February 1, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
Designati on: D 543 – 06 Designation:
Standard Practices for
Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript supers cript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
D 396 Specification for Fuel Oils D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics D 1040 Specification for Uninhibited Uninhibited Mineral Insulating Oil for Use in Transformers and in Oil Circuit Breakers 3 D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics 3 D 5947 Test Test Met Method hodss for Phy Physic sical al Dim Dimens ension ionss of Sol Solid id Plastics Specimens 2.2 Military Specifications:4 MIL-A-11755 Antifreeze, Arctic-Type MIL-A-46153 Antif Antifreez reeze, e, Ethy Ethylene lene Glyc Glycol, ol, Inhi Inhibite bited, d,
1. Scope Scope* * 1.1 Th 1.1 Thes esee pr prac acti tice cess co cove verr th thee ev eval alua uati tion on of al alll pl plas asti ticc materials including cast, hot-molded, cold-molded, laminated resinous products, and sheet materials for resistance to chemical reagents. These practices include provisions for reporting changes in weight, dimensions, appearance, and strength properties. Standard reagents are specified to establish results on a comparable basis. Provisions are made for various exposure times, stress conditions, and exposure to reagents at elevated temper tem peratu atures res.. The typ typee of con condit dition ioning ing (im (immer mersio sion n or wet patch) depends upon the end-use of the material. If used as a container or transfer line, specimens should be immersed. If the material will only see short exposures or will be used in close proximity and reagent may splash or spill on the material, the wet patch method of applying reagent should be used. 1.2 The effect effect of chemical reagents reagents on other properties properties shall be deter determine mined d by maki making ng meas measurem urements ents on stand standard ard specimens for such tests before and after immersion or stress, or both, if so tested. 1.3 1. 3 Th Thee va valu lues es st stat ated ed in SI un unit itss ar aree to be re rega gard rded ed as standard. The values given in brackets are for information only. 1.4 This standar standard d doe doess not purport purport to add addre ress ss all of the safe sa fety ty co conc ncer erns ns,, if an anyy, as asso soci ciat ated ed wit with h its us use. e. It is th thee responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro priate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards ` , , ` ` ` , , , , ` ` ` ` ` ` ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` -
Heavy Duty, Single Package MIL-C-372 Cle Cleani aning ng Com Compou pound, nd, Sol Solven ventt (Fo (Forr Bor Boree of Small Arms and Automatic Aircraft Weapons) MIL-D-12468 Decontaminating Agent, STB MIL-D-50030 Decontaminating Agent, DS2 MIL-F-46162 Fuel, Diesel, Referee Grade MIL-G-5572 Gasoline, Gasoline, Aviation, Aviation, Grade Gradess 80/8 80/87, 7, 100/1 100/130, 30, 115/145 MIL-H-5606 Hydra Hydraulic ulic Fluid Fluid,, Petro Petroleum leum Base, Airc Aircraft raft,, Missiles, and Ordinance MIL-H-6083 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base, for Preservation and Operation MIL-H-83283 Hydrau Hydraulic lic Flui Fluid, d, Fire Resi Resistant stant,, Synth Synthetic etic Hydrocarbon Base, Aircraft MIL-L-7808 Lubricating Oil, Aircraft Turbine Turbine Engine, Syn-
statements are given in Section 7.
thetic Base, Lubricating NATO CodeOil, Number 0–148 MIL-L-14107 Weapons, Low Temperature MIL-L-23699 Lubricat Lubricating ing Oil, Aircr Aircraft aft Tur Turbine bine Engin Engines, es, Synthetic Base MIL-L-46000 Lubricant, Semi-Fluid (Automatic Weapons) MIL-T-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Grades JP-4 and JP-5 MIL-T-83133 Turb Turbine ine Fue Fuel, l, Avia viatio tion, n, Ker Kerose osene ne Type ype,, Grade JP-8 2.3 U.S. Army Army Regulation: Regulation:4 AR 70-71 Nuclear Nuclear,, Biolo Biological gical,, and Chem Chemical ical Conta Contamina mina-tion Survivability of Army Material
NOTE 1—This standard and ISO and ISO 22088 Part 3 address 3 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content (and the results cannot be directly compared between the two test methods).
2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 D 13 Specification for Spirits of Turpentine 1
These practices are under the jurisdiction jurisdiction of ASTM Committee Committee D20 on Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Permanence Properties. Curren Cur rentt edi edition tion app approv roved ed Apr April il 1, 200 2006. 6. Pub Publish lished ed Jun Junee 200 2006. 6. Ori Origin ginally ally approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 543 - 95 (2001). 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@
[email protected] astm.org. g. For For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3 4
the ASTM website website..
