Designation: D5361/D5361M − 16
Standard Practice for
Sampling Compacted Asphalt Mixtures for Laboratory Testing1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5361/D5361M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon ( ´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Sco Scope pe
4. Signi Significanc ficancee and Use
1.1 Thi Thiss pra practic cticee des describ cribes es a pro proced cedure ure for rem remova ovall of a sample samp le of com compac pacted ted asp asphal haltt mix mixtur turee fro from m a pav pavemen ementt for laboratory testing.
4.1 Samples Samples obt obtain ained ed in acc accord ordanc ancee with the pro proced cedure ure given in this practice may be used to measure many different properties of a compacted asphalt pavement including, but not limited to, pavement thickness, density, resilient or dynamic modulus, tensile strength, Marshall or Hveem stability, or for extrac ext ractio tion n test testing ing,, to det determ ermine ine asp asphal haltt con conten tent, t, asp asphal haltt properties, and mix gradation.
1.2 Units— The T he va valu lues es sta stated ted in ei eith ther er SI un units its or in inch ch-pound pou nd uni units ts are to be reg regard arded ed sep separa arately tely as sta standa ndard. rd. The values valu es stat stated ed in each system system may not be exac exactt equ equiva ivalent lents; s; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. 1.3 The text of this standard standard references references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.4 This standar standard d doe doess not purport purport to add addre ress ss all of the safet sa fetyy co conc ncer erns ns,, if an anyy, as asso socia ciate ted d wi with th its us use. e. It is th thee responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro priate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenc Referenced ed Documents Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:2 D8 Terminology D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements D3665 Practice D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials D3666 Specification D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials 3. Terminology 3.1 Refer to Terminolo Terminology gy D8
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 Committee D04 on Road and Paving Mater Paving Materials ials and is the direct respon responsibil sibility ity of Subco Subcommitte mmitteee D04.30 on Methods of Sampling. Curren Cur rentt edi editio tion n app approv roved ed Jun Junee 1, 201 2016. 6. Pub Publis lished hed Jun Junee 201 2016. 6. Ori Origin ginall ally y approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5361/D5361M – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D5361_D5361M-16. 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at
[email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
NOTE 1—The 1—The qua quality lity of the res result ultss pro produc duced ed by thi thiss sta standa ndard rd are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing dependent performing the proce procedure dure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agenci Age ncies es tha thatt mee meett the cri criter teria ia of Spe Specifi cificat cation ion D3666 are genera generally lly consider cons idered ed capa capable ble of com compete petent nt and obje objectiv ctivee tes testing ting/sam /samplin pling/ g/ inspection/e inspe ction/etc. tc. Users of this standard are cautio cautioned ned that compl compliance iance with Specification D3666 alone does not comp completely letely assure reliable result results. s. Reliable Reliab le result resultss depen depend d on many factor factors; s; follo following wing the sugge suggestions stions of Specification D3666 or som somee sim similar ilar acc accept eptabl ablee gui guidel deline ine pro provid vides es a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
5. Appar Apparatus atus 5.1 To min 5.1 minimi imize ze di dist stor ortio tion n of th thee co comp mpact acted ed as asph phalt alt course(s), power equipment shall be used to secure the sample. The equipment may be either a core drill or power saw. 5.2 The cutting edge edge of the core drill bit shall be of hardened hardened steel or other suitable material with diamond chips embedded in the metal cutting edge. 5.3 5. 3 Sa Saw w bl blad ades es us used ed in a po powe werr sa saw w sh shal alll be ei eith ther er a hardened harden ed met metal al blad bladee wit with h dia diamon mond d chip chipss emb embedd edded ed or an abrasive blade such as carborundum or similar material. 5.4 A source source of coo cooling ling water, water, dry ice, liq liquid uid nitrogen nitrogen,, or other cooling material is normally required but in some cases may be omitted when only a single sample is to be secured. If at any time there is evidence of damage to the edge of the sample sam ple due to the generatio generation n of hea heatt cau caused sed by fri frictio ction, n, a cooling material shall be applied to the cutting tool or to the pavemen pav ementt sur surface face to min minimiz imizee sam sample ple dis distor tortion tion or oth other er damage. 5.5 A device (core debonder) debonder) for separa separating ting core samples from und from underl erlyin ying g lay layers ers is not required required to be use used. d. If such device is employed, it shall be a metal semicircle with an inside radius equal to the outside radius of the core and shall have a rigidl rig idly y atta attache ched d han handle dle.. A spl split it cor coree bar barrel rel of the req requir uired ed
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D5361/D5361M − 16 radius cut in half vertically and welded to a strap iron handle is suitable for this purpose. (See Fig. 1. 1.) NOTE 2—Dif 2—Differenc ferences es in manuf manufacture acturers’ rs’ tolera tolerances nces of core barrel barrels’ s’ diameters and thickn diameters thicknesses esses may result in a partic particular ular barrel not fittin fitting g into the kerf. In such cases, other means may have to be used for debonding.
shall be obtained in such a manner as to ensure a minimum distur dis turban bance ce of the mat materia erial. l. Sam Sample pless obt obtain ained ed usi using ng non non-random procedures must be used for informational purposes only onl y and not inc includ luded ed in sta statist tistical ically ly bas based ed qua quality lity con contro trol/ l/ quality assurance programs
5.6 A lifting lifting device (core lifter) for removing removing core samples from holes will preserve the integrity of the core. The device shall be a steel rod of suitable length and with a diameter that willl fit in wil into to th thee sp space ace betwee between n th thee co core re an and d th thee pa pave veme ment nt
6.2 The sampling sampling plan must include include a clear definition as to whether samples shall be taken adjacent to the pavement edge or construction joints where density may be slightly lower than in the main portion of the paving lane.
material. There shall be a 90° [1.57 rad] bend at the top to form a handle and a 90° [1.57 rad] bend at the bottom, approximately 50 mm [2 in.] long, to form the lifter.
