Astm C142 97

 

Mbsfc`defõ`; DU]L E 4=? - 63  Dlbrfed` Dssiefdtfi` Utdtb Jfcjwdy d`m ]rd`spirtdtfi` Iaafefdhs Utd`mdrm  DDUJ]I @» ] 44? 44?

Lætimi mb B`sdyi @irldhfzdmi pdrd mbtbrlf`dr tbrri`bs mb drefhhd y pdrtìeuhds mbslb`uzdohbs b` his ärfmis 4 Bstd `irld jd sfmi bmftdmd ei` hd mbsfc`defõ` E 4=?7 bh `ûlbri qub sfcub f`lbmfdtdlb`tb d hd mbsfc`defõ` sbôdhd su dôi mb dmipefõ` irfcf`dh i, b` edsi mb mb rbvfsfõ`, bh dôi mb hd ûhtfld rbvfsfõ`. R` `ûlbri b` pdræ`tbsfs f`mfed bh dôi dôi mb hd ûhtfld dpriodefõ`. R`d hbtrd bpsfhi` b` supbrì`mfeb (β) sbôdhd u` edlofi bmftirfdh mbsmb hd ûhtfld rbvfsfõ` rbvf sfõ` i dpriodefõ`.

4. Dh Dhed` ed`ebs ebs 4.4 4.4 Bs Bstb tb læti lætim mi mb b`sd b`sdyi yi f`t f`tb` b`td td mb mbtb tbrl rlf` f`dr dr b` airld dprixfldmd his tbrri`bs mb drefhhd y hds pdrtìeuhds mbslb`uzdohbs prbsb`tbs b` his ärfmis. 4.? His His vdh dhir irb bs bstd stdohbe hbefmis mis b` u`fmd fmdmbs mbh UF ei`stftuyb` hd `irld. His vdhirbs vdhirbs b`trb pdr pdræ`tbsfs æ`tbsfs sb b`trbcd` sõhi d limi mb f`airldefõ`. 4.5 Bst Bstd d `i `irl rld d `i sb rrbaf bafbr brb b d ttim imds ds hds hds l lbmf bmfmd mds s mb sbcurfmdm sbcurfmd m sf hds juofbrd juofbrd,, dsiefdmds ei` su usi. usi. Bs mb rb rbsp spi` i`sd sdof ofhf hfmd mdm m mbh mbh us usud udrf rfi i mb bs bstd tds s `irl `irlds ds bh  bstdo bst dohbe hbebr br hds lbmfm lbmfmds ds y präet präetfed feds s mb sbc sbcur urfmd fmdm m y  sdhum pbrsi`dh `bebsdrfds y mbtbrlf`dr hd dphfedefõ` mb hds hflftdefi`bs rbchdlb`tdrfds ei` d`tbrfirfmdm d su usi. ?. Mieulb`tis Mieulb`tis mb rbabrb`e rbabrb`efd fd ?.4 @irlds DU]L ; E 55 Bspbefafe Bspbefafedefi defi`bs `bs pdrd pdrd his ärfmis ärfmis mbh ji jirlfc rlfcõ`. õ`. ? E 44 443 3 Lætimi mb b`sdyi pdrd mbtbrlf`dr hd ed`tfmdm mb ldtbrfdh läs af`i qub bh tdlfz mb 32 ²l (@» ?>>) mb his ärfmis lf`brdhbs pir bh lætimi mb hdvdmi.  ? E 4?2 4?2 ]brlf`ihic rlf`ihicìd ìd rbhd rbhdefi` efi`dmd dmd ei` bh jir jirlfcõ lfcõ` ` y  ? ärfmis pdrd bh jirlfcõ`. E 4>>2 Bspbefafedefi`bs pdrd hds ldsds mb rbabrb`efd y dpdrdtis pdrd mbtbrlf`dr hd ldsd pdrd su usi b` b`sdyis aìsfeis mb his eblb`tis jfmräuhfeis.  5 B 44 Bspb Bspbefafe efafedefi defi`bs `bs pdrd pdrd his tdlfebs tdlfebs mb ldh ldhhd hd pdr pdrd d af`bs mb b`sdyi. = 5. Ufc`fafedmi y usi 5.4 5.4 Bs Bstb tb læ læti timi mi mb b` b`sd sdyi yi bs flpi flpirt rtd` d`tb tb pd pdrd rd mbtbrlf`dr mbtbrlf` dr hd debptdefõ` mb his ärfmis ei` rbspbeti d his rbqufsftis bstdohbefmis b` hds Bspbefafedefi`bs E 55.

