Designation: C126 − 16
Standard Specification for
Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay Facing Tile, Facing Brick, and Solid Masonry Units1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation C126; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revis original revision, ion, the year of last revision. revision. A number in paren parenthese thesess indicates the year of last reappr reapproval. oval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound inch-pound units units are to be regard regarded ed as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1. Sco Scope* pe* 1.1 This specifi specification cation covers struct structural ural clay loadload-bearin bearing g facing tile and facing brick and other “solid masonry units” made from clay, shale, fire-clay, or mixtures thereof, with or without the addition of grog or other mixtures, having a finish cons co nsis istin ting g of a ce cera rami micc gl glaz azee fu fuse sed d to th thee bo body dy at ab abov ovee 1500°F (655°C) making them inseparable, excluding natural salt-glazed ware. Two grades, based on permissible variation in face dimensions, and two types are covered, as follows: 1.1.1 Grade S (select), for use with comparatively narrow
1.6 The following following precautionary precautionary caveat caveat pertains only to the test portion (Section 11.2 (Section 11.2)) of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated assoc iated with its use. It is the responsibil responsibility ity of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applic applicability ability of reg regulato ulatory ry limitat limitations ions prior
mortar joints joints.. 1.1.2 Grade SS (select sized or ground ground edge), for use where variation of face dimension must be very small. 1.1.3 Type I (single-faced units), for general use where only one finished face will be exposed. 1.1.4 Type II (two-faced units), for use where two opposite finished faces will be exposed.
to use.
2. Referenc Referenced ed Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:2 C67 Test Met C67 Method hodss for Samp Samplin ling g and Testi esting ng Bric Brick k and Structural Clay Tile C1232 Terminology C1232 Terminology of Masonry E84 Test Met E84 Method hod for Sur Surfac facee Bur Burnin ning g Char Characte acteris ristics tics of Building Materials E2105 Practice E2105 Practice for General Techniques of Thermogravimetric An Analy alysi siss (T (TGA GA)) Co Coup upled led With In Infr frar ared ed An Analy alysi siss (TGA/IR) 2.2 National Fire Protection Association Standard:3 NFPA No. 255 Test 255 Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
1.2 The property property requirements requirements of this specification specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick and tile extr extracte acted d fro from m mas masonr onry y str structu uctures res for det determ ermini ining ng conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section 5) of th this is st stan anda dard rd is be beyo yond nd th thee sc scop opee of th this is specification. 1.3 Bri Brick ck and tile cov covere ered d by this spe specifi cificati cation on are man manuufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond bo nd be betw tween een th thee pa part rticu icula late te co cons nstit titue uent ntss to pr prov ovid idee th thee strength requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired bond in Terminology C1232 Terminology C1232..)
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2.3 Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Standard: UL No. 723 Flammability Studies of Cellular Plastics and other Building Materials used for Interior Finishes 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions— For For definitions relating to ceramic glazed structura struct urall clay fac facing ing tile tile,, fac facing ing bri brick, ck, and sol solid id maso masonry nry units, refer to Terminology C1232 Terminology C1232..
1.4 The text of this standa standard rd references references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
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This specification specification is under the juris jurisdictio diction n of ASTM Committee Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct respo Manufactured responsibil nsibility ity of Subco Subcommitte mmitteee C15.02 on C15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile. Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approved in 193 1936. 6. Las Lastt pre previo vious us edi editio tion n app approv roved ed in 201 2015 5 as C12 C126 6 – 15. 15. DOI DOI:: 10. 10.152 1520/ 0/
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at
[email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 3 Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org. 4 Availa vailable ble from Unde Underwri rwriters ters Lab Laborato oratories ries (UL) (UL),, 333 Pfin Pfingste gsten n Rd.,
C0126-16.
Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http://www.ul.com.
