Astm C794

 

CZQB - Adsmelcjmúl9 J 5=1 ‚ ? ?3 3

Bíthah dstãlacr ad `c prudgc pcrc

Candsmhl-ml-_dd` ad `hs sd``cltds jhbulds d`csthbdrmj 3 Dstd dstãlacr sd pug`mjc gcih adsmelcjmúl adsmelcjmúl fmic J 5=1; d` lùbdrh mlbdamctcbdltd adspuís ad `c adsmelcjmúl mlamjc d` cóh ad cahpjmúl hrmemlc` h, dl d` jcsh ad `c rdvmsmúl, d` cóh ad `c rdvmsmúl pcscac. Tl lùbdrh dl pcríltdsms mlamjc d` cóh ad rdcpprhvc` rdcpprhvc` pcscah. pcscah. C `c ípsm`hl ad` dxphldltd (d) mlamjc ul jcbgmh rdacjjmhlc` adsad `c rdvmsmúl pcscac h rdcpprhvc`.

3. C`jcljd 3,3 Dstd bíthah ad `c prudgc jugrd ul prhjdambmdlth ad ad`` `cghrcthrmh pcrc adtdrbmlcjmúl ad `c fudrzc y ad `cs jcrcjtdrâstmjcs jcrcjtdrâstmjcs ad `cs jcrcjtdrâstmjcs jcrcjtdrâstmj cs ad `c jãsjcrc ad ul sd``cltd jhbùl d`csthbdrmj ad` jurcr-dl-`uecr, dsjhic h ad vcrmhs jhbphldltds, pcrc d` ush dl `c jhlstrujjmúl ad damfmjmhs. 3,7 @hs vc`hrds mlamjcahs mlamjcahs dl `cs ulmacads ulmacads bítrmjcs (ZM) adgdl adgdl sdr bmrcahs jhbh d` dstãlacr. dstãlacr. @hs vc`hrds acahs dl pcríltdsms pcríltdsms sd p prhphrjmhlcl rhphrjmhlcl  pcrc `c mlfhrbcjmúl mlfhrbcjmúl sh`cbdltd. 3,: D` jhbmtí jhl `c iurmsamjjmúl iurmsamjjmúl shgrd dstd dstãlacr dstãlacr lh ds dltdrcah ad juc`qumdrds dstãlacrds jhbpcrcg`ds pug`mjcahs phr htrcs

hreclmzcjmhlds. 3,1  Dstd dstãlacr lh prdtdlad prdtdlad trctcr thah d`  prhg`dbcs ad sdeurmaca, sdeurmaca, sm `hs ncy, cshjmcahs cshjmcahs c su ush. Ds rdsphlscgm`maca ad` usucrmh ad dstd dstãlacr ad dstcg`djdr cprhpmcah `cs prãjtmjcs ad sdeurmaca y ad `c sc`ua y adtdrbmlcl `c cp`mjcgm`maca ad `mbmtcjmhlds rdeu`cahrcs cltds ad` ush. 7. Ahjubdlths Wdfdrmahs 7,3  Dstãlacrds Ad Cstb9 Cstb9 Dspdjmfmjcjmúl ad J :: pcrc `hs cerdecahs 7 ad` jhljrdth

 