Withdrawn. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
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D 543 – 06 Standards:5 2.4 ISO Standards: ISO 175 Plas Plastics— tics—Deter Determinat mination ion of Resis Resistanc tancee to Liqui Liquid d Chemicals ISO 22088 Part 3 Plastics—Determination of Resistance to Enviro Env ironme nmenta ntall Str Stress ess Cra Cracki cking ng (ES (ESC)— C)—Ben Bentt Str Strip ip Method
5.4 Containers—Suitable containers for submerging specimens in che mens chemi mical cal rea reagen gents. ts. They mus mustt be res resist istant ant to the corrosive effects of the reagents being used. Venting should be provided, especially when using volatile reagents at elevated temperatures. Tightly sealed containers are preferred for room temperature testing to minimize loss. 5.5 Strain Jigs—Jigs are to be capable of supplying known amount amo untss of str strain ain to tes testt spe specim cimens ens.. Fig. Fig. 1 is a side view drawing of a typical strain jig used to obtain 1.0 % strain in a
3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions—De —Defini finitio tions ns of ter terms ms app applyi lying ng to the these se practices appear in Terminology D Terminology D 883. 883. 4. Signi Significanc ficancee and Use
3.2 mm [0.125 in.] thick test specimen. Shown in Fig. 1 is 1 is an equati equ ation on tha thatt can be use used d to cal calcul culate ate str strain ain fro from m kno known wn dimens dim ension ionss or bac back-c k-calc alcula ulate te jig dim dimens ension ionss for a des desir ired ed specimen strain. 5.6 Oven or Constant Temperature Bath, capable of maintaining temperatures within 62°C of the specified test temperatures. 5.7 Testing Devices—Testing devices for determining specific strength properties of specimens before and after submersion or strain, or both, conforming to the requirements prescribed in the ASTM test methods for the specific properties being determined. 5.8 Laboratory Hood , or other system adequate for vapor ventilation.
4.1 Th 4.1 Thee li limi mita tati tion onss of th thee re resu sult ltss ob obta tain ined ed fr from om th thes esee practi pra ctices ces sho should uld be rec recogn ognize ized. d. The cho choice ice of typ types es and concentrations of reagents, duration of immersion or stress, or both, temperature of the test, and properties to be reported is necessari neces sarily ly arbi arbitrar trary y. The speci specificati fication on of these condi condition tionss provides a basis for standardization and serves as a guide to investiga inves tigators tors wishing to comp compare are the rela relative tive resistance resistance of various plastics to typical chemical reagents. 4.2 Correlation of test test results with the the actual performance performance or serviceabi servi ceability lity of plast plastics ics is neces necessaril sarily y depen dependent dent upon the similarity between the testing and the end-use conditions. For applicatio appli cations ns invol involving ving conti continuous nuous immersion, immersion, the data obtained in short-time tests are of interest only in eliminating the most unsuitable unsuitable mate material rialss or indic indicating ating a proba probable ble rela relative tive order of resistance to chemical reagents. 4.3 Evaluation of plastics for special special applications involving involving corros cor rosive ive con condit dition ionss sho should uld be bas based ed upo upon n the par parti ticul cular ar reagents and concentrations to be encountered. The selection of test te st co cond ndit itio ions ns sh shou ould ld ta take ke in into to ac acco coun untt th thee ma mann nner er an and d durati dur ation on of con contac tactt wit with h rea reagen gents, ts, the tem temper peratu ature re of the system, applied stress, and other performance factors involved in the particular application. 5. Appar Apparatus atus 5.1 Balance—A balance capable of weighing accurately to 0.05 % for a test specimen weighing 100 g or less, and to 0.1 % for a test specimen weighing over 100 g. Assurance that the balance meets the performance requirements should be provided by frequent checks on adjustments of zero points and sensitivity and by periodic calibration for absolute accuracy, using standard masses. 5.2 Micrometers—Use a suitable micrometer for measuring the dimensions of test specimens similar to that described in Testt Method Tes Method D D 5947. 5947. The micrometer should have an incremental discrimination of at least 0.025 mm [0.001 in.]. For specimens 0.100 in. thick or less, the micrometer used shall havee an inc hav increm rement ental al dis discri crimin minati ation on of at lea least st 0.0 0.0025 025 mm [0.000 [0. 0001 1 in. in.]. ]. The mi micro cromet meter er mus mustt be ver verifie ified d usi using ng gag gagee blocks traceable to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) every 30 days minimum. 5.3 Room, or enclosed space capable of being maintained at the stan standard dard laboratory laboratory atmo atmospher spheree of 23 6 2°C [73 [73.4 .4 6 3.6°F] and 50 6 5 % relat relative ive humi humidity dity in accor accordance dance with
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Practice D Practice D 618. 618. 5 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
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FIG. 1 Determination of Strain Level of ESCR Fixtures
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D 543 – 06 Reagents nts and Materials Materials 6. Reage
6.3.26 Hyd Hydrrog ogen en Pe Pero roxi xide de So Solu lutio tion n (3 % or USP 10 volume)—A —Add dd 98 mL (1 (108 08 g) of co comm mmer erci cial al gr grad adee (1 (100 00 volume vol ume or 28 %) hyd hydrog rogen en per peroxi oxide de (H2O2) to 901 mL of water. 6.3.27 Isooctane, 2,2,4-trimethyl pentane. 6.3.28 Kerosine—No. 2 fuel oil, Specification D 396. 396. 6.3.29 Methyl Alcohol. 6.3.30 Mine Mineral ral Oil, Whi White, te, USP, sp gr 0. 0.83 830 0 to 0. 0.86 860; 0; Saybolt at 100°F: 125 to 135 s. 6.3.31 Nitric Acid (sp gr 1.42)—Conc —Concentr entrated ated nitr nitric ic acid (HNO3). 6.3.32 Nitri Nitricc Ac Acid id (4 (40 0 %)—Ad Add d 50 500 0 mL (7 (71 10 g) of HNO3(sp gr 1.42) to 535 mL of water. 6.3.33 Nitri Add d 10 108 8 mL (1 (15 53 g) of Nitricc Ac Acid id (1 (10 0 %)—Ad HNO3(sp gr 1.42) to 901 mL of water. 6.3.34 Oleic Acid, cP. 6.3.35 Olive Oil, edible grade. 6.3.36 Phenol Soluti Solution on (5 %) %)—Dissolve 47 g of carbonic acid crystals, USP, in 950 mL of water. 6.3.37 Soap Soap Sol Soluti ution on (1 %)—Dis —Dissol solve ve deh dehydr ydrate ated d pur puree white soap flakes (dried 1 h at 105°C) in water. 6.3.38 Sodium Carbonate Solution (20 %)—Add 660 g of sodium carbonate (Na2·CO3·10H2O) to 555 mL of water.