1
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C126 − 16
4. Orde Ordering ring Information Information
7. Fini Finish sh and Appearance Appearance
4.1 Order Orderss for material under this specification specification shall include the following information: 4.1.1 Grade— When When the grade is not specified, the requirements for Grade S shall govern. 4.1.2 Type— When W hen the type is not specified, specified, the req requir uireements for Type I shall govern. 4.1.3 Sizes Sizes and Sha Shapes pes— — The T he siz sizes es an and d sh shap apes es sh shall all be specified in accordance with Section 6.1 6.1..
7.1 The body of the uni units ts shall be fre freee of cracks cracks or other imperfections which would impair the strength or durability of the masonry.
4.1.4 Color and Texture of Finish— The The color and texture of the finish shall be specified in accordance with Section 7.6 7.6.. 4.1.5 Back Surfa Unless otherwise specifi specified, ed, smooth smooth,, Surfaces— ces— Unless scored sco red,, com combed bed,, or rou roughe ghened ned ung unglaze lazed d bac backs ks and smo smooth oth unselected glazed backs or a mixture thereof, are furnished. When Wh en pl plas aster ter is to be ap appl plied ied,, th thee ba back ck su surf rfac acee sh shall all be specified in accordance with Section 7.5 7.5.. 4.1.6 Coring— Unless Unless otherwise specified, either standard or special duty units as prescribed in Section 10 10 are furnished. 4.1.7 Opacity— Where W here ceramic glazed units are not specified as opaque, they need not meet the requirements for opacity prescribed prescr ibed in in 7.4.2 7.4.2.. 4.1.8 Exterior Exterior Use— Wher W heree ce cera ramic mic gl glaz azed ed un units its ar aree re re-quired for exterior use, the manufacturers shall be consulted for material suitable for this purpose.
finished faces of shapes) that will be exposed when in place shall be covered with a ceramic glaze of uniform quality. The glaze shall be free of chips, crazes, blisters, crawling, or other imperfections detracting from the appearance of the finished wall wa ll wh when en vi view ewed ed fr from om a di dist stan ance ce of 5 ft (1 (1.5 .52 2 m) un unde derr diffused lighting at right angles from the wall.
NOTE 1—The requirements included in this specification do not cover minimum criteria for durability of units exposed to exterior environments.
7.4 Properties of Glaze: 7.4.1 Imperviousness— After A fter the imp imperv erviou iousne sness ss test test,, no stain seen from a distance of 5 ft (1.5 m) shall remain on or bene be neat ath h th thee su surf rfac ace, e, ex exce cept pt a sli sligh ghtt di disc scol olor orat atio ion n in th thee depressions on matt, stippled, or mottled finishes. 7.4.2 Opacity— Where W here opacity of finish is desired and so specified, discoloration of the body shall not be visible through the glaze in the opacity test. Clear ceramic glazes and special decorative glazes shall not be required to meet this requirement. 7.4.3 Resistance to Fading— The The color of the glaze shall not change in the chemical resistance test. Finishes of metallic or special spe cial decorativ decorativee gla glazes zes sha shall ll not be req requir uired ed to meet this requirement. 7.4.4 Resistan Resistance ce to Cra Crazin zing— g— Th Thee gl glaze aze sh shall all no nott cr craz aze, e, spall, or crack when subjected to one cycle of autoclaving in the crazing test. 7.4.5 Flame Spread Index (FSI) and Smoke Density Index (SDI)— Body Body and fini finish sh sha shall ll wit withst hstand and tem temper peratu atures res up to 1900°F 190 0°F (10 (1037. 37.8°C 8°C)) with without out dis distor tortion tion or melt melting ing and rate “non-combustible.” When tested in accordance with the provisions of Test Method E84 Method E84,, structural facing tile shall measure 0 flame spread index and 0 smoke density index.
