Aula 1 - 2 - 3 - Painél - CÂMARA FRIGORÍFICA

 

Gãakrks @roimro`ogks

Dli¸ Bdkl Bdklnrm nrm Nmrldbks Nmrldbks Amurk Dli.adgnmrldbksHiakob.gma ^db.: 8>; ??47-?808

 

GKSKG^DSÁW^OGKW GMLW^ST^OPKW 

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Ks gkrkgtdrástogks gmlstrutovks nks gãakrks `roimrá`ogks ol`buda nordtkadltd lk gkpkgonknd nd rd`roidrkéçm, rd` roidrkéçm, mu sdjk, tda rdspmlskcobonknd nordtk lm kuadltm mu rdnuéçm nm gmlsuam nd dldriok dbïtrogk nk olstkbkéçm. Ms prolgopkos `ktmrds k gmlsondrkr sçm: D`ogoêlgok nm osmbkadltm tïraogm nd pkrdnds d tdtms. • D`ogoêlgok nm osmbkadltm tïraogm nd posms (sd emuvdr). • Dxostêlgok nd ckrrdork nd vkpmr kprmproknk. •

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Ol`obtrkéçm nd kr da lávdos aáloams.

 

Osmbkadltm ^ïraogm 

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K `o`ol lkb kbon onk knd nm os osm mbk bka adlt ltm m tï tïrraog ogm m, ï rd rdnu nuzzor ks tr trmg mgk ks tïra raog ogks ks olndsdjëvdos, d akltdr k tdapdrkturk nk pkrdnd dxtdrlk nm rdgoltm osmbknm, pr÷xoam è nm kacodltd dxtdrlm, pkrk dvotkr  prmcbd prm cbdak akss nd gml gmlndl ndlské skéçm. çm. M osmbkadltm tïraogm ï `mraknm pmr aktdrokos nd ckoxm gmd` gm d`og ogod odlt ltd d nd gm gmln lnut utov ovon onkn knd d tï tïra raog ogk k (f (f). ). Ms ak aktd tdroroko koss os osm mbk bklt ltds ds sçm pmrms msm ms, sdlnm qud k dbdv dbdvkn knk k rds rdsost ostêlg êlgok ok tïr tïraog aogk k sd ndvd è ckoxk gmlnutovonknd tïraogk nm kr gmltonm lms sdus vkzoms. K trk tr kls ls``drêlg lgok ok nd gkb kbmr mr mgm gmrr rrd, d, pr prol olg gop opk kba badl dltd td,, pmr  gmlnuéçm. mlvd vdg géçm d orr rrk knok okéç éçm m, Lms dspkéms vkzoms mgmrrd tkacïa gml pmrï pm rïa a gm gma a vk vkbm bmrd rdss nd ndsp sprd rdzá závd vdos os..

 

Aïtmnms nd Osmbkadltm ^ïraogm 

Ms aïtmnms nd osmbkadltm sçm ndtdraolknms da `uléçm nm aïtmnm nd gmlstruéçm. Eë nmos aïtmnms aïtmn ms nd osmbkadltm, qud sd no`drdlgoka lm topm d lk akldork qud sçm olstkbknms: • Osmbkadltm gmbmgknm lm bmgkb. • Osmbkadltm prï-`kcrogknm d oltdirknm.

 

Aïtmnms nd Osmbkadltm ^ïraogm Xkrk m osmbkadltm gmbmgknm lm bmgkb:

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N mtotbodzkalpnmm-k `ogkps k`rmkrka gmulrkstlrtudána ksuotu sds ggãmaakmrks s`uropimmrrtád m aktdrokb osmbkltd ks pkrdnds d tdtms nms kacodltds mlnd sdr drooka bmg mgk knk nkss, ldbks drka gmb mbkn knms ms mu `oxknms gma pkrk`usms ms osmbkltds d da sdiuonk kpbogknk u gç ka nldogkkr.ik ar mgkdgsskmck mm d pa rmk tdé m kandkgã ^mankmssdkssgdmp tma rldklvtk prmnutm nospdlnomsm pmos dxoiok qud m bmgkb nks gãakrks `mssd prdpkrknm dspdgo`ogkadltd pkrk rdgdcd-bks.

 

Aïtmnms nd Osmbkadltm ^ïraogm 

Xkrk m osmbkadltm gmbmgknm lm bmgkb: •

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Ï gmbmgknm oltdorkadltd ndltrm nk dstruturk prolgopkb, mu dlgmstknm, kltds nm bdvkltkadltm nk adsak6

Dstd trkckbem olgbuo: K gmbmgkéçm nd uak ckrrdork nd vkpmr lk dstruturk prolgopkb. prolgo pkb. • K olstkbkéçm nm osmbkadltm ktukb, usukbadltd lk `mrak nd pdqudlms mu aïnoms pkolïos qud sçm soapbdsadltd dlgkoxknms mu `oxknms lks pkrdnds mu lm tdtm pmr `oxknmrds lk dstruturk prolgopkb. Ms pkolïos sçm ulonms nurkltd k olstkbkéçm. •

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K kpbogkéçm nd gkaknks prmtdtmrks, gkaknks nd gmlgrdtm, gmcdrturks lk pkrdnd d lm tdtm (usukbadltd gma krikakssk). Dstks gmcdrturks tkacïa pmnda sdr adtëbogks.

 

Aïtmnms nd Osmbkadltm ^ïraogm Xkrk m osmbkadltm prï-`kcrogknm, sçm utobozknms pkolïos prï-`kcrogknms, qud têa ks sdiuoltds `uléôds : • Ckrrdork nd vkpmr6 

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Osmbkadltm tïraogm6 Gmcdrturk, usukbadltd da kacms ms bknms. Kquo, sçm ms pr÷proms pkolïos qud `kzda m osmbkadltm, irkéks k suk roiondz (mu sdjk, pmr pmssuárda `mrak nd ‒sklnuáged‑). Wmadltd Wmadltd k dstruturk d ks `ulnkéôds sçm driuonks nurkltd k `ksd nd gmlstruéçm.

 

Dsgmbek nm Osmbkadltm ^ïraogm 

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Xdbm dxpmstm kltdromradltd, dltdlnd-sd qud qukltm adlmr k ndlsonknd d akomr m lúadrm nd pmrms, akomr m pmndr nm osmbkadltm.

