ASTM-D5731 Point Load Strength - En.es

 

@nshledahñe6 @ > QGAHN@D@ DKNRHADED ]DRD ]R^NBDQ X KDPNRHDJNQ 4== Bdrr Odrbgr @r., \nst Agesogogaine, ]D 480 2? Rnhkprnsg `nj Jhbrg Deudj `n Egrkds DQPK. Agpyrhlot DQPK

Kètg`g `n prunbd nstäe`dr pdrd

@ntnrkhedahñe `nj ëe`han `n rnshstneahd d jd adrld puetudj `n jd rgad

4

Nstd egrkd sn nkhtn age jd `nshledahñe chfd @ > ad>egrtn egrtn.. shlehchad`g y usgrndjhzdrsn usgrndjhzdrsn ne nj adkpg g ne nj jdbgrdtgrhg pgrqun jds prunbds

jd käquhed ns pgrtäthj. Nstd ns ued prunbd `n ëe`han y nstä `nsthed`d d snr >.4 Jd prunbd `n agkprnshñe uehdxhdj (vnr Kètg`g `n prunbd @ 281?) qun sn uthjhzd pdrd ajdshchadr y adrdatnrhzdr jd rgad. sn uthjhzd pdrd `ntnrkhedr jd rnshstneahd d jd agkprnshñe `n kunstrds `n rgad,

4.2 Nstn kètg`g `n prunbd sn dpjhad d rgad `urd (agkprnshvd, pnrg ns ued prunbd agstgsd y qun rnquhnrn kuaog thnkpg).

cunrzd supnrhgr d 4> K]d (22== psh)). ]rnpdrdahñe `n nspèahkne. Aude`g sn rnquhnrne prunbds nxodusthvds pdrd 4.1 Jgs vdjgrns he`had`gs h e`had`gs ne jds ueh`d`ns QH `nbne agesh`nrdrsn agkg hecgrkdahñe prnjhkhedr prnjhkhedr y `n rnagegahkhnetg, prunb prunbds ds djtnredthvds

nstäe`dr. agkg jd prunbd `n adrld puetudj sn pun`n uthjhzdr ne nj adkpg pdrd rn`uahr jd 4.0 Nstd egrkd eg prntne`n dbgr`dr tg`gs jgs thnkpg thnkpg y agstg `n jds prunbds `n rnshstneahd d jd agkprnshñe. prngaupdahgens `n snlurh`d`, sh jds ody, dsgahd`ds age su usg. Ns nj > >.2 .2 Jd prunbd `n rnshstneahd d jd adrld puetudj sn uthjhzd agkg prunbd `n ëe`han pdrd rnspgesdbhjh`d` `nj usudrhg `n nstd egrkd `n nstdbjnanr jd dprgbdahñe Ajdshchadahñe Ajdshchadahñe `n rnshstneahd `n jgs kdtnrhdjns rgagsgs. Jgs rnsujtd`gs `n jd prunbd `nbne

nstdbjnanr präathads präathads `n snlurh`d` y sdju` y `ntnrkhedr jd dpjhadahñe eg eg `nbn uthjhzdrsn age chens dedjëthags g `n `hsnôg.bhjh`d` `hsnôg.bhjh`d` >.1 Nstn kètg`g `n prunbd sn rndjhzd pdrd `ntnrkhedr nj puetg `n jhkhtdahgens rnljdknetdrhds detns `n su usg. ëe`han `n cunrzd `n adrldH  adrld H ss ((>=)) (  (>=)) `n kunstrds `n rgad, y jd rnshstneahd `n jd

2. @gauknetgs `n rncnrneahd

adrld puetudj dehsgtrgpëd he`nH  he`nH _d (>=)) (>=)) qun ns jd rnjdahñe `n jds rnshstneahds `n

adrld puetudj ne `hcnrnetns nfns qun `de agkg rnsujtd`g nj kdygr y 2.4 Nstäe`drns DQPK6  @ 3>1 Pnrkhegjglëd rnjdthvd d sunjgs, rgads y vdjgrns këehkgs agetneh`gs.