Bíthah ad `c prudgc ad J 3?= pcrc `c fudrzc jhbprdsmvc ad nmarãu`mjh Bhrtdrhs ad` jdbdlth jdbdlth (qud uscl 7-dl. h dspdjâbdld dspdjâbdlds) s) ad` jugh 4?bm`âbdtrh : Dspdjmfmjcjmúl ad J 34? pcrc d` jdbdlth : ad _hrt`cla Qdrbmlh`heâc ad J 535 ad `hs sd``hs y ad `hs sd``cltds 1 ad` damfmjmh _rãjtmjc ad E 7: pcrc fuljmhlcr d` cpcrcth ad @ment-Dxphsurd (tmph ad Jcrghl-Crj) jhl y sml ceuc pcrc `c dxphsmjmúl ad `hs bctdrmc`ds lhs-bdtã`mjh lhs-bdtã`mjh 4 :. Qdrbmlh`heâc :,3  @cs adfmlmjmhlds adfmlmjmhlds ‑jhlsmadrcl  ‑jhlsmadrcl `c tdrbmlh`heâc J 535 pcrc pcrc cp`mjcg`d adfmlmjmhlds ad `hs tírbmlhs smeumdltds9 smeumdltds9 jurcjmúl, d`csthbdrmj, d`csthbdrmj, jhbùl, jcrtm``c, sd``cltd, y sugstrcth. 1. Wdsubdl ad` bíthah bíthah ad `c prud prudgc gc 1,3 Dstd bíthah ad `c prudgc jhlsmstd jhlsmstd dl d` prdpcrcr prdpcrcr ad dspdjâbd dspdjâbdlds lds ad `c prudgc jdrjc dljciclah ulc tmrc ad` pcóh dl ulc jcpc ad`ecac ad` sd``cltd qud ds  prhgcah, dl vcrmhs bctdrmc`ds bctdrmc`ds ad` sugstrcth, sugstrcth, jurclah dsths dsths dspdjâbdlds  pcrc jmdrtc `hlemtua `hlemtua ad` tmdbph gcih gcih jhlamjmhlds dspdjmfmjcacs, dspdjmfmjcacs, dlthljds jh`hjcjmúl ad d``cs dl ulc bãqumlc tdlsmúl-tdlsmhl-tdstmle ad ulc bcldrc tc` qud d` pcóh dljcicah sd pd`c adtrãs ad` sugstrcth dl 3>?¿, y bmamdlah `c fudrzc didrjmú tcl gmdl jhbh `c lcturc`dzc ad` sdpcrcjmúl ad` sd``cltd ad` sugstrcth. 4. Zmelmfmjcjmúl y ush 4,3 Ncy amfdrdljmcs amfdrdljmcs dl `c hpmlmúl dltrd íshs íshs rdfdrmahs jhl tdjlh`heâc ad` sd``cltd sm h lh dstd candrdljmc-dl-pd`d `c prudgc sd pmdlsc pcrc smbu`cr `cs jhlamjmhlds dljhltrcacs phr c sd``cltd dl dl ush lhrbc`. Zml dbgcreh, pudsth qud rdprdsdltc ulc  prudgc c `c adstrujjmúl, d` vc`hr ad `c prudgc adlhtc `c jcpcjmaca ad` jurcac

 

sd``cltd pcrc bcltdldr ul dl`cjd c` sugstrcth adgcih ad sdvdrh jhlamjmhlds. 4,7 Bujnhs fcgrmjcltds fcgrmjcltds ad` sd``cltd sd``cltd utm`mzcl utm`mzcl candrdljmc-dl-pd`cl candrdljmc-dl-pd`cl  prudgd pcrc adtdrbmlcr adtdrbmlcr `cs jcrcjtdrâstmjcs jcrcjtdrâstmjcs candsmvcs candsmvcs ad` sd``cltd sd``cltd / jhbgmlcjmhlds supdrd`decltds supdrd`decltds jhl `hs sugstrcths mlusuc`ds h  prhpmdtcrmhs. 6. Cpcrcth y bctdrmc`ds 6,3  Bãqumlc ad prudgc jhl `hs cprdthlds ad `c tdlsmúl jcpcjds ad tmrcr dl d` âlamjd ad `c sdpcrcjmúl ad 43 bm`âbdtrhs (7 ml.)/bml, y tdldr ulc jcrtc mlamjcahr jc`mgrcah dl `cs ulmacads ?.14-ke (3-`g). 6,7 Zugstrcths Dstãlacrds 6,7,3  C`dcjmúl ad c`ubmlmh c`ubmlmh tmph 6?6:-Q4 h 6?63-Q6, jhl c adspdid d` fmlc` clhamzcah lh ad bdlhs qud ?,??54bm`âbdtrh (?.:bm`) erudsh shgrd ul fmlc` dsjc`cr-`mgrd; dsjc`cr-`mgrd; 7 pdaczhs, 347 phr 56 phr 6,: bm`âbdtrh (6 phr : phr 3 1 pu`e.). 6,7,7  @cs `hscs ad` bhrtdrh bhrtdrh  prdpcrcl ahs `hscs ad` bhrtdrh ad` jdbdlth, jcac ulh 347 phr 56 phr =,4 bm`âbdtrhs (6 phr : phr : > cadltrh.) ad tcbcóh, usclah ulc phrjmúl ad` jdbdlth tdbprclh ad _hrt`cla ad `c fudrzc ad` jh`bh qud sd jhlfhrbc jhl d` tmph MMM ad `c dspdjmfmjcjmúl J 34? pcrc d` jdbdlth ad _hrt`cla, c ahs  phrjmhlds jdrjc  pdsh ad` cerdecah cerdecah fmlh `mbpmh, ulmfhrbdbdltd ulmfhrbdbdltd jc`mfmjcah, jc`mfmjcah, jhljrdth (crdlc) jhlfhrbãlahsd jhl `c dspdjmfmjcjmúl J ::, pcrc `hs cerdecahs jhljrdths. Ttm`mjd `c sufmjmdltd ceuc pcrc prhaujmr ul f`uih ad 3?? 6 4 juclah  prhgcah ad cjudrah jhl jhl d` prhjdambmdlth prhjdambmdlth pcrc `c adtdrbmlcjmúl adtdrbmlcjmúl ad `c jhlsmstdljmc ad` bhrtdrh ad` jdbdlth adsjrmtc dl bíthah ad `c  prudgc J 3?=. Adspuís ad jurcr jurcr 3 aâc dl cmrd nùbdah y 6 aâcs dl scturcah d` ceuc ad jc` dl 7: 6 7¿J (5: 6 :¿F), prdpcrc `c supdrfmjmd ad 347

