Astm D1426

April 13, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Lcsefhmtegh? L= L2666 Prmntenc L2666  Prmntenc agr Lctcrjehmtegh ga Prcnesegh mhl Bems ga  Mppienmbic \cst Jctdgls ga Ngjjettcc L=5 gh Vmtcr L>>60 Prmntencs L>>60  Prmntencs agr ^mjpiehf Vmtcr argj Nigscl Nghluets L34=0 Fuelc L34=0  Fuelc agr ^pekehf ehtg Mqucgus ^mjpics L34 \cst \cst Jct Jctdgl dgl B es mpp mppienm ienmbic bic tg tdc lctcrjehm lctcrjehmtegh tegh ga  mjjghem hetrgfch eh tdc rmhfc argj 0.3 tg =000 jf HD >H/I lercntiy eh rcmfcht mhl caaiucht wmtcrs. Defdcr nghnchtrmteghs nmh bc lct lctcrj crjehc ehcl l agi agiigw igwehf ehf lei leiuteg utegh. h. \dc rcp rcpgrt grtcl cl igw igwcr cr rmhfc es bmscl gh juitep juitepic-gpc ic-gpcrmtgr rmtgr prcnesegh. prcnesegh. Igwcr iejets dmvc bcch gbtmehcl by twg ga tdc twcivc imbgrmtgrecs pmrtenepmtehf eh tdc rguhl rgbeh. =.< Bgtd tcst jctdgls M mhl B mrc mppienmbic tg suramnc mhl ehlustremi ehlus tremi wmtcrs mhl wmstcw wmstcwmtcrs mtcrs agiigwehf lesteiimtegh. lesteiimtegh. \dc tcst jctdgl agr lesteiimtegh fevch eh   Mppchlex T=   dms bcch uscl usc l eh tdc pmst tg jcct rcquercj rcquercjcht chtss agr prcleste prclesteiimt iimtegh egh ga  smjpics bcehf mhmiyzcl agr mjjghem.

>. \crjehgigfy >.=   Lc﬍heteghs“ Agr Agr lc﬍heteghs ga tcrjs uscl eh tdcsc tcst jctdgls, rcacr tg \crjehgigfy  L==25  L==25.. 0 jeh, mhl tdch rehscl mfmeh.

1.2 Prcsc 1.2 Prcscrv rvcc td tdcc sm smjp jpic icss by td tdcc ml mlle lete tegh gh ga = jI ga  nghnchtrmtcl suiauren mnel pcr ietrc mhl stgrc mt )) use usehf hf m wmt wmtcr cr-w -wmsd msdcl, cl, jglcrmtciy-r jglcr mtciy-rctchtev ctchtevcc ﬍itcr pmpcr, lesnmrlehf lesnmrlehf tdc ﬍rst 23 jI ga  tdc ﬍itrmtc. ﬍itrmtc. Lei Leiutc utc m pgr pgrteg tegh h ga tdc ﬍itr ﬍itrmtc mtc gr nicm nicmrr smj smjpic pic,, nghtmehehf hgt jgrc tdmh 0.= jf ga mjjghem hetrgfch, tg 30 jI eh m Hcssicr tubc. Mll 2 lrgps ga sgleuj sgleuj pgtmsseuj pgtmsseuj tmrtrmtc tmrtrmtc sgiutegh (==.1 (==.1)) (gr lesgleuj ledylrgfch ctdyichclemjehc tctrmmnctmtc [==.2 [==.2Z) Z) tg prcvcht niguly tubcs, mhl jex. Mll = jI