7.2 Unl Unless ess oth otherw erwise ise agr agreed eed upo upon n bet betwee ween n the pur purcha chaser ser and the seller, a delivery of brick or tile shall not contain more than 3 % brick or tile that are chipped, cracked or broken. 7.3 The finished finished face (on (onee fac facee of stretcher stretcher units units and the
NOTE 5—The 5—The pur purcha chaser ser or his aut author horized ized rep repres resent entati ative ve sha shall ll be accorded opportunity for sampling and inspecting units at the place of manufacture, prior to shipment. At least 10 days from the time of sampling should be allowed for completion of the tests. Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost of tests is typically borne as follows: If the resu re sult ltss of th thee te test stss sh show ow th that at th thee br bric ick k do does es no nott co conf nfor orm m to th thee requirements of this specification, the cost is typically borne by the seller. If th thee re resu sult ltss of th thee te test stss sh show ow th that at th thee br brick ick does confor conform m to th thee requir req uireme ements nts of thi thiss spe specifi cificat cation ion,, the cos costt is typ typical ically ly bor borne ne by the purchaser.
5. Physical Propertie Propertiess 5.1 The compressive compressive strengths strengths (based on gross area) of the units shall be not less than the values prescribed in Table 1. 1. NOTE 2—Special duty units may be available from various manufacturers where higher compressive compressive stren strengths gths are requir required. ed.
6. Dimensions and Permissible Variations Variations 6.1 Th 6.1 Thee fa face ce si sizes zes of ce cera ramic mic gl glaz azed ed un units its an and d fit fittin tings gs therefore shall be as specified. NOTE 3—The sizes shown in Table 2 are standard in the industry for single-faced units (Type I).
6.2 Face Dimension Tolerances— The The total variation in the finished face dimensions of units shall be not more than the values shown in Table in Table 3. 3. 6.3 Bed-Depth Dimension Tolerances— The The total variation in the bed-depth (through the wall) dimension of units shall be not more than the value shown in Table in Table 4. 4. 6.4 Warpage Tolerances— The The maximum permissible deviation of the plane and the edges of the face of individual units from a plane surface and from a straight line, respectively, shall not exceed the value shown in Table 5. 5.
NOTE 6—This test method is similar to that specified in NFPA No. 255 and UL No. 723.
NOTE 4—When convex units are laid upon a plane surface, the apparent variation is greater than the actual variation from the plane of the unit.
7.4.6 Fumes— Under Under thermogravimetr thermogravimetric ic analys analysis is (TGA) (TGA),, in a flowing air atmosphere, weight loss due to release of gases from the body and glaze finish shall not exceed 0.2 % of dry weight at temperatures up to 1800°F (982.2°C).
TABLE 1 Compressive Strengths of Units Direction of Coring Vertical Horizontal
Minimum Average of Five Tests, psi (MPa) 3 000 (20.7 (20.7)) 2 000 (13.8 (13.8))
Individual Minimum, psi (MPa) 2 500 (17.2 (17.2)) 1 500 (10.3 (10.3))
NOTE 7—See Practice E2105 Practice E2105 for for TGA only. TGA test results can be a measure of sample combustibility. Very low weight loss under TGA will demonstrate non-combustibility coupled with low flame spread index and smoke density index.
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C126 − 16 TABLE 2 Size of Single-Faced Units Specified Face Dimensions
Series Designation 4S 4W 6P 6T 8W
Height, in. (mm)
Length, in. (mm)
21 ⁄ 4 (57.2) 75 ⁄ 8 (193.7) 35 ⁄ 8 (92.1) 5 (127) 75 ⁄ 8 (193.7)
75 ⁄ 8 (193.7) 75 ⁄ 8 (193.7) 115 ⁄ 8 (295.3) 1111 ⁄ 16 16 (296.9) 155 ⁄ 8 (396.9)
Specified Thickness, in. (mm) 13 ⁄ 4 , 13 ⁄ 4 , 13 ⁄ 4 , 13 ⁄ 4 , 13 ⁄ 4 ,
35 ⁄ 8, 35 ⁄ 8, 35 ⁄ 8, 35 ⁄ 8, 35 ⁄ 8,
55 ⁄ 8, 55 ⁄ 8, 55 ⁄ 8, 55 ⁄ 8, 55 ⁄ 8,
or or or or or
75 ⁄ 8 75 ⁄ 8 75 ⁄ 8 75 ⁄ 8 75 ⁄ 8
(44.5, 92.1, 142.9, or (44.5, 92.1, 142.9, or (44.5, 92.1, 142.9, or (44.5, 92.1, 142.9, or (44.5, 92.1, 142.9, or
193.7) 193.7) 193.7) 193.7) 193.7)
TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Face Dimensions
TABLE 5 Permissible Warpage
NOTE 1—Permissible variations for units having specified dimensions more than 1 ⁄ 4 in. (6.4 mm) greater than shown in this table shall be the same as for the next larger dimension.
