ugjkbk. Nb `rhauhgajb `rhauhgajb adg quh sh rhbnjzb hstb hvbnubajñg phrjñkjab hs hs vbrjbcnh y khphgkh khphgkh kh nb sjtubajñg khn jgkjvjkud b qujhg sh aujkb y kh sus prdcnhfbs y ghahsjkbkhs9 ug pbajhgth rhajêg jgthrvhgjkd prhajsbrâ ugb hvbnubajñg fâs `rhauhgth quh dtrd hg `rbgad prdahsd kh rhauphrbajñg pdr hohfpnd. - @jgbn Bn kbr pdr thrfjgbkd ug pnbg kh aujkbkds pdr rhsdnuajñg rhsdnuajñg kh nds prdcnhfbs prdcnhfbs pnbgthbkds bn pbajhgth. Hstds kds fdfhgtds kh hvbnubajñg dctjhghg ugds rhsuntbkds kj`hrhgths? √

Adg nb hvbnubajñg phrjñkjab sh cusab fdkj`jabr hn pnbg kh aujkbkds, kh bauhrkd adg nb hxjsthgajb d gd kh prderhsd hg hn pbajhgth y adg hn pdsjcnh abfcjd kh su sjtubajñg.

√

Hg nb hvbnubajñg `jgbn? nds rhsuntbkds kh nb hvbnubajñg puhkhg adgtrjcujr b barhahgtbr nds adgdajfjhgtds ehghrbnhs quh sh thgebg sdcrh nb sjtubajñg khthrfjgbkb khn pbajhgth.

Hg adgshauhgajb, adgshauhgajb, hstb hvbnubajñg puhkh byukbr b `drfunbr `drfunbr `uturds pnbghs adg sjfjnbrhs abrbathræstjabs.

a. Jgstrufhgtds kh hvbnubajñg Hn adgtrdn d hvbnubajñg kh nds aujkbkds lb kh lbahrsh kh bauhrkd adg gdrfbs ehghrbnhs quh shbg adgdajkbs pdr tdkds nds jgtherbgths khn erupd kh hg`hrfhræb, hg nbs quh sh hsphaj`jquh d quhkh hstbcnhajkd hn erbkd hg quh sh prhthgkh adgsheujr nds dcohtjvds y, hg adgshauhgajb, drjhgthg b tdkds bahrab kh nb bkhaubkb dcthgajñg kh hstds dcohtjvds. Hstbs gdrfbs sh khgdfjgbg arjthrjds y hstâgkbrhs.

]bphn khn Buxjnjbr kh Hg`hrfhræb

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  Arjthrjds Qdg aubnjkbkhs, btrjcutds d abrbathræstjabs fhkjcnhs, quh hsphaj`jabg lbcjnjkbkhs, adgdajfjhgtds d hstbkds kh sbnuk, khsarjcjhgkd gjvhnhs bahptbcnhs kh su dcthgajñg. Hg nb hvbnubajñg sh utjnjzbg pbrb kh`jgjr hn gjvhn kh aujkbkds kh hg`hrfhræb, bn `jobr hn gjvhn hsphaæ`jad quh sh khch bnabgzbr kh abkb ugd kh hnnds, kbgkd jkhb kh ug erbkd kh gdrfbnjkbk bn quh tdkds nds hg`hrfds sh puhkhg rh`hrjr. Qh puhkhg hstbcnhahr kj`hrhgths anbshs kh arjthrjds? - @jsjdnñejads, tbnhs adfd thfphrbturb gdrfbn, prhsjñg brthrjbn, adndrbajñg. - Lbcjnjkbkhs quh ug pbajhgth puhkh khfdstrbr, tbn adfd nb bkfjgjstrbajñg kh jgsunjgb kh `drfb sheurb. - Gjvhn kh adgdajfjhgtd kh ug jgkjvjkud, bahrab kh su hg`hrfhkbk, pdr hohfpnd. - Adgkuatbs kh bkbptbajñg kh ugb khthrfjgbkb sjtubajñg, pdr hohfpnd, nb abpbajkbk pbrb nnhvbr b abcd batjvjkbkhs kh nb vjkb kjbrjb.

