Designati on: C 936 – 08 Designation:
Standard Specification for
Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 936; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript supers cript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
C 494/C 494M Speci Specificat fication ion for Chem Chemical ical Admixtures Admixtures for Concrete C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements C 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete C 979 Speci Specificati fication on for Pigm Pigments ents for Integ Integrall rally y Color Colored ed Concrete C 989 Speci Specificati fication on for Groun Ground d Granu Granulate lated d Blast Blast-Fur -Furnace nace Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars C 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement C 1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures C 1645 Test Test Met Method hod for Fre Freeze eze-th -thaw aw and DeDe-ici icing ng Sal Saltt
1. Sco Scope pe 1.1 This specification covers covers the requirements requirements for interlockinterlocking concrete pavers manufactured for the construction of paved surfaces. 1.2 Whe When n par partic ticula ularr fea featur tures es are des desire ired, d, suc such h as wei weight ght classificat class ification, ion, highe higherr compr compressi essive ve stre strength, ngth, surf surface ace text textures ures,, finish, color, or other special features, such properties should be specified by the purchaser. Local sellers, however, should be consulted as to availability of units having the desired features. 1.3 The values values stated in SI units are to be regarded regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
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Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units
2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates C 140 Test Test Meth Methods ods for Sampl Sampling ing and Testi esting ng Concr Concrete ete Masonry Units and Related Units C 150 Specification for Portland Cement C 207 Specification Specification for Hydra Hydrated ted Lime for Maso Masonry nry Purposes C 260 Specification for Air-Entrain Air-Entraining ing Admixtures for Concrete C 331 Specification Specification for Light Lightweigh weightt Aggre Aggregate gatess for Concrete Masonry Units C 418 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete by Sandblasting
3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions: 3.1.1 architectural finishes—surface modified by mechanical means such as blasting, hammering, polishing, tumbling, washing, or other methods. 4. Mate Material rialss 4.1 Cementitious Materials shall conform to the following applicable ASTM specifications: 4.1.1 Portland Cements—Specification —Specification C C 150. 150. 4.1.2 Blended Cements—Specification —Specification C C 595, 595, Types IS or IP.. IP 4.1.3 Hydraulic Cement —Specification C —Specification C 1157. 1157. 4.1.4 Hydrated Lime, Type S —Specification C —Specification C 207. 207. 4.1.5 Fly Ash—Specification —Specification C C 618. 618. 4.1.6 Ground Slag—Specification —Specification C C 989. 989. 4.1.7 Silica Fume—Specification —Specification C C 1240. 1240. 4.2 Aggregates sha shall ll con confo form rm to th thee fo foll llowi owing ng AST ASTM M specifi spe cificat cation ions, s, exc except ept tha thatt gra gradin ding g req requir uireme ements nts sha shall ll not necessarily apply: 4.2.1 Normal Weight —Specification —Specification C 33. 33 . 4.2.2 Lightweight —Specification C —Specification C 331. 331.
1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on Precast Concrete Produ Concrete Products cts and is the direct respon responsibility sibility of Subco Subcommittee mmittee C27.20 on Architectural Architec tural and Struct Structural ural Produ Products. cts. Curren Cur rentt edit edition ion app approv roved ed Jun Junee 1, 200 2008. 8. Pub Publish lished ed Jun Junee 200 2008. 8. Ori Origin ginally ally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C 936 – 07. 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@
[email protected] astm.org. g. For For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website website..
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C 936 – 08 shall con confor form m to the fol follow lowing ing 4.3 Chemical Admixtures shall applicable ASTM specifications: 4.3.1 Air-entraining Admixtures—Specification —Specification C C 260. 260. 4.3.2 Wate aterr-re reduci ducing, ng, Ret Retar ardin ding, g, and Acc Accele elerat rating ing Admixtures—Specification —Specification C C 494/C 494M. 494M . 4.3.3 Pi Pigm gmen ents ts fo forr In Inte tegr gral ally ly Co Colo lorred Co Conc ncrret etee— Specification C Specification C 979. 979. 4.4 Other Constituents—Integral water repellents, and other materials for which no ASTM standards exist, shall be previ-
greater mass loss than 200 g/m2 when subject to 25 freeze-thaw cycles, or (b) no greater mass loss than 500 g/m 2 when subject to 50 freeze-thaw cycles. This test method shall be conducted not more than 12 months prior to delivery of units. 5.6 Abrasion Resistance—When tested in accordance with Test Meth Method od C 418, 418, specim specimens ens sha shall ll not hav havee an ave averag ragee 3 2 3 volume loss greater than 15 cm /50 cm (0.92 in. /7.75 in.2). The average thickness loss shall not exceed 3 mm (0.118 in.). 5.7 Dimensional Tolerance—Measured length or width of
ously established as suitable for use in concrete or shall be show sh own n by te test st or ex expe peri rien ence ce no nott to be de detr trim imen enta tall to th thee concrete.
