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Designation: A 227/A 227M – 06 ink ro wt e n dn a
Standard Specification for gn iy
Steel Wire, Cold-Drawn for Mechanical Springs 1 po c ,y ln
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 227/A 227M; the number immediately following the designation designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies) 4 2.4 AIAG Standard: AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Application Standard 5
1. Scope Scope* * 1.1 Thi Thiss spe specifi cificat cation ion cov covers ers two cla classe ssess of rou round nd col coldddrawn steel spring wire having properties and quality for the manufacture of mechanical springs that are not subject to high stress or requiring high fatigue properties and wire forms. 1.2 The values stated stated in either SI units or inch-pound inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each eac h sys system tem may not be exa exact ct equ equiva ivalen lents; ts; the theref refore ore,, eac each h system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.1.1 For definition of terms used used in this specification, specification, refer to Ter Terminology minology A 941. 941. 4. Ordering Information Information 4.1 It shall be the respo responsib nsibilit ility y of the purchaser purchaser to specify all req requir uirem ement entss tha thatt are nec necess essary ary for mat materi erial al und under er thi thiss specifi spe cificat cation ion.. Suc Such h req requir uireme ement nt may inc includ lude, e, but are not limited to, the following: 4.1.1 Quant Quantity ity (mass), (mass), 4.1.2 Name of material (cold-drawn (cold-drawn steel mechanical mechanical spring wire) and class (Table ( Table 1 or Table 2), 2), 4.1.3 Wi Wire re diameter diameter (Table ( Table 1 or Table 2), 2), 4.1.4 Packa Packaging ging (Section (Section 15 15)), 4.1.5 Cast or heat analy analysis sis report, report, if requested requested (Section (Section 6), 4.1.6 Certi Certificati fication on or test report, report, or both, if specified (Sec(Section 14 14)), and 4.1.7 ASTM designatio designation n and date of issue.
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2. Referenced Documents AI B M OL O C
E D L A N OI C A N D A DI S R E IV N U ot X E W y b d es n e L
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2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products A 510 Speci Specificat fication ion for Gener General al Requi Requireme rements nts for Wi Wire re Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel A 510M Speci Specificati fication on for Gener General al Requi Requireme rements nts for Wi Wire re Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel [Metric] A 700 Pra Practi ctices ces for Pac Packagi kaging, ng, Mar Markin king, g, and Loa Loadin ding g Methods for Steel Products for Shipment A 751 Test Met Method hods, s, Pra Practi ctices ces,, and Term ermino inolog logy y for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products A 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications 2.2 American National Standard: B 32.4M Preferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, Rectangle, and Hexagon Metal Products 3 2.3 Federal Standard:
NOTE 1—A typical typical ordering ordering des descri criptio ption n is as fol follows lows:: 15 000 kg Cold-Drawn Mechanical Spring Wire, Class I, Size 5.00 mm in 700-kg coils coi ls to ASTM A 227M 227M dat dated_ ed_____ ______, __, or for non-SI non-SI unit units, s, 30 000 lb Cold-Drawn Mechanical Spring Wire, Class I, Size 0.207 in. diameter in 500-lb coils to ASTM A 227 dated_______.
5. Manuf Manufactur acturee 5.1 The steel may be made by any comm commerci ercially ally accepted accepted steel-making steel-ma king process. process. The steel may be eith either er ingot cast or strand cast. 5.2 The finished wire shall be free of detr detrimen imental tal pipe and undue segregation. 5.3 The wire sha shall ll be col cold d dra drawn wn to pro produc ducee the desired desired mechanical properties.