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  Hstâgkbrhs Shprhshgtbg nds gjvhnhs bahptbcnhs kh rhbnjzbajñg khn trbcbod kh hg`hrfhræb y kh nds dtrds fjhfcrds khn hqujpd. B`hatbg fâs pdr hnnd b nb prd`hsjñg kh `drfb endcbn, quh bn aujkbkd kh ug pbajhgth jgkjvjkubn. Nds hstâgkbrhs sh hstbcnhahg pdr nbs butdrjkbkhs kh nb prd`hsjñg (nds fâs adgdajkds sdg nds kh nb Bsdajbajñg Bfhrjabgb kh Hg`hrfhrbs kh 2:51). [dkds nds hxjsthgths khchg shr khsbrrdnnbkds pbrb fhodrbr nds gjvhnhs kh prâatjab, yb quh prdpdrajdgbg ug fbrad kh rh`hrhgajb quh ouzeb nb abnjkbk khn trbcbod kh nb hg`hrfhrb.

k. @drfbs kh hvbnubajñg d adgtrdn •

Dcshrvbajñg kjrhatb d jgkjrhatb Hsth tjpd kh hvbnubajñg sh utjnjzb pbrb adfprdcbr nb adgshauajñg kh bneugds dcohtjvds, tbnhs adfd khsahgsd kh nb thfphrbturb, fhodrb kh nb rhspjrbajñg. Hstb dcshrvbajñg, sjg hfcbred, pbrb quh puhkb shr vânjkb y ÿtjn pbrb tdkd hn hqujpd, khch quhkbr rhejstrbkb hg nb ldob kh dcshrvbajdghs.

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Adfprdcbajñg kh nds Shejstrds Shejstrds kh Hg`hrfhræb Hstds rhejstrds gd sñnd sdg ug hnhfhgtd jgkjsphgsbcnh kh adfugjabajñg hgtrh hn phrsdgbn, sjgd quh adgstjtuyhg ugb kh nbs prjgajpbnhs `uhgths pbrb nb hvbnubajñg kh nds bvbgahs khn pbajhgth lbajb ug fhodr hstbkd kh sbnuk. ]dr hnnd hstbs bgdtbajdghs khchg shr lhalbs adg erbg aujkbkd, prdaurbgkd rhadehr tdkds bquhnnds kbtds sjegj`jabtjvds rh`hrjkds b nb sjtubajñg khn jgkjvjkud hg rhnbajñg adg hn pnbg, b `jg kh quh puhkbg shr utjnjzbkds hg nb rhvjsjñg y fhodrb kh hsh pnbg kh aujkbkds.

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Nbs Shugjdghs kh Erupd Hg`dabkbs bn hstukjd kh nds prdcnhfbs kh ug pbajhgth d nds jg`drfhs kjbrjds kh abfcjd kh turgd. Hg hsth tjpd kh rhugjdghs sh puhkh rhvjsbr nb sjtubajñg khn pbajhgth kjsautjhgkd hgtrh

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tdkds nds fjhfcrds khn hqujpd nb adgshauajñg d gd kh nds dcohtjvds y su pdsjcnh fdkj`jabajñg. ]uhkhg shr kh erbg utjnjkbk bn pbrtjajpbr hg nb kjsausjñg tdkds nds jgtherbgths khn erupd kh hg`hrfhræb y adgtbr adg vbrjbkbs dpjgjdghs (hg`hrfhrbs, bnufgds, buxjnjbrhs), bahrab khn fjsfd prdcnhfb. Nb hvbnubajñg hs ugb adfpbrbajñg sjsthfâtjab y pnbghbkb, khn hstbkd kh sbnuk kh pbajhgth adg dcohtjvds y fhtbs kh`jgjkds, hs ugb batjvjkbk khnjchrbk y prderhsjvb, quh adfprhgkh bn pbajhgth, nb hg`hrfhrb, y dtrds fjhfcrds kh hqujpd khn aujkbkd kh nb sbnuk. Shqujhrh hn adgdajfjhgtd kh nb sbnuk, `jsjdpbtdndeæb, y nbs hstrbthejbs kh hvbnubajñg. Nb hvbnubajñg hs, adg `rhauhgajb, nb pbrth fâs dnvjkbkb khn ]rdahsd kh Bthgajñg kh Hg`hrfhræb. Hxbfjgb auhstjdghs adfd9 ´@uh h`jabz nb bthgajñg b nb sbnuk4, ´Qh bnabgzbrdg nbs fhtbs y dcohtjvds lbstb hn erbkd hsphaj`jabkd4, ´Nds abfcjds hg nb adgkuatb khn pbajhgth sh drjhgtbrdg lbajb nb kjrhaajñg hsphrbkb4 Qj hs bsæ, ´Ruê hstrbthejbs `uhrdg h`jabahs4 Qj gd, ´Ruê `bnnñ hg hn aujkbkd kh hg`hrfhræb4 Bn fhkjr hn prderhsd khn pbajhgth lbajb hn nderd kh nds dcohtjvds, nb hg`hrfhrb ouzeb nb h`jabajb kh nbs baajdghs, kh hsth fdkd hs abpbz kh bprhajbr nb abnjkbk kh su shrvjajd y khthrfjgbr nb `drfb kh fhodrbrnd. Bsæ khfuhstrb nb rhspdgsbcjnjkbk pdr sus baajdghs. Hstb rhspdgsbcjnjkbk jfpnjab jgthrês pdr nb adgkuatb prdpjb y rhqujhrh nb abpbajkbk kh kh`jgjr, hxpnjabr y fhkjr nds rhsuntbkds kh nbs baajdghs kh hg`hrfhræb. Nb hvbnubajñg jkhgtj`jab bquhnnbs hstrbthejbs h`jabahs y puhkh prdfdvhr nb jgvhstjebajñg hg hg`hrfhræb. Hstbs ajgad `bshs, b phsbr kh shr jgkhphgkjhgths, sdg jfpdsjcnhs kh shpbrbr hg nb prâatjab rhbn yb quh hstâg jgthrrhnbajdgbkbs. Pbndrbajñg? hs nb prjfhrb `bsh khn prdahsd kh Hg`hrfhræb quh adgsjsth hg nb rhadejkb

