Designation: C40/C40M − 11
American Association State Highway and Transportation Officials Standard AASHTO No.: T 21
Standard Test Method for
Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates for Concrete 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation C40/C40M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revis original revision, ion, the year of last revision. revision. A number in paren parenthese thesess indicates the year of last reappr reapproval. oval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Sco Scope pe
3. Signi Significanc ficancee and Use
1.1 This test method covers covers two procedures procedures for an appro approxiximate determination of the presence of injurious organic impurities in fine aggregates that are to be used in hydraulic cement mort mo rtar ar or co conc ncre rete. te. On Onee pr proc oced edur uree us uses es a sta stand ndar ard d co colo lorr solution and the other uses a glass color standard.
3.1 This 3.1 This tes testt me meth thod od is us used ed in mak makin ing g a pr preli elimi mina nary ry determ det ermina ination tion of the acce accepta ptabil bility ity of fine agg aggreg regates ates wit with h respect to the requirements of Specification C C33 33 that that relate to organic impurities.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exa exact ct equ equiva ivalen lents; ts; the theref refore ore,, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standar standard d doe doess not purport purport to add addre ress ss all of the safet sa fetyy co conc ncer erns ns,, if an anyy, as asso socia ciate ted d wi with th its us use. e. It is th thee responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro priate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenc Referenced ed Documents Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:2 C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates C33 C87 Test Method for Effect of Organic Impurities in Fine C87 Aggregate on Strength of Mortar C125 Terminology C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing C702 Practice Testing Size D75 Practice D75 Practice for Samplin Sampling g Aggregates D1544 Test D1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)
1
3.2 The princip principal al value of thi thiss tes testt meth method od is to furnish furnish a warning that injurious amounts of organic impurities may be present. When a sample subjected to this test produces a color darker than the standard color it is advisable to perform the test for the effect of organic impurities on the strength of mortar in accordance with Test Method Method C87 C87.. 4. Appar Apparatus atus 4.1 Glass Glass Bottles Bottles— — Colorle Colorless ss gla glass ss gra gradua duated ted bot bottles tles,, approxim pro ximatel ately y 240 to 470 470-mL -mL [8 to 1616-oz] oz] nom nomina inall cap capacit acity y, equipped with watertight stoppers or caps, not soluble in the speci sp ecifie fied d re reag agen ents. ts. In no cas casee sh shall all th thee max maximu imum m ou outsi tside de thickness of the bottles, measured along the line of sight used for the color comparison, be greater than 63.5 mm [2.5 in.] or less than 38.1 mm [1.5 in.]. The graduations on the bottles shall be in millilitres, or ounces (U.S. fluid), except that unmarked bottles may be calibrated and scribed with graduations by the user. In such case, graduation marks are required at only three points as follows: 4.1.1 Standard Color Solution Level— 75 mL [2.5 oz (U.S. fluid)], 4.1.2 Fine Aggregate Level— 130 130 mL [4.5 oz (U.S. fluid)], and 4.1.3 NaOH Solution Level— 200 200 mL [7 oz (U.S. fluid)]. 4.2 Glass Color Standard 4.2.1 4.2 .1 Gla Glass ss sta standa ndard rd col colors ors shall be use used d as des descri cribed bed in Table 1 of Test Method D1544 Method D1544..
Thiss tes Thi testt met method hod is und under er the jur jurisd isdict iction ion of ASTM Com Commit mittee tee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.20 on C09.20 on Normal Weight Aggregates. Curren Cur rentt edi editio tion n app approve roved d Apr April il 1, 201 2011. 1. Pub Publis lished hed Jun Junee 201 2011. 1. Ori Origin ginall ally y approv app roved ed in 192 1921. 1. Las Lastt pre previo vious us edi editio tion n app approv roved ed in 200 2004 4 as C40 C40–04 –04.. DOI DOI:: 10.1520/C0040_C0040M-11. 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at
[email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
NOTE 1—A suitable instrument consists of five glass color standards mounted in a plastic holder. Only the glass identified as Gardner Color Standard No. 11 is to be used as the Glass Color Standard in 9.2 in 9.2..
the ASTM website.
parts of water.