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This specification specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire. Currentt editio Curren edition n approv approved ed March 1, 2006. Published March 2006 2006.. Origin Originally ally approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A 227/A 227M – 99 (2005). 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@
[email protected] astm.org. g. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website website.. 3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
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Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. 5 Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd., Suite 200, South Southfield, field, MI 4803 48034. 4.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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A 227/A 227M – 06 p
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TABLE TA BLE 1 Te Tensil nsile e Requirements Requirements,, SI UnitsA
wt e n
Diameter, B mm
dn a gn iy
0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00 2.20 2.50 2.80 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 14.00 16.00
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TABLE 2 Tensi Tensile le Requirements, Requirements, Inch-Pound UnitsA
Class I
Class II
Tens ensile ile St Stren rength gth,, MP MPa a
Tens ensile ile Str Streng ength th MP MPa a
min
max
min
max
1960 1940 1920 1900 1870 1830 1800 1770 1740 1720 1670 1640 1600 1580 1550 1510 1480 1460 1420 1380 1350 1320 1300 1280 1250 1220 1200 1190 1160 1130 1110 1090 1050 1010
2240 2220 2200 2180 2140 2100 2070 2040 2000 1980 1930 1880 1840 1810 1780 1730 1700 1680 1630 1590 1550 1510 1490 1470 1440 1410 1390 1370 1340 1310 1280 1260 1210 1170
2240 2220 2200 2180 2140 2100 2070 2040 2000 1980 1930 1880 1840 1810 1780 1730 1700 1680 1630 1590 1550 1510 1490 1470 1440 1410 1390 1370 ... ... ... ... ... ...
2520 2500 2480 2460 2410 2370 2340 2310 2260 2240 2180 2120 2080 2040 2010 1960 1920 1900 1840 1800 1750 1700 1670 1650 1630 1600 1580 1550 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Diameter,, in. Diameter
A
A N DI
6. Chemical Composition Composition E IV U ot X E W y b d es n e
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A B
N
min
max
min
max
283 279 275 271 266 261 255 248 243 237 232 227 220 216 210 206 203 200 195 192 190 186 182 174 167 165 156 152 147
323 319 315 311 306 301 293 286 279 272 266 261 253 248 241 237 234 230 225 221 218 214 210 200 193 190 180 176 170
324 320 316 312 307 302 294 287 280 273 267 262 254 249 242 238 235 231 226 222 219 215 211 201 194 191 181 177 171
364 360 356 352 347 342 332 325 316 308 301 296 287 281 273 269 266 261 256 251 247 243 239 227 220 216 205 201 294
Tensile strength values for intermediate diameters shall be interpolated.
Composition, %
Carbon Manganese Phosphorus, max Sulfur, max Silicon
A R
Ten ensi sile le St Stre reng ngth th,, ks ksii
Element
D S
Ten ensi sile le St Stre reng ngth th,, ks ksii
TABLE 3 Chem Chemical ical Require Requirement ments s
Tensile strength values for intermediate diameters may be interpolated. B Preferred sizes. For a complete list, refer to ANSI B 32.4M, 32.4M, Preferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, Rectangle, and Hexagon Metal Products.
C
Class II
0.020 0.023 0.026 0.029 0.032 0.035 0.041 0.048 0.054 0.062 0.072 0.080 0.092 0.106 0.120 0.135 0.148 0.162 0.177 0.192 0.207 0.225 0.250 0.312 0.375 0.438 0.500 0.562 0.625
A
OI
Class I
6.1 The steel shall conform conform to the requirements requirements for chemical chemical composition prescribed in Table 3. 3. 6.2 Cast or Heat Analysis —Each cast or heat of steel shall be analyzed by the manufacturer to determine the percentage of elements elem ents pres prescribe cribed d in Table 3. This analysis shall be made from a test specimen preferably taken during the pouring of the castt or hea cas heat. t. Whe When n req reques uested ted,, thi thiss sha shall ll be rep report orted ed to the purchaser and shall conform to the requirements of Table 3. 3. 6.3 Product Analysis—A —An n an anal alys ysis is ma may y be ma made de by th thee purchaser from finished wire representing each cast or heat of steel.. The chem steel chemical ical composition composition thus deter determine mined, d, as to elements men ts req requir uired ed or res restri tricte cted, d, sha shall ll con confor form m to the pro produc ductt analysis analy sis requi requireme rements nts speci specified fied in Table 10 of Speci Specificati fication on A 510 or A 510M. 510M. 6.4 For ref refere ereee pur purpos poses, es, Test Met Method hods, s, Pra Practi ctices ces,, and Terminology A 751 shall be used.
0.45–0.85A 0.30–1.30B 0.040 0.050 0.15–0.35
Carbon in any one lot shall not vary more than 0.13 %. Manganese in any one lot shall not vary more than 0.30 %.