Ta cma osmbkltd tïraogm ndvd kprdsdltkr ks sdiuoltds qukbonknds:

 

Dsgmbek nm Osmbkadltm ^ïraogm 

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Ta gmd`ogodltd nd trkls`drêlgok nd gkbmr gkb mr nd kgmrnm gma m gustm nm osmbkadltm. Cmk oapdradkcobonknd è ëiuk d uaonknd. u aonknd. Ta ckoxm gmd`ogodltd nd dxpklsçm tïraogk, pmugk vkrokéçm nk gmlnutovonknd tïraogk ndvonk è utobozkéçm. ^mtkb kusêlgok nd mnmrds. Sdsostêlgok km kpmnrdgoadltm. Sdsostêlgok k rmdnmrds d mutrms kloakos.

 

Dsgmbek nm Osmbkadltm ^ïraogm Aktdrokb è prmvk nd `mim.  Ckoxk ndlsonknd6 dspdgokbadltd pkrk osmbkadltm nm posm d nm tdtm, kpdskr nd uak cmk rdsostêlgok è gmaprdssçm sdr ldgdssërok pkrk m osmbkadltm nm posm.  Iës utobozknm lm osmbkadltm lçm ndvd k`dtkr k gkaknk nd mzþlom d pmssuor ua ckoxm pmtdlgokb nd kqudgoadltm.  Gmlsondrklnm qud k ckrrdork nd vkpmr ï pdr`dotk, rdgmadlnksd nkr promronknd k aktdrokos aktdr okos eoirmsg÷pogms. 

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K dspdssurk nm osmbkadltm ï gkbgubknk ktrkvïs nd novdrsms `ktmrds, ndltrd dbds m topm nd aktdrokb, gustm d dldriok ikstk lk mpdrkéçm, gmam sdrë klkbosknm knokltd.

 

Xrolgopkos Aktdrokos Ttobozknms 

K gmlgdpéç éçm m ktukb nd gmlstr tru uéç éçm m nd gãak akrk rkss `roroi imr mráá`ogks, bdvk da gmlsondrkéçm k utobozkéçm nd pkolïos osmbkltds prï`kcrogknms nm to top pm "sklnuáged". Ms pkolïos sçm gmlstotuánms pmr  nmos nm os rd rdvd vdst stoa oadl dltm tmss adt dtëb ëbog ogms ms ol oltd tdrbrboi oikn knms ms pm pmrr ua lú lúgb gbdm dm os osmb mbkl kltd td.. Wçm Wç m ut utoboboz ozkn knms ms ck ckso sogk gkad adlt ltd, d, nm nmos os to topm pmss nd ak aktd tdroroko koss gm gmls lstr trut utov ovms ms :

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  Ds Dspu puak ak Sá Sáio ionk nk nd Xm Xmbobour urdt dtkl klm m (XTS):   mcto mctonk nk pd pdbbk rdk dké éçm quáaogk nd 3 gmapmldltds báquonms (osmgoklktm d pmbo-eonrmxobm), da prdsdlék nd gktkbozknmrds.

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  Xmbod Xmbodstordl stordlm m Dxpkl Dxpklnonm nonm (DXW):   ï ua ndr drov ovkn knm m nd pd pdtr tr÷b ÷bdm dm qu qud d dxpkln dxpk lnon onm m pm pmrr ad adom om nd vk vkpm pmrr n' n'ëi ëiuk uk tm tmrl rlkk-sd sd ua ak aktd tdro rokb kb pbëstogm kbtkadltd pmrmsm d prktogkadltd oapdradëvdb.

 

Xrolgopkos Aktdrokos Ttobozknms 

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Ktukbadltd dxostd lm adrgknm k m`drtk nd pkolïos amnu nubbkrd rdss gml mlsstru ruáánm nmss da gekpk nd kém qud bocdrt rtk krka m osmbkadltm nks pkrdnds nd kbvdlkrok, pmssocobotklnm qud k sygmãut a. kr krks ks pu pun nds dsssda sdr aml mltk tknk nkss da qu qukb kbq qudr bm bmg gkb nm bky bk ut. Mutrk `kgobonknd nms pkolïos tïraogms dstë lk `kgobonknd nd kbtdrkéçm ndssd bky mut, `ëgob rdaméçm d rdkprmvdotkadltm nms a÷nubms nd pkolïos. ^unm ossm sda g mlktkdr`og gomêl agomk `au ktmotmnak d qomurdqu md s p osmtsïa rakotgdr moskops mlsmsuqu da ua êlg auo ako qud mskomluïtr trm dro qud d sd rd rd`d `drd rd è gk gkpk pkgo gon nkn knd d os osmb mbkl kltd td..

 

XKOLÏOW ^DSAM OWMBKL^DW AMNTBKSDW 

ND@OLOÉÇM 

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Gmljultm amlmbátogm gmapmstm pmr nmos rdvdstoadltms adtëbogms d lúgbdm da aktdrokb osmbkltd tïraogm gma dlgkoxds bktdrkos akgem-`êadk.

^OXMW ND AK^DSOKB OWMBKL^D T^OBOZKNMW Xmbourdtklm: Xkoldb gma lúgbdm osmbkltd gmapmstm nd pmbourdtklm (XTS). (XTS). Dstd topm nd pkoldb pko ldb pmr suks gkrkgtdrástogks tïglogks qukltm km ndsdapdlem gmam osmbkltd tïraogm pdraotd qud sd utobozd utob ozd dspdssurks adlmrds pkrk rdioads nd trkckbem qud dxoioroka dspdssurks akomrds pkrk mutrms topms nd aktdrokb osmbkltd.

 

XKOLÏOW ^DSAM OWMBKL^DW AMNTBKSDW 

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(DXW). Osmpmr: Xkoldb gma lúgbdm osmbkltd gmapmstm nd pmbodstordlm (DXW). Dstd osmbkadltm ï uak mpéçm akos ckrktk sd gmapkrknm g mapkrknm km pmbourdtklm, ldgdssotk nd dspdssurks akomrds pkrk ktdlndr rdioads nd trkckbem oiukos, pmrïa lçm oapdnd qud sd utobozd gma k adsak d`ogoêlgok quklnm tmaknks ks ndvonks prdgkuéôds noadlsomlkos da `uléçm nks tdapdrkturks oltdrlks nms kacodltds k sdrda osmbknms tdraogkadltd.

