aula vygotsky.doc

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VYGOTSKY E A APRENDIZAGEM Lev S. Vygotsky Vygotsky (189!19"#$ (189!19"#$ % &'oesso' &'oesso' e &es)*+s,-o &es)*+s,-o'% '% e ,s/e* ,s/e* e0 O's,% &e)*e, /+-,-e -, 2+e3o''*s+, e0 14 -e ove05'o -e 189% v+ve* , R6ss+,% R6ss+,% )*,-o )*,-o 0o''e*% 0o''e*% -e t*5e'/*3ose t*5e'/*3ose%% t+, "4 ,os. 7os 7ost' t'*+ *+* * s*, s*, te teo' o'+, +, te te-o o &o' &o' 5,se 5,se o -ese -esev vo3 o3v+ v+0e 0et to o -o ++-+v+v-*o *o /o0o o0o 'es* es*3t,3t,-o o -e *0 &'o/e 'o/ess sso o s/+ s/+o! o! +st +st''+/o% +/o% e, e,t+ t+:, :,-o o o &,&e &,&e33 -, 3+g 3+g*, *,ge ge0 0 e -, ,&'e ,&'e-+: +:,g ,ge0 e0 ess essee -esevo3v+0eto% se-o ess, teo'+, /os+-e',-, +st'+/o!so/+,3. S*, )*est;o /et',3 < , ,)*+s+=;o -e /oe/+0etos &e3, +te',=;o -o s*>e+to /o0 o 0e+o. O /o/e+to -e ,&'e-+:,ge0 e0e'g+* -,s +vest+g,=?es e0&+'+st,s e0 Ps+/o3og+,% o* se>,% -e +vest+g,=?es 3ev,-,s , te'0o /o0 5,se o &'ess*&osto -e )*e to-o /oe/+0eto &'oveto e /os+-e',' o s*>e+to /o0o *0, tB5*3, ',s,% *0, /e', 0o3e% /*>,s +0&'ess?es -o 0*-o% o'0,-,s &e3os 'g;os -os set+-os% s;o ,sso/+,-,s *0,s Cs o*t',s% -,-o 3*g,' ,o /oe/+0eto. O /oe/+0eto e+to -,t,-o% ,t'e3,-o Cs -ete'0+,=?es -e s*, est'*t*', 5+o3g+/, e -e s*, /o>*t*', +st'+/,. D+s/o'-, t,05,% ;o < *0 'e/e&tB/*3o v,:+o% *0 se' &,ss+vo% )*e s 'e,ge 'ete Cs &'ess?es -o 0e+o% e s+0 *0 s*>e+to )*e 'e,3+:, *0, ,t+v+-,-e o'g,+:,-o', , s*, +te',=;o /o0 o 0*-o% /,&,:% +/3*s+ve% -e 'eov,' , &'&'+, /*3t*',. P,', Vygotsky% o s*>e+to < ,t+vo% e3e ,ge so5'e o 0e+o. P,', e3e% ;o B , ,t*'e:, *0,,% , ess/+, *0,,. So0os &'+0e+'o so/+,+s e -e&o+s os +-+v+-*,3+:,0os. E0 stese% ess, ,5o'-,ge0% o s*>e+to &'o-*to' -e /oe/+0eto ;o < *0 0e'o 'e/e&tB/*3o )*e ,5so've e /ote0&3, o 'e,3 e0 o &o't,-o' -e ve'-,-es o'+*-,s -e *0 &3,o +-e,3F &e3o /ot'B'+o% < *0 s*>e+to ,t+vo )*e e0 s*, 'e3,=;o /o0 o 0*-o% /o0 se* o5>eto -e est*-o% 'e/ost'+ (o se* &es,0eto$ este 0*-o. O /oe/+0eto evo3ve se0&'e *0 ,:e'% *0 ,t*,' -o o0e0. 0, 3e+t*', ,tet, -e Vygotsky -e0ost', )*e , s*, /o/e&=;o -e so/+,3 ;o +/3*, ,&e,s , +te',=;o et'e &esso,s. P,', e3e% ess, +te',=;o et'e s*5>et+v+-,-es e', se0&'e +sto'+/,0ete s+t*,-,% 0e-+,t+:,-, &o' e'',0et,s so/+,+s H -es-e os o5>etos ,t< os +sto'+/,0ete &'o-*:+-os% ,/*0*3,-os e t',s0+t+-os. Po' +sso &o-e0os -+:e' )*e Vygotsky /ost'*+* *0, teo'+, &s+/o3g+/, +st'+/o!/*3t*',3 -o o0e0.

