Assmann Egyptian Mortuary Liturgies 1990

Originalveröffentlichung in: S.I.Groll (Hrsg.), Studies in Egyptology, Presented to Miriam Lichtheim Bd. 1, Jerusalem 1990, S. 1-45

EGYPTIAN MORTUARY LITURGIES JAN A S S M A N

1. Introduction:

When a l ways

we

in

mortuary

think

terms

liturgies

of

of

Egyptian

the

l iterature: Pyramid Texts, has

remained

corpus which

is

texts.

corpora

of

funerary

or mode

of

transmission;

tombs,

age to Roman

three

that

in vol ume

The

texts

l iterature,

ste l ae,

great

Coffin Texts

comparabl e

on the statues

do

literature

mortuary/funerary 2

obscure, hitherto, is

mortuary/funerary

coffins,

and funerary

to

corpora

there the

of

this

not

share

al l

of

it

is

funerary

and Book of the Dead. What is

known

another

a singl e

periods

extant

col l ections

corpus,

contrary: we find of

texts

unl ike

the,

provenance

them on

from

of

the

papyri, pyramid

times.

* A preliminary version of this article has been read at the Toronto Conference in 1982. I am g rateful to Aleida Assmann, who translated the German text, to John Baines, who revised the translation, to Harry James and to Peter Dorman, who provided me with important unpublished material and to the Deutsche Forschung sg emeinschaft, who supported my work on s3§w during the years 1968-1971 and 1981-82. My g ratitude to Miriam Lichtheim, to whom I dedicate this report, is of a less specific character. But in addition to the debt of gratitude, which everyone of us owes her for her magistral volumes of Ancient Egyptian Lite­ rature, I feel a special oblig ation, for her article on harper's song s was among the vital instig ations which, once, set me on the track of mortuary litur­ gies . ! There is no German equivalent for the English distinction between »funerary« and »mortuary«, and with regard to the functional context of s3})w I feel myself

1

EGYPTIAN M O R T U A R Y LITURGIES

Without

the

similarity

external

criterion

("Aufzeichnungsform"),

longs to this new group of of

the

"inner

personal

of

f orm":

attitudes,

how

can

texts? We must

f ormulation by

locational

which

we

seek

to

transmissional

determine

what

typical

establish

themes, the

inter­

underlying

genre. 3 The def inition of

the new corpus is theref ore entirely

f erent

f rom

other

neous

in

that the

of

the

extreme:

»transf igurations*, spells,

etc. The all of

dramatic

texts

spells,

f ragments,

f or the use of

the living,

rites in the tomb. larity of

are meant

of

myth

of

f unction

the dead

f unction

three

laps. My leading motive collection of

new

theology

and

are

situation:

meant

­

perf orming his

and a semantic cohesion which are missing in

It would be wrong to suppose that the

and

accounts f or a regu­

the f unerary literature and which allow a better

parate f rom

f ood­

as a text to be read

i.e. the mortuary priest of

hymns,

aretalogies,

­ at least were originally

This identity

composition

heteroge­

texts,

dialogues,

dif ­

in this essay, however,

in the same context

but

are

ascension

f ragments

to introduce

texts

incantations,

spells,

the mortuary cult. They did not serve in the hereaf ter

whose

interrogations,

I propose

them rooted

of f ering

transf ormation

f erryman­texts,

lamentations,

corpora

be­

instead rely on f eatures

patterns,

we

and

known

understanding.

the new corpus is completely

corpora.

in gathering

There

are

substantial

over­

this corpus was not only

texts, but also the classif ication of

known

se­

the

texts

reluctant to make this distinction. The recitation of s3^v accompanied both the rites of the f uneral and the mortuary cult. I use »funerary« with regard to the funerary equipment, and »mortuary« with regard to the cult of the deceased. 3 For the theo'retical and methodical implications see Assmann (1975), 6­25 and 78­94.

2

JAN A S S M A N

according curve tion CT

in of

they

spells to

think

relied

with

forms. are

historical

amount I

genre.

(>

In

this

(Goyon

it

the

d ealing

33%food­spells« of the CT. The ma ny pa r­ a llels on sa rcopha gi of the Ptolemaic Period, however, provide no­ vel insights. Individua l spells from our liturgy a re here surroun­ ded by very simila r spells, a ll of which a re a ddressed to the de­ cea sed in the »0:2« form a nd conta in the sa me thema tic ma teria l. Simila r spells a lso occur on priva te mortua ry monuments of the LP. This shows how a bout 140 spells ca n be a dded to s3frw I.11

2.2 s3hw II: llr.14.12

s3j}w II is attested on 4 papyri. Its full title rea ds: 11

Those other texts are given individual provisional numbers starting with 100 in my notation: 12 See Moller (1900); Goyon (1974), 80; Assmann (1986). 999 Nr.14.