 

XKOLÏOW ^DSAM OWMBKL^DW AMNTBKSDW 

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Xdbks tkcdbks ; d 3 nk kpmstobk, vdro`ogk-sd qud pkrk k adsak dspdssurk nd osmbkadltm, m pkoldb gma XTS kprdsdltk ua gmd`ogodltd ibmckb nd trklsaossçm nd gkbmr (T) adlmr nm qud m nd DX DXW, W, tm tmrl rlkl kln nmm-m m ua os osmb mbka kadl dltm tm ak akos os d` d`og ogoodl dltd td.. Dltrdtkltm, dstk no`drdlék pmnd sdr gmapdlsknk kuadltklnm-sd k dspdssurk nm osmbkadltm nd DXW. Lk akomrok nks vdzds ostm ï gmlvdlodltd, olgbusovd pmr quds dsttôds nd gustm, uak vdz qud ms nd kquosoéçm nm DXW sçm trd tr dadl dln nkadltd adl dlm mrd rdss nm qud m nd XTS. Ostumklmtgmmrp rdd, bmtklptrmmgpddsbk o`ddrd`lkéckrognkdéç amk,tïqroukdprïoatkmtuktboa bozk q sm nn dn ltkd, kutmakto tozzknm pkrk ms pkolïos nd DXW d aklukb pkrk M XTS.

 

XKOLÏOW ^DSAM OWMBKL^DW AMNTBKSDW

 

Dxdrgágom: Gotd ;8 qukbonknds pkrk dsgmbek nd ua cma osmbkadltm:

 

XKOLÏOW ^DSAM OWMBKL^DW AMNTBKSDW 

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Tak smbuéçm rëpon onk k pkrk k ndtdraolkéçm nk dspdssurk nd osmbkadltm, gml mlso sost std d da kn knm mtk tkra rams ms ua uak k gbk bkssso` o`og ogké kéçm çm pk pkrrk m `bu buxm xm nd gkb kbmr mr ktr trkv kvïs ïs nm osmbkadltm.

K ds dsg gmbe bek k nm `k `ktm tmrr on ond dkb kb,, ndv dvd d bd bdvk vkrr da gm gmls lson ondr drké kéçm çm ndt dtkb kbed edss tï tïg glo log gms d nd gus ustm tm.. Ku Kua adl dltk tkln lnmm-ssd k ds dspd pdss ssur urk k nm os osm mbk bka adl dltm tm ku kua adl dltk tk-s -sd d m gu gusstm nm ads dsa am, pm pmrï rïa a, k gkr krik ik tï tïra raog ogk k sd rd rdnu nuz. z. Xm Xmrr mu mutr trm m bk bkn nm, no noa aol olu uol olnm nm-s -sd d k dspdssurk, m gustm nd pkolïos tkacïa noaoluo, aks kuadltk k gkrik tïra tï raog ogk k nk ols olstk tkbké bkéçm çm..

 

XKOLÏOW ^DSAM OWMBKL^DW AMNTBKSDW 

K dsgmbek nm `ktmr ondkb, ndvd bdvkr da gmlsondrkéçm ndtkbeds tïglogms d nd gustm. Ksupa d dd sslutrkklnnmm-sdosmbkadltk m kuadltk-sd m gustm nm adsam, pmrïa, k gkrik tïraogk sd rdnuz. Xmr   mut utrm rm bk bknm nm,, no noao aolu luol olnm nm--sd k dspdssurk, m gustm nd pkolïos tkacïa noaoluo, aks kuadltk k gkrik tïra tï raogk ogk nk ol olst stkbk kbkéç éçm. m.

 

XKOLÏOW ^DSAM OWMBKL^DW AMNTBKSDW

 

XKOLÏOW ^DSAM OWMBKL^DW AMNTBKSDW 

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Gml`mrad jë gotknm, vdro`ogk-sd, qud sd mctïa uak dspdssurk adlmr pkrk m pkoldb nd XTS, uak vdz qud dstd pms mssu suoo ua `k `ktm tmrr nd gmlnutocobonkn knd d tïra raoogk adl dlm mr nm qud m nd DXW. K adnonk qud kuadltkams k dspdssurk nm osmbkadltm, ks pdrnks tïraogks noaoluda. Dltrdtkltm, m gustm nm osmbkadltm kuadltk. M `ktmr nd `buxm nd gkbmr oiukb k 5 (fgkb/e.a3 ) ï ua vkbmr aïnom qud ikrkltd ua ckbklém smp ktdrkg os`kgom kt÷omlk rolkb m bdnk ltrd m bkéçm guçm. stm. nm osmbkadltm d m gustm mpdr olstk ol stkbké

 

Dspdssurks Nospmlávdos d akos utobozknks ktukbadltd:

 

Dxdrgágom: Gml`mrad nknms kckoxm, `kvmr sdbdgomlkr ms pkolïos gml`mrad kckoxm:

 

^opms nd Sdvdstoadltms 

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Xkoldb XX/XX - Xkoldb gma ks nuks nuks `kgds rdvdstonks da da gekpk prï-poltknk lk gmr crklgk. Ttobozknms mlnd ks nuks `kgds nm pkoldb `ogka dxpmstks.

Xkoldb gma ks nuks nuks nd `kgds rdvdstonks da gekpk da pmrïa, uak uak Xkoldb XX/ZG nks `kgds da- gekpk prï-poltknk crklgm d k mutrk sda polturk, smadltd zolgknk. Ttobozknms mlnd uak nks `kgds nm pkoldb `ogk dxpmstk d k mutrk mgubtk tkos gmam pkolïos dlgmstknms da kbvdlkrok d tdtms.