 

 phr 56 bm`âbdtrhs (6 phr : cadltrh.) cadltrh.) ad jcac `hsc phr bhicah bh`mdlah juc`qumdr `cah jhl ulc `micahrc ad `c jhrrdc usclah `c jhrrdc qud dlcrdlc ad` jcrgurh ad` c`ubmlmh ad` Lh. 6? h usclah ul rdeczh ad` nmdrrh jhl d` jcrgurh ad` sm`mjmh ad` Lh. 6? (h d` c`ubmlmh d` erclh ad` úxmah) ncstc d` cerdecah sd dxphld ulmfhrbdbdltd. Vud`tc `cs `hscs c` c`bcjdlcid scturcah ad` ceuc ad jc` ncstc qud dstã ldjdsmtcah. 3 dstd

bíthah ad `c prudgc dstã gcih jhbmtí J71 ad `c iurmsamjjmúl hfCZQB shgrd d` damfmjmh @hs sd``hs y `hs sd``cltds, y shl `c rdsphlscgm`maca rdsphlscgm`maca amrdjtc ad` sugjhbmtí J71.:7 dljdlamah Suâbmjcbdltd Jurcr @hs Zd``cltds. Damjmúl cjtuc` ad iulmh cprhgcah cprhgcah d` 3?, 7??3. _ug`mjcah Iu`mh 7??3. 7??3. Hrmemlc`bdltd  pug`mjcah jhbh J 5=1 ‚ 54. 54. Damjmúl cltdrmhr pcs pcscac cac J 5=1 ‚ =:. `mgrh ad 7 pug`mjcjmhlds cluc`ds ad `hs dstãlacrds ad CZQB vh`. ?1,?7. `mgrh ad : pug`mjcjmhlds cluc`ds ad `hs dstãlacrds ad CZQB vh`. ?1,?3. `mgrh ad

`mgrh ad

1 pug`mjcjmhlds cluc`ds ad `hs dstãlacrds ad CZQB vh`. ?1,?5. 4 pug`mjcjmhlds cluc`ds ad `hs dstãlacrds ad CZQB vh`. 31,?7.

3 © CZQB, mbpu`smúl ad` pudrth ad 3?? Gcrr, Jhlsnhnhjkdl ad` hdstd, _C 3=17>-7=4=, Dstcahs Tlmahs ad` jhpyrment.

6,7,7,3 @cs `hscs sd pudadl prdpcrcr y dlvmcr dlvmcr c htrcs `hjc`mzcjmhlds `hjc`mzcjmhlds  pcrc d` ush. @cs `hscs pudadl sdr sdjcs dlvm dlvmcah cah y sdrãl vud`th c` c`bcjdlcid scturcah ad` ceuc ad jc` dl ``decac ncstc qud dstã ldjdsmtcah. 6,7,7,7 Cltds ad ush, bhid `c rutmlc `c supdrfmjmd prdvmcbdltd prdvmcbdltd bh`mac  pcrc qumtcr juc`qumdr juc`qumdr `cmtcljd, `cmtcljd, cj`crd c fhlah adgcih ad eh`pdjm eh`pdjmth th ad fuljmhlcbmdlth rmdeud, y sdqud `cs `hscs aurcltd `c lhjnd dl 3?4 c 33?¿J (77? c 7:?¿F). @mbpmd `cs `hscs `hscs phr jdpm``cr jdpm``cr vmehrhsh jhl jhl c stmffgrmst`da stmffgrmst`da jdpm``h ad `c fmgrc pcrc qumtcr juc`qumdr pd`âju`c h ph`vh. Jhlamjmúl `cs `hscs dl `cs jhlamjmhlds dstãlacrds pcrc lh lh bdlhs qud 3 aâc y lh bãs ad 5 aâcs. 6,7,: Jrmstc` ad `c p`cjc  pu`mah, j`crh, 347 phr 56 phr 6,: bm`âbdtrhs  phr : phr 3 (6 1 pu`e.).

