Astm C 138

 

 

  Bstk dhrmk idtbrdkaihd idtbrdkaihdkf kf sb `bskrrhffñ `b ahdchrmi`k` ahd fhs pridaipihs idtbrdkaihdkfmbdtb idtbrdkaihdkfmbdtb rbahdhai`hs shlrb dhrmkfizkaiñd bstklfbai`hs bd fk @baisiñd shlrb fhs pridaipihs pkrk bf `bskrrhffh `b dhrmks idtbrdkaihdkfbs, guíks y rbahmbd`kaihdbs `bf Ahmité `b Hlstëaufhs Péadiahs kf Ahmbraih (HPA) `b fk Hrgkdizkaiñd Mud`ikf `bf Ahmbraih. @BDHMIDKAIÑD? A;1: / A;1:M - ;7k  Kshaikaiñd Kmbriakdk `b Kuthpistks Bstktkfbs y Hciaikfbs `b Prkdsphrtb Bstëd`kr KKQJPH Dh? P; ^kfklrks afkvb  afkvb  K^ÉD@IABQ   K^ÉD@IABQ AËFARFHQ @B MRBQP\K Z; (RDI@K@BQ QI)  QI)  AËFARFHQ @B MRBQP\K Z< (RDI@K@BQ ID-FL)  ID-FL)  \BQRMBD @B AKMLIHQ  AKMLIHQ  Dhtks k pib `b pëgidk  pëgidk  

   

; | Kfakdab ;.; Bstb méth`h `b prublk aulrb fk `btbrmidkaiñd `b fk `bdsi`k` (vbr  Dhtk ;) ;) `bf ahdarbth rbaiéd mbzafk`h y lrid`k cñrmufks pkrk akfaufkr bf rbd`imibdth, bf ahdtbdi`h `b abmbdth y bf ahdtbdi`h `b kirb `bf ahdarbth. Bf rbd`imibdth sb `bcidb ahmh bf vhfumbd `b jhrmigñd prh`uai`h k pkrtir `b udk mbzafk `b akdti`k`bs ahdhai`ks `b fhs mktbrikfbs ahmphdbdtbs. ahmphdbdtbs. ;.< Fhs vkfhrbs id`iak`hs bd bstëd`kr. udi`k`bsFhs Q I vkfhrbs QI h bd udi`k`bs `b bd pufgk`k-filrk pufgk`k-filr k sbpub`bd `blbd ahdsi`brkr phr sbpkrk`h ahmh bstklfbai`hs ak`k sistbmk dh sbr bquivkfbdtbs bxkaths5 phr fh tkdth, ak`k sistbmk sb uskrë id`bpbd`ibdtbmbdtb `bf htrh. Fk ahmlidkaiñd `b vkfhrbs `b fhs `hs sistbmks pub`b `kr ahmh rbsuftk`h fk dh ahdchrmi`k` ahd bf bstëd`kr. DHPK ;? Bf pbsh uditkrih cub fk tbrmidhfhgík prbvik utifizk`k pkrk `bsarilir fk prhpib`k` `btbrmidk`k phr bstb méth`h `b prublk, qub bs fk mksk phr udi`k` `b vhfumbd. ;.1 Bf tbxth `b bstb méth`h `b prublk jkab rbcbrbdaik k dhtks y dhtks k pib `b pëgidk qub lrid`kd idchrmkaiñd bxpfiaktivk. Bstks dhtks y dhtks k pib `b pëgidk (bxafuybd`h kqubffks bd fks tklfks) dh sb `blbd ahdsi`brkr ahmh rbquisiths `b bstb méth`h `b prublk. ;.0 Bstk dhrmk dh prbtbd`b klhr`kr th`hs fhs prhlfbm prhlfbmks ks `b sbguri`k`, si fhs jky, kshaik`hs ahd su ush. Bs rbsphdsklifi`k` `bf usukrih `b bstk dhrmk bstklfbabr prëatiaks `b sbguri`k` y skfu` kprhpik`ks y `btbrmidkr fk kpfiaklifi`k` `b fks fimitkaihdbs rbgfkmbdtkriks kdtbs `b su ush. ( Kmhd  Km hdbst bstk`h k`hrbs rbs `b  crbsaks mbzafks abmbdthsks ji`rëufiaks shd aëustiaks y

pub`bd akuskr qubmk`urks químiaks bd fk pibf y tboi`hs bd aksh `b bxphsiaiñd prhfhdgk`k.