Xkol Xk oldb db XX XX/O /OLM LMU U - Xkoldb gma ks nuks `kgds rdvdstonks da gekpk, sdlnm u kk`nkmgsdldma p.olDtkn knk lk klsgtk trkmddastëgenkos ppkmollám x.b Ta toboz ozk s sgobemk s pk nd pirï d-bm stdktop opm m gnmdr c rdrvd vds oaddlktmmulç lçm osp vdb vd pkrk pk rk pk pkolï olïos os os osmb mbkn knms ms gm gma a Osm Osmpm pmr. r.

 

Dxdapbm nd rdvdstoadltm:

 

OWMBKADL^M ND XOWMW 

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Osmbkadltm dxdgutknm gma gekpks nd osmpmr mu pmbourdtklm akos ms aktdrokos kuxobokrds pkrk ckrrdork nd vkpmr smcrd rdckoxm lm posm nk bmjk. bmj k. Ï rdspmlskcobonknd nm gbodltd k dxdguéçm nm rdckoxm d suk oapdradkcobozkéçm gkcdlnm km olstkbknmr k bmgkbozkéçm bmgkbo zkéçm lm lm prmjdtm (da (da `uléçm nm bky mut) d ks prm`ulnonknds ldgdssëroks.

 

OWMBKADL^M ND XOWMW

( *)   Lms prdpkrms gma osmbkadltm osmbkadltm nd posm lçm tda ‑CSDKF‑, k

gkpk nd gmlgrdtm sd `ulnd gma m posm dxtdrlm.

 

OWMBKADL^M ND XOWMW 

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Wdiud k ndsgroéçm nks `mraks akos gmauls nd osmbkadltm nd posms: - [uklnm ks gãakrks sçm amltknks smcrd posms kssdltknms nordtkadltd lm smbm6 gbo dltds(ïmptka gbodltds pmr osmbkr ms posms nks gãakrks ndkbiuls gmlidbknms rdgmadlnk qudsmadltd sd osmbd tmnms ms posms nks gãakrks). Wd ks gãakrks dstçm bmgkbozknks da pkvoadltms pkv oadltms supdromrds (smcrd bmjk mu dstkgomlkadltm), ï dssdlgokb qud sd dxdgutd m osmbkadltm nms posms nd nd tmnms ms kacodltds rd`roidrknms. Ossm sd `kz ldgdssërom pkrk oapdnor k gmlndlskéçm nm vkpmr n‟ëiuk smc ms posms d k gmlsdqudltd prdgopotkéçm ndssd vkpmr da `mrak nd ‒imtdorks‑ smcrd pdssmks d gkrrms cda gmam k `mrakéçm nd cmbmr ndvonm è uaonknd kguaubknk.

 

OWMBKADL^M ND XOWMW

 

OWMBKADL^M ND XOWMW

 

OWMBKADL^M ND XOWMW GMA K[TDGOADL^M ND XOWM 

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Kqudgdr k supdr`ágod nm posm nk gãakrk dboaolklnm k prdsdlék nd idbm smcrd dbd, kuadltklnm k sdiurklék nms mpdrknmrds nk gãakrk. Dstk gmlnoéçm prmamvd tkacïa ua kuadltm nk gkrik tïraogk nk gãakrk, qud ndvd sdr gmlsondrknm lm gëbgubm pkrk noadlsomlkadltm nms gmaprdssmrds. Kqudgdr m gmltrk posm nk gãakrk dboaolklnm k pmssocobonknd nd gmlidbkadltm nm sucsmbm da `uléçm nd nd`ogoêlgok nm osmbkadltm tïraogm kpbogknm. Dstk `uléçm pmnd dboaolkr m sostdak nd kdrkéçm ( Pdltobkéçm ) nd posm , gmam kpbogknm da gãakrks nd akomr pmrtd , pmrïa kgrdsgdltk ua gmlsuam nd dldriok dbïtrogk lçm dxostdltd lm sostdak nd kdrkéçm, cda gmam tkacïa kgrdsgdltk rosgm nd `kbek nk rdsostêlgok dbïtrogk qud lçm pmndrë sdr sucstotuánk. Xmrua dstd amtovm , auotks olstkbkéôds prdvdda k olstkbkéçm nd 3 gkcms nd rdsostêlgok da pkrkbdbm , ua mpdrkltd d mutrm rdsdrvk. Adsam kssoa , m rosgm nd `kbek pdrakldgd , kpdskr nd aoloaozknm.

 

OWMBKADL^M ND XOWMW

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M gmltrmbd nk tdapdrkturk aáloak nm posm , da qukbqudr nks 3 sotukéôds , mgmrrd ktrkvïs nd ua tdramstktm , mlnd m cubcm nm sdlsmr ndvd sdr olstkbknm lm posm mlnd sd prdtdlnd `kzdr dstd gmltrmbd.

 

XMS^KW @SOIMSÁ@OGKW D MT^SMW KGDWW×SOMW 

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Wçm nospmsotovms ndstolknms k pdraotor m kgdssm km km oltdromr nks gãakrks, sçm `mraknms pmr uak `mbek ` mbek (pkrtd a÷vdb) d ua cktdltd (pkrtd `oxk). K `mbek ï osmbknk gma pmbourdtklm qud ikrkltd k `uléçm nd osmbkltd tïraogm. [ukltm km rdvdstoadltm, pmnd sdr da gekpk nd kém prï-poltknm lk gmr cklgk mu da gekpk nd kém olmx. Lk gml`dg éçm nm bky mut ï ldgdssërok ldgdssër ok k prdmgupkéçm prdmgupkéçm gmagml`dgéçm ms dspkéms nospmlávdos pkrk amltkida. Dxostda nmos amndbms cësogms k skcdr:

 

Dxdrgágom: [ukb k `olkbonknd nm osmbkadltm nd posm d qukos ms aktdrokos ldgdssëroms:

 

XMS^KW @SOIMSÁ@OGKW 

XMS^KW IOSK^×SOKW 

Xmnda tdr pksskida nd trobems (gkpdbk). Lks gãakrks nd ckoxk tdapdrkturk ks pmrtks ndvda pmssuor uak rdsostêlgok dbïtrogk qud oapdnorë o apdnorë k `mrakéçm nd idbm dltrd m cktdltd d k `mbek.

Kcdrturk

 

XMS^KW @SOIMSÁ@OGKW 

Xmrtks gma `mbek gmrrdnoék smcrd trobems (ol`dromr d supdromr). 

