Asuhan Keperawatan Pada Klien Dengan Pneumonia

 

H\VBHO MF^FZHPHTHO ^HDH MEIFO DFO@HO ^OFVAGOIH DI ZVHO@ ^FOYHMIT DHEHA

Gefb ; HECI ZI[MY DGHO @89:>>

^ZG@ZHA \TVDI ^ZGCF\I OFZ\ CHMVETH\ IEAV MF^FZHPHTHO DHO MF\FBHTHO VOISFZ\ITH\ AVBHAAHDIYHB \FAHZHO@ THBVO HKHZHO :>89/:>:>

 

JHJ I ^FODHBVEVHO H. EHTH EHTHZ Z JFE JFEHM HMHO HO@ @

^fofuagoih ^fofu agoih hdhehb iocfmsi iocfmsi yho` afoyfjhjmho afoyfjhjmho phru-phru phru-phru afrhdho`. afrhdho`. Mfahapuho Mfahapuho hevfgeus afoyfrhp gmsi`fo afokhdi jfrmurho`. Mfmurho`ho gmsi`fo afajuht sfe-sfe tujub tidhm jish jfmfrkh. Mhrfoh ioiehb, sfehio pfoyfjhrho iocfmsi dof`ho suajfr uthah  jhmtfri, virus, aimrgpehsah, khaur dho jfrjh`hi sfoyhwh miaih ahupuo phrtimfe. ^ofuagoih afruphmho ahshehb mfsfhbhho di duoih mhrfoh ho`mh mfahtihooyh yho` tio`` tio ``i, i, tidhm tidhm shkh di of`hrh of`hrh jfrmfa jfrmfajho jho` ` tfthpi tfthpi ku`h ku`h di of`hrh of`hrh ahku ahku sfpfrt sfpfrtii ahfrim ahfrimhh sfrimht, mhohdh, dho of`hr-of`hrh sfpfrti frgph. (Aisohdihrey, :>>2) ^ofuagoih ^ofua goih afruphmho afruphmho pfoyhmit pfoyhmit iocfmsi sheurho ohchs jhwhb hmut phdh pfrfomia  phru. ^ofuagoih disfjhjmho gefb aimrggr`hoisaf sfpfrti jhmtfri, virus, khaur, dho  phrhsit. ^frhdho`ho phdh phru yho` disfjhjmho gefb aylrgjhltfriua tujfrlgegsis tidhm  dimhtf`grim dimht f`grimho ho mfdheha mfdheha pofuagoih pofuagoih (Dhbeho, (Dhbeho, :>84). :>84). ^ofuagoih ^ofuagoih mgauoiths mgauoiths afruphmho afruphmho  kfois pofuagoih jhmtfrihe yho` didhpht dhri ahsyhrhmht (Mgzifr, :>8>). Mfkhdiho Mfkhdi ho pofuagoih pofuagoih lumup tio``i diduoih, yhitu sfmithr 86% - :>% (Dhbeho, :>84) :>84).. ^hdh usih ehokut ho`mh mfkhdiho pofuagoih afolhphi :>-:4 mhsus pfr 8>>> pfodudum  sftih sft ihp p thbu thbuo o (Agg (Aggrb rbfh fhd d ft he., he., :> :>8> 8>). ). ^fod ^fodfri frith th po pofu fuag agoi oihh us usih ih ehoku ehokutt afai afaiei eimi mi mfauo`mioho eiah mhei efjib jhoyhm uotum afrhwht iohp dijhodio`mho dfo`ho pfodfrith  pofuagoih usih dfwhsh (jueflbfm ft he., :>884). Di io iodg dgof ofsih sih,, pr prfv fvhe hefo fosi si mf mfkhd khdih iho o po pofu fuag agoi oihh ph phdh dh th thbu buo o :> :>8< 8< sfjfsh sfjfshrr 4, 4,6% 6% (Mfafotfriho Mfsfbhtho ZI, :>8  jfshr dhri rhwht iohp diruahb shmit, dfo`ho prgpgrsi mhsus 66%  pfrfapuho. ^ofuagoih afaieimi tio`mht lrudf chtheity rhtf (lcr) yho` tio``i, tio``i, yhitu 0,3% . Jfrdhshrmho dhth risft mfsfbhtho dhshr (ZI\MFDH\) :>8888>, afoyhthmho 8< kuth grho` di duoih afoio``he mhrfoh pofuagoih. ^ofuagoih hdhehb shehb shtu pfoyfjhj uthahoyh dfo`ho afajuoub sfmithr < kuth grho` afruphmho % dhri sfeurub mfahtiho yho` hdh (Hsahdi, :>>2). Di iodgofsih pofagoih afruphmho mfkhdiho tfrtio``i diahoh ho`mh 4  kuth mhsus pfr thbuo, 3>> riju grho` di rhwht di ruahb shmit mfrfoh afodfrith  pofuagoih.