6.1 The following following list of standard standard reagents reagents is inte intended nded to be representative of the main categories of pure chemical compounds, solutions, and common industrial products. Chemicals used in these practices shall be of technical grade or greater purity pur ity.. All sol soluti utions ons sha shall ll be mad madee wit with h fre freshl shly y pre prepar pared ed distilled water. Specific concentrations are on a weight percent or spe specifi cificc gra gravit vity y bas basis. is. Mi Mixin xing g ins instru tructi ctions ons are bas based ed on amount amo untss of ing ingred redien ients ts cal calcul culate ated d to pro produc ducee 100 1000 0 mL of solution of the specified concentration. 6.2 The following list of standard reagents is not intended to preclu pre clude de the use of oth other er rea reagen gents ts per pertin tinent ent to par parti ticul cular ar chemical resistance requirements. It is intended to standardize typical reagents, solution concentrations, and industrial products for general testing of the resistance of plastics to chemical reagents. Material specifications in which chemical resistance is ind indica icated ted sha shall ll be bas based ed upo upon n rea reagen gents ts and con condit dition ionss selected from those listed herein except by mutual agreement between the seller and the purchaser. 6.3 Standard Reagents: 6.3.1 Acetic Acid (sp gr 1.05)—Glacial acetic acid. 6.3.2 Acetic Acid (5 %)—Ad —Add d 48 mL (50 (50.5 .5 g) of gla glacia ciall acetic acid (sp gr 1.05) to 955 mL of water. 6.3.3 Acetone. 6.3.4 Ammo Ammoniu nium m Hyd Hydro roxid xidee (sp gr 0.9 0.90) 0)—Concentrated ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH). 6.3.5 Ammonium Hydroxide (10 %)—Add 375 mL (336 g) of (NH4OH) (sp gr 0.90) to 622 mL of water. 6.3.6 Aniline. 6.3.7 Benzene. 6.3.8 Carbon Tetrachloride. 6.3.9 Chromic Chromic Acid (40 %)—Di —Disso ssolve lve 549 g of chr chromi omicc anhydride (CrO2) in 822 mL of water. 6.3.10 Citric Citric Aci Acid d (1 %)—Di —Disso ssolve lve 104 g of cit citri ricc aci acid d crystals in 935 mL of water. 6.3.11 Cottonseed Oil, edible grade. 6.3.12 Deter Detergen gentt Solu Solution tion,, Hea Heavy vy Duty (0. (0.025 025 %)— Dissolve 0.05 g of alkyl aryl sulfonate and 0.20 g of trisodium phosphate in 1000 mL of water. 6.3.13 Diethyl Ether . 6.3.14 Dimethyl Formamide. 6.3.15 Distilled Water , freshly prepared. 6.3.16 Ethyl Acetate. 6.3.17 Ethyl Alcohol (95 %)—Undenatured ethyl alcohol. 6.3.18 Ethyl Alcohol (50 %)—Add 598 mL (482 g) of 95 % undenatured ethyl alcohol to 435 mL of water. 6.3.19 Ethylene Dichloride. 6.3.20 2-Ethylhexyl Sebacate. 6.3.21 Heptane, commercial grade, boiling range from 90 to 100°C. 6.3.22 Hydrochlor Hydrochloric ic Acid (sp gr 1.19)—Concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl). 6.3.23 Hydrochloric Acid (10 %)—Add 239 mL (283 g) of HCl (sp gr 1.19) to 764 mL of water.