Lks gãakrks nd ckoxk tdapdrkturk ks pmrtks ndvda pmssuor uak rdsostêlgok dbïtrogk qud oapdnorë k `mrakéçm nd idbm dltrd m cktdltd d k `mbek.

Kcdrturk

 

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XMS^KW @SOIMSÁ@OGKW

XMS^KW XKSK WOBM ND IDBM 

Xmrtk dspdgo`ogk pkrk pkrk dstd `oa, rdvdstonk da kém olmx. ^da gmam gkrkgtdrástogk prolgopkb prolgopkb m `ktm nd pmssuor três mu quktrm `mbeks smcrdpmstks lua adsam cktdltd qud kcrda smadltd nk `mbek supdromr pkrk ckoxm.

 

XMS^KW @SOIMSÁ@OGKW 

XMS^KW @BDUÁPDOW PKO-PDA (@BDUONMMS) 

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Xmrtks da XPG gma nospmsotovm nd ambks qud pdraotd k kcdrturk tkltm pkrk `mrk qukltm pkrk ndltrm. Ï utobozknk lms prdpkrms d gmrrdnmrds mlnd k gorgubkéçm ï oltdlsk nd pdssmks d aktdrokos.

XMS^KW SÁIONKW PKO-PDA 

Wçm pmrtksmu gma `mbeks nd ráionks adtëbogks daks gekpks KCW ;4aa qud pdraotd k kcdrturk tkltm pkrk `mrk qukltm pkrk ndltrm. ^kacïa utobozknk lms prdpkrms d gmrrdnmrds mlnd k gorgubkéçm ï oltdlsk nd pdssmks d aktdrokos.

 

XMS^KW @SOIMSÁ@OGKW 

GMS^OLKW ND ^OSKW DA XPG ^SKLWXKSDL^D 

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Gmapmstk nd torks`dgeka nd XPGpdbk kéçm trklspkrdltd trklspkrdlt d qud nk irkvonknd d pdbm gmltktm dltrd ks torks. ^kacïa utobozknks lms prdpkrms d gmrrdnmrds mlnd `buxm nd trkckbem ï irklnd. Ï rdgmadlnëvdb m usm nd gmrtolks lks pmrtks `roimro`ogks nks gãakrks mlnd m `buxm nd trkckbem ï oltdlsm, ldssd gksm k gmrtolk orë noaoluor ckstkltd k trmgk nd kr `rom oltdrlm gma m kr qudltd dxtdrlm m qud noaoluo tkacïa ks pdrnks tïraogks d nd dldriok dbïtrogk. db ïtrogk.

 

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XMS^KW @SOIMSÁ@OGKW

Bostk nd Xmrtks da prmjdtms.

 

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XMS^KW @SOIMSÁ@OGKW

Xmrtks olnogknks da prmjdtms.

 

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XMS^KW @SOIMSÁ@OGKW

Xmrtks olnogknks da prmjdtms.

 

POWMSDW 

Ms vosmrds sçm idrkbadltd olstkbknms lms prdpkrms nd gkrlds d lk pklo`ogkéçm pdraotolnm k vosukbozkéçm nms trkckbems lm sdltonm skbçm nd vdlnks ‗ bkcmrkt bkcmrkt÷roms ÷roms..

 

POWMSDW 

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Wçm `mrldgonms gma mu sda kqudgoadltm ms qukos sçm ndsgrotms kckoxm: Gma kqudgoadltm ‗ Posmrds olstkbknms smadltd lms bkcmrkt÷roms nd emamidldozknms mlnd dxostd rd`roidrkéçm. Ï gmapmstm gmapmstm nd ua ‒pkgmtd‑ ‒pkgmtd‑ nd vonrms mlnd m dspkém dltrd dbds gmltïa kr ndsonrktknm d m vonrm dxtdrlm pmssuo rdsostêlgok dbïtrogk. Wda kqudgoadltm ‗ Posmrds olstkbknms lks ërdks sda rd`roidrkéçm tkos gmam prdpkrms nd gkrlds d pknkrok. Xmnd tdr vonrm nupbm (pkgmtd nd vonrms) mu lk akomrok nks vdzds kpdlks vonrm soapbds tdapdrknm (ua vonrm).

 

PËBPTBKW D[TKBOZKNMSKW ND XSDWWÇM 

Wçm nospmsotovms k oapdnor qud ekjk no `drdléknk no`drdlék dltrd k prdssçmnms oltdrlk d dxtdrlkndstolknms nk gãakrk dvotklnm gma ossmirklnd k pmssocobonknd nd`mrakéçm pkolïos ndvonm ks `mréks mroulnks ndssk no`drdlék nd prdssçm.

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Ktï 748a7 sçm utobozknks vëbvubks pdqudlks topm ‑poli-pmli‑ (gãakrks pdqudlks).

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Kgoak nossm k gknk 3888a7 utobozkr utobozkr vëbvubks irklnds (gãakrks (gãakrks irklnds - olnustrokos).

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Xkrk ks gãakrks nd gmlidbknms eë k ldgdssonknd qud k vëbvubk pmssuk

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kqudgoadltm. Ks mcrks nd supdradrgknms pmssuda uak gkrkgtdrástogk tápogk ndssd sdtmr, ks gãakrks pmssuda vmbuad oltdrlm pdqudlm d sm`rda novdrsks kcdrturks nd pmrtk nurkltd m nok d adsam quklnm `dgeknks lçm sçm tmtkbadltd dstklquds m qud dstë sdaprd ‒dqukbozklnm‑ ks prdssôds. Xmr ossm ks vëbvubks lçm sçm nd dxtrdak oapmrtãlgok d s÷ sçm rdbkgomlknks quklnm smbogotknks.

 

PËBPTBKW D[TKBOZKNMSKW ND XSDWWÇM 

Pëbvubk nd dqukbozkéçm nd prdssçm olnogknks da prmjdtms.

 

PËBPTBKW D[TKBOZKNMSKW ND XSDWWÇM 

Pëbvubk nd dqukbozkéçm nd prdssçm olnogknks da prmjdtms. p rmjdtms.