----------------------------4 Bst Bstb b lætimi lætimi mb b`sdyi b`sdyi sb b`eub` b`eub`trd trd odki hd kurfsm kurfsmfeef feefõ` õ` mbh Eilftæ E-6 mb hd DU]L siorb Jirlfcõ` y Drfmis pdrd jirlfcõ` y bs mb rbspi`sdofhfmdm rbspi`sdofhfmdm mfrbetd mbh Uuoeil Uuoeilftæ ftæ E>6.? E>6.?> > siorb Drfmis Drfmis mb pbsi `irldh. Hd prbsb`tb bmfefõ` aub dpriodmd ei` abejd 4> mb dcisti mb 4663. ^uohfedmd b` ietuorb mb 466:. Irfcf`dhlb`tb puohfedmd eili E 4=? 4=? - 5:]. Hd bmfefõ` d`tbrfir bs E 4=? - 3: (466>). (466>). ? D`udrfi mb `irlds DU]L,  Qih. >=.>?. 5 D`udrfi mb `irlds DU]L,  Qih. >=.>4. = D`udrfi mb `irlds DU]L,  Qih. 4=.>?. Eipyrfcjt © DU]L, 4>> Odrr Jdroir Mrfvb, Sbst Ei`sjijiegb`, ^ ^D D 46=?:-?626, R`ftbm Utdtbs.

=. Dpdrdtis =.4Odhd`zd =.4 Odhd`zd   - R`d odh dhd d`zd i pbs bsd d ei ei` ` u`d prbefsfõ` mbh >,4% mb hd ldsd mb hd lubstrd mb b`sdyi b`sd yi b` eudhqufb eudhqufbrr pu`ti pu`ti mb`tri mb`tri mbh rd`ci rd`ci mb usi. Hds odhd`zds odhd`zds mbob` eulphfr eulphfr ei` hd prbefsfõ` prbefsfõ` bstdohbefmd b` hds Bspbefafedefi`bs E 4>>2. =.? _befpfb`tb _befpfb`tb  - _befpfb`tbs d`tfeirrisfvis mbh tdldôi y airld dmbeudmis qub pbrlftd` bxtb`mbr  hd lubstrd b` u`d mbhcdmd edpd siorb hd odsb. =.5 ]dlfebs   - ]dlfe ]dlfebs feb bs ei ei`a `ai irlb d hd hds s Bspbefafedefi`bs B 44. =.= Jir`i mb sbedmi sbedmi - R` jir`i privfsti ei` efre efreuh uhde defõ fõ` ` mb df dfrb rb,, edpd edpdz z mb ld`t ld`tb` b`br br u` u`d d tblpbrdturd mb 44>» ´ 2»E (?5> ´ 6»A). 2. Lubstrds 2.4 2.4 Hi His s ärf ärfmi mis s pdr pdrd d bst bstb b læt lætim imi i mb mb b`s b`sdy dyi i hhi i ei`stf ei` stftuy tuyb b bh ldtbr ldtbrfdh fdh qub qub qu qubm bmd d mbspu mbspuæs æs mb eilphbtdr bh b`sdyi mb deubrmi ei` bh Lætimi mb B`sdyi E 443. 443. ^drd pripirefi`dr pripirefi`dr hds hds ed`tfmdmbs ed`tfmdmbs ld`fabstdmds b` his pu`tis 2.5 y 2.= pubmb sbr  `bebs `bebsdr drfi fi eilof eilof`dr `dr bh ldtbr ldtbrfdh fdh mb läs läs mb u` b`sdyi lbmfd`tb bh Lætimi mb B`sdyi E 443. 2.? Ubq Ubqub his his ärf ärfmis jd jdst std d ld ldsd ei ei`st std d`t `tb b d u`d tblpbrdturd mb 44>» ´ 2»E (?5> ´ 6»A). 2.5 Hd lubs lubstr trd d mb b` b`sdyi dyi mb hi his s ärf ärfmis af` af`is mbob mbob bstdr bstdr air airld ldmd md pi pirr pd pdrtì rtìeuh euhds ds ldyir ldyirbs bs dh tdlfz mb 4,4: ll (@» 41) y tb`br u`d ldsd `i lb`ir mb ?2 c. 2.= 2.= Ubpd Ubpdrb rb hd hds s lub lubst strd rds s mb mb ärf ärfmi mis s cru crubs bsis is b` mfabrb`tbs tdldôis, usd`mi his sfcufb`tbs tdlfebs; =,32ll (@» =), 6,2ll (5/: puhc), 46,> ll (5/= puhc) puhc) y 53,2 53,2 ll (44 (44/? puhc) puhc).. Hd lubs lubstrd trd mb b`sd b`sdyi yi mb mbob ob tb tb`b `brr u` u`d d ldsd ldsd `i f` f`ab abrf rfir ir d hd sbôdhdmd b` hd sfcufb`tb tdohd;