NOTE 3—V 3—Variatio ariations ns in the pavement condition condition that can be detect detected ed by visual ins visual inspec pectio tion n may dictate dictate tha thatt sam sample pless be tak taken en fro from m are areas as so identified, apart from the random sampling plan. However, non-random samples violate the principles behind statistically based quality control/ quality assurance testing programs.
6. Samp Sampling ling 6.1 Select the locations locations to be sampled by a rando random m method from the material in place. Random sampling procedures as outlined in Practice D3665 shall be followed when samples obtain obt ained ed wil willl be use used d in con conduc ducting ting qua quality lity con contro trol/qu l/qualit ality y assurance tests. Obtain at least three samples (cores) selected at random ran dom from the lot bein being g sam sampled pled.. Test each sample sample and average the test results to determine the acceptability. Take all samples from the roadway for the full depth of the material, taking care to exclude any underlying material. Each sample
6.3 The 6.3 The nu numb mber er of sa samp mple less to be se secu cure red d wi will ll be in accordance with governing specifications or sampling plan for the lot size involved. When no specific guidelines are available, takee a suf tak suffficie icient nt num number ber of sam sample pless to ach achieve ieve the des desire ired d statistical confidence level, but no less than three. 7. Sampling Compacted Asphalt Pavement 7.1 Sam Sample pless tak taken en fro from m the com compac pacted ted pav pavemen ementt by cor coree drill shall have a minimum nominal diameter of 100 mm [4 in.] and extend the full depth of the lift(s) being sampled. If test results appear to be erratic or biased in a way attributable to sample size, take larger samples. In order to minimize damage, use a lifting device as described in 5.5 and and 5.6 5.6 to to remove the core from the hole. 7.1.1 7.1 .1 Whe When n cor cored ed samples samples are to be used for resilient resilient or dynamic modulus tests, the sample must form a right cylinder with the top and bottom perpendicular to the axis. The sample shall sh all co comp mply ly wi with th th thee re requ quir irem emen ents ts of th thee pa part rticu icular lar te test st method involved. 7.1.2 7.1 .2 To sep separat aratee the sam sample ple fro from m the und underl erlyin ying g lay layer er,, insert ins ert the dev device ice des descri cribed bed in 5.5 into the kerf and exert a gent ge ntle le pr pres essu sure re to towa ward rd th thee sa samp mple. le. Do no nott at attem tempt pt to pr pry y upward on the sample. If the bond is not broken between the pavement courses, it will be necessary to secure a sample for the entire pavement depth. 7.1.3 To remove the sample from the hole, insert insert the device described in 5.6 into the kerf, turn the device approximately 90°, and lift gently until the sample can be grasped by hand. 7.2 Sample Sampless taken from the compacted pavement pavement by sawing shall have a minimum surface area of 10 000 mm 2 [16 in.2] and be cut in such a manner as not to disturb the sample density. Cutting and removing a 50 mm [2 in.] wide section surrounding the sample will aid in removal of the portion(s) to be tested. Screwdrivers Screwd rivers,, chisels chisels,, and other sharp sharpened ened tools used to break the bon bond d betw between een a com compac pacted ted cou course rse and the und underly erlying ing pavement may cause distortion that will result in an erroneous density den sity determina determinatio tion. n. If test results results app appear ear to be err erratic atic or biased in a way attributable to sample size, take larger samples. 7.3 Tra Transpor nsportt sample sampless obtain obtained ed using proce procedures dures described described in 7.1 in 7.1 or or 7.2 7.2 on a smooth board, top side down, to retain the shape of the original surface. Careless handling may nullify any test results obtained.
FIG. 1 Core Debond Debonder er
NOTE 4—When the weather is very hot, an ice chest or similar device --````,,,``,```,`,```,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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D5361/D5361M − 16 may be considered for use while transporting the sample to the laboratory.
7.4 7. 4 Wh When en th thee on only ly pu purp rpos osee of sam sampl plin ing g is to mea measu sure re pavement thickness, samples of smaller dimensions than prescribed in 7.1 in 7.1 a and nd 7.2 7.2 are not prohibited from being used.
8.1.2 As an alternative, separation separation of two pavement courses courses shall be achieved by striking a swift heavy blow on a chisel at the point of bonding between the two courses. Separation by thiss pro thi proced cedure ure is mor moree ef effec fective tively ly ach achiev ieved ed if the samp sample le is cooled below freezin freezing. g.
8. Sepa Separati ration on of Pave Pavement ment Courses Courses 8.1 If mor moree tha than n one pav paveme ement nt cou course rse exi exists, sts, separation separation shall be by one of the methods listed: 8.1.1 Separa Separate te the pavement courses courses by cutting apart with a saw blade while spraying cooling water on the saw blade to minimize the generation of excessive heat. As an alternative, freeze the core and separate the courses with the saw blade while frozen. When using this method, it is recommended that the saw operator wear all necessary safety equipment (that is, safety glasses, gloves, etc.).
9. Repor Reportt 9.1 The test rep report ort(s) (s) shall include include a sta stateme tement nt as to the method employed for removal of the sample from the compacted pavement. 10. Keyw Keywords ords 10.1 aspha asphalt; lt; compac compacted; ted; coring asphalt pavement; equipmentt for sam men samplin pling g asp asphal haltt pav pavemen ement; t; pav paveme ement nt sam sampli pling; ng; sawing asphalt paveme pavement nt
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