6.3.39 Sodium Sodium Car Carbon bonate ate Sol Solutio ution n (2 %)—A —Add dd 55 g of Na2·CO3·10H2O to 964 mL of water. 6.3.40 Sodium Chlori Chloride de Solutio Solution n (10 %)—Add 107 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) to 964 mL of water. 6.3.41 Sodium —Slowly wly disSodium Hyd Hydro roxid xidee Sol Soluti ution on (60 %)—Slo solve 971 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in 649 mL of water. 6.3.42 Sodium Hydroxide Solution (10 %)—Dissolve 111 g of NaOH in 988 mL of water. 6.3.43 Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1 %)—Dissolve 10.1 g of NaOH in 999 mL of water. 6.3.44 Sodium Hypochlorite Solution, National Formulary, (4 to 6 %)—The concentration of this solution can be determined as follows: Weigh accurately in a glass-stoppered flask about 3 mL of the solution and dilute with 50 mL of water. water. Add 2 g of potassium iodide (KI) and 10 mL of acetic acid, and titrat tit ratee the lib libera erated ted iod iodine ine wit with h 0.1 N sod sodium ium thi thiosu osulfa lfate te (Na2S2O3), ad addi ding ng st star arch ch so solu luti tion on as th thee in indi dica cato torr. Ea Each ch millilitre of 0.1 N Na 2S2O3 solution is equivalent to 3.7222 mg of sodium hypochlorite. 6.3.45 Sulfu Sulfuric ric Acid (sp gr 1.8 1.84) 4)—Concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4). 6.3.46 Sulfuric Acid (30 %)—Slow —Slowly ly add 199 mL (366 g) of H2SO4(sp gr 1.84) to 853 mL of water. 6.3.47 Sulfuric Acid (3 %)—Slo —Slowly wly add 16.6 mL (30.6 g) of H2SO4 (sp gr 1.84) to 988 mL of water. 6.3.48 Toluene. 6.3.49 Transform Transformer er Oil, in acc accord ordanc ancee wit with h the req requir uireements of Specification D Specification D 1040. 1040. 6.3.50 Turpentine—Gu —Gum m spi spirit ritss or ste steam am dis distil tilled led woo wood d
6.3.24 Hydrofluoric Acid (40 %)—Slowly add 748 mL (866 g) of hydrofluoric acid (52 to 55 % HF) to 293 mL of water. 6.3.25 Hydr Hydrogen ogen Per Peroxide oxide Solutio Solution n, 28 % or USP 100 volume.
turpentine in accordance with Specification Specification D 13. 13 . 6.4 Table Table 1 contain containss a lis listt of mil milita itary ry spe specifi cificat cation ionss for various liquids intended to be representative of the main types of li liqu quid idss th that at ma may y be en enco coun unte tere red d in a mi mili lita tary ry se serv rvic icee --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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D 543 – 06 TABLE TAB LE 1 Military Specifications Specifications for Liquids Encountered in Military Service Environments Specification
or finer sandpaper or emery cloth. Molding shall conform to conditions recommended by the manufacturer of the material (see Note 2) 2). The shape and dimensions of specimens shall depend upon the test to be performed and shall conform to the following:
Title
MIL-C-372
MIL-G-5572 MIL-H-5606
MIL-T-5624 MIL-H-6083
MIL-L-7808
MIL-A-11755 MIL-D-12468 MIL-L-14107 MIL-L-23699
MIL-L-46000 MIL-A-46153
MIL-F-46162 MIL-D-50030 MIL-T-83133 MIL-H-83283
Cleaning Compound, Solvent (for Bore of Small Arms and Automatic Aircraft Weapons) Gasoline, Aviation, Grades 80/87, 100/130, 115/1 115/145 45 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base, Aircraft, Missiles, and Ordinance Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Grades JP-4 and JP-5 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base, for Preservation and Operation
9.1.1.1 Weight Weight and Dimens Dimension ion Change Changess—Standard specimens shall be in the form of disks 50.80 mm [2 in.] in diameter and 3.175 mm [0. [0.125 125 in.] in thi thickn ckness ess molded molded or cut from molded slabs. The nominal surface area of this standard disk is 45.60 cm2 [7.1 in.2].
Lubricating Oil, Aircraft Turbine Engine, Synthetic Base, Nato Code Number 0–148 Antifreeze, Artic-T Artic-Type ype Decontaminating Decontaminat ing Agent, STB Lubricating Oil, Weapons, Low Temperature Lubricating Oil, Aircraft Turbine Engines, Synthetic Base Lubricant, Semi-Fluid (Automatic Weapons) Antifreeze, Ethylene Glycol, Inhibited, Heavy Duty Duty,, Single Package Fuel, Diesel, Referee Grade Decontaminating Decontaminat ing Agent, DS2 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Type, Grade JP-8 Hydraulic Fluid, Fire Resistant, Synthetic Hydrocarbon Base, Aircraft
9.1.1.2 Mechan Mechanical ical Pro Property perty Change Changess—Stan —Standard dard tensi tensile le specimens shall be used in accordance with the test method prescribe pres cribed d in the appr appropria opriate te speci specificati fication on for the mate material rial being tested or by agreement among those concerned. Where the dete determin rmination ation of other mechanical mechanical prope propertie rtiess is agre agreed ed upon between the seller and the purchaser, standard specimens prescribed in the appropriate test methods shall be used. 9.1.2 Sheet Sheet Mater Materials ials—Sp —Speci ecime mens ns fro from m she sheet et mat materi erials als shall be cut from a representative sample of the material (see Note 3) 3) in a manner depending upon the tests to be performed and the thickness of the sheet, as follows (see 9.1.1 (see 9.1.1 regarding regarding preparation of cut edges):
environment. Plastics that are intended for use in such environments shall be tested for chemical resistance to the liquids in Table in Table 1 as 1 as applicable. 6.4.1 Army Regul Regulation ation 70-71 esta establis blishes hes the requi requireme rement nt for chem chemical ical conta contamina mination tion survi survivabil vability ity of Army mate material rial intended to withstand the hazards of a chemical warfare (CW) environmen envir onment. t. Decon Decontami taminatin nating g agent agentss STB and DS2 are included in Table in Table 1. 1. In addition, selected CW agents (or suitable simulants) are liquids against which it may be appropriate to test the resistance of certain plastics.