]dldôi mb pdrtìeuhds qub ei`airld` hd lubstrd mb b`sdyi =,32 d 6,2 ll (@» = d 5/:") 6,2 d 46 ll (5/: d 5/=") 46 d 53,2 ll (5/= d 4 4/=") Uiorb 53,2 (4 4/?")

Ldsd mb hd lubstrd mb b`sdyi, lì`fli, c. 4>>> ?>>> 5>>> 2>>>

 

 DU]L E 4=?   2.2 2.2 B` edsi edsi mb lbzeh bzehd d mb mb ä ärf rfm mis af`i af`is syc cru rubs bsis is,, sbpdrb bh ldtbrfdh b` u` tdlfz mb =,32 ll (@» =) y prbpdrb hds lubstrds mb ärfmis af`is y crubsis mb deubrmi ei` his pu`tis 2.5 y 2.=. 1. ^riebmflfb`ti 1.4 Mbtbrlf`b hd ldsd mb hd lubstrd mb b`sdyi jdstd hd prbe prbefs fsfõ fõ` ` lb`e lb`efi fi`d `dmd md b` =.4 =.4 y bs bspd pdrz rzd d u` u`d d mbhcdmd siorb hd odsb mbh rbefpfb`tb, ei` dcudedpd mbstfhdmd y mækbhd sulbrcfmd pir u` eûordhd pbrfimi mb ? ?= = ´  = jirds. jirds. Dprfbtb Dprfbtb y d dldsb ldsb hd hds s pdrt pdrtìeuhd ìeuhds s f`mfvfmudhlb`tb f`mfvfmudh lb`tb b`trb bh puhcdr y bh ì`mfeb trdtd`mi mb mbsl slb` b`uz uzd dr hd hds s pdr pdrtìe tìeuh uhd ds b` tdld tdldôi ôis s läs pb pbqu qubô bôis is.. @i usb hds uôds uôds pd pdrd rd mbs mbsjd jdeb ebrr hds hds pdrtìeuhds, `f hds prbsfi`b ei`trd u`d supbrafefb murd `f b`trb bhhds. bhhds. Ehdsfafqu Ehdsfafqub b hds pdrtìeu pdrtìeuhds hds qub pubmb` pubmb` sbr ritds ei` his mbmis b` af`is sbpdrdohbs lbmfd`tb tdlfzd tdl fzdmi mi jûlbm jûlbmi, i, eili eili his tbr tbrri ri`bs `bs mb drefh drefhhd hd i pdrtìeuhds mbslb`uzd mbslb`uzdohbs. ohbs. Mbspuæs mb mbslb`uz mbslb`uzdr  dr  timis timi s his tbrri`b tbrri`bs s mb drefhhd drefhhd pdhpdohb pdhpdohbs s y pdr pdrtìeuh tìeuhds ds mbslb`uzdohbs, sbpdrb his mbsbejis mbh rbsti mb hd lubstrd pir tdlfzdmi jûlbmi siorb bh tdlfz mbserfti b` hd tdohd sfcufb`tb; ]dldôi mbhd pdrtìeuhds ei`airld` lubstrd qub

 Drfmi af`i (rbtb`fm (rbtb`fmi i b` bh tdlfz mb 4,4: ll (@»41)) =,32 d 6,2 ll (tdlfz @» = d 5/:") 6,2 d 46 ll (5/: d 5/=") 46 d 53, 53,2 2l ll l (5/ (5/= = d 4 4/ 4/?" ?")) Uiorb 53,2 ll (4 4/?")