 

Dhri urhiho di hths ahmh pfoueis io`io afo`fthbui efjib ehokut uotum afapfehkhri efjib efj ib khub khub tfotho tfotho` ` pfoyhm pfoyhmit it pofuag pofuagoih oih yho` yho` hmho hmho pfouei pfoueiss tuho`m tuho`mho ho dheha dheha Hsubho Hsubho Mfpfrhwhtho To.Z dfo`ho pofuagoih.

J. TVKVHO 8. Tu Tuku kuho ho Vaua Vaua

Afajfrimho `hajhrho bhsie hsubho mfpfrhwhtho phdh meifo dfo`ho pofuagoih :. Tu Tuku kuho ho Mbus Mbusus us;; h. Afokfe Afokfehsm hsmho ho mgosfp mgosfp dhshr dhshr pofuag pofuagoih oih yho` yho` tfrdir tfrdirii dhri dhri pfo`fr pfo`frtih tiho, o, fti ftigeg geg`i, `i, ahoicfsthsi meiois dho mgapeimhsi.  j. Afokfehsmho bhsie hsubho mfpfrhwhtho dhri pfo`mhkiho shaphi fvheuhsi. l. Afo` Afo`ue uehs hs hthu hthu afo` afo`ur urhi himh mho o tfot tfotho ho` ` mf mfod odhe hehh dh dho o mf mfjf jfrb rbhs hsie ieho ho hs hsub ubho ho mfpfrhwhtho L. ZVAV ZVAV\H \HO O AH\H AH\HEH EHB B 8. Hph dfcioisi pofuagoih 7 :. Hph ftigeg`i pofuagoih7 >9). F. ^FOH ^FOHTH THEH EHM\ M\HO HOHH HHO O

^fo`gjhtho dijfrimho jfrdhshrmho ftigeg`i dho uki rfsistfosi thpi mhrfoh bhe itu pfreu whmtu dho phsifo pofuagoih dijfrimho tfrhpi sflfphtoyh ; 8. ^foilieeio ^foilieeio @; uotum uotum iocfmsi iocfmsi pofuago pofuagoih ih sthpbyeg sthpbyeglgllus lgllus.. :. Hahothdiof Hahothdiof,, riahothdi riahothdiof; of; uotum uotum iocfmsi iocfmsi pofuago pofuagoih ih virus virus 86). C. ^FAFZI ^FAFZIM\H M\HHO HO ^FOVOK ^FOVOKHO@ HO@

8. \iohr \iohr R ; afo`id afo`idfot foticim icimhsi hsimho mho distrijus distrijusii strumtu strumturhe rhe (aishe; (aishe; egjhr, egjhr, jrgolb jrgolbihe) ihe)== dhpht dhpht  ku`h afoyhthmho hjsfs). :. ^fafri ^fafrimsh mshho ho `rha/m `rha/muet uetur, ur, sputua sputua dho dhrhb; dhrhb; uotum uotum dhpht afo`id afo`idfot foticim icimhsi hsi sfauh sfauh gr`hoisaf yho` hdh. 86). @. MGO\F^ MGO\F^ MF^FZH MF^FZHPH PHTHO THO 8. ^FO@ ^FO@MH MHKI KIHO HO

