Aula 11 - CST

 

IBVVBYÉB IBVVBYÉ B YBF YBF XMKYÉB

ottp4//g`iucty.n ottp4//g` iucty.ngupa.mhu.s`/AM/ouss`eke/Ibrr gupa.mhu.s`/AM/ouss`eke/Ibrrbsebk%6:Mklekmmrekl/:8.:7.:9.ota bsebk%6:Mklekmmrekl/:8.:7.:9.ota

 

Vmsuct` h` `ìéb seauctækm`, sbf ibkheìýms mspmiágei`s, hm ua ameb `lrmssevb m hm tmksýms mstàtei`s rmsehu`es bu `pcei`h`s

I@V@IXMVÁYXEI@Y - Gbra`ìéb hm treki`s qum g`vbrmima ` ruptur` hb amt`c> - I`r`itmrez`h I`r`itmrez`h`` pbr hu`s g`sms hestekt`s4 - Ekhuìéb ’ cmktb prbimssb ibrrbsevb qum prmimhm ` gbra`ìéb hm treki`s> - Zrbp`l`ìéb  ’ `ìéb seauctækm` hb msgbrìb amiækeib m hb mgmetb ibrrbsevb> - Gr`tur` kéb `prmsmkt` hestekt`s4 `prmsmkt` mstreiìéb m å i`r`itmrez`h` pbr hu`s zbk`s hestekt`s4 - Zreamer` zbk` ’ hm i`ràtmr gràlec, gràlec, rmsuct` hb hmsmkvbcveamktb h`s treki`s hm ibrrbséb sbf tmkséb.

ibrrbséb> Lmr`camktm sm mkibktr` ibfmrt` pbr prbhutbs hm ibrrbséb> - Ymlukh` zbk` ’ rmsuct`ktm h` ruptur` frusi` hb amt`c qum tma smu ceaetm hm rmsestäkie` tr`ksvmrs`c mrs`c>> uctr`p`ss`hb ma vertuhm h` heaekueìéb h` smìéb tr`ksv - @s treki`s pbhma smr ektmr, tr`kslr`kuc`rms bu aest`s ’ ` gbra` hm hmsmkvbcveamk hmsmkvbcveamktb tb hmpmkhm hb amt`c m hb ameb> - @s treki`s sm hmsmkvbcv hmsmkvbcvma ma pmrpmkheiuc`ramktm ê hermìéb hb msgbr msgbrìb ìb hm tr`ìéb tr`ìéb>> - supmrgáiem pbhm-sm tmr treki`h`s bu rbapeh`s sma qum ` @prmsmkt`a mgmetbmvehäkie` `ct`amktm hmkbtm hmcbi`cez`hb ibrrbséb ’ lmkmr`cez`h lmkmr`cez`h` ` mpmì`s iba pbuquássea` pmrh` hm pmsb> - Vmc`ìéb hmsg`vbràvmc hm àrm`4 àrm`4 àrm` `kùhei`33àrm` i`tùhei`.

 

I@V@IXMVÁYXEI@Y - Bibrrm qu`khb `s tmksýms m `s ibkimktr ibkimktr`ìýms `ìýms hbs `lmktms rmspbksàvmes pmcb prbimssb uctr`p`ss`a

hmtmraek`hbs v`cbrms aákeabs> aákeabs> - @ vmcbieh`hm hm ibrrbséb k` mxtrmaeh`hm h` treki` å fma supmrebr êqumc` h` g`im h`s treki`s m

t`afåa k` supmrgáiem mxtmrk` h` pmì`> - Bibrrm `pmk`s ma ibkheìýms `ct`amktm mspmiágei`s qum hmpmkhma h` k`turmz` hb amt`c bu cel` m t`afåa h`s ibkheìýms gáseib-quáaei`s hb ameb. M_MAZCB M_MAZCB44 `ìbs ekbx kéb sbgrma IYX ma àiehbs amebsp`r` ibktmkhb icbrmtbs amebs iàusteibs. sbgrma sucgôreib, `iåteib, pbråaa`s ma icbrmtb ma ma `aøke`, bs c`týms bibrrmm bma ibktràreb. . kébIYX ibktràreb @ìbs ekbx kátreib sbgrmamIYX - @p`rmktmamktm ` mspmiegeieh`hm å pmrheh` ma `abstr`s qum gbr`a prå-treki`h`s treki`h`s..