7.1.2 Number of Tests—One test specimen shall be taken for each ten coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat in a given lot shall be tested. 7.1.3 Location of Tests —Test specimens shall be taken from either end of the coil. Method od —The 7.1.4 Test Meth — The te tens nsio ion n te test st sh shal alll be ma made de in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370. 370. 7.2 Wrap Test : 7.2.1 Requirements —Th —Thee mat materi erial al as rep repres resent ented ed by the wrap test specimens shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 4 or Table 5. 5. Wrap test on wires over 8.5 mm or 0.312 in. in diameter is not applicable. Since the conventional methods will not accommodate over 8.5 mm or 0.312 in., an alternative test procedure shall be agreed upon between purchaser and producer.
7. Mechanical Properties Properties
TABLE TA BLE 4 Wrap Test Test Requirem Requirements, ents, SI Units Units
7.1 Tension Test : 7.1.1 Requirements —The material as represented by tension test specimens shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2. 2.
Diameter,, mm Diameter 0.50 to 4.0, incl Over 4.0 to 8.0, incl A
2
Mandrel Size Class I 1XA 2X
For 1X mandrel, wire shall be wrapped on itself.
Class II 2X 4X
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A 227/A 227M – 06 p
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TABLE TAB LE 5 Wrap Test Test Requirements, Requirements, Inch-Pound Units
wt e
Mandrel Size
Diameter,, in. Diameter
n dn
Class I 1X A 2X
0.020 to 0.162, incl Over 0.162 to 0.312, incl
a gn iy
A
p
TABLE TAB LE 7 Permissible V Variations ariations in Wire Diameter, Diameter, Inch-Pound Inch-Pound UnitsA
Class II 2X 4X
Diameter,, in. Diameter
For 1X mandrel, wire shall be wound on itself.
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8. Metallurgical Requirements Requirements 9
8.1 Surface Condition : 8.1.1 8.1 .1 The surface surface of the wire as-rece as-receive ived d sha shall ll be fre freee of rust, excessive scale, die marks, pits and scratches detrimental to the end application. Seams shall not exceed 3.5 % of the wire diameter or 0.25 mm [0.010 in.], whichever is less. 8.1.2 Location of Test —Test —Test specimens shall be taken from either or both ends of the coil.
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9. Dimensions and Permissible Variations Variations OL
9.1 The permissible permissible variat variations ions in the diameter diameter of the wire shall be as specified in Table 6 or Table 7. 7.
M O C E D A OI C A N D A DI S R E IV N U ot X
11. Retests y
11.1 If any test specimen exhibits exhibits obvious defects or shows the presence presence of a wel weld, d, it sha shall ll be dis discar carded ded and ano anothe therr specimen substituted.
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13. Reje Rejection ction and Rehearing Rehearing 13.1 Unless otherwise specified, any rejection rejection based on tests tests made in accordance with this specification shall be reported to the manufacturer as soon as possible so that an investigation may be initiated. 13.2 The material material shal shalll be adequately adequately prot protected ected and cor cor-rectly identified in order that the manufacturer may make a proper investigation. 14. Certification 14.1 14. 1 Whe When n spe specifi cified ed in the purchase purchase order or con contr tract act,, a manufacturer’s or supplier’s certification shall be furnished to the purch purchaser aser that the mate material rial was manu manufactu factured, red, sampl sampled, ed, tested, and inspected in accordance with this specification and has been found to meet the requirements. When specified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall be furnished. 14.2 The certification certification shall incl include ude the speci specificati fication on number, year date of issue, and revision letter, if any. 15. Packa Packaging, ging, Marking, Marking, and Load Loading ing for Shipm Shipment ent 15.1 The coil mass, dimensions dimensions,, and the method method of packa packagging sh ing shal alll be ag agre reed ed up upon on be betw twee een n th thee ma manu nufa fact ctur urer er an and d purchaser. 15.2 15. 2 A tag sha shall ll be sec secure urely ly attached attached to eac each h coi coill of wire with identifying information as agreed upon by the purchaser and manufacturer. 15.3 Unles Unlesss othe otherwise rwise specified specified in the purc purchaser haser’s ’s order order,, packag pac kaging ing,, mar markin king, g, and loa loadin ding g for shi shipme pments nts sha shall ll be in accordance with those procedures recommended by Practices A 700. 700. 15.4 For Government Procurement —Marking —Marking for shipment of material for civil agencies shall be in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123. 123. Coding ing—In add 15.5 Bar Cod additi ition on to the pre previo viousl usly y sta stated ted identi ide ntifica ficatio tion n req requir uireme ements nts,, bar cod coding ing is acc accept eptabl ablee as a supplemen suppl ementary tary iden identifica tification tion metho method. d. Bar codin coding g shoul should d be