9.1.2.1 Weight Weight and Dimens Dimension ion Change Changess—Standard specimens shall be in the form of bars 76.20 mm [3 in.] in length by 25.40 mm [1 in.] in width by the thickness of the material. The nominal surface area of the standard bar, having a thickness of 3.175 3.1 75 mm [0. [0.125 125 in.], is 45. 45.16 16 cm2[7. [7.0 0 in.2]. Circular disk specimens 50.80 mm [2 in.] in diameter by the thickness of the material are permissible under mutual agreement between the seller and the purchaser. Permissible variations in thickness of both types of specimens are 60.18 mm [60.007 in.] for hot molded and 60.30 mm [60.012 in.] for cold molded or cast materials.
7. Hazar Hazards ds 7.1 Safet Safety y preca precaution utionss shoul should d be taken to avoi avoid d perso personal nal cont co ntac act, t, to el elim imin inat atee to toxi xicc va vapo pors rs,, an and d to gu guar ard d ag agai ains nstt explosion hazards in accordance with the hazardous nature of the particular reagents being used.
9.1.2.2 Mechani Mechanical cal Pr Proper operty ty Chan Changes ges—Sta —Standar ndard d machined chi ned,, she sheare ared, d, or cut ten tensil silee spe specim cimens ens sha shall ll be use used d in accordance with the test methods prescribed in the appropriate specificat spec ifications ions of the material material to be tested, or by agre agreemen ementt among those concerned (see 9.1.1.2 9.1.1.2)).
8. Sampling Sampling 8.1 For Practice Practicess A and B, Pro Proced cedure ure I, sam sample ple in acc accor or-dance with the perti pertinent nent consideratio considerations ns outl outlined ined in Prac Practice tice D 1898. 1898. 8.2 For Practices Practices A and B, Proce Procedure dure II, sample in accordance with the ASTM test methods for the specific properties to be determined.
NOTE 2—Specimen surface area greatly affects the weight change due to imm immers ersion ion in che chemic mical al rea reagent gents. s. Thic Thickne kness ss influ influenc ences es per percen centag tagee dimension change as well as percentage change in mechanical properties. In addition, molded specimens may not agree with specimens cut from molded or otherw otherwise ise formed sheet of a given material. material. Consequently, Consequently, compar com parison ison of mat materi erials als should be mad madee only on the basis of res results ults obtained obtaine d from specim specimens ens of identic identical al dimensions and like methods of specimen preparation.
9. Test Specimens
NOTE 3—Molding 3—Molding conditions can af affect fect the resista resistance nce of plastic plasticss to chemical reagents. Compression moldings should be prepared in a manner that will disburse external lubricants and result in complete fusion of the partic par ticles les.. Inj Inject ection ion mol molding ding shou should ld be acc accomp omplish lished ed in a man manner ner tha thatt results in a minimum of molecular orientation and thermal stress or a controlled level of both, depending upon the condition being simulated.
9.1 The type and dimensions dimensions of test specimens specimens to be used depend depe nd up upon on th thee fo form rm of th thee ma mate teri rial al an and d th thee te test stss to be performed (see Note (see Note 2) 2). At least three specimens shall be used for each material being tested, for each reagent involved, for each length of conditioning, and for each strain level. The test specimens shall be as follows:
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NOTE 4—For certain products, such as laminates, in which edge effects are pronounced, pronounced, larger coupons may be exposed from which standard specim spe cimens ens can be cut aft after er imm immers ersion ion for det determ erminin ining g the ef effec fects ts of reagents on mechanical properties. This may be allowed in provisions of material specifications by mutual agreement between the seller and the purchaser and should be reported as such.