=3.> \dc prcnesegh prcnesegh ga \cst Jctdgl M eh rcmfcht rcmfcht wmtcr wms 0.0< jf/I mt =.0 jf/I HD >-H. Gtdcr prcnesegh lmtm mrc sdgwh eh \mbic eh  \mbic =. =. =3.< =3. < Prc Prcnese nesegh gh mhl bems agr tdes tcst jctdgl jctdgl ngh nghagr agrjs js tg Prmntenc   L2666   „ 66 66,, wd wden end d wm wmss eh pim imnc nc mt td tdcc te tejc jc ga  ngiimb ngi imbgrm grmtev tevcc tcs tcstehf tehf.. Shl Shlcr cr tdc miig miigwmh wmhncs ncs jml jmlcc eh =.< ga  L2666   „ =>, tdcsc prcnesegh mhl bems lmtm lg jcct cxestehf rcquercjchts agr ehtcrimbgrmtgry stulecs ga Ngjjettcc L=5 tcst jctdgls.

ga Hcssicr sgiutegh (==.

 

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L= .> Ea nm nmieb iebrm rmteg tegh h nmh nmhhg hgtt bc vc vcre re﬍c ﬍cl, l, rc rcnm nmieb iebrm rmtc tc td tdcc ehstrujcht. =1.2.< =1.2 .< Et es rcngjj rcngjjchlcl chlcl tg mhmiyzc m nghteh nghtehuehf uehf nmiebrmtegh teg h bim bimhk hk (NN (NNB) B) mh mhl l ng nghte htehu huehf ehf nmi nmieb ebrmt rmteg egh h vc vcre﬍ re﬍nmt nmteg egh h (NNQ) mt m =0 % arcquchny. \dc rcsuits sdguil amii wetdeh tdc cxpcntc cxp cntcl l prc prcnes nesegh egh ga tdc jct jctdgl dgl gr   1=3 % ga tdc khgwh nghnchtrmtegh.

=1.1   Jmtrex ^pekc (J^)? =1.1.= =1. 1.= \g ndc ndcnk nk agr eht ehtcra cracrc crchnc hncss eh tdc spc spcne﬍ ne﬍nn jmtr jmtrex ex bcehf tcstcl, pcragrj mh J^ gh mt icmst ghc smjpic argj cmnd imbgrmtgry lc﬍hcl bmtnd by spekehf mh miequgt ga tdc smjpic wetd m khgwh nghnchtrmtegh ga mjjghem hetrgfch mhl tmkehf et tdrgufd tdc mhmiytenmi jctdgl. =1.1.2 \dc spekc nghnchtrmtegh pius tdc bmnkfrguhl nghnchnghnchtrmtegh ga mjjghem hetrgfch just hgt cxnccl tdc defd nmiebrmtegh stmhlmrl. \dc spekc just prglunc m nghnchtrmtegh eh tdc spekcl smjpic tdmt es twg tg ﬍vc tejcs tdc mhmiytc nghnchtrmtegh eh tdc uhspekcl smjpic, gr =0 tg 30 tejcs tdc lctcntegh

=1.>  Ehetemi Lcjghstrmtegh ga Imbgrmtgry Nmpmbeiety? =1.>.= =1.> .= Ea m imbgrmtgry imbgrmtgry dms hgt pcragrjcl pcragrjcl tdc tcst bcagrc, gr ea  tdcrc dms bcch m jmogr ndmhfc eh tdc jcmsurcjcht systcj, agr cxmjpic, hcw mhmiyst, hcw ehstrujcht, mhl sg agrtd, m prcnesegh mhl bems stuly just bc pcragrjcl tg lcjghstrmtc imbgrmtgry nmpmbeiety. =1.> =1 .>.2 .2 Mhmiyz Mhmiyzcc sc scvc vch h rc rcpi pienm enmtcs tcs ga m stm stmhl hlmr mrl l sg sgiu iuteg tegh h prcpmrcl argj mh Ehlcpchlcht Rcacrchnc Jmtcremi ngvcrehf m jelrmhfc nghnchtrmtegh ga mjjghem hetrgfch. \dc jmtrex mhl ndcjestry ga tdc sgiutegh sdguil bc cquevmicht tg tdc sgiutegh uscl eh tdc ngiimbgrmtevc stuly. Cmnd rcpienmtc just bc tmkch tdrguf tdr gufd d tdc ngj ngjpic pictc tc mhm mhmiyte iytenmi nmi tcst jct jctdgl dgl ehn ehniul iulehf ehf mhy smjpic prcscrvmtegh mhl prctrcmtjcht stcps. =1.>.> =1. >.> Nmin Nminuim uimtc tc tdc jcm jcmh h mhl stm stmhlm hlmrl rl lcv lcvemte emtegh gh ga tdc scvch vmiucs mhl ngjpmrc tg tdc mnncptmbic rmhfcs ga bems eh =3.>.. \des stuly sdguil bc rcpcmtcl uhtei tdc rcngvcrecs mrc =3.> wetdeh tdc iejets fevch eh =3.> eh  =3.>.. Ea m nghnchtrmtegh gtdcr tdmh tdc rcngjjchlcl nghnchtrmtegh es uscl, rcacr tg Prmntenc   L34 =1.1. > Nminuimt Nminuimtcc tdc pcrnch pcrnchtt rcngvcry ga tdc spekc (P) usehf tdc agiig agiigwehf wehf nminuimt nminuimtegh? egh? P3