NOTE 1—Warpage 1—Warpage tolerances for units having specifi specified ed dimen dimensions sions more than 1 ⁄ 4 in. (6.4 mm) greater than shown in this table shall be the same as for the next larger dimension.
Maximum Difference Between Dimension of Any Unit and the Specified Dimension If Larger, If Smaller, in. (mm) in. (mm)
Specified Face Dimension, Return or Reveal (Height, Length), in. (mm)
Grade S Units 1 3 6 (152.4) and Under ⁄ 16 16 (1.6) ⁄ 32 32 (2.4) 1 1 Over 6 to 8 ⁄ 16 16 (1.6) ⁄ 8 (3.2) (152.4 to 203.2) 1 5 Over 8 to 16 ⁄ 16 16 (1.6) ⁄ 32 32 (4.0) (203.2 to 406.4) Grade SS—Select Sized or Ground-Edge Units Only 1 1 Any dimension ⁄ 16 16 (1.6) ⁄ 16 16 (1.6) A
Specified Face Dimensions (Height and Length), in. (mm)
Maximum Difference Between Largest and Smallest Unit in One Lot,A in. (mm)
21 ⁄ 4 × 75 ⁄ 8 (57.2 × 193.7) 35 ⁄ 8 × 75 ⁄ 8 (92.1 × 193.7) 75 ⁄ 8 × 75 ⁄ 8 (193.7 × 193.7) 5 × 115 ⁄ 8 (127 × 295.3) 35 ⁄ 8 × 115 ⁄ 8 (92.1 × 295.3) 75 ⁄ 8 × 115 ⁄ 8 (193.7 × 295.3) 75 ⁄ 8 × 155 ⁄ 8 (193.7 × 396.9) 75 ⁄ 8 × 115 ⁄ 8 (193.7 × 295.3) 75 ⁄ 8 × 155 ⁄ 8 (193.7 × 396.9)
⁄ 32 32 (2.4) 5 ⁄ 32 32 (4.0)
3
⁄ 16 16 (4.8)
3
Grade S S S S S S S SS SS
Maximum Permissible Warpage, in. (mm)
⁄ 16 16 (1.6) ⁄ 16 16 (1.6) 1 ⁄ 16 16 (1.6) 1 ⁄ 16 16 (1.6) 1 ⁄ 16 16 (1.6) 5 ⁄ 32 32 (4.0) 5 ⁄ 32 32 (4.0) 3 ⁄ 32 32 (2.4) 3 ⁄ 32 32 (2.4) 1
1
⁄ 8 (3.2)
1
Size of lot shall be determined by agreement between the purchaser and the
seller.