9.1.1 Molding Molding and Extru Extrusion sion Mater Materials ials—Specimens shall be molded to shape or cut from molded slabs as required in 9.1.1.1 and 9.1.1.1 and 9.1.1.2 9.1.1.2.. The cut edges of specimens shall be made smooth by sharp cutting, machining, or by finishing with No. 0
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D 543 – 06 10. Condi Conditioni tioning ng
ligroin, before wiping dry. Specimens removed from volatile solvents such as acetone, alcohol, etc., need no rinsing before wipi wi ping ng dr dry y. So Some me sp spec ecim imen enss ma may y be beco come me ta tack cky y du duee to dissolved material on the surface or solvent absorbed throughout the specimen. Take care in wiping such specimens not to disturb or contaminate the surface. 11.5 Observe the surface of each specimen specimen after exposure to the chemical reagent. Observe and report appearance on the basis of examination for evidence of loss of gloss, developed
10.1 Conditioning—Cond —Conditio ition n the test spec specimen imen at 23 6 2°C [73.4 6 3.6°F] and 50 % 6 5 % relative humidity for not less than 40 h prior to the test in accordance with Procedure A of Pract Practice ice D 618 for tho those se tes tests ts whe where re con condit dition ioning ing is required. In case of disagreement, the tolerances shall be 1°C [1.8°F] and 62 % relative humidity. 10.2 Test Conditions—Conduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of 23 6 2°C [73.4 6 3.6°F] and 50 6 5 % relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in these practices. In case of disagreement, the tolerances shall be 1°C [1.8°F] and 62 % relative humidity.
texture,, deco texture decompos mpositio ition, n, disc discolor oloratio ation, n, swel swellin ling, g, clou clouding ding,, tackiness, rubberiness, crazing, bubbling, cracking, solubility, etc. See Terminology D 883 for proper descriptive terminology.
PRACTICE A—IMMERSION TEST
NOTE 5—For some materials, absorption of the reagent over the 168 h immersion period is nearly balanced by the removal of soluble constituents from the plastic. This type of behavior may be revealed by comparing the initial conditioned weight of the specimen with its weight when dried for 168 h at 23°C and 50 % relative humidity, after removal from the chemical chemi cal reagent.A final weight lower than the initial weight may indicate removal of soluble constituents. However, only for particular combinations of reagent and test specimen can this weight difference be considered as due strictly to the removal of soluble constituents. NOTE 6—In making tests for shorter shorter or longer periods of time than 168 h, it is recommended that the tests be run at 24 and 72 h for times that are made up of increments of 4 weeks, respectively. The containers should be stirred once each day during the first week, and once each week thereafter.
11. Procedure I—Weight I—Weight and Dimension Changes (See Note 4 4 and and 6.2 6.2)) 11.1 Weigh each conditioned specimen separately separately and measure thickness at the center, length, and width, or two diameters at right angles to each other, to the nearest 0.025 mm [0.001 in.]. In the case of laminates, edge swelling is not uncommon under certain conditions. Consequently, it may be necessary to measure thickness both at the center and at the edges and report the percentage change separately for each position. 11.2 11. 2 Place the specimens specimens in appropriate appropriate containers containers for the reagen rea gents ts bei being ng use used d and all allow ow the spe specim cimens ens to be tot totall ally y immers imm ersed ed in fre fresh sh rea reagen gentt for sev seven en day dayss in the standard standard laboratory labor atory atmosphere. atmosphere. Suspend the spec specimen imenss to avoid any contact with the walls or bottom of the container. For specimens of thin sheeting or those having a lower density than the reagent, it may be necessary to attach small weights such as nichrome to prevent floating or curling. Several specimens of a give gi ven n ma mate teri rial al ma may y be im imme mers rsed ed in th thee sa same me co cont ntai aine nerr provided sufficient reagent is allowed for the total surface area expo ex pose sed d an and d th thee sp spec ecim imen enss do no nott to touc uch h ea each ch ot othe herr. Fo Forr specimens of nonextractable and relatively insoluble materials, the quantity of reagent shall be approximately 10 mL/in. 2 of specimen surface area. For specimens that tend to dissolve or which involve extraction of plasticizers, the quantity of reagent shall be approximately 40 mL/in.2 of specimen surface area. Where Whe re the there re is any doubt in the these se mat matter ters, s, use the hig higher her solvent ratio. For tests at other than room temperatures, it is recommended that the test temperature be 50°C, 70°C, or other temperatures recommended in Practice D 618. 618. It is important that the reagent be at the elevated test temperature before the specimens are immersed. 11. 1.3 3 St Stir ir th thee re reag agen ents ts ev ever ery y 24 h by mo mode dera rate te ma manu nual al rotation of the containers or other suitable means (see Note 5). 5). 11. 1.4 4 Af Afte terr 16 168 8 h, or ot othe herr ag agre reed ed up upon on pe peri riod od of ti time me,, individually remove each specimen from the reagent, immediately weigh, and remeasure its dimensions. Wash with running water specimens removed from acid, alkali, or other aqueous solutions, wipe them dry with a cloth or tissue, and immediately weigh. Hygroscopic reagents such as concentrated sulfuric acid may remain absorbed on the surface of the specimens