Afourut Pgo` (:>>9), hsubho mfpfrhwhtho phdh hohm dfo`ho pofuagoih afeiputi ; h. Idfo Idfoti tith thss Tfrdir Tfr dirii dhri dhri Ohah, Ohah, Og.Zfm Og.Zfm.Af .Afdis dis,, Vaur Vaur , H`hah, H`hah, Kfois Kfois Mfehai Mfehaio o ,^fmfr ,^fmfrkhho khho,, \thtus pfrmhwioho, Hehaht, Tho``he ahsum, Yho` afo`iria, Lhrh ahsum Z\, dho Dih`ogsh afdis dho ohah Idfotiths ^foho``uo` Khwhj afeiputi ; Ohah, Vaur, Buj dfo`ho phsifo, ^fmfrkhho dho Hehaht  j. Ziwhyht Mfsfbhtho 8) Mfeubho Mfeubho uthah ; Mfeubho uthah afruphmho afruphmho bhe-bhe bhe-bhe yho` dirhshmho dirhshmho gefb phsifo sfjfeua ahsum mf ruahb shmit. Ziwhyht Mfsfbhtho \fmhrho` :) Ziwhyht Ziwhyht Mfsfbhth Mfsfbhtho o Dhbueu Dhbueu > D.>>>< ><

@ho` @ho``u `uho ho

pfrt pfrtum umhr hrho ho

`hs `hs

pf pfru rujh jhbh bho o

afaj afajrh rhof of

he hevf vfge geus us-m -mhp hpie iefr  fr 

(pfoio`mhtho prgdumsi aulus)  j. D.>849 Jfrsibho kheho ohchs tidhm fcfmtic jfrbujuo`ho dfo`ho sfmrfsi yho` tfrthbho l. D.>>>9 D.>>>9 ^frcusi pfricfr pfricfr tidhm fcfmtic jfrbujuo` jfrbujuo`ho ho dfo`ho pfouruoho pfouruoho heirho heirho hrtfri dho/hthu vfoh d. D.>>00 D.>>00 Oyfri hmut jfrbujuo`h jfrbujuo`ho o dfo`ho h`fo pfolfdfrh pfolfdfrh cisigeg`is cisigeg`is f. D.>8 D.>8 Bipfrtfraih Bipfrtfraih jfrbujuo` jfrbujuo`ho ho dfo`ho prgsfs prgsfs pfoyhmit pfoyhmit (icfmsi) c. D.>>63 D.>>63 Iotgefrhosi Iotgefrhosi hmtivith hmtivithss jfrbujuo`ho jfrbujuo`ho dfo`ho dfo`ho mfefahb mfefahbho ho 4. IOTFZSFO\ IOTFZSFO\II MF^FZHP MF^FZHPHTHO HTHO

Afo``uohmho suajfr \IMI (:>82), dih`ogsh yho` di dhpht yhitu ; Og EVHZHO IOTFZSFO\I 8. E.>8 E.>8>> >>< < ; ^frt ^frtum umhr hrho ho `hs `hs Iotfrvfosi Vthah Gmsi`f Gms i`fohsi ohsi dho/ht dho/hthu hu fei feiaio aiohsi hsi ^fahothuho rfspirhsi mhrjgodigmsidh phdh afajrhof Gjsfrvhsi hevfg hev fgeu eus-m s-mhp hpie iefr fr dh dheh eha a jh jhths ths - Agoitgr crfmufosi irhah, mfdhehaho, ograhe dfo`ho mritfrih bhsie ; dho uphyh ohchs - Dyspofh afouruo - Agoitgr pgeh ohchs - Juoyi ohchs thajhbho - Agoitgr mfahapuho jhtum fcfmtic  afouruo - Agoitgr hdhoyh prgdumsi sputua - ^usio` afouruo - Ag Agoi oitg tgrr hd hdho hoyh yh su suaj ajht htho ho kh kheh eho o ohchs - @feishb afouruo - ^geh ohchs afajhim  - ^hephsi mfsiaftrisho fmsphosi phru - Husmuethsi juoyi ohchs - Agoitgr shturhsi gmsi`fo - Agoitgr oiehi H@D - Agoitgr bhsie x-rhy bhsie x-rhy tgrhms Tfrhpfutim Hturr iotfrv iotfrvhe he pfahot pfahothuh huho o rfspirh rfspirhsi si - Htu sfsuhi mgodisi phsifo - Dgmuafothsi bhsie pfahothuho Fdumhsi fehhsmho tukuho dho prgsfdur  - Kfe  pfahothuho - Iocgrahsimho bhsie pfahothuho :. : E.>:>8 >88 8 ; ^frc ^frcus usii pfr pfric icfr fr Mfh fhd dfmuhtho heirh rho o dhrh rhb b ^frhwhtho sirmuehsi  pfajueub dhrhb disthe uotum  Gjsfrvhsi

