Ateneo Law Journal Legal Citation Primer.pdf

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PI

2008

CITATION l'IU.Ml!n

ATENEO LAW JOURNAL

LEGAL CITATION PRIMER

ATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW

ATENEO lAW JOURNAL

· ISSN OUS-6IJ6.

Tile Atnltl' LawJc,um,ll is published four times a }'elr,June through March, by the students of the Ateneo de Manila University School of Law. The Journal contains articles and contributions of intcn.-st to law students and practitioners. The \iews expressed by the contributors do not nece:.sarily reflect the \'iews of either the Ateneo de Manila University School oflaw or the Board of Editors of the Atmt'l' LawJournal. Editorial and general offices are located at the law Publications Center, R.oom Jo6 of the Atcneo Profes.~ional Schools. Saul all correspondence to the .-ltctrc'c' LrwJ(IIImal, 20 Rockwell Dri\·e, Rockwell Center, 1251 MakJti Cit); J>hilippim.'S. The .-ltc'lltV LJu')c'llm.:/ is officially cited as "ATENEO LJ." suBsc:RtPTtONS AND Stli:GLE tSSt:ES. The

domestic subscription rate is PhPsoo.oo per issue. The toreign sub!'cription rate is USS22.00 per issue tor the Asian region and US$26.oo per issue outside Asia. Unless notice to the wntury is rc:cc:in~d. each subscription will be Jutom.&tically n.·ne\\"t'd. For 'uhcription intornutilm Jnd single issue purchases, contact th~· :\tcneo Pn)l'i::.simul Schl)nls Libr.try. 20 Rockwell J.>rin:, Rorkwcll Cemer, 1.251 Makati Cit\'.J>hilippinl'S. LEG.\L crr.AnoN PRI~IER: The Legal Citation Primer is a special publication of the Ate11eo Ull'}clllmotl. It is a compilation of methods of citation lor the legal fic:ld in an effort to aid lcgal practitioners and students in writing their legal documents and papers. It is available tor PhP3oo.oo per copy, and is not :1\'ailable tor distribution outside of the Philippines.

The Atent'cl lAw }t~~tma/ invites the submission of unsolicited articles, essays, comments, notes, and reviews. Please include author·~ name, biographical information, and contact information. Contributions may be sent to [email protected]. The Board of Editors reserves the right to edit articles submitted for publication.

ATENEO LAW JOURNAL CITATION PRIMER

LEG:\L CITATION PRIMER

I. ORDER OF AUTHORITIES .....••...........••••.....•••....••... II. PRIMARY AL'TIIORITIFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . • . . . . . . ~ .i. Ctlti.'Titllliclll B. C,,des au.l Stllmt,·s C. Curi D. ugiildtil'e M,ueri,rls E. Ewcutive a11d Admiuistwiw .\lmcri.tls F. lmplememitt.f! Rules ,,,/ Rt;!!ul,uiom G. Rules 1if Court Ill. SECONDARY AUTHORITIES

CONTRIBlTTIONS.

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A. Books, Amwtations, and Treatises B.joumals C. Periodical Articles D. I;uernet Sources E. Interviews F. T!zeses

Copyright© 2008 by the Ateneo LawJournal. All rights reserved.

The Ateneo Lawjournai homepage is located at http:i iwww.ateneoiawjournal.com.

2008

J"\1.

fOREIGN :Juuru.. t:S . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . • . . . . • . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . 10

A. B. C. D.

International Documents United States Material Selected States Otl1er Foreign Legal Domments

V. INTRODUCTORY SIGNALS A. Introductory Signals B./d. C. Supra D. Hereinqfter VI. GENERAL RULES OF A. Quotations B. Punclllations C. Capitalization

AND SHORT CITATION FORMS. • • • . . • • . . • • • • 20

USAGE . • • . • . . • . . • . • . . • • • • . . • • • . • • • . • . . . • . • 23

APPENDIX: COMPILED EXAMPLES • • • • . • . . . . • . • • . . . • • . . . • • . . . . . . . . • .

28

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ATENEO LAW JOURNAL 2008

CITATION PRIMER

Preface

BOARD OF EDITORS P.-\TRICJ.-\ .\~X 0. I:St:.UOS.-\ BERN.\RO JOSEPH ll. ~1.\IIIUR:\.....

RITA r.t\RIE 1..