Cjuh`gs2

>.0 Kunstrds `n rgad ne cgrkd `n eöajng (nj `hdkntrdj

@ 2243 Kètg`g `n prunbd pdrd jd `ntnrkhedahñe `n dlud ne jdbgrdtgrhg y prunbds dxhdjns), bjgquns agrtd`gs (jd prunbd `n bjgquns) g lrukgs hrrnlujdrns

(Oukn`d`) Agetneh`g `nj sunjg y Rg2ai (jd prunbd `n lrukgs hrrnlujdrns) sn prunbde kn`hdetn jd dpjhadahñe `n ageanetrdahgens @ 281? Kètg`g `n prunbd pdrd adrld `n rnshstneahd d jd agkprnshñe eg ageched`d d trdvès `n ue pdr `n pjdtgs añehags truead`gs. ]gag g eg sn rnquhnrn prnpdrdahñe `n kunstrds. `n nspnahkn `n eöajng `n rgad hetdatd 2es

3. Dpdrdtg

1. Pnrkhegjglëd

3.4 Lnenrd -j ^e prgbd`gr `n adrld puetudj (vnr Chl.4) agestd `n ue

1.4 @nchehahgens `n tèrkhegs nspnaëchags `n nstd egrkd6 

shstnkd `n adrld tëphadknetn agkpunstg pgr ue bdsth`gr `n adrld, pjdtgs, 1.4.4 cunrzd `n adrld puetudj he`n _- ue he`had`gr `n cunrzd (vnr 8.4) gbtneh`g sgknthne`g ue nspèahkne `n rgad d ue shstnkd `n kn`hahñe pdrd he`hadr jgd jgd]DL  ]DL ` ,, (rnqunrh`g pdrd rgkpnr adrld puetudj ad`d vnz käs ageanetrd`d, ageanetrd`d, dpjhad`d d trdvès `n ue pdr `n kunstrds), y ue kn`hg pdrd kn`hr jd `hstdeahd `hstdeahd@  @ e, e, an, netrn jgs `gs puetgs `n agetdatg `n jd pjdthed. Nj nquhpg `nbn snr truead`g, pjdtgs añehags, odstd qun gaurrd jd cdjjd 1rs.

rnshstnetn d lgjpns y vhbrdahgens pdrd qun jd prnahshñe `n jds jnaturds eg sn vnd dcnatd`d enldthvdknetn pgr prunbds rnpnth`ds.

0. Rnsukne `nj kètg`g `n prunbd

3.2 Qhstnkd `n adrld  6 0.4 Nstd prunbd `n ëe`han sn rndjhzd sgknthne`g ued rgad kunstrd d ued adrld ad`d vnz käs ageanetrd`d odstd jd cdjjd 3.2.4 Nj shstnkd `n adrld `nbn tnenr ue kdrag `n adrld age ue Nspdahg jhbrn `n pjdthed d pjdthed qun pnrkhtn jd prunbd `n kunstrds `n rgad ne nj rdelg `n tdkdôg rnqunrh`g. Pëphadknetn, nstn rdelg nstä `netrg `n jgs 1= d ?> kk, pgr jg qun ued `hstdeahd dfustdbjn nstä `hspgehbjn pdrd dagkg`dr

4 Nstn kètg`g `n prunbd nstä bdfg jd furhs`haahñe `nj Agkhtè @-4? `n DQPK sgbrn sunjgs y rgads y ns rnspgesdbhjh`d` `hrnatd `nj Qubagkhtè @4?.42 sgbrn rgads.cnaodr tdetg nspnaëknens pnqunôgs agkg lrde`ns.Knaäehad.

3.2.2 Jd adpdah`d` `n adrld `nbn snr suchahnetn pdrd rgkpnr nj N`hahñe datudj dprgbd`d nj 4> `n kdyg `n 488>. ]ubjhad`g ne fujhg `n 488>.2 Jhbrg deudj `nj jds kunstrds käs lrde`ns y rnshstnetns qun sn vde d nesdydr. nstäe`dr DQPK ,@ Ss gj gj =0.=?.2=481 ‚Kètg`gs sulnrh`gs pdrd `ntnrkhedr jd rnshstneahd `n jd 3.2.1 Jd käquhed `n prunbd `nbn `hsnôdrsn y agestruhrsn adrld puetudj‛, Agkhshñe `n jd Qgahn`d` Hetnredahgedj `n Knaäehad `n Rgads sgbrn nj kètg`g `n prunbdNe  prunbdNe @t s.  F. , F. Rgai. Knao. Khe. Khe. Qah. y db`g db`gkhedjns khedjns lngknaäeh lngknaäehags  ags , t S r. r.gj gj 22, eök. 2, 48?>, päls. >4‑3=.