a fapfrt rth hbhomhbhsie o dfo`ho mritfrih ;

khr hriio`ho

-- ^frimsh sirmuehsi pfricfr  Idfoti Idf oticim cimhsi hsi chltgr chltgr risimg risimg `ho``u `ho``uho ho

 

Dfoyut ohdi pfricfr   sirmuehsi Agoi oitg tgrr ph phoh ohs, s, mf mfaf afrhb rhbho ho,, oy oyfri fri - Ag afoio`mht hthu jfo`mhm phdh fmstrfaiths - Fdfah pfricfr afouruo Tfrhpfutim - Mfefahbho gtgt afouruo - Bio Biodh dhri ri pfahs fahsho ho`h `ho o io iocu cuss ht hthu hu - Tfmhoho dhrhb sistgeim   pfo`hajieho dhrhb dihrfh afajhim  mftfrjhthsho pfrcusi Biodhr dhrii pfo`um pfo`umurh urho o tfmhoh tfmhoho o dhrhb dhrhb - Bio Tfmhoho dhrhb dihstgeil  phdh fmstrfaiths dfo`ho afajhim  mftfrjhthsho pfrcusi - Ehmumho pfolf`hbho iocfmsi Fdumhsi - Hokurmho gehbrh`h rutio - Hkhrmho prg`rha dift uotum   afapfrjhimi sirmuehsi E.>2>33 ; Tio`mht oyfri I.>2:40 0 ; Tgef Tgefrh rhos osii hmti hmtivi vith thss Iotfrvfosi Vthah Zfsp Zf spgo go ci cisi sige geg g`is `is tfrb tfrbhd hdhp hp Ahohkfafo fofr`i hm hmti tivi vith thss yh yho` o` afaj afajut utub ubmh mho o Gjsfrvhsi - Idfot tfoh`h dfo`ho mritfrih bhsie ; Idfoticimhsi icimhsi `ho``uho `ho``uho cuo`si cuo`si tujub tujub yho` afo`hmijhtmho mfefehbho - Crfmufosi ohdi afoio`mht - Agoitgr mfefehbh cisim dho fagsigohe - \hturhsi gmsi`fo afoio`mht sfbhri-bhri - Agoitgr egmhsi dho mftidhmoyhahoho - Hmtiviths sfehah afehmumho hmtiviths afoio`mht Tfrhpfutim - Mfeubho Efehb afouruo \fdihm ihmho ho eio`mu eio`muo`h o`ho o oyhaho oyhaho dho - \fd - Dyspofh afouruo rfodhb stiaueus - ^frhshho efahb afouruo Fdumhsi - Hokurmho tirhb jhrio` - Tfmhoho dhrhb afajhim  - Hokurmho afehmumho hmtiviths sflhrh - Crfmufosi ohchs afajhim   jfrthbhp Mgehjgrhsi - Mgehjgrhsi dfo`ho hbei `izi tfotho` lhrh afoio`mhtmho hsupho ahmhoho

 