test specimens shall not differ by more than 6 1.6 mm (60.063 in.) from specified dimensions. Measured height of test specimens shall not differ by more than 6 3.2 mm (60.125 in.) from thee sp th spec ecifi ified ed di dime mens nsio ion. n. Al Alll te test stss sh shal alll be pe perf rfor orme med d as required in in 6.2 6.2.. Units shall meet dimensional tolerances prior to the application of architectural finishes.
5. Physical Requirements Requirements 5.1 Units shall shall have an exposed face area area #0.065 m2 (101 2 in. ), and their overall length divided by thickness shall be #4. The minimum specified thickness shall be 60 mm (2.36 in.). See Fig. See Fig. 1. 1. 5.2 Con Concre crete te uni units ts cov covere ered d by thi thiss spe specifi cificat cation ion may be made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates or mixed lightweight and normal weight aggregates. 5.3 Compressive Strengt Strength h—At the time of delivery to the work site, the average compressive strength of the test samples shall be not less than 55 MPa (8000 psi) with no individual unit
6. Sampling and Testing Testing 6.1 The purchaser purchaser or his authorized authorized representat representative ive shall be accorded proper facilities to inspect and sample the units at the place of manufacture from the lots ready for delivery. Prior to delivery of units, the supplier and purchaser shall decide on the lot size from which to sample test specimens for resistance to freezing free zing and thawi thawing, ng, abra abrasion sion resis resistance tance,, absor absorptio ption, n, compressive strength, and dimensional tolerances.
less 50 MPa —The (7200 average psi) as required in of 6.2. 6.2 . test samples 5.4than Absorption absorption the shall not be greater than 5 % with no individual unit greater than 7 % as required in 6.2 6.2.. 5.5 Resistance to Freezing and Thawing—If the units are exposed to freezing and deicing materials during service, the manufacturer shall satisfy the purchaser either by proven field performance or a laboratory freezing-and-thawing test that the paving units have adequate resistance to freezing and thawing. If a laboratory test is used, test in accordance with Test Method C 1645. 1645. Speci Specime mens ns sa samp mple led d fr from om un unit itss th that at wi will ll no nott be exposed to deicing salts in service shall be tested in tap water. Specimens sampled from units that will be exposed to deicing materi mat erials als in ser servic vicee sha shall ll be tes tested ted in 3 % sal saline ine sol soluti ution. on. Specimens shall comply with either of the following: (a) no
6.2 Sampl Samplee a mini minimum mum of three (3) test specimens specimens each for compressive strength, absorption, and dimensional tolerances and test units in accordance with Test Methods C 140. 140. Specimenss tes men tested ted for dim dimens ension ional al tol tolera erance ncess may be use used d for absorption testing. Sample a minimum of three (3) specimens and test for resistance to freezing and thawing in accordance with Test Meth Method od C 1645. 1645. Sample Sample a mi minim nimum um of two (2) specimens for abrasion resistance and test in accordance with Test Method C Method C 418. 418. 7. Visual Inspection 7.1 All units shall shall be sound and free of defe defects cts that would interf int erfere ere with the proper proper pla placin cing g of the units or imp impair air the strength stre ngth or perf performa ormance nce of the cons construct truction. ion. Minor crac cracks ks incide inc identa ntall to the usu usual al met method hodss of man manufa ufactu cture re or min minor or chipping resulting chipping resulting from customa customary ry meth methods ods of handling handling in ship sh ipme ment nt an and d de deli live very ry sh shal alll no nott be de deem emed ed gr grou ound ndss fo forr rejection. 8. Reje Rejection ction 8.1 In case the ship shipment ment fails to conform to the speci specified fied requirements, the manufacturer may sort it, and new specimens shall be selected by the purchaser from the retained lot and tested at the expense of the manufacturer. In case the second set of spe specim cimens ens fai fails ls to con confor form m to the tes testt req requir uireme ements nts,, the entire lot shall be rejected.
FIG. 1 Length, Width, and Thickness of Concrete Paving Units
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C 936 – 08
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