12. Procedure II—Mechanical II—Mechanical Property Changes 12.1 Imme Immerse rse and handle the mecha mechanical nical test specimens specimens in accordance with instructions given in Procedure I (Section 11 11). ). 12.2 Determine the mechanical mechanical properties of identical nonimmersed imme rsed and imme immersed rsed specimens specimens in accor accordanc dancee with the standard methods for tensile tests prescribed in the specification ti onss fo forr th thee ma mate teri rial alss be bein ing g te test sted ed (s (see ee Note Note 7). Ma Make ke mechanic mech anical al prope propertie rtiess test testss on nonim nonimmers mersed ed and imme immersed rsed specimens prepared from the same sample or lot of material in the sam samee man manner ner,, and run und under er ide identi ntical cal con condit dition ions. s. Test immersed specimens immediately after they are removed from the che chemic mical al rea reagen gent. t. Whe Where re spe specim cimens ens are exp expose osed d to reagents at elevated temperature, unless they are to be tested at the ele elevat vated ed tem temper peratu ature, re, the they y sha shall ll be pla placed ced in ano anothe therr container of the reagent at the standard laboratory temperature for approximately 1 h to effect cooling prior to testing (see Note 7) 7). NOTE 7—While 7—While tensile tests are genera generally lly more applic applicable able and preferred for assessi ferred assessing ng mechanical property property changes due to the ef effects fects of chemical reagents, other mechanical properties may be more significant in special cases (for example, flexural properties of rigid materials that are nott ap no appr prec ecia iably bly so softe ftene ned d by th thee re reag agen ents ts und under er stu study dy but ma may y be extremely sensitive to surface attack such as crazing). Consequently, in the use of thes thesee pra practic ctices es for esta establis blishing hing che chemic mical al res resista istance nce lev levels els in material or product specifications, consideration should be given to the choice of mechanical properties that properly characterize the effects of exposuree to chemi exposur chemical cal reage reagents. nts. NOTE 8—To 8—To isol isolate ate the ef effec fects ts of cer certai tain n che chemic mical al rea reagen gents ts on the mechanical properties of some plastics, it is necessary to test identical specimens that have been immersed in water. This is especially true of tests for determining the effects of aqueous solutions, where these may not differ greatly from the effects of immersion in water alone. When tests are run with a variety of aqueous solution reagents, the effects due to water alone alo ne sho should uld be esta establis blished hed for bet better ter com compar parison ison of res results ults.. Sim Simila ilarr behavior may result when tests are run at elevated temperatures, requiring
even afte afterr rins rinsing, ing, requi requiring ring imme immediat diatee speci special al handl handling ing to avoid avo id moi moistu sture re pic pickup kup bef before ore and dur during ing wei weighi ghing. ng. Rin Rinse se specimens speci mens remo removed ved from nonvo nonvolati latile, le, nonwa nonwaterter-solub soluble le organic liquids with a nonaggressive but volatile solvent, such as --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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D 543 – 06 know knowledg ledgee of the ef effec fects ts of tem temper peratur aturee alo alone ne to pro proper perly ly asse assess ss the effects due to the chemical reagents.
19.2 Expos Exposee the stra strained ined test specimens, specimens, along with one set of 0.0 % strain (unstrained) specimens, to the reagent being evaluated eval uated for compa compatibil tibility ity.. The test speci specimens mens can be immersed in liquid reagents, or alternately, a wet patch method can be used. The wet patch method involves applying a cotton patch (cheesecloth) over the test specimens and saturating the patch with liquid. For volatile reagents, the liquid should be reapplied daily to provide continuous saturation. Greases can be wiped directly onto the specimen surface.
PRACTICE B—MECHANICAL STRESS AND REAGENT EXPOSURE 13. Scope 13.1 This practice consists consists of exposing standard standard ASTM test specimens to the reagents being evaluated under standardized conditions of applied strain. After exposure, the specimens are visually visua lly eval evaluated uated and mech mechanic anically ally tested to deter determine mine the effects of reagents on the stressed chemically exposed plastics. ` , , ` ` ` , , , , ` `
19.3 Exposure times for chemically chemically exposed and unexposed unexposed test specimens shall be 7 days for room temperature exposure and 3 day dayss for ele elevat vated ed tem temper peratu ature re exp exposu osure re unl unless ess oth other er exposure times are agreed upon between those concerned. Test temperatures other than room temperature shall be as recommended in Practice D Practice D 618, 618, unless specified otherwise. 19.4 Maintain one set of test specimens specimens strained identically identically to the specimens being exposed (including 0.0 %) but with no reagen rea gent, t, to act as a con contro trol. l. If exp exposu osure re inc includ ludes es ele elevat vated ed temperatures, a set of chemically unexposed controls shall be conditioned at the same temperature and times as the exposed specim spe cimen. en. Con Contro troll tes testt spe specim cimens ens sha shall ll be tes tested ted for the specified mechanical properties at the same time as the exposed test specimens. 19.5 19. 5 Aft After er the spe specifi cified ed exp exposu osure re per period iod,, det determ ermine ine the
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14. Appar Apparatus atus 14.1 Micrometers (see (see 5.2 5.2)). 14.2 Room (see (see 5.3 5.3). ). 14.3 Containers (see (see 5.4 5.4)). 14.4 Strain Fixtures—Use three point flexural strain devices capa ca pabl blee of ap appl plyi ying ng kn know own n am amou ount ntss of st stra rain in to th thee te test st specimen. The fixtures are to be made of stainless steel with stainl sta inless ess ste steel el tab tabss at eac each h end cap capabl ablee of af afffixi ixing ng the tes testt specimen to the fixtures in such a way that intimate contact is maintained between the test specimen and the fixture along the entire length of the test specimen. The clamping system should allow for thermal expansion of the material when exposure to elevated temperature is specified. The stainless steel is to be of Type 304 with a surface finish of 64. Fig. 1 provides 1 provides a drawing of a typical strain fixture along with calculations for determining the rad radius ius of cur curvat vature ure req requir uired ed for a spe specifi cified ed per percen centt strain. 14.5 Oven or Constant Temperature Bath (see (see 5.6 5.6)). 14.6 Testing Devices (see (see 5.7 5.7)). 14.7 Laboratory Hood (see (see 5.8 5.8). ).