JHJ III ZF\VAF H\VBHO MF^FZHPHTHO H. \MFO \MFOHZ HZIG IG MH\V MH\V\ \

\fgrho` ehmi-ehmi uaur 69 tb dirhwht di ruho` pfoyhmit dheha mhrfoh sudhb < bhri yho` eheu afo`hehai jhtum jfrefodir, sfrio` dfaha dho afo``i`ie. ^fo`mhkiho shht ioi didhph did hphtmh tmho o dhth dhth phsifo phsifo sfrio` sfrio` jhtum jhtum prgdum prgdumtic tic,, ph phsifo sifo afo`fe afo`feub ub dfaha dfaha dho tfreib tfreibht ht afo``i`ie, afo`` i`ie, tfreibht ohchs lupio` biduo`, dho pfo``uohho pfo``uohho gtgt jhotu ohchs, phdh phephsi dhdhh tfrdhph dhd tfrdhphtt pfoio` pfoio`mht mhtho ho `fthrho `fthrho phdh phdh sfauh sfauh phru. phru. pfafrim pfafrimshho shho husmue husmueths thsii rgolbi rgolbi ehpho` phru mhoho dho miri TTS = \ubu  L, Ohdi= 93R/aot, ZZ=/9> aaB`. ^hsifo afo`hthmho sudhb sfkhm 8> tb yho` eheu afokhdi pflhodu rgmgm murho` efjib 8: jhtho` pfr bhri. ^hsifo ku`h afo`hthmho sfrio` shmit shmitho sfpfrti  jhtum, piefm dho dfaha. ^hsifo pfrohb dirhwht dfo`ho ^ofuagoih TJ/JJ 866 la/3< m`. Bhsie pfafrimshho Ehj; Bj 84.4 `r%, Efumgsit 8:3>> aa >

Tho``he

; \foio,:>

IDFOTITH\

 Ohah

;-

(Ehmi-ehmi)

Tfap Tf apht ht & T`e T`e Ehbi Ehbirr ; 6 69 9 Thb Thbuo uo Dih`ogsh Af Afdim \VJKFMTIC

; ^o ^ofuagoih

8. \thtu \thtuss Mfsfb Mfsfbhth htho o \hht \hht ioi

h. Hehsho Hehsho ahsum ahsum Zuahb \hmit/ \hmit/Mfe Mfeub ubho ho uthah ; phsifo phsifo afo`heh afo`hehai ai jhtum jfrefo jfrefodir dir,, sfrio` dfaha dho afo``i`ie  j. Ehahoyh mfeubho < bhri yho` eheu :. \thtu \thtuss Mfsf Mfsfbht bhtho ho Ahsh Ahsh Eheu Eheu

^hsifo pfrohb dirhwht dfo`ho ^ofuagoih, ^hsifo afo`hthmho sudhb sfkhm 8> tb yho` eheu afokhdi pflhodu rgmgm murho` efjib 8: jhtho` pfr bhri, ^hsifo ku`h afo`hthmho sfrio` shmit shmitho sfpfrti jhtum, piefm dho dfaha

 

GJKFMTIC

- ^hsifo ^hsifo tfreib tfreibht ht ohchs ohchs lupio` lupio` biduo` biduo` - ^fo``u ^fo``uohh ohho o gtgt gtgt jhotu jhotu ohchs ohchs ^hephsi dhdh tfrdhpht pfoio`mhtho `fthrho phdh sfauh phru Husmuethsi rgolbi ehpho` phru mhoho dho miri - TT TTS

;

\ubu

;  L

 Ohdi

; 93x/aot

ZZ

; /9> aaB`

- TJ/JJ ; 866 la/3< m` DHTH ^FOVOKHO@

; Bj 84.4 `r%, Efumgsit 8:3>> aa>< @ho``uho @ho``uho pfrtumhrho pfrtumhrho `hs pfrujhbho pfrujhbho afajrhof afajrhof hevfgeus-mhpiefr hevfgeus-mhpiefr (pfoio`mhtho prgdumsi aulus) :. D.>8 Bipfrtfraih Bipfrtfraih jfrbujuo`ho jfrbujuo`ho dfo`ho prgsfs prgsfs pfoyhmit pfoyhmit (icfmsi) (icfmsi) >2> Hosifths Hosifths jfrbujuo`ho jfrbujuo`ho dfo`ho murho` murho` tfrphphr tfrphphr iocgrahsi

 

F. IOTFZS IOTFZSFO\ FO\II MF^FZ MF^FZHP HPHTH HTHO O Og 8.

:.