7.5.1 Unless otherwise otherwise specified by the purchaser, purchaser, smoot smooth, h, scored, combed or roughened-back units or a mixture thereof are furnished. 7.5.2 7.5 .2 Whe When n smooth, smooth, at lea least st 90 % of the tile area shall be free of glaze and the average absorption shall be not less than 5 %, un unle less ss ac accep ceptab table le pl plast aster er ad adhe hesi sion on bo bond nd tes testt da data ta is provided. 7.5.3 7.5 .3 Whe When n sco scored red,, eac each h gro groove ove shall be dov dovetai etailed led and 1 1 shall be not less than ⁄ 16 16 in. (1.6 mm) nor more than ⁄ 4 in. (6.4 mm) in depth, and not more than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in width width.. The area covered by the grooves shall not exceed 50 % of the area of the scored faces. 7.5. 7. 5.4 4 Wh When en co comb mbed ed,, th thee ti tile le sh shal alll be sc scar arifi ified ed,, pr prio iorr to burning, burn ing, by mechan mechanical ical means which shall make scarifications scarifications
TABLE 4 Permissible Variation in Bed Depth Dimensions
NOTE 1—Permissible variations for units having specified dimensions more than 1 ⁄ 4 in. (6.4 mm) greater than shown in this table shall be the same as for the next larger dimension. NOTE 2—Variation in the bed depth of individual units is controlled by the limitations on warpage. The thickness of a unit shall be considered either the maximum or minimum thickness, whichever is the farther from the specified dimension. Maximum Difference Between Dimension of Any Unit and the Specified Dimension If Larger, If Smaller, in. (mm) in. (mm)
Specified Bed Depth Specified Dimension (Wall Thickness), in. (mm)
2 (50.8) and Under Over 2 to 4 (50.8 to 101.6) Over 4 to 6 (101.6 to 152.4) Over 6 to 8 (152.4 to 203.2) 8 (203.2) and Under
Type I—Single-Faced Units 1 1 ⁄ 8 (3.2) ⁄ 8 (3.2) 1 3 ⁄ 8 (3.2) ⁄ 16 16 (4.7)
⁄ 8 (3.2)
1
⁄ 8 (3.2)
1
Maximum Difference Between Largest and Smallest Unit in One
1
⁄ 4 (6.4)
⁄ 16 16 (7.9)
5
Type II—Two-Faced Units 1 1 ⁄ 8 (3.2) ⁄ 8 (3.2)
1
16
on the more 1 surface of the tile not less than ⁄ in. (1.6 mm) than ⁄ 8 in. (3.2 mm) in depth, and not more than 1 ⁄ nor 4 in. (6.4 mm) apart. When roughened, the die skin on the face of the tile shall be entirely broken by mechanical means, such as wire cutting or wire brushing. (The die skin is visible within the cells of the tile.)
Lot, in. (mm)A ⁄ 8 (3.2) ⁄ 16 16 (4.7)
1 3
⁄ 4 (6.4)
1
⁄ 16 16 (7.9)
5
7.6 The textures textures sha shall ll be mot mottled tled,, stip stipple pled, d, or smo smooth oth as specified and the color of the finished surface shall be indicated by a sample consisting of not less than three stretcher units representing the range of shades.
⁄ 8 (3.2)
1
A
Size of lot shall be determined by agreement between the purchaser and the seller.
8. Numbe Numberr of Cells 8.1 Requir Requirements ements for number number of cells apply to hollow units units only. Cells are hollow spaces enclosed within the perimeter of the exterior shells having a minimum dimension of not less than 1 ⁄ 2 in. (12.7 mm) and a cross-sectional area greater than 11 ⁄ 2 in.2 (9.7 cm2). Hollow units of 6-in. (152.4 mm) and 8-in. (203.2 mm) thickness shall have not less than 2 cells or rows of cells in the direction of wall thickness.
7.4.7 Scratch Resistance and Hardness— Glaze Glaze must resist scratching scratch ing by ordinary glass or steel and be rated above five on the Mo the Mohs hs Ha Hard rdne ness ss Sc Scale ale.. Fin Finish ishes es of me metal tallic lic or sp spec ecial ial decorative glazes shall not be required to meet this requirement. 7.5 Plaster Base Finish: 3
C126 − 16
8.2 Doubleshell ll tile sha shall ll be con consid sidere ered d as hav having ing one Double-she additional cell in the direction of wall thickness if either: 8.2.1 The combined combined width of the voids between exterior exterior and interior shells on both sides of the tile is not less than 1 ⁄ 2 in. (12. (1 2.7 7 mm mm)) an and d th thee co comb mbin ined ed th thick ickne ness ss of th thee sh shor ortt we webs bs between inner and outer shells is not greater than that of the long transverse webs holding the inner shells, or 8.2.2 The combined combined thickness of the inner and outer shells on each side of the tile is not less than 1 in. (25.4 mm).