mechanical ofwith the unexposed and specimens inproperties accordance the standardcontrol methods forexposed tensile, flexural, or other properties as prescribed in the specifications for the materials being tested (see Note 9). 9). Test mechanical properties of unexposed and exposed specimens prepared from the same sample or lot of material in the same manner, and run under identical conditions. Test specimens within 24 h after removal from chemical agent and removal from strain fixtures unless unl ess spe specifi cified ed oth otherw erwise ise as agr agreed eed upo upon n bet betwee ween n tho those se concerned.
15. Reag Reagents ents and Materials Materials
NOTE 9—In some cases deviations from standardized test methods may occur, for example, it may not be feasible to use extensometers when measuring strain during tensile testing due to the curvature of the test specimen resulting from the applied strain. Also, after exposure to some reagents, some materials may soften, in which case, contact extensometers could induce flaws resulting in premature failure. In all cases modifica-
15.1 See Section Section 6. 16. Haza Hazards rds 16.1 See Section Section 7.
tions to standard test methods shall be noted on test reports.
17. Test Specimens 17.1 17. 1 Sam Samee as 9.1 as 9.1 except a minimum of five test specimens shall be tested. 17.1.1 Molding and Extrusion Materials—Same as 9.1.1 as 9.1.1.. 17.1.1.1 17.1.1 .1 Same as as 9.1.1.2 9.1.1.2.. 17.1.2 Sheet Materials—Same as 9.1.2 as 9.1.2.. 17.1.2.1 17.1.2 .1 Same as as 9.1.2.2 9.1.2.2..
20. Repor Reportt
19.1 Moun Mountt the appropriate appropriate test specimens, specimens, as spec specified ified by the mechanical test being performed, onto strain fixtures that
20.1 Repor Reportt the following following infor informati mation: on: 20.1.1 Complete identification identification of the material tested tested including typ type, e, sou source rce,, man manufa ufactu cturer rer’s ’s cod code, e, for form, m, and pre previo vious us history, 20.1.2 Meth Method od of prepa preparing ring test specimen, specimen, 20.1.3 Speci Specimen men type and dime dimension nsions, s, 20.1.4 Meth Method od of test, 20.1.5 Conditioning procedure procedure used, 20.1.6 Chemi Chemical cal reagents, reagents, 20.1.7 Stres Stresss level used, 20.1.8 Chemi Chemical cal agent appli applicati cation on type (for exam example, ple, immersion or wet patch),
have the radius of curvature necessary to provide the specified strain str ain.. Ens Ensure ure tha thatt int intim imate ate con contac tactt of the spe specim cimens ens and fixtures is maintained along the entire length of the gage area or specimen area to be tested.
20.1.9 Exposure temperatures, temperatures, 20.1.10 20.1.1 0 Durat Duration ion of expo exposure, sure, 20.1.11 20.1. 11 Mechanic Mechanical al prop properti erties es of iden identica ticall unexp unexposed/ osed/ unstressed specimens and exposed/stressed specimens,
18. Condi Conditioni tioning ng 18.1 Conditioning—See —See 10.1 10.1.. 18.2 Test Conditions—See —See 10.2 10.2.. 19. Proc Procedur eduree
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D 543 – 06 22. Keyw Keywords ords
20.1.1 1.12 2 Aver verage age per percen centag tagee inc increa rease se or dec decrea rease se in me20. chanical prop chanical properti erties es taki taking ng the prope propertie rtiess of the unexp unexposed/ osed/ unstressed specimens as 100 %, 20.1.13 20.1.1 3 Mean of the changes for the mecha mechanical nical property property,, 20.1.14 20.1.1 4 Stan Standard dard deviation deviation of the changes for the mech mechanianical property, and 20.1.15 20.1.1 5 Appea Appearanc rancee chang changes. es.
22.1 chemical reagent; dimensional dimensional changes; exposure; exposure; mechanical property changes; plastics; stress
21. Prec Precisio ision n and Bias 21.1 Precision—It is not practical to specify precision for these practices because of the wide differences possible in the effects of specific reagents to different plastics.
SUMMARY OF CHANGES Committee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue, D 543 - 95 (01), that may impact the use of this standard. (April 1, 2006) (1) Updated the ISO equivalency statement statement in Note 1 to reflect the similarity of Practice B and ISO 22088 Part 3. (2) Added D 5947 to Section 2, Refer Referenced enced Documents Documents.. (3) Repla Replaced ced D 374 in 5.2 with D 5947. 5947.
(4) Revis Revised ed Figure 1 to corre correct ct the strain sign from a summation to lower case epsilon. (5) Added a Summary of changes changes section.
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