8

JAN A S S M A N

Beginning of the Great s3}}w to be recited at the 6th day fes­ tiva l, the festiva l of the mid­month a nd the month, a nd a t every festiva l of Osiris, by the chief lector priest of this temple.

In this text, the individua l spells a re not sepa ra ted by rubrics or columns. Twice, however, rubrics with indica tions of origin a re inserted: Found upon a leather roll in the libra ry of the temple of Osi­ ris from the time of king Amenophis III.13 Found upon a nother lea ther roll from the time of king Thutmo­ si III and Amenophis III in the libra ry of the temple of Osi­ ris at Abydos.14

The most striking fea ture of this liturgy is tha t 1) it

consists

exclusively

of

Pyra mid

a nd

(excluding spell

Coffin Texts.

Fig.5

shows identifica tions of the va rious spells. These identifica tions a llow us to divide the uninterrupted a nd 839, which a re ba dly preserved

text into 25 spells on the MK

(CT 838

coffins, obviously

form 2 sta nza s of a single spell) . We find, again the sa me cha ra c­ teristics of the genre a s in the first liturgy. All the spells ex­ cept the short Spell 15 are in the typica l »0:2« form. Spell 24 is »dra ma tic«. In terms of content, the principle of composition is not so clea r

a s in

s3fyw I. One rea son of this ma y be

tha t the

theme of the Stundenwachen is not fully ela bora ted in the Pyra mid Texts. Aga in a pplying the criteria a nd a bsence

of

the

sun­god,

the

of pa ssivity of the a ddressee first

nightly

sequence

ca n be

identified in 7­14 and the second in 24­25. The spell sequences 2­

13

Inserted in the middle of PT 690 = spell 19. "* Inserted before CT sp. 837 = spell 24.

9

EGYPTIAN M O R T U A R Y LITURGIES

6

and

15-23

repeatedly Egypt

develop

with

the theme

goddesses

of

of

ascension,

the

two

so signif icant

as

the

f act

early as the MK

cof f ins

indications

origin

of

contrary: the copies of the

are

1700

The

years

to

s3hw

same

spells.

f ashion

trace about

that

as

one of

they

and

Lower

spells" derived PT.

In

the

tombs, jambs

version

Proof

texts

of

of

this

of

is

of

Here,

the

that of

I have

14 of

f rom

the

also

inter­

the

occu­

tombs of are the

been

the

normally tomb able

which go back to in the

back

is

it is

the owner of

liturgies.

not

liturgy

in Theban

this conclusion

staircase s3t)w II

f rom

also occurs

derive

On

directly

and thicknesses

all address

mortuary

these

rubricized

as sources,must be

thus points

"door­spells"

f rom spell 1 of the

II

the Late Period.

the

the

order-as

exaggerations.

is quite dif f erent

These

that

same

is not

to those used f or the decoration

Evidence

probably

f rom this liturgy.

plete

Upper

the

rolls,mentioned

MK. of

in

shows

means

35 spells in this context,

PT. But every

in the

no

the

In these

inscribed with

This

s3hw

I, namely

Saite period. 1 6

occur

liturgy

that the context

rences of

II, so

of

associated

the individual spells

they

by

18th Dyn. leather

cof f ins.

of

(f ig.6). 13

f ound on private monuments esting

that

much older mss. similar

MK

at least

the

crowns

is

(spells 3, 5, 16, 17 and 23).

In this context,the age and origin

of

which

in to

the

liturgy s3i}w

Pyramid

is supplied

Texts by

but

"door­

our liturgy, which has no parallel TT

196,

preserved. 1 7

13

moreover, There

an

almost

com­

are, therefore, at

See Altenmuller (1972), 49­51. '« Cf. Assmann (1973), 95­97 and (1977), 26­28. 17 To be published by E.Graefe, who brought this version to my attention and provided me with his hand­copies.

10

JAN A S S M A N least

4 different

contexts

cons iderable time gaps

in which

between

liturgy

II was

s et down,

with

them:

1. MK coffins 2. 18th Eyn. leather rolls , us ed as the temple library at Abydos

liturgical ms s . in

{this

can only be in­

ferred from the indic ations of sourc es in the Pto­ lemaic

mss.)