10.4 Percentage of coring shall be taken as the percentage of the gross volume removed by coring. Gross volume of the unit shal sh alll be de deter termin mined ed to th thee ou outsi tside de of th thee sco scori ring ng,, bu butt th thee material removed by scoring shall not be considered as part of the coring.
8.3 The face she shells lls of sin singlegle-she shell ll tile with mul multico ticored red or solid-face shells at least 1 1 ⁄ 2 in. (38.1 mm) in thickness on both solid-face sides of the tile shall be considered as one additional cell in wall thickness, provided the volume of the cores in multicored shells does not exceed 35 % of the gross volume of the face shell she ll and the min minimu imum m dis distan tance ce fro from m per perimet imeter er of core to 3 either side of shell is not less than ⁄ 8 in. (9.5 mm).
units sh units shall all be se sele lecte cted d by th thee pu purc rcha hase serr or hi hiss au auth thor oriz ized ed representative. Ten stretcher units shall be tested for a lot of 10 000 units or fraction thereof; for larger lots, ten additional units are permitted to be tested for each 30 000 units or fraction thereof. When less than 1000 units of any size are ordered, tests of these units shall not be required.
11. Sampling and Testing Testing 11.1 Sampling— For F or th thee im impe perv rvio ious usne ness ss,, ch chem emic ical al resistance, crazing, opacity, resistance, opacity, and compression compression tests, at least ten
11.2 Testing: 11.2.1 Compr Compressive essive Str Strength ength Test— Make comp compressi ressive ve stre st reng ngth th tes tests ts on fiv fivee sp spec ecime imens ns in ac acco cord rdan ance ce wi with th Test Methods C67 Methods C67.. Do not use the specimens used in the crazing test (11.2.4 test 11.2.4)) in the compressive strength test. 11.2.2 Imperviousness Test— Apply Apply perman permanent ent blueblue-black black founta fou ntain in pen ink libe liberal rally ly to the glazed surface surface of five dry specimens and allow to remain for 5 min. Wash the surface with wi th a we wett cl clot oth h an and d ru runn nnin ing g wa water ter,, an and d ex exam amin inee fr from om a distance of 5 ft (1.52 m) for staining of the finish. 11.2.3 Chemical Resistance Test— Submerge Submerge an end portion of two whole specimens with the glazed surface exposed to a minimum depth of 11 ⁄ 2 in. (38.1 mm) in a 10 % solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) for 3 h. Submerge the opposite end portions of the glazed surfaces of the same specimens similarly in a 10 % solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) for 3 h. Maintain these solutions at a temperature of 60 to 80°F (15 to 27°C). 27° C). Rin Rinse, se, dry dry,, and exa examin minee for changes changes of tex textur turee and color, if any. 11.2.4 Autoclave Crazi Crazing ng Test— Make the crazing test on three whole dry units previously tested for imperviousness of finish (11.2.2 (11.2.2). ). Do not use specimens subjected to the chemic chemical al resista res istance nce tes testt (11.2.3 11.2.3). ). The aut autocl oclave ave sha shall ll hav havee suf suffficie icient nt capacity to contain all the units of the same texture, color, and size.. The app size appara aratus tus sha shall ll be equ equipp ipped ed wit with h a saf safety ety val valve, ve, blowoff valve, thermometer, and pressure gage accurate within 2 % of the scale range, and a heater or other means of sufficient capacit cap acity y to ens ensure ure con constan stantt ste steam am pre pressu ssure re wit within hin the aut autooclave. clav e. (Warning— A 10 % so solu lutio tion n of HC HCll is pr prep epar ared ed by Warning—A volume using for example, 10 mL of concentrated HCl (12 N or 37.0 %) diluted to a volume of 100 mL with distilled water.) Place the specimens loosely above the water in the autoclave at room temperature. temperature. After fastening the autocl autoclave ave head in place, heat the water in the bottom from an external source. Keep the blowof blo wofff val valve ve ope open n unt until il ste steam am beg begins ins to esca escape, pe, the thereb reby y expelling most of the air. After closing the blowoff valve, keep the water boiling and increase the steam pressure at a uniform rate until it reaches 150 psi (1.03 MPa) within a period of not less than 60 min nor more than 11 ⁄ 2 h. Apply sufficient heat to maintain main tain a con consta stant nt ste steam am pre pressu ssure re of 150 6 5 psi for an additio add itional nal hou hourr. Shu Shutt of offf the hea heater ter and rel releas easee the stea steam m pressure slowly in not less than 30 min by opening the blowoff valve. val ve. Loosen Loosen the autoclave autoclave head, but do not remove, remove, and