 

  L L HQD 3 ‑adgmah c d` ndjnh dsd jcrcjtdrâstmjcs candsmvcs ad ul sd``cltd jhbùl sd rd`cjmhlcl jhl `c lcturc`dzc ad` sugstrcth, í` fudrtdbdltd sd rdjhbmdlac dsh smdbprd qud sdc phsmg`d `c prudgc ad `c jãsjcrc sd ncec jhl `hs sugstrcths qud adgdl sdr utm`mzcah dl d` damfmjmh gcih jhlsmadrcjmúl cadbãs h dl `uecr ad sugstrcths dspdjmfmjcahs dspdjmfmjcahs adsjrmths dl 6,7,3, 6,7,7, y 6,7,:. Qc`ds sugstrcths sugstrcths mlj`uyc d` `carm``h, bãrbh`, pmdarc jc`mzc, erclmth, cjdrh mlhxmacg`d, p`ãstmjh, bmlc czu`dih, y htrhs. _hr rczhlds prãjtmjcs `cs ambdlsmhlds ambdlsmhlds ad` dspíjmbdl pudadl dstcr jcbgmcah ad `hs tcbcóhs dstãlacrds prhphrjmhlú d` erudsh ad` sd``cltd rdsths sdeùl `h dspdjmfmjcah.

6,: Qmrcs ad` dspcjmcahr juctrh, ad bcadrc, ad bdtc`, h ad jrmstc` aurh jhbh smeud9 ahs 347 phr 56 phr 6,: bm`âbdtrhs bm`âbdtrhs (6 phr : phr 3 1 cadltrh.)  pcrc  prdpcrcjmúl ad `hs dspdjâbdlds dspdjâbdlds ad `c prudgc dl d` c`ubmlmh y d` d` jrmstc`, y ahs ad `c bmsbc `hlemtua y cljnurc pdrh ad =,: bm`âbdtrhs ( : > cadltrh.) adlscbdltd pcrc  prdpcrcjmúl ad `hs dspdjâbdlds dspdjâbdlds ad `c prudgc dl d` bhrtdrh. 6,1  Gcrrc ad jrmstc` jrmstc` jdrjc ad 37,5 bm`âbdtrhs (3 7 cadltrh.) dl amãbdtrh y c`rdadahr :?4 bm`âbdtrhs bm`âbdtrhs (37 cadltrh.) ad `creh. `creh. 6,4  Cjdrh mlhxmacg`d h Gcrrcs ad jhgrd c cbcrm``h bcrm``h ahs, 3,6 bm`âbdtrhs (3 36 cadltrh.) dl amãbdtrh, jdrjc jdrjc ad :?4 bm`âbdtrhs (37 cadltrh.) ad `creh. 6,6 Jmltc qud dlbcsjcrc  pcpd`, rham``h, 74,1 74,1 bm`âbdtrhs (3 cadltrh.) ad pcr dl pcr. 6,5  D` ercah C ad` pcóh ad` cdrhp`clh 6 / c`cbgrd 5, adsmzda, 1,7> hz/ya, >?/>1 judltc, 6 pdaczhs phr `h bdlhs 35> bm`âbdtrhs (5 cadltrh.) ad `creh y 56 bm`âbdtrhs (: cadltrh.) ad pcr dl dl pcr, h pcóh jhlvdlmdltd jhlvdlmdltd ad` c`cbgrd, c`cbgrd, 5 :?bdsn, ?,741bm`âbdtrh erudsh (3?-bm`). 6,> Jujnm``h ad `c bcsm``c tmdsh, jdrjc ad :> bm`âbdtrhs (3 3 7 cadltrh.) ad pcr dl pcr. 6,= Jujnm``h jhl `c `ãbmlc ceuac ad` bcqumlm``c ad cfdmtcr-tmph. 5. _rudgd @hs Dspdjâbdlds Dspdjâbdlds

 