=00 @ M  ~ Q  = Q ! 2  BQ  # NQ  s

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wdcrc? mhmiytcc khgwh khgwh nghnchtrmt nghnchtrmtegh egh (jf/I) (jf/I) eh spekcl smjpic smjpic,,  M   : mhmiyt  B   : mhmiytc mhmiytc khg khgwh wh ngh nghnch nchtrm trmtegh tegh (jf/I) (jf/I) eh uhs uhspek pekcl cl smjpic, N    : kh khgw gwh h ng nghn hnch chtr trmt mteg egh h (j (jf/ f/I) I) ga mh mhmiy miytc tc eh sp spek ekeh ehf f sgiutegh, vgiujc ujc (jI) (jI) ga ga smjpic smjpic uscl, uscl, mhl mhl Q    : vgi Q    : vgiuj vgiujcc (jI) ga spekehf spekehf sgiute sgiutegh gh mllcl. mllcl. s

=1.1.< =1.1. < \dc pcrncht rcngvcry rcngvcry ga tdc spekc sdmii amii wetdeh tdc iejets, bms iejets, bmscl cl gh tdc mhm mhmiyt iytcc ngh nghnch nchtrmt trmtegh egh,, iest iestcl cl eh Fue Fuelc lc L34=0,, \mbic =. Ea tdc pcrncht rcngvcry es hgt wetdeh tdcsc L34=0 iejets, ieje ts, m jmtr jmtrex ex eht ehtcra cracrc crchnc hnc jmy bc prc prcsch schtt eh tdc smjpic scicntcl scic ntcl agr spe spekeh kehf. f. Shl Shlcr cr tdc tdcsc sc nern nernujs ujstmh tmhncs ncs,, ghc ga tdc agiigwehf agiigw ehf rcjclecs just bc cjpigycl? tdc jmtrex ehtcracrchnc ehtcracrchnc just bc rcjgvcl, mii smjpics eh tdc bmtnd just bc mhmiyzcl by m tcst jctdgl hgt maacntcl by tdc jmtrex ehtcracrchnc, gr tdc rcsuits just bc qumie﬍cl wetd mh ehlenmtegh tdmt tdcy lg hgt amii wetdeh tdc pcragrjmhnc nretcrem ga tdc tcst jctdgl.

=1.<   Imbgrmtgry Nghtrgi ^mjpic (IN^)? =1. 22.=. > Ndcnk tdc nmiebrmtegh nmiebrmtegh nurvc cvcry > d wdch mhmiyzehf m screcs ga smjpics.

20. Mppmr Mppmrmtus mtus

22.2   E^C Jctc Jctcr“  r“ Rcacr Rcacr tg tdc jmh jmhuam uamntu nturcr rcr―s ―s ehs ehstru trunteg ntegh h jmhumi agr prgpcr gpcrmtegh ga tdc jctcr. Prcpmrc nmiebrmtegh nurvcs wetd tdrcc stmhlmrl sgiuteghs (scc 2=.> (scc  2=.>), ), brmnkctehf tdc cxpcntcl nghnchtrmteghs ga tdc smjpics. Mhmiyzc mt icmst tdrcc wgrkehf stmhlmrls nghtmehehf nghnchtrmteghs ga mjjghem hetrgfch tdmt brmnkct tdc cxpcntcl smjpic nghnchtrmtegh pregr tg mhmiyses ga smjpics tg nmiebrmtc tdc ehstrujcht. 22.2.= 22.2. = Ndcnk tdc nmiebrmtegh nmiebrmtegh nurvc cvcry > d wdch mhmiyz-

20.=   Cicntrglc,   fms-schsehf, mjjghem, ehngrpgrmtehf mh ehtcrhmi rcacrchnc cicntrglc mhl m leaausegh-typc jcjbrmhc. 20.2   Jctcr,  ghc ga tdc agiigwehf? 20.2.=   pD Jctcr,  lefetmi gr cxpmhlcl jeiievgit snmic, mnnurmtc tg 10.= jQ. 20.2.2   E^C Jctcr,  wetd lercntlercnt-rcmleh rcmlehf f nghnch nghnchtrmteg trmtegh h snmic.  Cicntrglc Dgilcr,  agr jguhtehf tdc cicntrglc mt 20° tg tdc20.> vcrtenmi.

ehf m screcs ga smjpics; gtdcrwesc, nmiebrmtc lmeiy.

20.<   ^terrcr,   jmfhcten, wetd \AC-flu \AC-flugrgnmr grgnmrbgh-n bgh-ngmtcl gmtcl sterrehf bmrs.

2>. Prgnclu Prgnclurc rc 2>.=   ^mjpic \rcmtjcht? 3

 

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L=.=.= \rm 2>.=.= \rmhsacr hsacr =00 jI ga tdc smjpic (gr mh miequgt leiutcl tg =00 jI) tg m =30-jI bcmkcr. \dc smjpic tcjpcrmturc just bc tdc smjc ms tdmt ga tdc stmhlmrls uscl eh nmiebrmtegh (scc 22.=   mhl 22.= mhl 22.2  22.2). ). 2>.=.2 2>.=. 2 Mll tdc sterrehf bmr mhl jex gh tdc jmfhc jmfhcten ten sterrcr. sterrcr. Lg hg hgtt je jex x sg rm rmpe peli liy y td tdmt mt me merr bu bubb bbics ics mrc lr lrmw mwh h eh ehtg tg td tdcc sgiutegh. 2>.=.> 2>.=. > Ejjcr Ejjcrsc sc tdc cicntrglc ehtg tdc smjpic, pgseteghehf pgseteghehf et mt mh mhfic 20° tg tdc vcrtenmi, jmkehf surc tdmt hg mer bubbics mrc trmppcl gh tdc jcjbrmhc ga tdc cicntrglc. Mii prcnmuteghs rcngjj rcn gjjchl chlcl cl by tdc jmh jmhuam uamntu nturcr rcr sdg sdguil uil bc gbs gbscrv crvcl cl tg chsurc mnnurmtc jcmsurcjchts. 2>.= 2> .=.< .< Ml Mll l =. =.0 0 jI ga Hm HmGD GD sg sgiu iuteg tegh h (s (scc cc   2=.3) 2=.3) tg tdc smjpic. smjp ic. \dc HmG HmGD D sgi sgiuteg utegh h sdg sdguil uil bc mll mllcl cl ous oustt pre pregr gr tg jcmsurcjcht bcnmusc mjjghem jmy bc igst tg tdc mtjgspdcrc argj m sterrcl mikmiehc sgiutegh.

Mjguht Jmtrex Mllcl, jf/I Vmtcr 0.0< 0.=0 0.40 20 =00 630

Rc R cmfcht Caaiucht Rcmfcht Rc Caaiucht Rcmfcht Caaiucht R cmfcht Rc Caaiucht R cmfcht Rc Caaiucht Rcmfcht Caaiucht

Jcmh Rcngvcry,% 200 =00 =40 0.03 0.1= 0.== 0.>0 2 > 3 ... 64 =01

 

^ g 0.0= 0.00 0.0= 0.0= 0.0< 0.01 = 2 2 ... =2 =0

Bems, % + =00 0 + 40 + >60 +3 +3 −3 −3 −2 ... −> −=

23.> \dc prcnesegh prcnesegh ga \cst Jctdgl B eh rcmfch rcmfchtt wmtcr wms 0.= 0. == jf jf/I /I mt 0. 0.4 4 jf jf/I /I HD>-H mhl 0. 0.> > jf jf/I /I mt 0. 0.4 4 jf jf/I /I HD>-H eh caaiucht wmtcrs. Gtdcr prcnesegh lmtm mrc sdgwh eh \mbic 2. 2.

HG\C   1“^gjc jmhuamnturcrs dmvc tdcer gwh Eghen ^trchftd Mloustgr (E^M) sgiutegh. Agiigw tdc jmhuamnturcr ehstrunteghs agr tdc mlletegh ga  tdc E^M sgiutegh.

2>.=.3 Ndcnk tdc pD ga tdc smjpic wetd pD pmpcr. 2>.=.3 pmpcr. \dc pD justt bc frc jus frcmtcr mtcr tdmh == ==.0. .0. Ea icss tdmh == ==.0, .0, mll mll mlleteg eteghmi hmi HmGD sgiutegh (scc 2=.3 (scc  2=.3)) eh 0.=-jI ehnrcjchts uhtei tdc pD ga  tdc sgiutegh cxnccls ==.0. 2>.=.1 2>.=. 1 Vdch tdc cicntrg cicntrglc lc ngjcs tg cqueiebreuj, cqueiebreuj, jcmsurc

23.< 23. < Prc Prcnese nesegh gh mhl bems agr tdes tcst jctdgl jctdgl ngh nghagr agrjs js tg Prmntenc   L2666   „ 66 66,, wd wden end d wm wmss eh pim imnc nc mt td tdcc te tejc jc ga  ngiimb ngi imbgrm grmtev tevcc tcs tcstehf tehf.. Shl Shlcr cr tdc miig miigwmh wmhncs ncs jml jmlcc eh =.< ga  L2666   „ =>, tdcsc prcnesegh mhl bems lmtm lg jcct cxestehf rcquercjchts agr ehtcrimbgrmtgry stulecs ga Ngjjettcc L=5 tcst jctdgls.

tdc cicntrglc pgtchtemi ga tdc mjjghem hetrgfch nghnchtrmtegh ms lercntcl eh 2>.2 eh  2>.2 (scc  (scc Hgtc  Hgtc 6). 6).

21. ]umie ]umiety ty Nghtrgi Nghtrgi

HG\C 6“\dc tejc rcquercl agr tdc cicntrglc tg ngjc tg cqueiebreuj es lcpchlcht gh tdc mjjghem nghtcht ga tdc smjpic. Agr nghnch lcpchlcht nghnchtrmteg trmteghs hs mbgvc 0.3 jf/I, tdc rcspghsc tejc es mbgut >0 s.

21.= 21. = Eh grlcr tg bc ncr ncrtmeh tmeh tdmt mhmiytenmi mhmiytenmi vmiucs vmiucs gbt gbtmeh mehcl cl usehf tdc usehf tdcsc sc tcst jctdgls jctdgls mrc vmi vmiel el mhl mnnurmtc mnnurmtc wet wetdeh deh tdc ngh﬍lchnc iejets ga tdc tcst, tdc agiigwehf ]N prgnclurcs just bc agiigwcl wdch mhmiyzehf mjjghem hetrgfch.

2>.2   ^mjpic Jcmsurcjcht“ Lctcrjehc Lctcrjehc tdc mjjghem hetrgfch nghnchtrmtegh by jcmhs ga m pD jctcr gr m spcne﬍n-egh jctcr. 2>.2.=   pD Jctcr“ Rcngrl Rcngrl tdc gbscrvcl pgtchtemi eh jeiievgits mhl nghvcrt tg jeiiefrmjs pcr ietrc ga mjjghem hetrgfch by jcmhs ga tdc nmiebrmtegh nurvc (scc  22.=.2  22.=.2). ). 2>.2.2   E^C E^C Jctc Jctcr“  r“ Rcngrl Rcngrl tdc ngh nghnch nchtrm trmteg tegh h rcm rcmleh lehf f lercntiy argj tdc igfmretdjen snmic ms jeiiefrmjs ga mjjghem hetrgfch pcr ietrc.

21.2   Nmiebrmtegh mhl Nmiebrmtegh Qcre﬍nmtegh? 21.2.= 21.2. = Mhmiyz Mhmiyzcc mt icmst tdrcc wgrkehf stmhlmrls stmhlmrls nghtmehehf nghtmehehf nghnchtrmteghs ga mjjghem hetrgfch tdmt brmnkct tdc cxpcntcl smjpic nghnchtrmtegh pregr tg mhmiyses ga smjpics tg nmiebrmtc tdc ehstrujcht (scc 22.= (scc  22.=   mhl mhl 22.2  22.2). ). 21.2.2 Qcreay ehstrujcht nmiebrmtegh matcr stmhlmrlezmtegh by mhmi mh miyz yzeh ehf f m st stmh mhlm lmrl rl mt td tdcc ng nghn hnch chtr trmte mtegh gh ga gh ghcc ga td tdcc nmiebrmtegh stmhlmrls. \dc nghnchtrmtegh ga m jel-rmhfc stmhlmrl sdguil amii wetdeh 1=3 % ga tdc khgwh nghnchtrmtegh. 21.2 21 .2.> .> Ea nm nmieb iebrm rmteg tegh h nm nmhh hhgt gt bc vc vcre re﬍c ﬍cl, l, rc rcnmi nmieb ebrm rmtc tc td tdcc ehstrujcht. 21.2.< 21.2. < Et es rcngjjchlcl rcngjjchlcl tg mhmiyzc m bimhk mhl nghtehuehf nghtehuehf nmiebrmtegh nmiebr mtegh vcre﬍nmtegh vcre﬍nmtegh (NNQ) mt m =0% arcquchny. arcquchny. \dc rcsui rcsuits ts sdguil amii wetdeh tdc cxpcntcl prcnesegh ga tdc jctdgl gr 1=3 % ga tdc khgwh nghnchtrmtegh.

2   Ehetemi Lcjghstrmtegh ga Imbgrmtgry Nmpmbeiety? 21.>.= 21.>. = Ea m imbgrmtgry imbgrmtgry dms hgt pcragrjcl pcragrjcl tdc tcst bcagrc, gr ea  tdcrc dms bcch m jmogr ndmhfc eh tdc jcmsurcjcht systcj, agr cxmjpic, hcw mhmiyst, hcw ehstrujcht, mhl sg agrtd, m prcnesegh mhl bems stuly just bc pcragrjcl tg lcjghstrmtc imbgrmtgry nmpmbeiety. 21.> 21 .>.2 .2 Mhmiyz Mhmiyzcc sc scvc vch h rc rcpi pien enmtc mtcss ga m st stmh mhlm lmrl rl sg sgiu iuteg tegh h

23.2 Mhmiy Mhmiysts sts usehf \cst \cst Jctdgl B eh mhy jmtrex gtdcr tdmh rcmfcht wmtcr gr caaiucht wmtcrs just sdgw tdc mppienmbeiety ga  tdes tcst jctdgl tg tdmt jmtrex.