9. Shel Shelll and Web Thickness Thickness 9.1 Multicor Multicored ed Units— Th Thee mi mini nimu mum m di dista stanc ncee fr from om th thee perimeter of core to the outer surface perimeter surface of the shell of multico multicored red units shall be not less than 3 ⁄ 4 in. (19 mm). 9.2 The thi thickn ckness ess of con connec necting ting webs bet betwee ween n cor cores es of multicored multico red units, multico multicored red shells, or suppl supplementar ementary y cores of 1 hollow units, shall be not less than ⁄ 4 in. (6.4 mm). 9.3 Hollow averag ragee ove overal ralll thi thickn ckness ess of the Hollow Units— The ave shells, measured between the inner and extrem extremee outer surfaces surfaces 3 of vertical-cell hollow units, shall be not less than ⁄ 4 in. (19 mm). The thickness of the webs shall be not less than 1 ⁄ 2 in. (12.7 mm). 9.4 The average over-all over-all thickness thickness of the side (face) shells, measure meas ured d bet betwee ween n the inn inner er and ext extrem remee out outer er sur surfac faces es of 3 horizontal-cell hollow units, shall be not less than ⁄ 4 in. (19 mm). The net thickness of the top and bottom shells shall be not less than 1 ⁄ 2 in. (12.7 mm); that is, when the top and bottom shells are scored, the over-all thickness of the top and bottom shells shall be not less than 1 ⁄ 2 in. plus the depth of the grooves. The thickness of the webs shall be not less than 1 ⁄ 2 in. 9.5 Th 9.5 Thee ho hori rizo zont ntal al wi widt dth h of an any y ce cell ll in ho hori rizo zont ntal al-c -cell ell 1 hollow units shall not exceed 4 ⁄ 2 times the average over-all thickness of either the upper or lower bearing shell. 10. Cori Coring ng 10.1 Whe 10.1 When n spe special cial-du -duty ty uni units ts are spe specifie cified, d, the uni units ts are either multicored or uncored. Multicored tile contain hollow spaces (cores) which are enclosed within the perimeter of the exterior shells and have a cross-sectional area of not more than 11 ⁄ 2 sq in. Unl Unless ess oth otherw erwise ise spe specifie cified, d, typ typee and direction direction of coring are optional with each manufacturer. 10.2 The distance distance from the perimeter of the core of multicored units to the face of the tile shall be not less than 3 ⁄ 4 in. (19 mm) except in tile designed to be split for fractional lengths where the distance from the face of the tile to the perimeter of 1
the kerfing cores shall be not less than ⁄ 2 in. (12.7 mm). 10.3 Unless special special duty units are definitely required, required, maximum percenta percentage ge of coring is fixe fixed d by the req requir uiremen ements ts of Sections 6 Sections 6 and and 8. 4
C126 − 16
permit the specimens to cool gradually to room temperature in a period not less than 3 h. Remove the specimens and rub permanent blue-black fountain pen ink upon the glazed surfaces fa ces to ai aid d in th thee de dete tecti ction on an and d ex exami amina natio tion n of fa failu ilure res. s. (Warning— Warning—See See Appendix X1 for safety precautions pertaining to the use of autoclave equipment.) 11.2.5 Opacity Test— Conduct Conduct the opacity test on three dry specimens by applying permanent blue-black fountain pen ink liberally to the body along a 2-in. (50.8-mm) length of the edge
dimens dime nsio ion n ma made de wi with th th thee sa same me ma mater teria ials ls an and d ba base se gl glaze aze composition in accordance with Test Method Method E84 E84.. 11.2.7 Testing for release of fumes shall be based on tests of glazed brick of any configuration or dimension made with the same materials and base glaze composition composition in accordance with Practice E2105 Practice E2105.. 11.2.8 Precis Precision ion and Bia Bias— s— No inf inform ormatio ation n is pre presen sented ted aboutt eit abou eithe herr th thee pr prec ecisi ision on or bi bias as fo forr th thee tes testt me meth thod odss fo forr measuring imperviousness, chemical resistance, crazing, and opacity because the test results are nonquantitative.