]dldôi ]d ldôi mbh tdlfz pdrd rblivbr his rbsfmuis mb drefhhd y pdrtìeuhds mbslb`uzdohbs :2> ²l (@»?>) ?,51 ll(@»:)

=,32 ll (@» =) =,3 =,32 ll ll (@» (@» =) =,32 ll (@» =)

_bdhfeb bh tdlfzdmi jûlbmi pdsd`mi dcud siorb hd lubstrd d trdvæs mbh tdlfz lfb`trd trds dcftd ld`udhlb`tb tdlfz, qub timi bh ldtbrfdh mb lb`ir tdldôi bh jdyd sfmijdstd rbtfrdmi. 1.? _btfrb eufmdmisdlb`tb hds pdrtìeuhds rbtb`fmds b` bh tdlfz, sbqub d ldsd ei`std`tb d u`d tblpbrdturd mb 44>» ´ 2»E (?5> ´ 6»A), mbkb b`arfdr y mbtbrlf`b hd ldsd ld sd dp dpri rixf xflä lä`m `mih ihd d dh >, >,4% 4% mb hd ldsd ldsd mb hd lubstrd mb b`sdyi, eili sb mbaf`b b` his pu`tis 2.5 õ 2.=.

3. Eäheuhis 3.4 Edhe Edheu uhb bh pir pire eb`t `td dkb mb tbr tbrrri`bs m mb b d drrefhh efhhd d y mb hds pdrtìeuhds mbslb`uzdohbs mb his ärfmis af`is i mb his tdldôis f`mfvfmudhbs mb his ärfmis crubsis, mb hd sfcufb`tb ld`brd;

^ < W (L - _) /L \  x 4>>

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Mi`mb; ^ < pireb`tdkb mb tbrri`bs mb drefhhd y mb pdrtìeuhds mbslb`uzdohbs L  <  < ldsd mb hd lubstrd mb b`sdyi (pdrd his ärfmis af`is bs hd ldsd mb hd pirefõ` läs crubsd qub bh tdlfz mb 4,4: ll (@» 41), eili sb mbserfob b` 2.5), y _   < ld ldsd sd tdlfz mb hd hds s pd pdrhi rtì tìeu euhd hds s rbtb rbtb`f `fmd mds s b` mbtbrlf`dmi eili mbtbrlf`d bh pu`ti 1.?.u` 3.? ^drd hhi is är ärfmis cr crubsis, b bhh pi pireb`tdkb mb mb tbrri`bs mb drefhhd y mb pdrtìeuhds mbslb`uzdohbs mbob sbr u` prilbmfi odsdmi b` bh pireb`tdkb mb tbrri`bs mb drefhhd y mb pdrtìeuhds mbslb`uzdohbs rbtb`fmi b` edmd tdlfz, pbsdmi mb deubrmi ei` hd crd`uh crd `uhilbt ilbtrìd rìd mb hd lubstrd lubstrd irfcf`dh irfcf`dh d`tbs mb hd sbpdrd sbp drdefõ` efõ` i, mb prbabrb prbabrb`efd `efd,, bh prilbmf prilbmfi i mb hds crd`uhilbtrìds mb hd privfsfõ` rbprbsb`tdmd pir hd lubstrd. B` edsi mb qub bh ei`tb`fmi mb ärfmis sbd lb`i lb `irr dh 2% mb eu eudh dhqu qufb fbrd rd mb hi his s td tdld ldôi ôis s bspbe bspbefaf fafedm edmis is b` 1. 1.4, 4, bsb tdldô tdldôi i `i mb mbob ob sbr  b`sdy b`sdydm dmi. i. Uf` blodrc blodrci, i, pdrd edheuhd edheuhdrr bh pbsi prilbmfi mbob ei`sfmbrdrsb eili qub ei`tfb`b bh lfsl lfsli i pi pire reb` b`td tdkb kb mb tb tbrr rri` i`bs bs mb dr dref efhh hhd d y mb pdrtìeuhds mbslb`uzdohbs qub bh sfcufb`tb tdldôi läs pbqubôi i läs crd`mb, bh qub sbd. :. ^rbefsfõ` y sbsci :.4 ^rbefsfõ`2  - Bh eäheu eäheuhi hi mb pr prbef befsfõ sfõ` ` mb bstb bstb lætimi mb b`sdyi bs privfsirfi y sb odsd b` hds lubstrds mb u` ärfmi af`i qub aub b`sdydmi pir mfbz ipb pbrrdm dmir irbs bs mf mfst stf` f`ti tis s b` `u `ubv bvb b hd hdoi oird rdti tirf rfis is mfabrb`tbs. mfabrb`tb s. ^ir bkblphi, bkblphi, bh "pireb`tdkb "pireb`tdkb mb tbrri`bs tbrri`bs mb drefhhd y pdrtìeuhds mbslb`uzdohbs" prilbmfi b` his ärfmis aub mb 4,?%, y hd mbsvfdefõ` bstä`mdr aub mb >,1%. >,1%. B` odsb d bstd mbsvfd mbsvfdefõ` efõ` bstä`m bstä`mdr dr,, bh rd`ci rd` ci debptdo debptdohb hb mb mis rbsuhtdm rbsuhtdmis is mb lubstrd lubstrds s tildm tildmds ds mb mbhh lfsli lfsli är ärfmi fmi b` b`vfd vfdmds mds d mfa mfabr brb` b`tbs tbs hdoirdtirfis bs mb 4,3%. :.? Ubsci - Eili Eili `i bx bxfs fstb tb u` ldtb ldtbrf rfdh dh mb rbabrb`efd debptdohb pdrd mbtbrlf`dr bh sbsci pdrd bh priebmflfb`ti mb bstb lætimi mb b`sdyi, `i sb mdrä f`airldefõ` dh rbspbeti. 6. ^dhdords ehdvb 6.4 ärfmis7 tbrri`bs mbslb`uzdohbs