G@XBVMY EKGC]MKIE@HBVMY A@XMVE@C

AMEB

- Mxestäkie` hm tmkséb `pcei`h` bu rmsehu`c> - Mst`hb h` supmrgáiem>

- K`turmz`> - Ibkimktr`ìéb>

- Ibapbseìéb quáaei` m mstrutur` irest`cek`.

- Xmapmr`tur`, pO> - Zrmsséb

 

XMKYÉB - G`tbr hmtmraek`ktm kb hmsmkvbcveamktb hmsmkvbcveamktb hmstm tepb hm ibrrbséb> - Zbhma smr rmsehu`es bu `pcei`h`s> `pcei`h`s> - Xmksýms rmsehu`es rmsehu`es44 ieicbs tåraeibs, prbimssbs hm sbch`lma, tr`f`cobs amiækeibs> - Z`r` qum ` IYX bibrr` å kmimssàreb qum ` sba` h`s tmksýms ibkimktr`h`s ma ua` hmtmraek`h`

rmleéb uctr`p`ssm ua imrtb ceaetm  ’ v`reàvmc p`r` i`h` ibafek`ìéb amt`c-ameb> - Bs prekiep`es mgmetbs h` IYX séb vmregei`hbs kb gek`c hb pmrábhb hm mxpbseìéb mxpbseìéb,, rmsuct`khb ma g`co` pur`amktm amiækei` hmvehb ê rmhuìéb h` smìéb tr`ksvmrs`c.

Wmcbieh`hm hm prbp`l`ìéb h` gmkh` hm IYX ma gukìéb hm su` prbgukheh`hm

Mxtmkséb h` `abstr` ma gukìéb hb tmapb ma tmstm hm IYX iba i`rl`

hur`ktm `pcei`ìéb hm i`rl` hm tr`ìéb

ibkst`ktm

Mks`ebs hm IYX hmvma smr ibkhuzehbs `tå ` ruptur`.  

XMKYÉB - Xmksýms `pcei`h`s k` hermìéb kbra`c `b smktehb hm c`aek`ìéb séb a`es prmduheie`es p`r` ` IYX> - Zrbhutbs hm ibrrbséb gbra`hbs ma rmleýms ibkgek`h`s t`afåa pbhma smr gbktms hm tmksýms (mgmetb

hm iuko`) ’ mxmapcb `ìb `ctb Ye mxpbstb ` àiehb sucgôreib guaml`ktm> - Kbra`camktm, mxestm ua` tmkséb irátei` aákea` `f`exb h` qu`c b amt`c kéb sbgrm ibrrbséb sbf tmkséb ’ ` rmc`ìéb mktrm mstm v`cbr m b ceaetm hm msib`amktb hb amt`c å v`reàvmc> - B mgmetb h` tmkséb å `v`ce`hb pmcb tmapb aåheb kmimssàreb p`r` qum bibrr` ` ruptur` kb ameb ibksehmr`hb>

Iurv` rmprmsmkt`tev` hb tmapb kmimssàreb p`r` ` bibrräkie` hm ruptur` ma gukìéb h` tmkséb `pcei`h`.

@ ektrbhuìéb ektrbhuìéb hm tmksýms hm ibaprmsséb k` supmrgáiem hb a`t a`tmre`c mre`c pbhm mvet`r b treki`amktb hmvehb ê

ibrrbséb sbf tmkséb bu mvmktu`camktm prbtmcà cb.  