4

`n kdenrd qun

 

@ > ~@  ~@ kh  kh / >=!=,0> ]drd prunbds anradeds dj tdkdôg nstäe`dr `n >= kk, sgjg sn hetrg`uan ue pnqunôg nrrgr dj usdr jd nxprnshñe dprgxhkd`d6 dprgxhkd`d6

8. Aäjaujg 8.4 He`. @n rnshstneahd `n adrld puetudj eg agrrnlh`d -nx Jd Jd heagrrnlhbjn

C > ;~@ kh  kh / >=!

cunrzd `n adrld puetudj rnatn`H  rnatn`H os sn adjaujd agkg6 H s > ]DL /@ kh  kh  2,

K]d

(>)

ne juldr `n uthjhzdr nj prgan`hkhnetg `nsarhtg ne jd Chl.>.

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8.1 Aäjaujg `nj vdjgr kn`hg 6egrtn 

`ñe`n6

(>=), agkg sn `nchen ne 8.1.2, `nbne snr 8.1.4 Sdjgrns kn`hgs gH  gH Cs (>=)

]DL > adrld `n cdjjd, E,> `häkntrg `nj eöajng nquhvdjnetn>r @ pdrd @ kh  kh  prunbds `hdkntrdjns

uthjhzd`g dj ajdshchadr kunstrds age rnspnatg d su rnshstneahd d jd adrld puetudj y jgs ëe`hans `n dehsgtrgpëd `n jd rnshstneahd d jd adrld puetudj.

(vnr Chl.1), k, y vhnen `d`g pgr6

@kh  2  @kh  2 

(0)

> @2 pdrd eöajngs, kk 2,

8.1.2 Nj vdjgr kn`hg gH  gH s s C(>=) sn adjaujd njhkhede`g

g

jgs `gs vdjgrns käs djtgs y jgs `gs käs bdfgs `n jds `hnz, g käs, prunbds väjh`ds, y adjaujdr jd kn`hd `n jgs vdjgrns rnstdetns. Qh sn dedjhzde shlehchadthvdknetn shlehchadthvdknetn knegs kunstrds, sgjg jds käs djtds y

> 0D /pdl pdrd nesdygs dxhdjns, `n bjgqun y `n lrukgs, k 2kntrg 9

`ñe`n6

D > \@ > ärnd këehkd `n jd snaahñe trdesvnrsdj `n ue pjdeg, jgs vdjgrns käs bdfgs `nbne snr njhkhed`gs y jd kn`hd adjaujd`d d pdrthr `n

d trdvès `n jgs puetgs `n agetdatg `n jd pjdthed (vnr Chl. 1). jgs qun qun`de.

8.0 He`. @n dehsgtrgpëd `n rnshstneahd `n adrld puetudj -nx Jd Jd

cunrzd

egrtnbnenchahgs snlöe gbfnthvgs 46 sh sn prg`uan ued pnentrdahñe shlehchadthvd `n jd pjdthed ne jd prunbd, agkg aude`g sn prunbde drnehsads `èbhjns, nj vdjgr @ gsc gsc `nbnrëd snr nj vdjgr chedj `n

jd snpdrdahñe `nj puetg `n adrld@  adrld@ ts? ,. Kn`h`ds `nj `häkntrg `nj eöajng, @ , g deaog `n jd kunstrd,\  kunstrd,\ , pnrpne`haujdrns d jd jëend qun uen jgs puetgs `n adrld eg sn vne dcnatd`gs pgr nstd pnentrdahñe `n jd pjdthed y `nbne kdetnenrsn ne jgs vdjgrns grhlhedjns. Nj vdjgr kg`hchad`g@  kg`hchad`g@  s kh gac gac de snr adjaujd`g

`n6 2 h > @ 1 @ ? pdrd eöajngs> 0 /pdl \ 1 @ ? pdrd gtrds cgrkds @ kh k

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8.2 Cdatgr `n agrrnaahñe `n tdkdôg 6r 

8.2.4 H s vdrëd ne cueahñe `n@  `n@  c ne jd prunbd `hdkntrdj, y agkg ued cueahñe `n@  `n@ kh kh ne nesdygs dxhdjns, `n bjgquns y `n tnrrgens hrrnlujdrns, `n kg`g qun sn `nbn dpjhadr ued agrrnaahñe `n tdkdôg pdrd gbtnenr ue vdjgr öehag `n rnshstneahd d jd adrld puetudj pdrd jd kunstrd `n rgad y ueg qun pun`d usdrsn pdrd chens `n ajdshchadahñe `n jd rnshstneahd `n jd rgad. 8.2.2 Jd rnshstneahd `n adrld puetudj agrrnlh`d pgr tdkdôg he`H  he`H kh ks h(_ >=, ), `n

ued kunstrd `n rgad sn `nchen agkg nj vdjgrH  vdjgrH s sgtcodt g   tcodt odbrëd od sh`g kn`h`g pgr ued prunbd `hdkntrdj w@  w@ age> age> >= kk.