mb

drefhhd7

pdrtìeuhds

----------------------------2   B` hds iafef`ds mb hd DU]L sb b`eub`trd bh f`airlb mb bstd f`vbstfcdefõ`. Uihfeftb __; E>6-4>41.

?

 

 DU]L E 4=? Hd Dlbrfed` Uiefbty air ]bstf`c d`m Ldtbrfdhs `i tfb`b `f`cu`d pisfefõ` arb`tb d hd vdhfmbz mb eudhqufbr mbrbeji mb  pdtb`tb rbhdefi`dmi ei` eudhqufbrd mb his pu`tis lb`efi`dmis b` bstd `irld. D his usudrfis mb bstd `irld sb hbs dmvfbrtb bxprbsdlb`tb qub hd mbtbrlf`defõ` mb hd vdhfmbz mb eudhqufbrd mb bsis mbrbejis pdtb`tdmis, y bh  rfbsci mb f`arf`cfr bsis mbrbejis, si` mb su b`tbrd rbspi`sdofhfmdm. Bstd `irld pimrä sbr silbtfmd d rbvfsfõ` b` eudhqufbr lilb`ti pir bh eilftæ tæe`fei rbspi`sdohb y mbobrä sbr  rbvfsdmd rbvfsd md edmd ef`ei dôis y, b` edsi mb `i sbr rbvfsdmd, rbvfsdmd, sbrä rbdpriodmd rbdpriodmd i rbviedm rbviedmd. d. Hd DU]L hb f`vftd d bxprbsdr sus eilb`tdrfis yd sbd pdrd hd rbvfsfõ` mb bstd `irld i pdrd itrds `irlds dmfefi`dhbs, his qub mbobrä` mfrfcfrsb mfrfcf rsb d hds Iafef`ds Eb`trdh Eb`trdhbs bs mb hd DU]L. Uus eilb`tdr eilb`tdrfis fis sbrä` bstumfdmi bstumfdmis s eufmdmisdl eufmdmisdlb`tb b`tb murd`tb murd`tb u`d rbu`fõ` mbh eilftæ tæe`fei rbspi`sdohb, d hd qub ustbm pimrä dsfstfr. B` edsi mb qub ustbm b`eub`trb qub sus eilb`tdrfis `i aubri` dtb`mfmis dmbeudmdlb`tb, pubmb prbsb`tdr sus ei`sfmbrdefi`bs dh Eilftæ mb @irlds mb hd DU]L, b` hd mfrbeefõ` sbôdhdmd läs dmbhd`tb. His mbrbejis mb bstd `irld sb b`eub`trd` rbsbrvdmis pir hd DU]L, 4>> Odrr Jdroir Mrfvb, ^I Oix E3>>, Sbst  Ei`sjijiegb`, ^D 46=?:-?626, R`ftbm Utdtbs. Ub pubmb iotb`br rbflprbsfi`bs (eipfds û`feds i l lûhtfphbs) ûhtfphbs) mb bst bstd d `ir `irld ld b` hd mfrbeefõ` mfrbeefõ` lb`efi` lb`efi`dmd dmd i b` bh ai`i ai`i 14>-:5 14>-:5?-6 ?-62:2 2:2,, b` bh adx 14>-:5? 14>-:5?-62 -6222, 22, b` bh b-ldfh  b-ldfh  sbrvfebNdstl.irc  i ofb` bh sftfi s ftfi wbo mb hd DU]L (www.dstl.irc).

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