of the finished surface. Afterspecimens 5 min, examine finish for opacity. When the same three are to bethe subjected to both opacity and crazing tests (11.2.4 11.2.4)), make the opacity test first. 11.2.6 11 .2.6 Flame Spread Index and Smoke Density Index Index shall be ba base sed d on te tests sts of gl glaz azed ed br brick ick of an any y co confi nfigu gura rati tion on or
12. Keyw Keywords ords 12.1 brick brick;; ceramic glaze; clay; glaze properties; properties; masonry; masonry; physical properties; shale; tile
APPENDIX (Nonmandatory Information) X1. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS PRECAUTIONS FOR AUTOCLAVE AUTOCLAVE EQUIPMENT AND OPERA OPERATION TION
X1.1 The autoclave autoclave pressure gage should should have a range from 0 to 600 psi (4.13 MPa) and should be tested regularly.
X1.6 Suitab Suitable le gloves should be worn when loosening bolts and removing autoclave top at the completion of the test. The vent valve should be properly directed and the lid tilted so that escaping steam is discharged away from the operator.
X1.2 If an automatic control control is used, it should be maintained maintained in proper working order. X1.3 The safety valve should should be tested regularly regularly and set to relieve the pressure at about 20 psi (0.13 MPa) above the 155 psi (1.03 MPa) maximum specified in 11.2.5. 11.2.5. The discharge should be directed away from the operator.
X1.7 X1 .7 It sh shou ould ld be re reme memb mber ered ed th that at fo forr ma many ny au auto tocla clave ve pressure gages now in use, the return of the gage hand to the initial rest or starting point does not necessarily indicate zero pressure within the autoclave—there may still remain appreciable pressure.
X1.4 Durin During g the test a thermometer thermometer should always be used as a safety pressure check.
X1.8 A few drops drops of kerosine kerosine placed placed in the vent valve valve about about once a week will aid in keeping the needle clean and in good working condition.
X1.5 Pre X1.5 Precau cautio tions ns sho should uld be tak taken en at all tim times es for unexpected developments. developments. The opera operator tor should be comple completely tely alert and thoroughly familiar with all operations.
X1.9 All additional additional safety precautions, precautions, as contained in the autoclav auto clavee man manufa ufactur cturer’ er’ss lite literatu rature re and spe specific cific ope operati rating ng instructions, should be carefully observed at all times.
SUMMARY OF CHANGES Committee Committ ee C15 has identified the location of selected changes changes to this standard standard since the last issue (C126 – 15) that may impact the use of this standard. (June 1, 2016) Revised 7.4.5 and and 7.4.6 7.4.6 due due to improper reference to Test (1) Revised 7.4.5 Method E84 Method E84..
Added 11.2.6 11.2.6 and and 11.2.7 11.2.7 for sampling information. (2) Added
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