8.2.1 Aude`g ued ajdshchadahñe prnahsd `n jds rgads ns nsneahdj, jd nj kètg`g käs agechdbjn `n gbtneahñeH  gbtneahñeH lrdkg lrdkg s (>=) (>=) ns age`uahr `hdkntrdjknetn

prunbds ne g anrad `n@ `n@ > >= kk. Netgeans, jd agrrnaahñe `n tdkdôg ns heenansdrhd. ]gr nfnkpjg, ne nj adsg `n prunbds `hdkntrdjns ne E_, nj `häkntrg `nj eöajng> r >0 kk y agrrnaahñe `n tdkdôg t@  t@ g > >= kk ns

OHLG. > ]rgan`hkhnetg pdrd jd `ntnrkhedahñe lrächad `n

eg ns enansdrhg. Jd kdygrëd `n jds prunbds `n rnshstneahd d jd adrld puetudj sge `n onaog `n Rnsujtd`gs nerndjhzd`g

uthjhzde`g gtrgs tdkdôgs g cgrkds `n kunstrds. Ne nsgs adsgs,

>

@ kh kh Sdjgrns

>=) `n ue agefuetg H ss ( (>=)

`hsthetgs `n >= kk (HQRK sulnrh`g Kètg`gs) 1

 

@ >= >0 3= D @n jgs kètg`gs sulnrh`gs pgr

D

4 48 24 21 20 20,> HQRK.1

4=. Hecgrkn 4=.4 ^e hecgrkn tëphag (nfnkpjg qun sn kunstrd ne jd Chl.?) pun`n heajuhr

nj snluhkhnetg6 4=.4.4 Cunetn `n jd kunstrd, heajuh`g nj egkbrn `nj prgynatg, jd ubhadahñe,

y, sh sn agegan, netgreg `n djkdanedkhnetg. Jd ubhadahñe pun`n nspnahchadrsn ne tèrkhegs `n eöknrg `n pgzg y prgcue`h`d` `n jd kunstrd `ns`n nj aunjjg `nj pgzg,

4=.4.2 @nsarhpahñe cëshad `n jd kunstrd, heajuh`g nj thpg `n rgad

1

OHLG. 3 Pdbjd `n cdatgrns `n agrrnaahñe `n tdkdôg (kètg`gs sulnrh`gs pgr HQRK)

dehsgtrgpëdH d  ëe`han `n dehsgtrgpëdH  d(>=) (  >=) sn `nchen agkg jd prgpgrahñe `n kndH  knd H egrtn egrtn

y ubhadahñe y grhnetdahñe `n `hsagetheuh`d`ns, `hsagetheuh`d`ns, tdjns agkg pjdegs `n `nbhjh`d` dpdrnetn, pjdegs `n adkd, nsquhstgsh`d` n heajushgens lrde`ns g heogkglnenh`d`ns, heogkglnenh` d`ns, sh jds oubhnrd,

4=.4.1 Cnaod `n kunstrng y deäjhshs, 4=.4.0 He`hadahñe lnenrdj `n jd age`hahñe `n oukn`d` `n jd prunbd.

s (>=) (>=)

kunstrds ne nj kgknetg `n jd prunbd, agkg sdturd`ds, rnahbh`ds, vdjgrns kn`h`gs pnrpne`haujdrns y pdrdjnjgs d jgs pjdegs `n cjufg snag dj dhrn g dj ogreg. Ne djluegs adsgs, pun`n snr enansdrhg, ns `nahr, jd rnjdahñe netrn jd kdygr y jd knegr rnshstneahd `n adrld puetudj, hecgrkdr nj agetneh`g `n dlud rndj snlöe sn `ntnrkhed ne ëe`hans. `n daunr`g age nj kètg`g `n prunbd @ 2243,

8.> Nsthkdahñe `nj nscunrzg agkprnshvg - lto Nj Nj nsthkd`g

4=.4.> Nspnsgr prgkn`hg y `häkntrg prgkn`hg `n jd prunbd

Jd rnshstneahd d jd agkprnshñe uehdxhdj sn pun`n gbtnenr uthjhzde`g jd kunstrd `n jd chlurd s3, g uthjhzde`g jd shluhnetn cñrkujd6

@ua > AH s s~  >=!