5,3 Ahs dspdjâbdlds dspdjâbdlds ad `c prudgc prudgc sdrãl prdpcrcahs dl dl d` c`ubmlm c`ubmlmh, h, ahs dl d` bhrtdrh ad` jdbdlth, ahs shgrd d` jrmstc`, y ahs dl jcac ulh ad juc`qumdr htrh bctdrmc`ds ad` sugstrcth dspdjmfmjcahs, usclah `hs prhjdambmdlths smeumdltds9 5,3,3 Jhlamjmhld lh lh bdlhs bdlhs qud 74? e ad sd sd``cltd ``cltd (y sufmjmdltd sufmjmdltd  phrjmúl ad htrhs jhbphldltds, jhbphldltds, sm ul ad vc vcrmhs rmhs jhbphldltds) dl ul jdrrcah dlvcsd pcrc 71 n dl 7: 6 7¿J (5:,1 6 :.6¿F) y 4? 6 4 %ds nubdaca rd`ctmvc. 5,3,7 @mbpmd `cs supdrfmjmds supdrfmjmds ad `c prudgc ad thahs `hs sugstrcths sugstrcths ad` bdtc` y ad` jrmstc` jhl `c jdthlc dtny` bdtâ`mjc h d` sh`vdltd smbm`cr sdeumah phr c `mbpmdzc jumacahsc jhl ulc sh`ujmúl ad` adtdredltd (lhtc 7), ul fmlc` `c cj`crcjmúl jhl ceuc adstm`cac h adsmhlmzcac, y d` cmrd sdjh `mbpmcl `c c`gcóm`drâc dbdred jhl ul jdpm``h tmdsh sdjh ad `c jdrac ad `c fmgrc. 5,3,: Cp`mqud `c jcrtm``c jcrtm``c c `cs ssupdrfmjmds updrfmjmds sdjcs `mbpmcs ad `c prud prudgc gc sh`cbdltd juclah dspdjmfmjcah y prhvmsth phr d` fcgrmjcltd ad` sd``cltd y jhlvdlmah shgrd phr d` jhbprcahr. 5,3,1 _hlec ulc tmrc ad `c jmltc qud dlbcsjcrc 74 bm`âbdtrh bm`âbdtrh (3 cadltrh.) ad pcr dl pcr c trcvís ad `c supdrfmjmd ad `c prudgc ad` sugstrcth ad bhah qud d`  ghrad bãs gcih ad `c jmltc ds pcrc`d`c y phr `h bdlhs bdlhs 56,7 bm`âbdtrhs bm`âbdtrhs (: cadltrh.) ad` bãs gcih  ghrad jhrth ad` sugstrcth sugstrcth (fme. 3 C). 5,3,4 Zdpcrd ulc phrjmúl ad` jhbpudsth jhbpudsth jhlamjm jhlamjmhlcah, hlcah, adspuís smdlah bdzj`cah c fhlah phr 4 bmluths (sm ds ad vcrmhs jhbphldltds), dljmbc `hs 3?7 phr d` 56-bm`âbdtrh (1 jdrjc jdrjc :-dl.) ãrdc, qud mlj`uyd jmltc qud dlbcsjcrc, c ulc prhfulamaca `dvdbdltd bãs ad 3,6 bm`âbdtrhs (3 36 pu`e.), jhbh adbhstrcah dl fme. 3 G 3 G

 

5,3,6 Tlc sh`c pmdzc pmdzc ad` ghrrúl ad trclsfdrdljmc trclsfdrdljmc ad` pcóh jhl d` jhbpudsth c `c ulc tdrbmld shgrd ul ãrdc ad 3?7 phr 56 bm`âbdtrhs (1 phr : pu`e.), fhrzãlah`h dl cbghs `cahs ad` pcóh jhl ul jujnm``h ad `c bcsm``c ncstc d` sd``cltd tmdldl  pdldtrú c fhlah d` pcóh. 5,3,5 _hlec d` pcóh mbprdelcah shgrd `c jjcpc cpc ad` jhbpudsth jhbpudsth y jh`hqud `cs gcrrcs ad` dspcjmcahr ad` erudsh cprhpmcah (vícsd 6,:) dl jcac ulh `cah ad` dspíjmbdl. 5,3,> _hlec 3,6bm`âbdtrh (3 36 - cadltrh.) gcrrc ad` bdtc` `hlemtuamlc`bdltd dl tcpc ad jcac tmrc y dliuecahr ad` dspcjmcahr d` jhbpudsth c 3,6 bm`âbdtrhs (3 36 dl.) adlscbdltd rhaclah `c gcrrc ad jrmstc` jrmstc` shgrd `cs gcrrcs gcrrcs ad` bdtc` (qud jhbmdlzcl ad` dxtrdbh ercgcah), y smbu`tãldcbdltd prdsmhlclah dl d` pcóh y sd``cltd adgcih adgcih ad í`. Ciustd ad dxj dxjdsh dsh ad `c jcltmaca jcltmaca qud ds dxprmbmah ncjmc fudrc (fme. 3 J). 5,3,= Jurd `hs dspdjâbdlds dspdjâbdlds qud jhltmdldl jjhbpudsths hbpudsths ad vcrmhs jhbphldltds 31 aâcs dl 7: 6 7¿J (5:,1 6 :.6¿F). Jurd íshs jhltdldr d` sh`h jhbphldltd jhbphld 73 aâcs jhbh smeud (lhtc :)9 5 aâcs aâcs dl 7: 6 7¿J (5: 6 :.6¿F), 4? 6 4 %ds ad` pcrmdltd nubdaca; 5 aâcs dl :5,> 6 7¿J (3?? 6 :.6¿F) y =4 6 4 %ds nubdaca rd`ctmvc; rd`ctmvc; y fmlc`bdltd fmlc`bdltd 5 aâcs aâcs dl 7: 6 7¿J (5: 6 :.6¿F) y 4? 6 4 %ds ad `c nubdaca rd`ctmvc. 5,3,3? Adspuís ad qud d` dspíjmbdl dspíjmbdl ncyc jurcah phr jdrjc jdrjc ad 5 aâcs, jugrc d` pcóh jhl ulc jcpc ad` jhbpudsth jdrjc ad 3,6 bm`âbdtrhs (3 36 cadltrh.)  pcrc cyuacr adlscbdltd adlscbdltd c rdaujmr rdaujmr c` bâlmbh `c fc`tc fc`tc ad` pcóh (fme. 3 A).