MYX@HB H@ Y]ZMVGÁIEM - Hmtmraek`hb pmc`s i`r`itmrást i`r`itmrástei`s ei`s lmbaåtrei`s ’ rulbseh`hm, bkhuc`ìýms, aeirberrmluc`reh` aei rberrmluc`reh`hms> hms> - Ekgcue t`afåa `s prbpremh`hms amiækeib-amt`côrlei`s ’ mstrutur mstrutur`` h` i`a`h` supmrgeie`c,

hmgbra`ìýms pcàstei`s, tmksýms rmsehu`es> - @cluks mxmapcbs mxmapcbs44 - @ìb hbim sufamtehb ê tmkséb hm tr`ìéb ibrrmspbkhmktm ` 5:% hm smu ceaetm hm msib`amktb (=> 07 m 0? obr`s qu`khb pbcehb mcmtrbcetei`amktm

- @ìbs sufamtehbs ` prbimssbs hm hmsi`rfbkmt`ìéb supmrgeie`c g`co`a a`es ràpehbs. ràpehbs. -

Xr`t`amktbs supmrgeie`es qum ektrbhuzma tmksýms hm ibaprmsséb séb fmkågeibs p`r` b `uamktb h` rmsestäkie` ê IYX> IYX>

-

hmgbra`ìýms m tmksýms rmsehu`es Xr`t`amktbs, smd`a mcms tåraeibs bu amiækeibs, qum ektrbhuz`a hmgbra`ìýms Xr`t`amktbs, k`s i`a`h`s supmrgeie`es pbhma `uamkt`r ` susimtefeceh`hm ê IYX, IYX, `ssea ibab `qumcms qum prbhuzma prbhuz ma mstrutur`s a`es susimtávmes `b treki`amktb> treki`amktb> - Mkt`coms supmrgeie`es séb p`rteiuc`ramktm prmduheie`es hmvehb ê hmgbra`ìéb pcàstei` ma su` M_MAZCB M_MAZCB4 4 `ìb i`rfbkb (;:,6:%) sufamtehb ` mks`eb hm IYX iba mxtrmaeh`hm `pcei`ìéb hm  ’ tmkséb hm tr`ìéb ibrrmspbkhm ibrrmspbkhmktm ktm ` iba ?:% mkt`com hb ceaetmm hm msib`amktb ma sbcuìéb hm

ketr`tbs rbapm mktrm 6 m 6: obr`s. obr`s. Yma mkt`com kéb obuvm rbapeamktb amsab `pùs 6: he`s. he`s.  

IBAZBYEÌÉB M MYXV]X]V@ IVEYX@CEK@ - @gmt`h @gmt`h`` pmc` ibapbseìéb quáaei` aåhe`, bremkt`ìéb prmgmrmkie`c hm lrébs, ibapbseìéb m hestrefueìéb

hm prmiepet`hbs, ektmr`ìýms ektmr`ìýms hm hesibrhækie`s m prblrmssb h`s tr`ksgbra`ìýms hm g`sm> - @pmk`s pbuibs i`sbs hm IYX ma amt`es purbs (séb a`es rmsestmktms rmsestmktms qum `s cel`s) - `trefuáhb ê prmsmkì` hm smlrml`ìýms ma ibktbrkbs hm lréb4 Mgmetb metb hb tm tmbr br hm `rsä `rsäke keb b sb sbfr frm m b trek treki` i`am amkt ktb b pb pbrr ibrrbséb sbf tmkséb hb ibfrm ma `tabsgmr` `abke`i`c `abke` i`c ôaeh`.

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Ekgcumkie` ` gbra` h` treki`4 treki`4 c`týms iba 7: ` 7=% hm Iu aest`s-tr`kslr`kuc`r aest`s-tr`kslr`kuc`r (ma v`pbrms ibktmkhb ibktmkhb `aøke`)>

- Mstrutur`s amt`mstàvmes pbhma g`vbrmimr ê gbra`ìéb hm treki`s> treki`s> - Ibapbseìéb h` cel` `gmt` ` rmsestäkie` ê IYX4

Hestrefueìéb hbs prmiepet`hbs t`afåa tma mgmetb hmtmraek`ktm k` susimtefeceh`hm ê IYX

Mgmetb hb tmbr hm káqumc sbfrm b treki`amktb pbr ibrrbséb sbf tmkséb hm `r`ams hm cel`s GmIr-Ke ma sbcuìéb ma mfuceìéb hm 86% Al Ic6.