(/,-.,.f

The system of legal citation can be confusing, even daunting, for students of the law Jnd experienced practitioners alike. It requires careful attention to Jcr.1il ro t:nsure rhar those reading a piece of work will be able to trace its roots .md ~ourres. ln. perhaps, no otlter field is there a greater reliance on preredt:m dun in the law - thus, prompting a seemingly complex and impenetrJble methoJ of citation. Law students and la'"1'ers are all too often easily intimidated or O\'erwhdmed by this. The problem, however, lies not so much in lack of skill, than in the lack of a clear and understandable reference. While TI1e BluebcJok: A Unifonu System of Citatio11, 1 published by American law reviews, is useful and comprehensive, many practical difficulties exist in relation to its use. Not only is access to it quite limited, as it is not locally available, ;rs focus is also primarily geared towards American sources, at times making application challenging. Also, while a longer length may be indicative of extensiveness, realistically-speaking, many users associate convenience and functionality with short guides. It is with the goal of addressing these issues that the editors of the AtetJeo Law Journal publish this Citation Primer.

fiOR.\UF. ~1. 1'.\.\lFILU

!'AMEU JOY L. .\LlJIJIS:\0.\

1\''i D. P.\TDL

,•.fitt'T}

~1.11.

Tl~lOTJJ\' Jllll~ (;, Ht 'C.\,\IIIJU

~II,Sil'.\

\'[It\ SILWXI: G. S.\I.CEI>« I

MARIA CECII.I.\ G. NATJ\'IDAI>

ROBERTO T. S.\STJ.\(;C I, .IR.

REGIN.-\ AJ"N L. NONATO

JOY STEI'J.L\.1\IIE C. T:\j;\~

The iltcneo lAw Journal has established itself as a premier law review in the country. For more than fifty years, it has exhibited unsurpassed zeal and dedication to the advancement of legal scholarship. It has instituted an enduring tradition of excellence which has been passed on to, and maintained and enriched by, each generation of editors. Cognizant of the importance of honing its editors' skills in order to live up to the exacting and elevated standards of being one of the country's foremost publications, the system oflegal citation has been central to the training of its editors. Ever the pioneer of progress in the field of law, the journal now utilizes its well engraved knowledge in the system of citation to once again break new ground by providing a solution to the difficulties encountered in legal citation.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE :RNARD JOSEPH B. MALIBIRAN

FLORALIE M. PAMFILO

AITY. JACINTO D. JIMENEZ

This Citatio11 Primer is the product of hours of deliberation and research by the present Board of Editors. Each citation fonn was examined and deliberated upon to ensure not only accuracy, but also facility in usage. While it is principally based on the Ateueo Law )o11mal White Sheets and The

JOY STEPHANIE C. TAJAN

I

FACULTY ADVISER

r

1. Compiled by the editors of the Columbia Llll' Revit·w, the Harvard lAw Review, the Univmity of Pen11sylvat1ia lA1v Rrvirw, and the Yale LlJV jouma/, and published by the Harvard Law Review Association.

Bluebook: A Vt~ifonn System of Ci111tiot1, the editors have molded or reinvented certain citation fomts to suit the distinct needs of the Philippine legal scholar or practitioner. The Doard has expended aU efforts to make this primer a$ simple and user-friendly as possibh.:, without diminution of content or quality. It must be borne in mind, however, that this publication is not meant to be aU-encompassing, and is exactly what it purports to be - a primer. With this, the editors are proud to prl'sent to the legal community this Citation Primer, with hope that it will serw Js an essential and lasting reference in the study and practice of rhc bw.

!fC~

~mardjoseph Ma~biran B.

Lead Editor

J~ Assodate Lead Editor

.•.

I. ORDER OF AUTHORITIES Th~

most supportive authority relied upon in the text should be cited tim,

follow~d by the other authorities in descending order of importance. If no

particular order of importance is followed ·in the citation sentence or number, the following should be controlling: 1•

Constitulions

'

Sutm~. m.·atie~ ..md

.l.

ca~~'i 1.

11.

other intemarional instrUIIIl'nts

Supreme Coun

Court ot Appt:als. and Coun oiT.1x

:\pp~:.tls

1ii.

Sandig.mbayan

iv.

Regional Trial Coun

v.

Municipal Trial Coun

vi.

Imernational judicial and arbitral bodies

vii.

Foreign judicial and arbitral bodies

4·

Legislative documents other than statutes

5·

Administrative or executive documents

1'\.

Court documents

7.

D~ n >R lt ll'ISI:\~:\ :. :a nick· llllllJhl'f r ( l y~ar: ). 136. LA. CJV. CODE ANN .• art. ~6 (11JCJ6 rhrough Reg. Scss.).

"/d." is used for immediately succeeding citations. If there is an intervening citation, however, subsequent citations of the C6digo Civil are made as follows: {ABBREVIATION OF CODE} {subdivisions, if applicJble}. 144-BERNAS, supra note

so, at I 195.

145. C.C. art. 289.

l46.ld.