 

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CKSSDOSK ND PKXMS

Idldrkbonknds: 

Ckrrdork nd Pkpmr  •

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Pkpmr nd ëiuk: •

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Iës prdsdltd lk ktams`drk da qukltonknd vkroëvdb, rdsubtkltd nk dvkpmrkéçm nk ëiuk.

Xrdssçm nm vkpmr n'ëiuk •

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Adacrklk qud oapdnd k aoirkéçm nm vkpmr n'ëiuk.

@rkéçm nk prdssçm ktams`ïrogk, prmpmrgomlkb km tdmr nd vkpmr n'ëiuk (uaonknd rdbktovk) dxprdssm da fi`/ga3 mu da gmbulk gmbulk n'ëiuk n'ëiuk mu da da adrgúrom. adrgúrom. Dstk prdssç prdssçm m gmlstk nks gkrtks psogmaïtrogks mu tkcdbks nd vkpmr. v kpmr.

D`dotms nm Pkpmr n‟ëiuk •

M vkpmr n'ëiuk, pmr sd dlgmltrkr d lgmltrkr da `mrak nd iës, pmssuo k gkrkgtdrástogk nd pdldtrkr ktrkvïs nd aktdrokos pmrmsms (pdradëvdos), qud sçm quksd tmnms ms aktdrokos daprdiknms lk gmlstruéçm.

 

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CKSSDOSK ND PKXMS

Ms vkbmrds nk tkcdbk sdiuoltd nçm uak ondok nks vkrokéôds qud dxostda, tkltm lm pdsm gmam lk prdssçm.

Gmapkrklnm-sd ks gmlnoéôds 8ºG, 08% TS gma 75ºG, 7 5ºG, 58% TS, vdro`ogkams qud m pdsm nk ëiuk nk sdiulnk gmlnoéçm ï ;0,4 vdzds akomr nm qud m pdsm nk ëiuk nk proadork gmlnoéçm d k prdssçm ï nk mrnda nd 47>-35 1 480 fi`/a3. Dstk no`drdlék nd prdssçm oapubsomlk m iës (vkpmr n'ëiuk) ktrkvïs nms aktdrokos pmrmsms, lm ds`mrém nd dstkcdbdgdr m dquobácrom.

 

CKSSDOSK ND PKXMS 

[ukb kbq qudr ds dsp pkém rd` d`rroi oid drk rknm nm tmr mrl lkk-ssd uak `mltd nd vkpmr  da vortund nk no`drdlék nd prdssôds nd vkpmr dltrd m kr  dxtdrlm d m kr oltdrlm nk gãakrk. Kssoa, lçm sd prmjdtk u id mlrá`dogtrkkr sdla pumorr. K ua ak onkgnãdakqrukd `rop m uosa mbkkacdklrrtd morkorëndnovakol k d`ogoêlgok tïraogk, kuadltklnm k pdrnk nd dldriok d pmn mnd d nk nklo lo``ogkr m osmbkadltm. Wda uak d` d`oogodltd ckrrdork nd vkpmr, k vonk útob nk gãakrk ï rdnuzonk.

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Kbïa nossm, k pdrnk nd d`ogoêlgok nm osmbkadltm tïraogm mgks ksoomlk ua kuadl dltm tm lk gkrik tïraogk nd rd` d`rroid idrrkéçm çm,, m qud pmr suk vdz mgksomlk ua kuadltm lm gmlsuam nd dldri dl driok ok dbï dbïtro trogk gk lk ol olst stkbk kbkéç éçm. m.

 

CKSSDOSK ND PKXMS 

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Ï skconm qud k ktams`drk ï `mraknk pmr iksds d vkpmr n‟ëiuk. Lms oltdrdssk dstd úbtoam otda pmos ï k prdsdlék ndbd da adlmr mu akomr  quklt ltoonkn knd d qud orë oltdr`dror soi oil lo` o`og ogk ktovk vka adltd lm ndsdapdlem nms dquop dq uopka kadl dltm tmss nd rd` rd`roroidr idrké kéçm çm nks gã gãak akrks rks `r `roim oimrá` rá`og ogks ks.. M vkpmr n‟ë ‟ëiu iuk k gmltonm lk ktams`drk tda k prmp mpro rod dnk nkn nd nd aoirkr nm kacodltd dxtdrlm pkrk m oltdromr nks gãakrks `roimrá`ogks, ossm mgmrrd ndvo nd vonm nm ès no no`d `drd rdlé léks ks nd pr prds dssç sçm m ol oltd tdrlk rlk/d /dxtd xtdrl rlk. k. Lm ol olttdr drom omrr nms ka kaco codl dltd tdss rd rd``roroid idrk rkn nms dxo xost std d ua uak k pr prds dsssçm kta tam ms`ï `ïrorogk gk ssd dapr da prd d ds adl dlm mr pr nmmgur qud qu dklnm lm dxt tdr drom omr d gos mlsd ml sdqu qudl dltd adl dlt dm vkpm vk ‟ëiu iuk k sdap aprd rd dstk tkrë rë prmg urkl nmdx `kbe `k beks ksr lm osmb mbka kadl dltm tmtda pkrk pk rk tdl dltr trkr kr. . pmrr n‟ë

 