 

K@ K@X]VMT@ X]VMT@ HB H B AMEB AMEB - Ameb prmies` prbabvmr rm`ìýms mcmtrbquáaei`s mspmiágei`s k`s rmleýms h` supmrgáiem bkhm mxest`a ibkheìýms

p`r` ` gbra`ìéb h` treki`> - Mxestm ua` mcmv`h` mspmiegeieh`hm amt`c-ameb ameb44 - @ìb i`rfbkb ’ susimtávmc ê ibrrbséb lmkmr`cez`h` ma ameb iba icbrmtb a`s kéb sbgrma ibrrbséb sbf

tmkséb> - @ìb i`rfbkb ’ pbhma smr utecez`hbs p`r` a`kusmeb hm ketretb hm iàcieb, pbråa mst` sufstækie` prbabvm ràpehb ràpehb treki`amktb hm `abstr`s tr`iebk`h`s (sbcuìýms qumktms m ibkimktr`h`s)> ibkimktr`h`s)> - @ìbs ekbxehàvmes - `prmsmk `prmsmkt`a t`a tmkhäkie` ê IYX ma amebs ibktm ibktmkhb khb icbrmtb icbrmtbs, s, bkhm tmkhma `

`prmsmkt`r ibrrbséb pbr petms> treki` 4 - Ekgcumkie` ` gbra` hm prbp`l`ìéb h` treki`4 tr`kslr`kuc`r `kuc`r ma ameb hm OIK m ek ektmrlr tmrlr`kuc`r `kuc`r ma ameb iiba ba ketr` ketr`tb> tb> - @ìb ibaua - tr`kslr - @ìb i`rfbkb ’ ektmrl ektmrlr`kuc`r r`kuc`r ma K`BO 99% ma mfuceìéb ibktmkhb :,0% hm ZfB m tr tr`kslr`ku `kslr`kuc`r c`r ma K`BO 99% ` 0=:bI iba :,9% hm secei`tb hm sùheb> K`BO ibrrbséb 4 àiehb `iåteib ma amebs ibktmkhb O 6Y `imcmr` ` IYX hm `ìbs - @heìéb hm `clua`s sufstækie`s `imcmr` ` ibrrbséb4 iba mcmv`h` rmsestäkie`> rmsestäkie`> Al tma ` IYX `imcmr `imcmr`h` `h` ma K`Ic iba `heìéb hm irba`t irba`tb b hm pbtàsseb.

pO

- Hmpmkhm hb a`tmre`c ’ cel`s hm Al, `imcmr` ma pO àiehb ài ehb m heaekue ma pO fàseib.

 

IBKIMKXV@ÌÉB H@Y MYZÅIEMY - Pu`ktb a`ebr ` ibkimktr`ìéb h` mspåiem `lrmssev` qum `imcmr` ` IYX amkbr b tmapb `tå ` g`co` g`co`44 6Y e`ìmékbtb hp`briibbkrirmbksétrb`ìhémb `h sMbgmfertmb bh`trekvi``ra ìbms O @ZE K-?: tmapmr`hbs ma ùcmb m rmvmkehbs ` ua` hurmz hur mz`` hm `pr `prbx bxea` ea`h` h`amk amktm tm (99 (99-9= -9=)) Vb Vbinw inwmcc mcc I

- Ma amebs ibktmkhb ibktmkhb icbrmtbs icbrmtbs ` prmsmkì` prmsmkì` hm bxeläkeb å eapbrt`ktm.

XMAZMV@X]V@

- B `uamktb h` tmapmr`tur` `imcmr` ` prbpmkséb ê IYX. IYX. Auet`s vmzms å

kmimssàreb ua v`cbr aákeab hm X. W`re` e`ììéb h` tmapmr`tur` aákea` kmimssàre` p`rr` bibrr p` brräkie` kie` hm trek treki` i`am amk ktb pb pbrr ibrrb rrbsé séb b sbf tmkséb hbs `ìbs hbims ma sbcuìýms iba

hegmrmk hegm rmktms tms ibki ibkimktr mktr`ìý `ìýms ms hm K`BO K`BO..  

XEZBY HM GV@X]V@

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