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DESENVOLVIMENTO E APRENDIZAGEM P,', Vygotsky% , /'+,=, ,s/e +se'+-, *0 0e+o so/+,3% )*e < , ,03+,% e < e3, )*e est,5e3e/e ,s &'+0e+',s 'e3,=?es /o0 , 3+g*,ge0 , +te',=;o /o0 os o*t'os. N,s +te',=?es /ot+-+,,s% , 0e-+,=;o (e/essB'+, +te've=;o -e o*t'o et'e -*,s /o+s,s &,', )*e *0, 'e3,=;o se est,5e3e=,$% /o0 o ,-*3to ,/ote/e es&ot,e,0ete o &'o/esso -e *t+3+:,=;o -, 3+g*,ge0% o /ote@to -,s s+t*,=?es +0e-+,t,s. Mediação: *0,

+-e+to so5'e , 'e,3+-,-e% e s+0% &e3, 0e-+,=;o e+t, &o' o*t'os s*>e+tos. O o*t'o so/+,3% &o-e ,&'eset,'!se &o' 0e+o -e o5>etos% -, o'g,+:,=;o -o ,05+ete% -o 0*-o /*3t*',3 )*e 'o-e+, o +-+v-*o.

A ,&'e-+:,ge0 ,&+,!se , /o/e&=;o -e *0 s*>e+to +te',t+vo )*e e3,5o', se*s /oe/+0etos so5'e os o5>etos% e0 *0 &'o/esso 0e-+,-o &e3o o*t'o. O /oe/+0eto te0 gese ,s 'e3,=?es so/+,+s% se-o &'o-*:+-o , +te's*5>et+v+-,-e e 0,'/,-o &o' /o-+=?es /*3t*',+s% so/+,+s e +st'+/,s.

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A 'e3,=;o et'e o0e0 e 0*-o /o0o *0, 'e3,=;o 0e-+,-,% e@+ge e3e0etos )*e ,*@+3+,0 , ,t+v+-,-e *0,,. Estes e3e0etos -e 0e-+,=;o s;o os s+gos e os +st'*0etos. O t',5,3o *0,o% )*e *e , ,t*'e:, ,o o0e0 e /'+,% et;o% , /*3t*', e , +st'+, -o o0e0% -esevo3ve , ,t+v+-,-e /o3et+v,% ,s 'e3,=?es so/+,+s e , *t+3+:,=;o -e +st'*0etos. Os +st'*0etos s;o *t+3+:,-os &e3o t',5,3,-o'% ,0&3+,-o ,s &oss+5+3+-,-es -e t',so'0,' , ,t*'e:,% se-o ,ss+0% *0 o5>eto so/+,3. A 3+g*,ge0% s+ste0, s+053+/o -os g'*&os *0,os% 'e&'eset, *0 s,3to )*,3+t,t+vo , evo3*=;o -, es&et+vos. Vygotsky /,0, +sto -e ,se &'B ,&'e-e* e -o0+,. I-+/, os &'o/essos 0et,+s -, /'+,=, )*e >B se est,5e3e/e',0. Re&'eset, ,s *=?es >B ,0,-*'e/+-,s.

Ree'ete ,)*+3o )*e , /'+,=, < /,&,: -e ,:e' 0e-+,te , ,>*-, -e o*t', &esso,(,-*3to o* o*t', /'+,=,$. Esse ve3 < 5e0 0,+s +-+/,t+vo -o -esevo3v+0eto 0et,3 -o )*e ,)*+3o )*e e3, /oseg*e ,:e' so:+,.

A ,&'e-+:,ge0 +te',ge /o0 o -esevo3v+0eto% &'o-*:+-o ,5e't*', ,s :o,s -e -esevo3v+0eto &'o@+0,3 ,s )*,+s ,s +te',=?es so/+,+s s;o /et',+s.

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Zona de desenvolvimento proximal:  J

, -+st/+, et'e -esevo3v+0eto 'e,3% )*e se /ost*0, -ete'0+,' ,t',v