CKSSDOSK ND PKXMS 

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M vkpmr n‟ëiuk qud gmlsdiud pdldtrkr lk gãakrk orë gmlndlskr km dlg lgm mlt ltrrkr kr `r `rom om `mr mra akln lnm m imtá tágu gubk bkss ndl dltr trm m nm os osm mbk bka adlt ltm m d lk lkss pkr krdn dnds ds.. [ukl [u kltm tm ak akom omrr k qu qukl klto tonk nkn nd nd vk vkpm pmr, r, ak akom omrr sd sdrë rë k gm gmln lndl dlsk skéç éçm. m. Lks gãakrks nd rds`roknms gma tdapdrkturks pmsotovks ktï 8ºG ekvdrë `mrakéçm nd uaonknd su`ogodltd pkrk gmaprmadtdr k qukbonknd nm rds` rd s`roroka kad dlt ltm m nm nmss pr prmn mnut utms ms kb kboo ds dstm tmgk gknm nms, s, os ossm sm sd sda a `kb kbkr kr lk ëi ëiuk uk qu qud d ds dstk tkrë rë sdaprd ‒aolklnm‑ lm posm d kuadltklnm m gmlsuam nd dldriok pmr  pkrt pk rtd d nm nmss dq dquo uopk pkad adlt ltms ms nd rd rd`r `roi oidr drké kéçm çm qu qud d ds dstk tkrç rçm m ik ikst stkl kln nm ak akos os pk pkrk rk rds`r rds `rokr okr ëiu ëiuk. k. Lks gãakrks nd gmlidbknms gma tdapdrkturks kckoxm nd zdrm irku m pm rmlcnbda tm qn uk lnëkiunkk, g lskkésçdm knimrkvvkkpmgr mna‟ëimukg.mlÏid tçbkmasdïlrom uk d kua doxnpkknldsçm ron `dlþadlm qud mgmrrd lk pksskida nk ëiuk nm dstknm boquonm pkrk m s÷bonm, rmapd osmbkadltms nd posms d jultks nd pkolïos, grok gkaknk nd idbm id bm gmap apkg kgttk lm po posm sm nk gãa ãak krk d cb cbm mqu qud dok ms `mrék ékn nmrd rdss nd kr.

 

CKSSDOSK ND PKXMS 

Lçm sd prmjdtk uak gãakrk `roimrá`ogk sda uak ckrrdork nd vkpmr. K uaonknd qud pdldtrkr lm osmbkadltm orë noaoluor k d`ogoêlgok tïraogk, kuadltklnm k pdrnk nd dldriok d kssoa pmndlnm nklo`ogkr m osmbkadltm, kgkrrdtklnm uak rdnu dnuéçm nk vonk útob nk gãa gãakrk.

Xdrn drnk nd d`ogoêlgok nm osmbkadltm

Kuadltk gkrik tïraogk

Kuadltk dldriok dbïtrogk

 

Ms ^opms nd Ckrrdork nd Pkpmr  Ckrrdork nd vkpmr, gmam noz m pr÷prom lmad, ï kbim qud sd oltdrgkbk lm

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gkaolem nm vkpmr n'ëiuk pkrk oapdnor suk pksskida. adacrklk adac rklk dstkl dstklqud. qud. 

Ndvd sdr uak

Eë três topms :

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Tak `olk gkaknk nd `buonm mu pbëstogm, kpbogknk lk supdr`ágod dxtdromr nm osm os mbk bkad adlt ltm m (da po posm sms, s, pk pkrd rdnd ndss d td tdtm tms) s),, kl kltd tdss nd sd sdrr gm gmbm bmgk gkn nm. Kb Kbiu iuls ls ak aktd tdroroko koss utobo ut obozk zknm nmss sç sçm m : ks ks`k `kbt btm, m, da daubs ubsçm çm cd cdtu tuaol aolms msk k d rd rdso solks lks pm pmbáa báadr drks ks66

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Xdbábág gubk bkss nd vd vdn nkéçm (`ol olk ks gkakn knk ks nd ks`kbt btm m, `mbe bek ks pbë bësstog ogk ks d `obads nd adtk ad tkb) b) kp kpbobogk gknm nmss mu lk su supd pdr` r`ág ágod od nd su supm pmrt rtd d (q (quk ukln lnm m m os osm mbk bkad adlt ltm m `m `mrr ol oltd tdrl rlm) m) mu lm `o`olk lkbb nm os osmb mbka kadl dltm tm (qu qukl klnm nm `m `mrr dx dxtd tdrl rlm) m)66

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Xr Xrmt déçm lk `mra `m pkol pk ïossrk prï pr -`kc kcro `mrlrak nd skln `mbe `m kss ndmtdé p bësçm bë stog ogm m. N drak vdk snd dr k ssolïo diu iur nïm-` qurogk dgknm knms cks rda rdork`m çm d stdsk jklnuá oluáge tdged, rrmd, amu pon onk k bek lk uloô ul oôds ds nm nmss pk pkol olïo ïos. s.

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Idrkbadltd, tmnks ks pdldtrkéôds lm osmbkadltm ndvda sdr trktknks guon gu onkn knms mska kad dlt ltd d nd `m `mrrak k ak aklt ltdr dr k uao aon nkn knd d km bm bmli lim m nm pr pr÷ ÷pr prom om db dbda dadl dltm tm.. Kqud Kq udgd gdn nmr mrds ds pm pmn nda sd sdrr ld ldgd gdss ssër ërom omss pk pkrk rk dv dvot otkr kr k gm gmln lndl dlsk skéç éçm m mu `m `mra raké kéçm çm nd id idbm bm..

 

CKSSDOSK ND PKXMS Wdiud dxdapbm nd kpbogkéçm nd akltk ks`ëbtogk:

 

CKSSDOSK ND PKXMS Wdiud dxdapbm nd kpbogkéçm nd akltk ks`ëbtogk:

 

WDBKL^D XT (WOFK@BDU) 

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Wçm pr Wçm prm mnu nuttms è ck ckssd nd pm pmbobou urd rdttkl klm m gm gma adr drgo gokb kboz ozk knm nmss da co cosslk lkik ikss nd `ëgob kpbogkéçm, lçm dxoiolnm dspdgokbozkéçm lm aklusdom d gus ustm tm adl dlm mr qu qud d k ak aklt ltk k. Ï kpbogknm tkltm smc gmam tkacïa kp÷s k `oxkéçm nms pdr`os nd krrdaktd. Dssd prmnutm ï kpbogknm tkltm nm bknm dxtdrlm qukltm oltdrlm nks gãakrks nd supdradrgknms, ossm mgmrrd ndvonm è ldgdssonknd nd kbïa nd sdrvor gmam ckrrdork nd vkpmr, tkacïa gmam dbd bda adl dlttm `ás ásoogm qu qud d oapd pdn nd k dltrknk nd ëi ëiu uk utobozkn knk k lk eoiodlozkéçm nks gãakrks qud gmstuak sdr `dotk gma ëiuk kculnkltd.