The citation is: : :\BBJU\'1.\ I h l' H ''' l.t 'L'J'\1.\~:\ l :, lJ 11-. t •F CJ\'11 Pitt 11 El lUtE :\:\.!'\OT.\TEI>:. : .mi,·J~· numbl'r: (: yt•.•r :). l.l7-

La.. 0 IJ)~ CJ\'. Pit~)(',:\:>-::-.: .••trt. 1.!31

147- Id. art. 291.

(II) 'I~ I,

2.

The citation is: :AlUm. F.\ 1:\ l'lt 1:\. H •R Ll ll'l"l.\:'\:\ ( :t H 11: f E\'11 >1::'\< ·1· A:'\NOT:\TEI>l. :anidt• m•mbt·r: (lyt·.•r:J. 138. l:\. COUE EVIl>. ANN ••

;m. .!.2

139.N.Y. STAT. LAw.§ 12 (1993).

PENAl [C.P.] art. 745 (Spain).

149· C. C. art. 289.

15o.C.P. art.

145: .·

~

.

151. ld.

152. Id. art. 746.

4- State Supreme Courts

For State Supreme Courts, the fonnat is: t tlrst party I v. {second party: {reporter mlume number l l reportt•r .abbrt:\'iarion: : tirst page of rlw cast• I {span of specifk pages n·fep·L·d to l ( l pbct• of dcxidiug coun: : datt' of dt•cision }).

Wilson, 671. A.2d 293, 294 {Pa. 1996}.

141. People v. Morgan, 662 N.E.2d 26o, 266 (N.Y. 1995).

v. State, 912 P.2d 217, 230 (Nev. 1996).

D. Otll!'r Foreig11 Legal Doamretlls I.

148. C6DIGO

Maintain the same fonnat used in short citing the C6digo Civil; thus, the format is as follows: {AllBREVIATION OF CODE} fsubdivisions, if applicable:}.

For New York statutes, the citation is: lABUREVI:\TION OF NE\\' YORK l {SUllJECT LAW}. {section~ ({yeJr)).

142. Simmons

For the initial citation of the C6digo P'!nal, follow the same fonnat used in citing the C6digo Civil. Thus, cite as: f Nt\~IE OF ConE} [{ ABBRE\"IATION OF ( : .. .:.::_)

Jl.;·:nurei.1:J.cPfintern~ Reve~ue, Rev. Reg. No. 16-2005, EffectiVity Clause. · (Seph: ~095}. · . : .· · : J2;. _Bi.1~eau oflnternal Revenue, BIR Ruling No. DA-176-o4.(Apr. 6, 2004).

Jl·· Offi~e.o(th~~President~ Instituting the Presidential Award for Heroism in · ·Times of Disaster, EXecutive Order No. 421 (Sep. 7, 1990). 34· Securities and Exchange Commission, Code of Corporate Governance, SEC Memorandum Circular No. 2, Series of 2002 (Apr. 5, 2002) . 3S· · Rules and Regulations Implementing the Anti-Violence against Women ·and :Their Children Act of 2004, § 14 (a) (2004). 36. Id. 37· Rules and Regulations Implementing the e-Commcrce :\ct of 2000. § 1 (2000). 38. 'd. 39· 2000 REVISED RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, rule 110, § 4· 40. Id. •P· 1997 RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, rule 41, § 2 (a). 42· _Id. 4J···RE\rySETJRULES ON EVIDENCE, rule 128, §I.

44-

td. .. '

4S· _SPE~IAL'~~O.~EEDI~GS,rul~ 7~, § 1.

;~~.--i~i~ii~iYYd~.

5~-·fjoA~\itfi.(~)'~i:RN~~;::~J~; .T$()9~i·co~~rfojic)N ~i= hiE· REPtJBuc

. ' ::ai=·rfiE·J1H\1.1P~IN~:·:{¢oMA.I£Ni'I.Rv'li9,f(2dpj ed.). . 5I. BALAI'¢, sUpra. no~ .49,- IO]. . . ·: . 0: 51. 4 osc$._B;~~-~~I4"1 x:.si:i (2001 etf.). . . . .. . . _ sJ. Jusl:rceJos~;.c. vrrua &JUDGE ERNErio D. AcosTA, TAX LAw AND JURiSPRUDENCE 150 (Ut ed. 2o,oc_>). . . . , . S+ jOVIT9".~ ~~NG~.~ PEJ:)RO L. YaP. ~LI~ INTER.NATIPNAL L\w .77