 

5,3,33 Mlbdamctcbdltd adspuís ad` pdrâhah qud jurc jurc jhbp`dth (vícsd 5,3,= y `c lhtc :), ncjdl juctrh jhrtds jhl ulc `ãbmlc ceuac `hlemtuamlc`ds ad` dspíjmbdl, jhrtclah thtc`bdltd c trcvís c `c supdrfmjmd ad` sugstrcth, y qumtc dxjdsh ad bctdrmc` pcrc mrsd ahs 74,1-bm`âbdtrhs (3-dl.) jmltcs cljncs cljncs ad` sd``cltd sd``cltd pcóh-jugm pcóh-jugmdrth drth sdpcrcah phr ul dspcjmh jdrjc ad =,4 bm`âbdtrhs ( : > cadltrh.) ad pcr  dl pcr (fme. 3 D) (5,3,37). @c prdjcujmúl ‑dxtrdbc ad `c prdjcujmúl adgd adgd sdr thbcac dl qumtcr dxjdsh ad` bctdrmc` ad bhah qud d` dl`cjd ad sdc`clt/sugstrctd dl `cs tmrcs ad prudgc lh sd amsturgcl. 5,3,37 Zm sd vc `c candrdljmc ad `c `c jãsjcrc c sdr prhgcac dl d` sugstrcth ad jrmstc` dspdjâbdlds adspuís ad `c dxphsmjmúl u`trcvmh`dtc c trcvís ad` jrmstc`, adspuís ad tdrbmlcr  pcsh 5,3,33 y cltds cltds ad prhjdadr jhl 5,3,3:, `uecr tc`ds dspdjâbdlds jhl `hs rdvdstmbmdlths ad `c supdrfmjmd ad` sd``cltd `dihs ad` fudltd ad `uz dl d` tcbghr ad ulc bãqumlc cjd`drcac ad` adsecstd  phr `c cjjmúl ctbhsfírmjc ctbhsfírmjc jhbh dl `c prãjtmjc dspdjmfmjcah E 7: (vícsd `c adsjrmpjmúl ad` tmph A cpcrcth). Dxphlec `hs dspdjâbdlds dspdjâbdlds c `c rcamcjmúl rcamcjmúl u`trcvmh`dtc  pcrc 7?? n sml d` cdrhsh` ad ceuc y jhltmlùd sdeùl `h mlamjcah mlamjcah dl 5,3,3:. 5,3,3: Mlbdamctcbdltd adspuís ad` pcsh 5,3,33 (dxjdpth sdeùl `h dxp`mjcah dl 5,3,37), subdric thtc`bdltd d` dspíjmbdl dl adstm`cah h ceuc adsmhlmzcac adsmhlmzcac phr 5 aâcs. @hs dspdjâbdlds dspdjâbdlds ad` bhrtdrh shl jh`hjcah dl ul dlvcsd sdpcrcah ad` jrmstc` y ad` c`ubmlmh dspdjâbdlds, phrqud `cs jhlamjmhlds ad` ã`jc`m edldrcrhl c`tcbdltd  phaâc tdldr ul dfdjth dfdjth dl d` jrm jrmstc` stc` y d` c`ubmlmh. c`ubmlmh.  L HQD 7 ‑c pdtmjmúl ad` fcgrmjcltd ad` sd``cltd d` adtdredltd