y drebgjzbajñg kh nds kbtds quh adgajhrghg b nb phrsdgb, `bfjnjb y hgtdrgd. Qdg nb cbsh pbrb nbs khajsjdghs y batubajdghs pdsthrjdrhs.

Kjbegñstjad kh Hg`hrfhræb? hs hn oujajd d adganusjñg quh sh prdkuah adfd rhsuntbkd

kh nb vbndrbajñg kh hg`hrfhræb

]nbgj`jabajñg? sh khsbrrdnnbg hstrbthejbs pbrb prhvhgjr, fjgjfjzbr d adrrhejr nds

prdcnhfbs, khthrfjgbgkd nds dcohtjvds b adgsheujr, bsæ adfd pbrb prdfdajdgbr nb sbnuk Hohauajñg? hs nb rhbnjzbajñg d puhstb hg prâatjab kh nds aujkbkds prderbfbkds

  2.< ]rdpjhkbkhs Hg hsth prdahsd sh lbg khsarjtd 0 prdpjhkbkhs?

B. Hs Shsuhntd yb quh vb kjrjejkd b ug dcohtjvd Nb hg`hrfhræb utjnjzb nbs `bshs khn prdahsd pbrb prdpdrajdgbr ugds aujkbkds kh abnjkbk ahgtrbkds hg hn anjhgth? phrsdgb, `bfjnjb d adfugjkbk (@jgbnjkbk).

]bphn khn Buxjnjbr kh Hg`hrfhræb

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C. Hs Qjsthfât Qjsthfâtjad jad Jfpnjab nb utjnjzbajñg kh ug hg`dquh drebgjzbkd pbrb nderbr sus prdpñsjtds. Fhodrbgkd nb abnjkbk y hvjtbgkd nds prdcnhfbs quh adgnnhvb nb jgtujajñg d nb trbkjajñg.

A. Hs Kjgâfjad Zb quh jfpnjab ug abfcjd adgtjgud ahgtrbkd hg nbs rhspuhstbs abfcjbgths khn anjhgth, b nd nbred kh nb rhnbajñg adg su prd`hsjdgbn kh hg`hrfhræb.

K. Hs Jgthrbatj Jgthrbatjvd vd Nbs htbpbs khn prdahsd hstâg hstrhalbfhgth rhnbajdgbkbs hgtrh sæ, abkb ugb khphgkh kh nb prhajsjñg kh nb htbpb quh nh prhahkh. Hstb gbturbnhzb jgthrbatjvb sh cbsb hg nbs rhnbajdghs rhaæprdabs hxjsthgths hgtrh Hg`hrfhræb, anjhgth, `bfjnjb y dtrds.

H. Hs @nhxjcnh b) Qh puhkh bkbptbr b nb prâatjab hg aubnqujhr sjtubajñg d ârhb kh hsphajbnjzbajñg quh sh dauph kh jgkjvjkuds, erupds d adfugjkbkhs. c) Qus `bshs puhkhg utjnjzbrsh hg `drfb suahsjvb d adgaurrhgthfhgth. Hn prdahsd puhkh utjnjzbrsh hg shauhgajb kh `bshs d utjnjzbr fâs kh ugb htbpb b nb vhz.

@. Adg Cbsh [hñrjab Hn prdahsd lb sjkd jkhbkd b pbrtjr kh ugb bfpnjb cbsh kh adgdajfjhgtds hg nds quh adgaurrhg kj`hrhgths kjsajpnjgbs? @jsjdndeæb, Bgbtdfæb, ]sjadndeæb, Qdajdndeæb, Cjdndeæb, hta., pukjhgkd bpnjabrsh b aubnqujhrb kh nds fdkhnds thñrjads kh Hg`hrfhræb.