EVHZHO IOTFZSFO\I E.>8 E.>8>> >>< < ; ^frt ^frtum umhr hrho ho `hs `hs Iotfrvfosi Vthah Gmsi` Gm si`fo fohsi hsi dh dho/ o/ht hthu hu feia feiaio iohs hsii ^fahothuho rfspirhsi mhrjgodig mhrjg odigmsidh msidh phdh afajrhof afajrhof Gjsfrvhsi hevf hevfge geus us-m -mhp hpie iefr fr dheh dheha a jhth jhthss - Agoit Agoitgr gr crfmufosi crfmufosi irhah, mfdhehaho, mfdhehaho, dho

ograhe dfo`ho mritfrih bhsie ; - Dyspofh afouruo - Juoyi ohchs thajhbho afouruo - ^usio` afouruo - @feishb afouruo - ^geh ohchs afajhim 

uphyh ohchs - Agoitgr pgeh ohchs - Agoitgr mfahapuho jhtum fcfmtic  - Agoitgr hdhoyh prgdumsi sputua - Agoitgr hdhoyh suajhtho kheho ohchs - ^hephsi mfsiaftrisho fmsphosi phru - Husmuethsi juoyi ohchs - Agoitgr shturhsi gmsi`fo - Agoitgr oiehi H@D bhsie x-rhy tgrhms - Agoitgr bhsie x-rhy Tfrhpfutim - Htur iotfrvhe pfahothuho rfspirhsi sfsuhi mgodisi phsifo - Dgmuafothsi bhsie pfahothuho Fdumhsi - Kfehsmho tukuho dho prgsfdur pfahothuho - Iocgrahsimho bhsie pfahothuho

E.>2>33 ; Tio`mht oyfri afouruo dfo`ho mritfrih bhsie ; 0. Mfeub Mfeubho ho oyfri oyfri afouru afouruo o 2. Af Afri rio` o`is is afo afour uruo uo 9. \imhp \imhp prgt prgtfmt fmtic ic afou afouruo ruo 8>.Crfmufosi ohdi afajhim  88.^geh ohcs afajhim  8:.Tfmhoho dhrhb afajhim  E.8483 ; Ahohkfafo Bipfrtfraih Gjsfrvhsi - Idfoticimhsi pfoyfjhj bipfrtfraih - Agoitgr subu tujub - Agoitgr mhdhr fefmtrgeit - Agoitgr bheuhrho urio - Agoitgr mgapeimhsi hmijht bipfrtfraih Tfrhpfutim

afoio`mht dfo`ho mritfrih bhsie ; 9>9 >9< < ; Tio` Tio`mh mhtt hos hosif ifth thss 8. Sfrj Sfrjhe heis ishs hsii mbhw mbhwht htir ir hmij hmijht ht mgodisi yho` dibhdhpi afouruo :. ^frieh ^friehmu mu `fe `feishb ishb afou afouruo ruo >>84). Hsubho Mfpfrhwhtho \istfa ^frohchsho phdh Ahousih. Khmhrth. F@L Dfpmfs ZI, (:>88888>). Cuodhafothe Mfpfrhwhtho Fdisi 0. Khmhrth; F@L Afhdgw, Zgy.:>86. Ogtfs Zgy.:>86. Ogtfs pfdihtrim Fdisi 0 . Freho``h. Khmhrth.  Ourhric, haio budh. :>86. Ohodh; hpeimhsi Hsubho Mfpfrhwhtho oil-ogl. oil-ogl . Afdihltigo Kg`kh ; Yg`yhmhrth Tia ^gmkh \DMI D^^ ^^OI, (:>83), \thodhr Dih`ogsis Mfpfrhwhtho Iodgofsih (\DMI), (\DMI) , Fdisi 8, Khmhrth, ^frshtuho ^frhwht Iodgofsih Tia ^gmkh \EMI D^^ ^^OI, (:>82), \thodhr Euhrho Mfpfrhwhtho Iodgofsih (\EMI), (\EMI) , Fdisi 8, Khmhrth, ^frshtuho ^frhwht Iodgofsih Tia ^gmkh \IMI D^^ ^^OI, (:>82), \thodhr Iotfrvfosi Mfpfrhwhtho Iodgofsih (\IMI), (\IMI) , Fdisi 8, Khmhrth, ^frshtuho ^frhwht Iodgofsih Pgo`, Dgooh E. :>>9. Jumu :>>9. Jumu Hkhr Mfpfrhwhtho ^fdihtrim. ^fdihtrim. Sge. 8. Fdisi 3 . Khmhrth ; F@L