at

siV~~~,t~~~E~i~!~~~l~~~f~~\~~~Ji\f;:~~;.;~.?~~,::~.:··: s·~ :~:~·:.{!. J, 1070 i.!dCir. IWO). 1.27.Jhir.1d v. Ferrandina, 536 F..2d .pS • .JS~ {.:d Cir. Iy:-uJ. l28.Aimr.td, 910 F.2d at 1073. 129./d. at 1075. 130.)/rirad, 536 F.2d a[ 483. 131. CAL. BUS. & PROF. CODE,§ I6ooo (IY97). 132. CAL. PENAL CODE,§ 632 (2004). 133:LA_. REv.. STAT. ~N., § 9:4521 (1991). 134.Jd. §.9:45i2. · .. . x3~;~::;9~fP}::pp~:~~·· art. 16o (1995). IJ~~-~ e1v:~C:OPE·Ai~:• m 8~·(1996 through Reg. Sess.). rji:-·tk!§qp~ G·rY·: J>i0:9;'·_ANN.;art. 1231 (1984). :IJ.S{~;...:~:;-att;:·i2 (2001). . I39~-~~:'f·:·~41\-~w/§ ii(r993):- . qo. c~~nionwealth v. Wilson, 672 A.uf 293. 294 {Pa. IWO). .141-P,~..e!~.v~ Morgao,:~2 N,B~~~ :z~l)•. 266 (N,Y. 199.5). 142.SimiUops_v. Stite, 9rz P.za zi1. 'ijor(Nev. 1996). ·r43. C6DIGO.CIVIL [C. C.] art. 289 (Spaiu). I#..BERNAS; supra f!Ote 50, at r 195· ·

i~?j~~~f?)§~;~ i>,,~;,,:>.,~,; '·.

148; CQDIGO:PENAL [C.P.) art." 74-s (Spain). i49·'c'.c: '289.. ~·· :~ .. . . . '· 15o.G:P.ari:. 74S· 151.ld. tj2.lt/. art. 746~ 15J.BURGID~UCHES GESETZltUCH[BGB) (Civil Code] art. 10 (F.R.G.). 154- C.P. ~rt. 745· 155.J~GB.~rt. to, rs6~ Id. 157•fll· art. IL 158. COD.E 9VIL [C. CIV.) ait. ~52 (Fr.).: 'S9· BGB 'art. 10.. · - ' I6o. Q. CIY. art. iS~· . ;:

art.

16t;i4;·;:..:~ ·'

·;,

33

162. ld. art. 153. . 163. Constitutional Reform Act, .ioo5, c. 4. §Is (Eng.): 164. Habeas Corpus Act, 1679, 31 Car. 2, l, § l. (Eng.). 165. Constitutional Refom1 Act,§ 19. · 166./d. . .

c.

167./d. § 1~. t68. Habt-as Corpus Act,§ 3·

169./d. 1]0. /d.§ 4· 171. Ctllupm·c BELEN T. MEDINA, THE FILWINO FAMILY 173 (2001 ed.) (asserting that trJditionaJly, the Filipit~o wife is more relationship-oriented and dependent on the husband and is often considered as the one mainly rc,pnnsihlc: tor keeping the marriage intact), IVirll Imen·icw with Dr. Ricardo G. Abad, Ph.D., Professor, Depamnent of Sociology and Anthropology, Ateneo de Manila Univcrsicy Qune 12, 2007) (cxplaitiing that at present, the educated Filipina is more independent psychologically and economically, and is becoming more conscious of the discrimination she has been traditionally subjected to). 172.Macalintal v. Comission on Elections, 405 SCRA. 614, 643-44 {2003) (citing Transcripts of Senate Proceedin~, Oct.. 1, 2002). 173. ld. at 645. . _. .. . ·. . . . .· . _ . _ _· 174· An Act Strengthening the Workers' Righ·t· t~ ·seif-:b~ization~ An1endi~g for the Purpose Presidential Decr~e No .. #z,_ -~ ~ended~ O~e~e Known as the Labor Code 'ofthe' Pl1ilippine5:: Jt.epub}ic ;Act N.:>. ·948 i; §' J (2007). · ·J . • -· ...... = ~~v:·" :~,

:? (Ali~()~· f.~~z ... ed;- I99S) (he'6:inafter Medina Jisuts]: ',_:. : ·;. >'.,. .·· ,:· . .;· ...

r.

.:

··>· _-: _, _ :_,;--: ·. .'

IS4.~D.~~. FILifrNO F~y; s~~~a-ridte 1ir~. at 2'31.

:·.

. ..

. . .

1S5~:M'~d.in~; Is.su~1 ,supra not~ i~3,at:jo:_ . .. .. · .· .·.... i86. PH·n.:. Coflis-r: art. III, § 8 ("The right of the people, including· those en:tployed in the public and private sectors, to fonn unions, associatio~ or societies for purposes not contrary to 'law shall not be abridged.").