  2.: Jfpnjabajdghs khn ]rdahsd B. ]brb ] brb nb prd`hsjñg Kh`jgh hn âfcjtd kh nb prâatjab kh Hg`hrfhræb? bgth hn usubrjd d bgth dtrds prd`hsjdgbnhs. Qh khstbab quh hn abfpd kh nb Hg`hrfhræb hs bned fâs quh nb sdnb hohauajñg khn pnbg kh Aujkbkds sheÿg prhsarjch hn fêkjad. Jkhgtj`jab gdrfbs kh bthgajñg, Gdrfbs ehgêrjabs kh nb prbatjab (Bfhrjabg Gurshs Bssdajbtjdg, BGB) Nb rhadejkb kh kbtds sdcrh hn hstbkd kh sbnuk khn anjhgth/pbajhgth hs sjsthfâtjab y adgtjgub. Nds kbtds sdg? baahsjcnhs, adfugjabkds y bgdtbkds. - Hn kjbegñstjad kh Hg`hrfhræb sh khrjvb khrjvb kh nds kbtds sdcrh hn hn hstbkd kh Qbnuk. - Hn ]nbg kh Bthgajñg kh Hg`hrfhræb jganuyh dcohtjvds khrjvbkds khn kjbegñstjad kh hg`hrfhræb.

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- Hn ]nbg kh bthgajñg kh Hg`hrfhræb jganuyh prjdrjkbkhs y hg`dquhs d fhkjkbs kh Hg`hrfhræb prhsarjtds pbrb bnabgzbr nds dcohtjvds prdahkhgths khn kjbegñstjad kh Hg`hrfhræb. - Nbs baajdghs kh Hg`hrfhræb lbahg quh hn pbajhgth pbrtjajph hg nb prdfdajñg, fbgthgjfjhgtd y hstbcnhajfjhgtd kh nb Qbnuk. - Nbs baajdghs kh Hg`hrfhræb byukbg bn pbajhgth b bufhgtbr sus abpbajkbkhs kh Qbnuk? - Hn prderhsd d nb `bntb kh prderhsd quh tjhghg hn pbajhgth lbajb hn nderd khn dcohtjvd hstâ hstâ khthrfjgbkd pdr hn/nb Hg`hrfhrd/b y hn anjhgth. - Hn prderhsd d nb `bntb kh prderhsd quh tjhgh hn pbajhgth lbajb hn nderd khn dcohtjvd kjrjeh nb rhvbndrjzbajñg, hn rhejstrd kh prdpjhkbkhs, nb `jobajñg kh guhvds dcohtjvds y nb rhvjsjñg khn pnbg kh bthgajñg kh Hg`hrfhræb.

C. ]brb hn anjhgth Hn anjhgth sh chgh`jajb khn usd khn prdahsd kh Hg`hrfhræb, yb  Hn prdahsd hs pbrth quh ebrbgtjzb ugb bthgajñg kh abnjkbk, hvjtb quh sh prdkuzjfprhsajgkjcnh hg nb abg dfjsjdghs d kupnjabajdghs hg nb bthgajñg prhstbkb, sh bkfjgjstrbajñg kh kbtds kh hstjfunb b nb phrsdgb b pbrtjajpbr batjvbfhgth hg hn pnbg kh hg`hrfhræb y pdr hsh fdtjvd aujkbkds bn hstbr jgvdnuarbkd hg abkb ugb kh nbs ajgad `bshs, gd puhkh dfjtjrsh bgth nb pukjêgkdsh adfprdfhthr pbrb pdkhr bnabgzbr nbs fhtbs rhbnjzbajñg kh batjvjkbkhs quh sh lbybg hstbcnhajkd y `dfhgtb nb adgtjgujkbk kh nds prd`hsjdgbnhs b guhstrds aujkbkds, bn rh`nhobr pdr hsarjtd hn pnbg kh aujkbkds, sjhgkd kh hstb fbghrb pdsjcnh hn pdkhr shr bthgkjkd pdr aubnqujhr anjhgths. dtrd fjhfcrd khn hqujpd bugquh gd nh adgdzab yb quh su pnbg hstâ hsarjtd y gd hs ghahsbrjd vdnvhr b rhbnjzbr tdkd hn prdahsd kh guhvd.

A. ]brb hn prd`hsjdgbn Bufhgtb nb sbtjs`baajñg Nbcdrbn yb quh jfpnjab ug khsbrrdnnd kh nb prd`hsjñg. Nbs rhadfphgsbs quh sh dctjhghg, b fhgukd sh khrjvbg kh nb abpbajkbk khn ]rd`hsjdgbn kh byukbr bn anjhgth b sbtjs`bahr nbs ghahsjkbkhs jkhgtj`jabkbs, pdthgajb nb prd`hsjdgbnjkbk, hstjfunb nb arhbtjvjkbk y nbs jggdvbajdghs b nb ldrb kh sdnuajdgbr nds prdcnhfbs kh nds aujkbkds kh hg`hrfhræb.

K. ]brb hn hqujpd kh hg`hrfhræb - Bpdrtb ugb hkuabajñg adgstbgth. - ]rdpdrajdgb sbtjs`baajñg hg hn nuebr kh trbcbod, sdcrh tdkd sj vhfds nds dcohtjvds adgsheujkds. adgsheujkds. - B trbvês kh nb hvbnubajñg sh vh sj nds aujkbkds sdg h`hatjvds adg 2d aubn sjrvh kh arhajfjhgtd phrsdgbn y prd`hsjdgbn.

3. @XGAJDGH @ XGAJDGHQ, Q, ]SDAHK ]SDAHKJFJHG[D JFJHG[DQ Q Z [BSHBQ Adrrhspdgkh b nbs Buxjnjbrhs kh Hg`hrfhræb hohrahr, hg ehghrbn, nds shrvjajds adfpnhfhgtbrjds kh nb bsjsthgajb sbgjtbrjb hg bquhnnds bsphatds quh gd shbg kh nb adfphthgajb khn ]hrsdgbn Buxjnjbr Qbgjtbrjd [jtunbkd. B tbnhs h`hatds, sh bthgkrâg b nbs jgstruaajdghs quh rhajcbg khn ajtbkd phrsdgbn quh

]bphn khn Buxjnjbr kh Hg`hrfhræb

55

hkjtdrjbn    }         ahp

thgeb btrjcujkb nb rhspdgsbcjnjkbk hg nb hs`hrb kh su adfphthgajb khn Khpbrtbfhgtd d Qhrvjajd kdgkh batÿhg nbs jgthrhsbkbs, y, hg tdkd absd, khphgkhrâg kh nb Oh`bturb kh Hg`hrfhræb y kh nb Kjrhaajñg khn Ahgtrd. Jeubnfhgth aufpnjrâg bquhnnbs dtrbs `ugajdghs quh sh shòbnhg hg nds Shenbfhgtds kh Jgstjtuajdghs Qbgjtbrjbs y nbs jgstruaajdghs prdpjbs kh abkb Ahgtrd, hg aubgtd gd sh dpdgebg b nd hstbcnhajkd hg hn prhshgth Hstbtutd. Qh daupb kh bthgkhr kjrhatbfhgth bn pbajhgth khskh su jgerhsd lbstb su bntb, pdr hsth fdtjvd hs jfpdrtbgth quh adgdzab nbs aubnjkbkhs y abrbathræstjabs kh ug cuhg prd`hsjdgbn, pbrb bsæ pdkhr trbcbobr h`jabzfhgth. Nbs `ugajdghs khn Buxjnjbr, adfd tdkbs nbs quh hgtrbg khgtrd kh su adfphthgajb, puhkhg shr kjstjgtbs sheÿg hn nuebr hg quh khshfphòh su trbcbod (sbnbs, qujrñ`bgds, urehgajbs hta.) Nbs `ugajdghs kh nbs Buxjnjbrhs kh Hg`hrfhræb hg nds Qhrvjajds kh Hg`hrfhræb shrâg? - Lbahr nbs abfbs kh nds hg`hrfds, hxahptd aubgkd pdr su hstbkd nh adrrhspdgkb bn Byukbgth [êagjad Qbgjtbrjd d Hg`hrfhrb, byukbgkd b nds fjsfds hg hsth absd. - Shbnjzbr hn bshd y njfpjhzb kh nds hg`hrfds, byukbgkd bn ]hrsdgbn Buxjnjbr Qbgjtbrjd [jtunbkd, aubgkd nb sjtubajñg khn hg`hrfd nd rhqujhrb. - Nnhvbr nbs auòbs b nds hg`hrfds y rhtjrbrnbs, thgjhgkd aujkbkd kh su njfpjhzb. - Shbnjzbr nb njfpjhzb kh nds abrrds abrrds kh aurbs y kh su fbthrjbn. - Nb rhahpajñg rhahpajñg kh nds abrrds kh adfjkb y nb kjstrjcuajñg kh nb fjsfb. - Qhrvjr nbs adfjkbs b nds hg`hrfds, bthgkjhgkd b nb adndabajñg y rhtjrbkb kh cbgkhobs, aucjhrtds y vbojnnb9 hgthgkjêgkdsh quh kjalb rhtjrbkb sh h`hatubrâ pdr hn phrsdgbn bn quh adrrhspdgkb khskh nb puhrtb kh nb lbcjtbajñg kh nds hg`hrfds. - Kbr nb adfjkb b nds hg`hrfds hg`hrfds quh gd puhkbg lbahrnd pdr pdr sæ fjsfds, sbnvd hg bquhnnds absds quh rhqujhrbg aujkbkds hsphajbnhs. - Anbsj`jabr y drkhgbr nbs nhgahræbs kh pnbgtb b h`hatds kh rhpdsjajñg kh rdpbs y kh vhstubrjd, rhnbajdgâgkdsh adg nds shrvjajds kh nbvbkhrd y pnbgtb, prhshgajbgkd nb anbsj`jabajñg y rhauhgtd kh nbs fjsfbs, quh sh rhbnjzbrâg pdr hn phrsdgbn khn nbvbkhrd. - ]dr jgkjabajñg khn ]hrsdgbn Buxjnjbr Qbgjtbrjd [jtunbkd adnbcdrbrâ hg nb bkfjgjstrbajñg kh fhkjabfhgtds pdr væb drbn y rhatbn, adg hxanusjñg kh nb væb pbrhgthrbn. Bsjfjsfd, pdkrâ bpnjabr hghfbs kh njfpjhzb, sbnvd hg absds kh hg`hrfds erbvhs. - Adnbcdrbr adg hn ]hrsdgbn Buxjnjbr Qbgjtbrjd [jtunbkd y cbod su suphrvjsjñg hg nb rhadejkb kh nds kbtds thrfdfêtrjads. Jeubnfhgth rhadehrâg nds sjegds quh lbybg nnbfbkd su bthgajñg, quh trbgsfjtjrâ b kjald phrsdgbn, hg ugjñg kh nbs hspdgtâghbs fbgj`hstbajdghs kh nds hg`hrfds sdcrh sus prdpjds sægtdfbs. - Adnbcdrbr adg adg hn ]hrsdgbn Buxjnjbr Buxjnjbr Qbgjtbrjd [jtunbkd hg hn rbsurbkd kh nbs hg`hrfbs. - [rbsnbkbr, pbrb su aufpnjfjhgtd pdr nds Ahnbkdrhs, nbs adfugjabajdghs vhrcbnhs, kdaufhgtds, adrrhspdgkhgajb y dcohtds quh nhs shbg adg`jbkds pdr sus suphrjdrhs. - Hg ehghrbn, tdkbs bquhnnbs batjvjkbkhs quh, sjg thghr ug abrâathr prd`hsjdgbn sbgjtbrjd, vjhghg b `bajnjtbr nbs `ugajdghs khn Fêkjad y kh nb Hg`hrfhrb d Byukbgth [êagjad Qbgjtbrjd. Nbs `ugajdghs kh nbs Buxjnjbrhs kh Hg`hrfhræb hg nds Khpbrtbfhgtds kh Rujrñ`bgd y Hsthrjnjzbajñg shrâg? - Hn aujkbkd, adgshrvbajñg y rhpdsjajñg kh cbtbs, sbcbgjnnbs, tdbnnbs, hta.

5<

[hfb 3

hkjtdrjbn    }         ahp

- Hn brrhend kh eubgths y adg`haajñg adg`haajñg kh bpñsjtds kh ebsb y dtrd fbthrjbn. - Byukbr bn phrsdgbn Buxjnjbr Qbgjtbrjd [jtunbkd hg nb prhpbrbajñg khn fbthrjbn pbrb su hsthrjnjzbajñg. - Nb rhadejkb rhadejkb y njfpjhzb khn jgstrufhgtbn jgstrufhgtbn hfpnhbkd hg nbs jgthrvhgajdghs jgthrvhgajdghs qujrÿrejabs, qujrÿrejabs, bsæ bsæ adfd byukbr bn ]hrsdgbn Buxjnjbr Qbgjtbrjd [jtunbkd hg nb drkhgbajñg kh nbs vjtrjgbs y brshgbn. - Hg ehghrbn, tdkbs bquhnnbs batjvjkbkhs quh, sjg thghr abrâathr prd`hsjdgbn sbgjtbrjd, vjhghg b `bajnjtbr nbs `ugajdghs khn Fêkjad y kh nb Hg`hrfhrb d Byukbgth [êagjad Qbgjtbrjd. Nbs `ugajdghs kh nbs Buxjnjbrhs kh Hg`hrfhræb hg nds Khpbrtbfhgtds kh [dadndeæb shrâg? - Shadejkb y njfpjhzb khn jgstrufhgtbn. - Byukb bn phrsdgbn Buxjnjbr Qbgjtbrjd [jtunbkd hg nbs bthgajdghs b nbs hg`hrfbs y hg nb njfpjhzb kh nds bpbrbtds. - Badfpbòbr b nbs hg`hrfbs y rhajêg gbajkds b nds Qhrvjajds y pnbgtbs quh nhs shbg bsjegbkds, bthgkjêgkdnds y vjejnâgkdnds lbstb quh hstêg jgstbnbkds hg kdgkh nhs adrrhspdgkb. - Phstjr y khsvhstjr b nbs hfcbrbzbkbs, bsæ adfd hn bshd y njfpjhzb kh êstbs. - ]bsbr b nbs abfbs b nbs pbrturjhgtbs, byukbkbs pdr hn ]hrsdgbn Buxjnjbr Buxjnjbr Qbgjtbrjd [jtunbkd. - Abfcjbr nbs abfbs kh nbs hg`hrfbs hg nds Khpbrtbfhgtds kh Kjnbtbajñg, adg nb byukb kh nb Fbtrdgb, aubgkd hn hstbkd kh nb hg`hrfb nd rhqujhrb. - ]dghr y qujtbr auòbs y njfpjhzb kh nbs fjsfbs. - Adnbcdrbr adg nbs Fbtrdgbs hg hn rbsurbkd kh nbs pbrturjhgtbs y hg nb bpnjabajñg kh hghfbs kh njfpjhzb. - Abfcjbr nbs rdpbs kh nbs abfbs y nbs adfprhsbs y rdpbs kh nbs pbrturjhgtbs, adg adg nb byukb khn BuxjBuxjnjbr Qbgjtbrjd [jtunbkd, aubgkd hn hstbkd kh nbs hg`hrfbs nd rhqujhrb. - Hg ehghrbn, tdkbs bquhnnbs batjvjkbkhs quh, sjg thghr ug abrâathr prd`hsjdgbn sbgjtbrjd, vjhgh b `bajnjtbr nbs `ugajdghs khn Fêkjad y kh nb Hg`hrfhrb d Byukbgth [êagjad Qbgjtbrjd. Nbs `ugajdghs kh nbs Buxjnjbrhs kh Hg`hrfhræb hg nds Khpbrtbfhgtds kh Sbkjd-Hnhatrdndeæb shrâg? - Byukbr bn ]hrsdgbn Buxjnjbr Qbgjtbrjd [jtunbkd hg nbs bthgajdghs bthgajdghs b nds hg`hrfds. hg`hrfds. - Byukbr hg nb prhpbrbajñg kh nds albsjs rbkjdnñejads bsæ adfd bn rhvhnbkd, anbsj`jabajñg y kjstrjcuajñg kh nbs rbkjderb`æbs y b nb prhpbrbajñg kh nds bpbrbtds kh hnhatrdfhkjajgb. - Hg ehghrbn, tdkbs bquhnnbs batjvjkbkhs quh, sjg thghr ug abrâathr prd`hsjdgbn sbgjtbrjd, vjhghg b `bajnjtbr nbs `ugajdghs khn Fêkjad y kh nb Hg`hrfhrb d Byukbgth [êagjad Qbgjtbrjd. Nbs `ugajdghs kh nbs Buxjnjbrhs kh Hg`hrfhræb hg nds Khpbrtbfhgtds kh Nbcdrbtdrjd shrâg? - Shbnjzbr nb njfpjhzb y adnbcdrbr adg hn ]hrsdgbn Buxjnjbr Qbgjtbrjd [jtunbkd hg nb drkhgbajñg kh nb `rbsquhræb y fbthrjbn utjnjzbkd hg hn trbcbod kjbrjd y, hg ehghrbn, tdkbs bquhnnbs batjvjkbkhs quh, sjg thghr abrâathr prd`hsjdgbn sbgjtbrjd, vjhghg b `bajnjtbr nbs `ugajdghs khn Fêkjad y kh nb Hg`hrfhrb d Byukbgth [êagjad Qbgjtbrjd. Hg hn Qhrvjajd kh Bkfjsjñg kh Hg`hrfds, nbs Buxjnjbrhs kh Hg`hrfhræb rhbnjzbg nbs sjeujhgths `ugajdghs? - Badfpbòbr b nds nds hg`hrfds b nbs pnbgtbs y shrvjajds quh nhs shbg bsjegbkds, sjhfprh quh gd shbg trbsnbkbkds hg abfjnnbs y, hg ehghrbn, rhbnjzbrâg tdkbs bquhnnbs batjvjkbkhs quh, sjg thghr ug abrâathr prd`hsjdgbn sbgjtbrjd, vjhghg b `bajnjtbr nbs `ugajdghs khn Fêkjad y kh nb Hg`hrfhrb d Byukbgth [êagjad Qbgjtbrjd. ]bphn khn Buxjnjbr kh Hg`hrfhræb

5:

hkjtdrjbn    }         ahp

Hg hn Khpbrtbfhgtd kh Adgsuntbs Hxthrgbs kh nbs Jgstjtuajdghs Qbgjtbrjbs Ahrrbkbs adrrhspdgkh b nbs Buxjnjbrhs kh Hg`hrfhræb? - Byukbr bn ]hrsdgbn Buxjnjbr Qbgjtbrjd Qbgjtbrjd [jtunbkd hg su adfhtjkd rhsphatd kh bquhnnds hg`hrfds susahptjcnhs kh ldspjtbnjzbajñg y, hg ehghrbn, rhbnjzbr tdkbs bquhnnbs batjvjkbkhs quh, sjg thghr ug abrâathr prd`hsjdgbn sbgjtbrjd, vjhghg b `bajnjtbr nbs `ugajdghs khn Fêkjad y kh nb Hg`hrfhrb d Byukbgth [êagjad Qbgjtbrjd. Nbs `ugajdghs kh nbs Buxjnjbrhs kh Hg`hrfhræb hg nb @brfbajb sdg? - Adnbcdrbr adg hn ]hrsdgbn ]hrsdgbn Buxjnjbr Qbgjtbrjd [jtunbkd d Buxjnjbr kh @brfbajb hg nb drkhgbajñg kh nds prhpbrbkds y h`hatds sbgjtbrjds. - Adgtrjcujr bn trbgspdrth kh nds prhpbrbkds y h`hatds sbgjtbrjds sjhfprh quh su vdnufhg y su phsd gd hxahkbg kh nds næfjths hstbcnhajkds hg nb nhejsnbajñg vjehgth. - Bthgkhr b nbs khfâs rhnbajdghs kh nb @brfbajb adg adg nbs pnbgtbs kh Hg`hrfhræb y Khpbrtbfhgtds y Qhrvjajds kh nb Jgstjtuajñg. - Hg ehghrbn, tdkbs bquhnnbs batjvjkbkhs quh, sjg thghr ug abrâathr prd`hsjdgbn sbgjtbrjd, vjhghg b `bajnjtbr nbs `ugajdghs khn Fêkjad y kh nb Hg`hrfhrb d Byukbgth [êagjad Qbgjtbrjd. Nbs `ugajdghs kh nbs Buxjnjbrhs kh Hg`hrfhræb hg nb Xgjkbk kh Shlbcjnjtbajñg shrâg? - Hn bshd y njfpjhzb kh nds pbajhgths. - Nb njfpjhzb y drkhgbajñg khn fbthrjbn utjnjzbkd hg nb Xgjkbk, cbod nb suphrvjsjñg khn ]hrsdgbn Buxjnjbr Qbgjtbrjd [jtunbkd. - Byukbr b kjald phrsdgbn hg nb adndabajñg adndabajñg d `jobajñg khn pbajhgth hg hn nuebr hsphajbn kh su trbtbfjhgtd. - Adgtrdnbr nbs pdsturbs hstâtjabs kh nds hg`hrfds, adg suphrvjsjñg suphrvjsjñg khn khn ]hrsdgbn ]hrsdgbn Buxjnjbr Qbgjtbrjd [jtunbkd. - Khsvhstjr y vhstjr b nds pbajhgths aubgkd aubgkd nd rhqujhrb su trbtbfjhgtd. - Hg ehghrbn, tdkbs bquhnnbs batjvjkbkhs quh, sjg thghr ug abrâathr prd`hsjdgbn sbgjtbrjd, vjhghg b `bajnjtbr nbs `ugajdghs khn Fêkjad y kh nb Hg`hrfhrb d Byukbgth [êagjad Qbgjtbrjd. Nbs `ugajdghs kh nds Buxjnjbrhs kh Hg`hrfhræb hg nbs Jgstjtuajdghs Qbgjtbrjbs Bcjhrtbs shrâg? - Nb rhadejkb y drjhgtbajñg phrsdgbn kh nds hg`hrfds. - Nb rhahpajñg rhahpajñg kh vdnbgths y kdaufhgtds pbrb nb bsjsthgajb kh nds hg`hrfds. - Nb kjstrjcuajñg kh nds hg`hrfds pbrb nb fhodr drkhgbajñg drkhgbajñg hg hn ldrbrjd kh vjsjtbs. - Nb hsarjturb hsarjturb kh njcrds kh rhejstrd, vdnbgths, adfprdcbgths d jg`drfhs. jg`drfhs. - Nb njfpjhzb kh vjtrjgbs, fbthrjbn h jgstrufhgtbn. - Nb prhpbrbajñg prhpbrbajñg kh rdpbs, vhgkbs, bpñsjtds y fbthrjbn kh aurbs. - Shadejkb kh kbtds anægjads, njfjtbkds hxanusjvbfhgth b nds thrfdfêtrjads y b bquhnnds sjegds dcthgjkds pdr jgsphaajñg gd jgstrufhgtbn khn hg`hrfd, pbrb auyb dcthgajñg lbybg rhajcjkd jgkjabajñg hxprhsb kh nbs Hg`hrfhrbs d Byukbgths [êagjads Qbgjtbrjds, bsæ adfd drjhgtbajñg khn Fêkjad rhspdgsbcnh.