 

d` pcsh ad `c `mbpmdzc sdrã hbmtmah ad` prhjdambmdlth ad `mbpmdzc dspdjmfmjcah.  L HQD : ‑d` fcgrmjcltd pudad suedrmr htrcs jhlamjmhlds qud jurcl pcrc 6 amsphlmg`d

ad `cghrdc c Ndrbclhs, Mlj., cvdlmac 3753 ad Cbírmjcs, ]hrk ludvc, L]

3??7?. 5 amsphlmg`d ad Qdtkh Mlj., cvdlmac ad` sur ad `c bhltcóc :::, sdóhrâh ad Grmcrj`mff, L] 3?43?. Qcbgmíl amsphlmg`d amsphlmg`d ad `c fudltd Jh., _.H. Ghx 1:44, Jnmjceh Jnmjceh,, M@ ad BjBcstdr Jcrr 6?6>?.

J 5=1 7

`hs sd``cltds ad` sh`h-jhbphldltd sh`h-jhbphldltd qud pudadl sdr utm`mzcahs prhphrjmhlcrhl9 (c) d` tmdbph qud jurc lh dxjdad 73 aâcs, y (g) `c tdbpdrcturc lh dxjdad 4?¿J (377¿F).

FME. 3 dtcpcs dl `c prdpcrcjmúl ad` dspíjmbdl ad `c prudgc ad Candsmhl-ml_dd`

>. _rhjdambmdlth >,3 Mlbdamctcbdltd Mlbdamctcbdltd adspuís ad `c mlbdrsmúl ad `hs 5 aâcs, aâcs, prdpãrdsd d` dspíjmbdl pcrc prhgcr `mbpmãlah`c sdjc, `clzclah d` sd``cltd ad `c jmltc shjcvclah d` sd``cltd 37,5 bm`âbdtrh (3 7 cadltrh.) y adicr ul 6:,4-bm`âbdtrh (7 3 7 - cadltrh.) `hlemtua candrmac c` sugstrcth.

 

>,7 _hlec d` dspíjmbdl dspíjmbdl dl `c bãqumlc bãqumlc ad prudgc y pd`d  pcrtd phstdrmhrc ad` pcóh dl ãleu`h ad 3>?¿ dl ul âlamjd ad `c sdpcrcjmúl ad 4?,> bm`âbdtrh (7 ml.)/bml ml.)/bml (fme. 7). _d`d d` sd``cltd sd``cltd phr jdrjc ad 3 bmluth y rdemstrd `c fudrzc bdamc dl `hs lduthlmhs (h `c `mgrc-fudrzc) mlamjcahs  phr `c jcrtc ad` ad` amc` h ad `c ercgcjmúl ad `c bãqumlc. Zm d` pcóh `cs jãsjcrcs jãsjcrcs `mbpmcl ad` sd``cltd, sd``cltd, adsctmdladl adsctmdladl `hs vc`hrds. Dl tc`ds `hs jcshs, shjcvcrhl d` jhbpudsth jhl ulc `ãbmlc ceuac c  prhauzjc `c sdpcrcjmúl sdpcrcjmúl dl d` mltdrfcz mltdrfcz c `c supd supdrfmjmd rfmjmd ad `c prudgc prudgc y jhltmlùd `c prudgc. >,: _rudgd juctrh tmrcs tmrcs pcrc jcac ulh ad `hs bctdrmc`ds bctdrmc`ds ad` sugstrct sugstrcth h dspdjmfmjcah. =. Mlfhrbd =,3 Amvu`eud `c mlfhrbcjmúl smeumdltd smeumdltd pcrc jjcac cac budstrc  prhgcah9 =,3,3 Madltmfmjcjmúl ad `c budstrc. =,3,7 Madltmfmjcjmúl ad` ad` tmph ad sd``cltd, tc` tc` jhbh sh`h sh`h h ad vcrmhs jhbphldltds, jh`hr, dtj. =,3,: fudrzc bdamc ad `c jãsjcrc dl lduthlmhs (h `mgrc-fudrzc)  pcrc `cs juctrh tmrcs prhgcacs dl jjcac cac sugstrcth. =,3,1 @c píramac ad` phrjdltcid phrjdltcid dl dl`cjd dl`cjd y jhndsmúl jhndsmúl pcrc jcac ulh `c tmrc prhgú. =,3,4 Juc`qumdr mlamjcjmúl mlamjcjmúl ad ``cc fc`tc ad` pcóh. =,3,6 Vcrmcjmúl, sm `c ncy, ad` b bíthah íthah ad prudgc ds dspdjmfmjcah. pdjmfmjcah. 3?. _rdjmsmúl y amcehlc` 3?,3 dstuamhs ad` Wdahlah-rhula-rhgml ad `c prudgc ad `c jãsjcrc jhlaujmac jdrjc bmdbgrhs ad` jhbmtí J-71 ad CZQB csâ jhbh phr mlamvmauh `hs bmdbgrhs ad `c mlaustrmc ad` sd``cltd mlamjcl qud `cs prudgcs ad `c jãsjcrc nmjmdrhl dl ulc budstrc ad` sd``cltd jhl ul sugstrcth dspdjmfmjcah phr ul sh`h d` hpdrcahr dl ul sh`h `cghrcthrmh pudad rdlamr c ulc ecbc ad vc`hrds dsh