 

WDBKL^D XT (WOFK@BDU) 

Wdiud dxdapbm nd kpbogkéçm:

 

Dxdrgágom: Gotd 9 `mraks nd Ckrrdork nd vkpmr:

 

XML^D ND @SOM 

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Ï m adom `ásogm pdbm qukb mgmrrd k gmlnuéçm nd gkbmr, dssd `dlþadlm sdaprd mgmrrd nm adom akos qudltd pkrk m adlms qudltd. Gmam `mo notm lm t÷pogm kltdromr, quklnm m vkpmr vk pmr n‟ëiuk dlgmltrk kr `rom dbd gmlndlsk `mraklnm ëiuk. Nk adsak `mrak quklnm eë boikéçm adtëbogk dltrd m oltdromr d m dxtdromr nd gãakrks `roimrá`ogks, ldssk pmsoéçm k gmlnuéçm nd gkbmr dstkrë rdtorklnm rdt orklnm gkbmr nm vkpmr n‟ëiuk d prmamvdlnm k gmlndlskéçm tkacïa. ^mnms ms trklstmrlms gkusknms pdbk `kbtk nd ckrrdork nd vkpmr tkacïa dstkrçm prdsdltds quklnm emuvdr pmltd nd `rom.

 

XML^D ND @SOM 

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K tïglogk utobozknk pkrk oapdnor k gmlnuéçm nd gkbmr pdbk gekpk adtëbogk nm pkoldb gmlsostd lk ‒qudcrk nk pmltd nd `rom‑, qud ï `dotk gma k oltdrrupéçm nk gekpk adtëbogk. Wdiud dxdapbm nk qudcrk nk pmltd nd `rom:

 

XML^D ND @SOM 

Wdiud dxdapbm nd kpbogkéçm:

 

KT^M XMS^ÃLGOK 

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^mnk dstruturk sdjk dbk adtëbogk, akndork mu pkoldb `roimrá`ogm nd tdtm qud dstdjk kpmoknm lks suks dxtrdaonknds kprdsdltk uak gkrkgtdrástogk tápogk nd sd kutm supmrtkr ktï gdrtm gmaproadltm sda gma gmaprmadtdr suk dstkcobonknd. dst Xmndams dltçm nd`olor kutm pmrtklgok pmrtkl gokprmadtdr nd ua pkoldb ndkcobonknd. tdtm gmam: gmam: ‒Ï m gmaproadltm aëxoam qud m pkoldb (tdtm) pmnd tdr quklnm kpmoknm smadltd lks dxtrdaonknds sda qud kprdsdltd nd`mrakéôds qud pmsska nklo`ogë-bm‑. Xkrk gmaproadltm gmaproadltmss akomrds qud k kutm pmrtklgok prdvdr torkltds torkltds qud sdrçm klgmrknms lk dstruturk nm tdtm nm prïnom mu quklnm lçm pundr, da dstruturks kuxobokrds noadlsomlknks pkrk ktdlndr ks ldgdssonknds nm prmjdtm.

 

KT^M XMS^ÃLGOK

 

XDLNTSKB 

[uklnm m pdsm nm pkoldb ï akomr nm qud pmnd supmrtkr, mu ndvonm k olstkbkéôds nms dquopkadltms gmbmgknms da goak mu ndvonm k pksskida nd pdssmks da goak nks gãakrks ï ldgdssërom qud m adsam mctdlek supmrtds dxtrks pkrk qud m tdtm lçm vdjk k nklo`ogkr.

 

XDLNTSKB

 

XDLNTSKB

 

Tloçm nms pkolïos 

Dssk gkrkgtdrástogk sd kprdsdltk lms dlgkoxds bktdrkos nks gekpks nd rdvdstoadltm qud pmssuda gmam k akomrok nms pkolïos p kolïos `kcrogknms lm Crksob dlgkoxds akgem-`êadk, pmrïa, ndvonm ndvo nm ès nmcrks pmssocobotk uak uloçmpdr`dotk `orad mlnd pmssávdbd vdro`ogkrqud ua kprdsdltk, ‒gbog‑ qud pdraotd uak juléçm dltrdï pkolïos uak uloçm dstëvdb qud dboaolk k ldgdssonknd nms `dgems ‒bmg‑ qud dxdgutka dssk `uléçm.

 

Dlgkoxd nms pkolïos

 

GMS^OLKW ND KS 

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Nd `mrak k aoloaozkr m `buxm nd kr qudltd d úaonm pkrk m oltdromr nks gãakrks nd dstmgkida qud trkckbeka è ckoxk tdapdrkturk ndvdrë sdr prdvostk k utobozkéçm nd gmrtolks nd kr. Ostm ï dspdgokbadltd rdgmadlnknm quklnm dxostd uak amvoadltkéçm oltdlsk nd prmnutms d k gmltáluk kcdrturk nd pmrtks. K utobozkéçm nks gmrtolks nd kr sdrvd pkrk prmtdidr k gãakrk, nd gkriks tïraogks knogomlkos, qud orçm kuadltkr k tdapdrkturk d k uaonknd lm oltdromr nk gãakrk. K dltrknk nd vkpmr n'ëiuk pkrk m oltdromr nk gãakrk, pmndrë trkzdr prmcbdaks nd gmlndlskéçm da dxgdssm lk supdr`ágod nm dvkpmrknmr, gma k gmlsdqudltd `mrakéçm nd idbm.

 

GMS^OLKW ND KS 

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Gksm k uaonknd sdjk dxgdssovk, m sostdak nd ndidbm pmndrë lçm sdr su`ogodltd pkrk k rdtorknk nm adsam. Ostm mgksomlk ua cbmqudom irknukb nm dvkpmrknmr, gkusklnm uak pdrnk nd gkpkgonknd nd rd`roidrkéçm d ua kuadltm lm gmlsuam nd dldriok dbïtrogk. Dltrdtkltm, lçm ckstk kpdlks tdr k gmrtolk nd kr olstkbknk. o lstkbknk. K vdbmgonknd, k nostrocuoéçm d k nordéçm nm kr ï qud pdraotda uak prmtdéçm d`ogodltd è dltrknk nm kr dxtdrlm è gãakrk. K `oiurk k sdiuor amstrk m gmapmrtkadltm nm `buxm nd kr nk gmrtolk è dltrknk nk gãakrk, da `uléçm nk vdbmgonknd d nordéçm nm `buxm knmtknm.

 

KXSDWDL^KÉÇM ND PONDM: