This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1418 − 17
Standard Practice for
Rubber and Rubber Latices—Nomenclature1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original origin al adoption or, in the case of revis revision, ion, the year of last revision. revision. A number in paren parenthese thesess indicates the year of last reappr reapproval. oval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The system of designating rubbers and rubber latices in this practice was developed in 1955 to replacee desig replac designation nationss GR-A, GR-I, GR-M, GR-S and GR-T (stan (standing ding for “Gove “Governmen rnmentt Rubbe Rubber”: r”: A-acrylontr A-acr ylontrile, ile, I-isob I-isobutylen utylene, e, S-styr S-styrene, ene, M-mon M-monochlor ochlorobutad obutadiene iene and T-thio -thiosulfide sulfide), ), used for syntheti th eticc ru rubb bber erss ma made de in go gove vern rnme ment nt ow owne ned d pl plan ants ts.. Th Thee sy syst stem em wa wass de desi sign gned ed to be a ge gene neri ricc classification of the rubber polymers that would accommodate both existing and future rubbers. The chemicall compo chemica composition sition of the polyme polymerr chain was selected as the best classifi classification cation proposal proposal to achiev achievee this goal. The rubber polymers were divided into eight classes as described in Section 3 of this practice. The letter symbol for the class was given last in the designation for the rubber. Preceding the class symbol were letter symbols to designate either the monomers used to prepare the polymer or the substituent groups on the polymer chain. The system has been successful both in accommodating the many new polymers developed since 1955 and in conveying to the user certain characteristics of the rubber associated with the chemical composition. 1. Sco Scope pe
Terminology and Abbreviations
1.1 This practice practice covers a system of general classification classification for the basic rubbers both in dry and latex forms determined from the chemical composition of the polymer chain.
3. Rubbe Rubbers rs 3.1 Rub Rubber berss in both dry and latex form shall be clas classifi sified ed and coded from the chemical composition of the polymer chain in the following manner: M—Rubbers M—Rub bers having a satura saturated ted chain of the polym polymethylen ethylenee type. N—Rubbers having nitrogen, but not oxygen or phosphorus, in the polymer chain. O—Rubbers having oxygen in the polymer chain. R—Rub R—R ubbe bers rs ha havi ving ng an un unsa satur turate ated d car carbo bon n ch chain ain,, fo forr
1.2 The purpose purpose of this practice is to prov provide ide a standardizastandardization of terms for use in industry, commerce, and government and an d is no nott in inten tende ded d to conflic conflictt wi with th bu butt ra rath ther er to act as a supplement to existing trade names and trademarks. 1.3 In tech technic nical al pap papers ers or pre presen sentati tations ons the nam namee of the polymer should be used if possible. The symbols can follow the chemical name for use in later references. NOTE 1—For terms related to thermoplastic elastomers, see Practice D5538. D5538.
example, natural rubber and synthetic rubbers derived at least partly from diolefins. Q—Rubb Q—R ubbers ers hav having ing sili silicon con and oxy oxygen gen in the pol polyme ymerr chain. T—Rubbers having sulfur in the polymer chain. U—Rubb U—R ubbers ers hav having ing carb carbon, on, oxy oxygen gen,, and nit nitrog rogen en in the polymer chain. Z—Rubbers having phosphorus and nitrogen in the polymer chain.
2. Referenc Referenced ed Documents Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:2 D5538 P rac D5538 racti tice ce f or or
Ther Th ermo mop p las lasti ticc
Elas El asto tome merr s— s—
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 Committee D11 on on Rubber and Rubber-like Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Subcommittee D11.08 on D11.08 on Terminology. Current Curre nt editio edition n approv approved ed Jan. 1, 2017. Published Published Janua January ry 2017. Originally Originally approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D1418 – 10a (2016). DOI: 10.1520/D1418-17. 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at
[email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4. Class Designati Designations ons 4.1 The “M” class includes includes rubbers having having a saturated chain of the polymethylene type. The following classification shall be used: ACM—Copolymers of ethyl or other acrylate and a small
the ASTM website.
amount of monomer which facilitates vulcanization.
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D1418 − 17
AEM—Copolymers of ethyl or other acrylates and ethylene. ANM—Copoly ANM—C opolymers mers of ethyl or other acrylate and acrylo acryloninitrile. BIMSM—Brominated polymers derived from a copolymer of isobu isobutylene tylene and p-meth p-methylstyr ylstyrene. ene. CM—Chloro-polyethylene. CFM—Polychloro-trifluoro-ethylene. CSM—Chloro-sulfonyl-polyethylene. EOM—Copolymers of ethylene and an octene.
emulsion polymerization. The following classification shall be used for rubbers of the “R” class: ABR—Acrylate-butadiene. BIIR—Bromo-isobutene-isoprene. BR—Butadiene. CIIR—Chloro-isobutene-isoprene. CR—Chloroprene. ENR—Epoxidized natural rubber. ENR-G—Epoxidized guayule natural rubber.
EPDM—T EPDM— Terpol erpolymer ymer of ethyle ethylene, ne, prop propylene, ylene, and a diene with the residual unsaturated portion of the diene in the side chain. EPM—Copolym EPM—Co polymers ers of ethyle ethylene ne and prop propylene. ylene. EVM—Copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate. FEPM—A FEP M—A fluoro fluoro rub rubber ber of the pol polyme ymethy thylen lenee typ typee onl only y containing one or more of the monomeric alkyl, perfluoroalkyl, and/or and /or per perfluo fluoroa roalko lkoxy xy gro groups ups,, wit with h or with without out a cur curee site monomer (having a reactive pendant group). FFKM—Perflu FFKM— Perfluorina orinated ted rubb rubbers ers of the polym polymethylen ethylenee type having all fluoro, perfluoroalkyl, or perfluoroalkoxy substituent groups on the polymer chain; a small fraction of these groups may contain functionality to facilitate vulcanization. FKM—Fluoro rubber of the polymethylene type that utilizes vinylidene fluoride as a comonomer and has substituent fluoro, alkyl, perfluoroalkyl or perfluoroalkoxy groups on the polymer chain, with or without a cure site monomer (having a reactive pendant group). Type 1—Dipolymer of hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride. Type 2—T 2—Terpo erpolymer lymer of tetrafl tetrafluoro uoroethyle ethylene, ne, viny vinylidene lidene fluoride, and hexafluoropropylene. Type 3—T 3—Terpol erpolymer ymer of tetraflu tetrafluoroeth oroethylene, ylene, a fluori fluorinated nated vinyl ether, and vinylidene fluoride. Type 4—Terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, propylene and vinylidene fluoride. Ty pe pe 5 —P —P en en tap tapo o ly ly mer mer of tetr te trafl aflu u or or oet oeth h yle ylen n e, e, hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride, ethylene, and a fluorinated vinyl ether. Type 6—C 6—Copo opolym lymer er of vin vinyli yliden denee fluo fluorid ridee and 2,3 2,3,3, ,3,33tetrafluoropropene. IM—Polyisobutylene (not curable).
HNBR—Hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene. IIR—Isobutene-isoprene. IR—Isoprene, synthetic. NBR—Acrylonitrile-butadiene. NIR—Acrylonitrile-isoprene. NR—Natural rubber. NR-G—Guayule natural rubber. PBR—Vinylpyridine-butadiene. PSBR—Vinylpyridine-styrene-butadiene. SBR—Styrene-butadiene. SIR—Styrene-isoprene rubbers. 4.3.1 Rubbe Rubbers rs of the “R” class having substitute substitute carboxylic carboxylic acid (COOH) groups on the polymer chain shall be identified by the prefix “X”: XBR—Carboxylic-butadiene rubber. XSBR—Carboxylic-styrene-butadiene. XNBR—Carboxylic-acrylonitrile-butadiene. NOTE 2—When designating latex or latices the terminology shall be, for example, “SBR latex” or “SBR latices.”
4.4 The “Q” class shall be defined defined by inserting the name name of the substituent group on the polymer chain prior to the silicone design des ignatio ation. n. The fol follow lowing ing clas classifi sificati cation on sha shall ll be use used d for members of the “Q” class. (The M preceding the Q indicates that methyl is one of the substituent groups on the polymer chain.) FMQ—Sil FMQ —Silico icone ne rub rubber ber hav having ing bot both h meth methyl yl and fluo fluorin rinee substituent groups on the polymer chain. FVMQ—Silicon FVMQ— Siliconee rubb rubber er havin having g fluor fluorine, ine, vinyl vinyl,, and methyl substitute groups on the polymer chain. PMQ—Sil PMQ —Silico icone ne rub rubber berss hav having ing bot both h meth methyl yl and phe phenyl nyl substituent groups on the polymer chain. PVMQ—Silicon PVMQ— Siliconee rubb rubbers ers havin having g methy methyl, l, pheny phenyl, l, and vinyl substituent groups on the polymer chain. MQ—Sil MQ— Silico icone ne rub rubber berss hav having ing on only ly met methyl hyl sub substi stitue tuent nt groups on the polymer chain, such as dimethyl polysiloxane. VMQ—Silicone rubber having both methyl and vinyl substituent groups on the polymer chain.
4.2 The “O” clas classs inc includ ludes es rub rubber berss hav having ing oxygen oxygen in the polymer chain. The following classification shall be used: CO—Polychloromethyl oxirane (epichlorohydrin polymer). ECO—Ethylene oxide (oxirane) and chloromethyl oxirane (epichlorohydrin copolymer). GECO—Epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide-allylglycidylether terpolymer. GPO—Polypropylene oxide and allyl glycidyl ether.
4.5 The “U” class includes rubbers rubbers having carbon, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen in the polymer chain. The following classification shall be used: A F MU MU —Ter p o l ym ym er er of t et et ra rafl uo uo r o e th th y l en en e , trifluoronitrosomethane, and nitrosoperfluorobutyric acid. AU—Polyester urethane.
4.3 The “R” class shall be defined by inserting inserting the name of the mon monome omerr or mon monome omers rs bef before ore the wor word d “ru “rubbe bber” r” fro from m which it was prepared (except for natural rubber). The letter immediately preceding the letter R shall signify the diolefin from fr om wh which ich th thee ru rubb bber er wa wass pr prep epar ared ed (e (exc xcep eptt fo forr na natu tura rall rubber rub ber). ). Any lett letter er or lett letters ers pre preced ceding ing thi thiss dio diolefin lefin lett letter er signifies the comonomer or comonomers. A parenthetical letter (S), (S ), fo forr so solu luti tion on,, or (E (E), ), fo forr em emul ulsio sion, n, is us used ed to in indi dicat catee whet wh ethe herr th thee ru rubb bber er or la latex tex wa wass pr prep epar ared ed by so solu lutio tion n or
EU—Polyether urethane. 4.6 The “T” class includ includes es rubbers having having carbon, oxygen, oxygen, and sulfur in the polymer chain. The following classification shall be used for members of the “T” class: 2
D1418 − 17
OT—A A rubber rubber hav having ing either a -CH2-CH2-O-CH2-O-CH2OT— CH2 group or occasionally an -R-group, where R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon between the polysulfide linkages in the polymer chain. EOT—A EO T—A rubber rubber ha havi ving ng a -C -CH H2-CH2-O-CH2-O-CH2-CH2 group and R groups that are usually -CH 2-CH2 but occasionally other aliphatic groups between the polysulfide linkages in the polymer chain.
4.8 Mix Mixtur tures es of rub rubber berss are identified identified by usi using ng the class design des ignatio ations ns for the typ types es of rub rubber berss in the mixture. mixture. If the compos com positio ition n is kno known, wn, the majo majorr com compon ponent ent sha shall ll be list listed ed first, for example, a blend of NR/BR in a 60:40 ratio shall be designated as NR/BR (60:40) or NR/BR (1.5:1) with the ratio being expre expressed ssed paren parenthetica thetically lly follow following ing the design designation. ation. 4.8.1 If the components components are present in equal amounts they shall be designated in alphabetical order; for example, BR/NR is used for the 1:1 ratio and expressed as BR/NR (1:1).
4.7 The “Z” class includ includes es rubbers having having phosphorus phosphorus and nitrogen nitroge n in the pol polyme ymerr cha chain. in. The fol follow lowing ing clas classifi sificati cation on shall be used: FZ—A rubber having a -P|CxN- chain and having fluoroalkoxy groups attached to the phosphorus atoms in the chain. PZ—A rubber having a -P|CxN- chain and having aryloxy (pheno (ph enoxy xy and sub substit stituted uted phe phenox noxy) y) gro groups ups atta attache ched d to the phosphorus atoms in the chain.
4.8.2 4.8 .2 If be thedesignated propor pro portio tions ns the com compon ponents ents and are expressed unknow unk nown, n, they shall in of alphabetical order using hyphenation, for example, as BR-NR. 5. Keywo Keywords rds 5.1 acron acronyms yms for latices; acronyms acronyms for rubbe rubber; r; nomenclature
APPENDIX X1. HISTORICAL NOMENCLA NOMENCLATURE TURE
X1.1 The fol X1.1 follow lowing ing terms hav havee bee been n rem remove oved d fro from m the main body of this standard because they are obsolete and no longer commercially available. This appendix will serve as a historical reference.
NCR—Acrylonitrile-chloroprene SCR—Styrene-chloroprene
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