 

vcrâd phr 6 3? c 6 7? %ds ad` vc`hr bdamh. 3?,7 @c ecbc ad `hs vc`hrds vc`hrds qud sd pudadl dljhltrcr dljhltrcr juclah jãsjcrc `cs prudgcs shl rdc`mzcacs phr vcrmhs `cghrcthrmhs dl d` bmsbh sd``cltd `c budstrc jhl d` bmsbh sugstrcth ds jhbùlbdltd 6 6? %ds ad` d` vc`hr bdamh y ds c bdluah 6 3?? %ds. `c rczúl ad dsth dltrd `cghrcthrmhs `c vcrmcjmúl thacvâc lh sd nc adtdrbmlcah. 33. _c`cgrcs j`cvds 33,3 candrdljmc-dl-pd`cl; candrdljmc-dl-pd`cl; sd``cltd jhbùl jhbùl d`csthbdrmj; d`csthbdrmj; u`trcvmh`dt u`trcvmh`dtcc dxphsmjmúl; mlbdrsmúl ad` ceuc

FME. 7 bãqumlc ad `c dxtdlsmúl uscac dl `c prudgc ad Candsmhl-ml-_dd`

J 5=1 : @c shjmdaca cbdrmjclc pcrc prhgcr y `hs bctdrmc`ds lh thbc lmleulc phsmjmúl qud rdspdtc `c vc`madz ad `cs lmleulcs adrdjncs ad pctdltd cfmrbcacs dl `c jhldxmúl jhl juc`qumdr crtâju`h bdljmhlcah dl dstd dstãlacr. Cjhlsdicl `hs usucrmhs ad dstd dstãlacr dxprdsh qud adtdrbmlcjmúl ad `c vc`madz ad juc`qumdr

 

`cs adrdjncs ad pctdltd, y d` rmdseh ad `c mlfrcjjmúl ad `cs tc`ds adrdjncs, shl dltdrcbdltd su prhpmc rdsphlscgm`maca. Dstd dstãlacr dstã jhlfhrbd c `c rdvmsmúl dl juc`qumdr bhbdlth phr d` jhbmtí tíjlmjh rdsphlscg`d y sd adgd rdpcscr jcac jmljh cóhs y sm lh rdvmscah, juc`qumdrc rdcpprhvda h rdtmrcah. Zus jhbdltcrmhs sd mlvmtcl pcrc `c rdvmsmúl ad dstd dstãlacr h pcrc `hs dstãlacrds camjmhlc`ds y adgd sdr trctcah c `cs idfcturcs ad CZQB. Zus jhbdltcrmhs rdjmgmrãl `c jhlsmadrcjmúl jumacahsc dl ulc rdulmúl ad` rdsphlscg`d jhbmtí tíjlmjh, c qud ustda pudad ctdladr. Zm ustda sd smdltd qud sus jhbdltcrmhs lh ncl rdjmgmah ulc cuamdljmc iustc ustda adgd ncjdr su vmsmúlds scgmacs c` jhbmtí ad CZQB shgrd dstãlacrds, dl `c amrdjjmúl adbhstrcac cgcih. Dstd dstãlacr ds jhpyrmentda phr CZQB, mbpu`smúl ad` pudrth ad 3?? Gcrr, jcic J5??, Jhlsnhnhjkdl ad` hdstd, _C 3=17>-7=4=, Dstcahs Tlmahs ad` _H. @cs rdmbprdsmhlds ad` mlamvmauh (jhpmcs sh`cs h bù`tmp`ds) ad dstd dstãlacr sd pudadl hgtdldr phr CZQB qud dltrc dl jhltcjth jhl dl `c amrdjjmúl cltdamjnc h dl 63?->:7-=4>4 (td`ífhlh), 63?->:7-=444 (fcx), h sdrvmjdOcstb.hre sdrvmjdOcstb. hre (D-bcm`); h c trcvís ad` wdgsmtd ad CZQB (www.cstb.hre).