4=.4.3 Jd adrld käxhkd dpjhad`d]DL  dpjhad`d]DL "", "", 4=.4.< Jd `hstdeahd@  `hstdeahd@ "" "" g @ ?, ?, g dkbgs, sh ns enansdrhg,

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`ñe`n6

@ua  A 

> rnshstneahd d jd agkprnshñe uehdxhdj,> cdatgr qun `npne`n `n jd agrrnjdahñe nspnaëchad `nj shthg

Netrn@ua y ygs (>=), y H s (>=) 

4=.4.? @hrnaahñe `n adrld (pdrdjnjd g egrkdj dj pjdeg `n `nbhjh`d`), 4=.4.8 Nj eöknrg `n prgbntds nesdyd`ds,

4=.4.4= Nj adjaujd`g she agrrnlhrH  agrrnlhrH @ s ) (y agrrnlh`gH  agrrnlh`gH s (>=)  vdjgrns `n ëe`han `n cunrzd `n adrld puetudj,

> ëe`han `n rnshstneahd `n adrld puetudj agrrnlh`g.

4=.4.44 Nj vdjgr nsthkd`g `n agkprnshñe uehdxhdj cunrzd @( ua ), ),

8.>.4 Qh nj cdatgr `n agrrnjdahñe nspnaëchag `nj shthg nxdatgA  nxdatgA "" "" eg ns

`hspgehbjn, usn nj vdjgr lnenrdjhzd`g g A c ‛‚ sn kunstrd ne jd Pdbjd 4.

Qh djlöe nspèahkne ne ue thpg `n rgad `d ue vdjgr `nj 2=% pgr `nbdfg `nj 4=.4.42 Nj vdjgr adjaujd`g `nj ëe`han `n dehsgtrgpëd `n rnshstneahd rnshstneahd

(H d  d (>=) (>=)), y

prgkn`hg, `nbn nxdkhedrsn ne busad `n `ncnatgs.

4=.4.41 Phpg y ubhadahñe `n jd cdjjd, heajuh`d audjquhnr cgtg-

lrächags `n jds kunstrds dedjhzd`ds detns y `nspuès `n jd prunbd.

44. ]rnahshñe y snslg 44,4 ]rnahshñe ‐@nbh`g ‐@nbh`g d jd edturdjnzd `n jgs kdtnrhdjns rgagsgs prgbd`gs

Age nstn kètg`g `n prunbd, eg sn ode prg`uah`g pdrd jd prunbd köjthpjns kunstrds qun thnene prgphn`d`ns cëshads ue hcgrkns. @d`g qun jds kunstrds qun prg`uahrëde jgs khskgs rnsujtd`gs `n prunbd eg sn ode prgbd`g, nj Qubagkhtè @4?.42 eg pun`n `ntnrkhedr jd vdrhdahñe netrn jds prunbds, yd qun audjquhnr vdrhdahñe gbsnrvd`d ns tde prgbdbjn qun sn `nbd d jd vdrhdahñe `n jd kunstrd agkg d jd vdrhdahñe `nj gpnrd`gr g `n jd prunbd. Nj Qubagkhtè @4?.42 `d jd bhnevneh`d d jds prgpunstds pdrd rnsgjvnr nstn prgbjnkd y pnrkhthrëd nj `nsdrrgjjg `n ued `najdrdahñe `n prnahshñe väjh`d. 44,2 ]drahdjh`d` ‐Eg ‐Eg nxhstn ue vdjgr `n rncnrneahd danptd`g pdrd nstd prunbd

kètg`g9 pgr jg tdetg, eg sn pun`n `ntnrkhedr nj snslg.

egrtnbnenchahgs snlöe gbfnthvgs 4 d 4 K]d> 4=,2 il / ak 2 > 40> jb / pujl.2 (Kètg`gs sulnrh`gs pgr HQRK)1.

42. ]djdbrds ajdvn

OHLG. < Rnjdahñe netrn nj ëe`han `n rnshstneahd `n adrld puetudj y

42.4 rnshstneahd d jd agkprnshñe9 prunbd `n ëe`han9 adrld puetudj9 Rgad

Rnshstneahd d jd agkprnshñe uehdxhdj

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