5. Reag Reagent ent and Stand Standard ard Color Solution Solution 5.1 Reagent Sodium Hydroxide Solution (3 %)— Dissolve Dissolve 3 parts by mass of reagent grade sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in 97
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C40/C40M − 11
Dissolve reagent grade potas5.2 Standard Color Solution— Dissolve sium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in concentrated sulfuric acid (sp gr 1.84) at the rate of 0.250 g/100 mL of acid. The solution must be freshly made for the color comparison using gentle heat if necessary necessa ry to ef effect fect solut solution. ion. 6. Samp Sampling ling 6.1 The sample shall be selected in general general accordance accordance with Practice D75 D75.. 7. Test Sample Sample 7.1 The test sample sample sha shall ll hav havee a mas masss of about approxi approxi-mately 450 g [1 lb] and be taken from the larger sample in accordance with Practice C702 Practice C702.. 8. Pro Procedu cedure re 8.1 Fil Filll a gla glass ss bot bottle tle to the approxim approximatel ately y 130 130-mL -mL [4.5[4.5fluid oz fluid oz]] lev level el wi with th th thee sa samp mple le of th thee fin finee ag aggr greg egat atee (s (see ee Terminology C125 C125)) to be tested. 8.2 Add the sodium hydroxide hydroxide solution solution until the volume of thee fin th finee ag aggr greg egate ate an and d liq liqui uid, d, in indi dicat cated ed af after ter sh shak akin ing, g, is approximately 200 mL [7 fluid oz]. 8.3 Stopp Stopper er the bottle, shake vigorously vigorously,, and then allow to stand for 24 h. 9. Determinati Determination on of Color Value Value 9.1 Standard Color Solution Procedure— At A t the end of the 24-h standing period, fill a glass bottle to the approximately 75-m 75 -mL L [2 [2.5 .5-fl -flui uid d oz oz]] le leve vell wi with th th thee fr fres esh h st stan anda dard rd co colo lorr solution, prepared not longer than 2 h previously, as prescribed in 5.2 in 5.2.. Hold the bottle with the test sample and the bottle with the standard color solution side-by-side, and compare the color of light transmitted through the supernatant liquid above the
sample with the color of light transm transmitted itted through the standard color col or sol solutio ution. n. Reco Record rd whe whethe therr the col color or of the sup supern ernatan atantt liquid is lighter, darker, or equal to the color of the standard color solution. 9.2 Glass Color Standard Procedure— To To define more precisely the color of the supernatant liquid of the test sample, five glass standard colors shall be used using the following colors:
Gardner Color Organic Organi c Plate No. Standard No. 5 1 8 2 11 3 (standard) 14 4 16 5 The compar comparison ison procedure described in 9.1 shall be used, except that the organic plate number which is nearest the color of the supernatant liquid above the test specimen shall be reported. When using this procedure, it is not necessary to prepare the standard color solution.
10. Interpret Interpretation ation 10.1 When a sample subjected subjected to this procedure procedure produces a color darker than the standard color, or Organic Plate No. 3 (Gardner Color Standard No. 11), the fine aggregate under test shall sha ll be con consid sidere ered d to pos possib sibly ly con contain tain inj injuri urious ous or organ ganic ic impu im purit rities ies.. It is ad advi visa sabl blee to pe perf rfor orm m fu furt rthe herr tes tests ts be befo fore re approving the fine aggregate for use in concrete. 11. Pre Precisi cision on and Bias 11.1 Since this test produces no numerical 11.1 numerical values, determination of the precision and bias is not possible. 12. Keyw Keywords ords 12.1 color colorimetric imetric test; fine aggre aggregate; gate; organic organic impur impurities ities
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