12. Inspe Inspectio ction n 12.1 Unles Unlesss otherwise otherwise spec specified ified in the contr contract act or purch purchase ase order, the manufacturer is responsible for the performance of all inspection and test requirements specified in this specificaTABLE 6 Permissible Variations Variations in Wire Diameter, Diameter, SI Un Units itsA Diameter,, mm Diameter
To 0.70, incl Over 0.70 to 2.00, incl Over 2.00 to 9.00, incl Over 9.00
Permissible Variations, plus and minus, mm
Permissible Out-of Round, mm
0.02 0.03 0.05 0.08
0.02 0.03 0.05 0.08
0.0008 0.001 0.002 0.003
tion. Except as otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the manufacturer may use his own or any other suitable faci fa cili liti ties es fo forr th thee pe perf rfor orma manc ncee of th thee in insp spec ecti tion on an and d te test st requirements unless disapproved by the purchaser at the time the order is pla placed ced.. The purchase purchaserr sha shall ll hav havee the right to perfor per form m any of the inspecti inspections ons and tes tests ts set forth forth in thi thiss specifi spe cificat cation ion whe when n suc such h ins inspec pectio tions ns and tes tests ts are dee deemed med necessary to assure that the material conforms to prescribed requirements.
10.1 Workmanship—The wire shall not be kinked or improperly cast. To test for cast, a few convolutions of wire shall be cut from the coil and placed on a flat surface. The wire shall lie flat on itself and not spring up excessively nor show a wavy condition. 10.1.1 10. 1.1 Eac Each h coi coill sha shall ll be one con contin tinuou uouss len length gth of wir wire, e, proper pro perly ly coi coiled led and firm firmly ly ti tied. ed. Weld eldss mad madee pri prior or to col cold d drawing are permitted. N
0.0008 0.001 0.002 0.003
A For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, all specified limits are absolute as defined in Practice E 29. 29 .
10. Wo Workmanship rkmanship and Appearance Appearance L
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7.2.2 Number of Tests—One test specimen shall be taken for each ten coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat in a given lot shall be tested. 7.2.3 Location of Test —Test —Test specimens shall be taken from either end of the coil. 7.2.4 Test Method —The —The wrap test shall be made in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370, 370, Supplement IV.. IV
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Permissible Out-of-Round, in.
0.020 to 0.028, incl Over 0.028 to 0.075, incl Over 0.075 to 0.375, incl Over 0.375 to 0.625, incl
oc ,y
Permissible Variations, plus and minus, in.
A
For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, all specified limits are absolute as defined in Practice E 29. 29 .
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A 227/A 227M – 06 16. Keyw Keywords ords
consistent with AIAG Standard 02. 02.00, Primary Metals Identification Tag Application. The bar code may be applied to a substantially affixed tag. wt e n dn
16.1 coldcold-drawn drawn;; spri springs; ngs; wire
a gn iy p oc
SUMMARY OF CHANGES ,y ln o
Committee Commit tee A01 has ide identi ntified fied the loc locati ation on of sel select ected ed cha change ngess to thi thiss sta standa ndard rd sin since ce the las lastt iss issue, ue, A 227/A 227M–99 (2005), that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved March 1, 2006.) es ne icl r es uel g n
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(1) Remov Removed ed refe reference renced d docum document ent MIL-STD-163. MIL-STD-163. This stan stan-dard is obsolete and all references were removed. (2) In 15.4 15.4,, deleted the first sentence pertaining to MIL-STD163 as that standard is obsolete.
(3) In Table 1, 1, there was a mistake on the 4.00 mm wire size for Class 2. The correct numbers have been added. (4) Added Summary Summary of Changes. Changes.
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