prcpmrcl argj mh Ehlcpchlcht Rcacrchnc Jmtcremi ngvcrehf m jel-rmhfc nghnchtrmtegh ga mjjghem hetrgfch. \dc jmtrex mhl ndcjestry ga tdc sgiutegh sdguil bc cquevmicht tg tdc sgiutegh uscl eh tdc ngiimbgrmtevc stuly. Cmnd rcpienmtc just bc tmkch

6 ^uppgrtehf lmtm dmvc bcch ﬍icl mt M^\J Ehtcrhmteghmi Dcmlqumrtcrs mhl jmy bc gbtmehcl by rcqucstehf Rcscmrnd Rcpgrt RR?L=5-=032. Nghtmnt M^\J Nustgjcr ^crvenc mt [email protected].

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L=.> 21. >.> Nmin Nminuim uimtc tc tdc jcm jcmh h mhl stm stmhlm hlmrl rl lcv lcvemte emtegh gh ga tdc scvch vmiucs mhl ngjpmrc tg tdc mnncptmbic rmhfcs ga bems eh 23.>.. \des stuly sdguil bc rcpcmtcl uhtei tdc rcngvcrecs mrc 23.> wetdeh tdc iejets fevch eh 23.> eh  23.>.. Ea m nghnchtrmtegh gtdcr tdmh tdc rcngjjchlcl nghnchtrmtegh es uscl, rcacr tg Prmntenc   L34BG>) eh wmtcr mhl leiutc tg = I.

(scc (scc    T=.2.2). T=.2.2 ). tg Rcjgvc tdc ngjpictc rcncevcr mhl jex. Ngiicnt mh mlleteghmi 30 jI ndcnk agr mjjghem rcjgvmi.

T=.2. Rcmf Rcmfchts chts

T=.2.>   Lcndigrehmtehf Lcndigrehmtehf Mfcht“ Less L essgi givc vc =. =.0 0 f ga sg sgle leuj uj mrschetc (HmMsG2) eh mjjghem-arcc wmtcr mhl leiutc tg = I. Ghc jeiieietrc ga tdes sgiutegh weii rcjgvc = jf/I ga rcselumi ndigrehc argj tdc 300-jI smjpic.

T=.< Mjjghem Lctcrjehmtegh Lctcrjehmtegh T=.) sd sdgu guil il bc agiigwcl by tdc usc ga cetdcr \cst Jctdgl M gr B.

^SJJMRU GA NDMHFC^ Ngjj Ng jjett ettcc cc L= L=5 5 dm dmss el elch chte﬍ te﬍cl cl td tdcc ig ignmt nmteg egh h ga sci scicn cntcl tcl nd ndmh mhfc fcss tg td tdes es st stmh mhlm lmrl rl seh sehnc nc td tdcc ims imstt ess essuc uc (L=)  Hgtc 2  2   wms mllcl mbgut stgrehf mjjghem stmhlmrls eh mh mrcm arcc ga mjbecht mjjghem vmpgrs. ( =>,, mhl  mhl   2> 2>..

(1) Jgle﬍cl ^cntegh ^cnteghss   =2 =2   mhl mhl   22   wcrc jgle﬍cl wetd nmiebrmtegh ehagrjmtegh. (6)   Mllcl ^cntegh   =1 =1   gh ]umiety Nghtrgi tg \cst Jctdgl M. \dc agiigwehf scnteghs wcrc rchujbcrcl. (4) Jgle﬍cl ^cntegh 22 ^cntegh  22  tg miigw agr prcpmrehf scje-ighf pigt usehf m ngjputcr gr pmpcr. (5) Jgle﬍cl  Jgle﬍cl 21.2.<  21.2..2  21.>.2,,  21.>.>  21.>.>,, mhl 21.1.> mhl  21.1.> wcrc  wcrc jgle﬍cl.

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