3. Theban tombs of the Saite

Period, and

4. liturgic al papyri of the

In order

to

extend

different

c ontexts

spells of

the

(bec ause they

c offins Coffin

our c orpus, it in

Theban formed

so far produc ed

Ptolemaic

whic h tombs,

is

Period.

nec essary

liturgic al to

whic h

texts

I have

the starting point

of my

35 texts. Muc h more might

and

their

Texts,

to

extraordinary whic h

our

proac h. But before going

wealth

liturgy

deeper

into

to

be

of

offers

investigate

oc c ur.

given

The

the

the

door­

nrs.

1­99

investigation),

have

expec ted

from

the MK

insc riptions

known

a

new

c ompletely

this matter,

let me

as ap­

desc ribe

very briefly the liturgy sJ£w ECU.

2.4 s3()w III: Nr.l5 l e

s-lfrw III is attested werem. 1 ' The

16 spells

only onc e on a papyrus of

this

liturgy

18

are

of

the library

written

(in pBM

of

Pa­

10081)

Goyon (1974), 80; Assmann (1986) , 999 Nr.15. Schott (1930) and (1956). For another papyrus of this library see Cam inos (1972).

19

11

E G Y P T I A N M O R T U A R Y LITURGIES

in distinct columns (16-32). The title reads: s3hw, which is to be performed in the temple of Osiris by the chief lector priest of this temple. To be recited in »h3-snd« (i.e. with »iinw*-gesticulations) at every funeral festival Diagram 3 conveys an

idea of its composition. There

three seq uences. Part A

are roughly

(Spells 1-6) centers on ascension and re­

generation, drawing on material f rom the PT, CT and the ritual of the Opening of

the Mouth. Part B (Spells 7­9) contains a series of

7 PT, all of which are based on the "Osirian" idea of the deceased lying passively f orms

outstretched.

part of

We

know, now, that

this

conception

the nocturnal rites and recitations to be held in

the embalming­room or the sarcophagus­chamber.

Part C

(Spells 10­

16) contains spells of

the Stundenwachen type: this conf irms our

interpretation

preceding

Spell

10

of

even

the

prescribes

a

spells

as

recitation

a »by

nocturnal night*.

ritual. Since

a

prescription states that spell 2 is to be recited »in the evening* (m msrw), we may conclude that the recitation of

the liturgy is to

start in the evening and to continue into the night.

The history of

part B is particularly

interesting. The 7 Pyramid

Texts of this group occur in identical order not only in the Saite tomb of

Psamtek

those which

at

contain

Saqqara, but s3$w

already

II. On

these

on MK

cof f ins­ including

cof f ins, they

immediately

precede this liturgy. In the other sources, they end with 373 or 721 (see f ig.6).

12

JAN A S S M A N

2.5 Resume

Let me summarize this first stage in my investigation. I have sur­ veyed 3 mortuary liturgies from Ptolemaic temple scriptoria called s3hw. They contain 18, 25 and 16 spells, ­ 59 in all. More th an h alf of th ese are attested as early as th e Pyramid Texts. Wh ereas individual spells date back date

back

to th e OK, th e liturgies, as a wh ole,

to sources used for th e decoration of MK cof­

fins. We can be positive about th is because among th ese liturgies, we can find no Pyramid Text wh ich

is not also recorded on MK cof­

fins. Another significant reason is th at th eir sequence and redac­ tion is not

th at

of

th e

remaining texts of th e style of

Pyramid

pyramids

th at

Ptolemaic liturgies

Texts

wh ich

th emselves, perhaps only th rough servation, and

but

are

not

of are

th e

coffins.

Th e

(1) spells in th e

attested

in

th e

pyramids

accidents of transmission or pre­

(2) spells of th e Stundenwachen

type. These are re­

lated to Osirian rituals in Ptolemaic temples. But, the next stage in th e investigation will sh ow th at th e Stundenwachen date back to th e MK too.

3. Mortuary liturgies on MK coffins

3.1 Pyramid Text liturgies

Having by now gained somewh at firmer ground, we may look again at th e MK coffins in a new and promising ligh t. We know th at on th ese coffins are

inscribed

th e

same mortuary

liturgies wh ich

we find

1700 years later on liturgical papyri, and we have some idea of th e ch aracteristics of

th ese

liturgies.

13

We can now look

for

furth er

EGYPTIAN M O R T U A R Y LITURGIES

sequences our

of

spells

liturgies

bodily

and

sphere, known

in

personal

liturgies

the

with

the

consist

attested

reveals

extremely

the pyramids:

of

only often

spells

recognize

the oldest

dex shows

that

cation of seems of

to

the sarcophagus

ment

of

the

principles the walls

and

apply of

coffin, while

the

the

as

in

nourishment,

the

liturgy,

which

in the same order In

this

popular­into

liturgies the

across

is

the

liturgies

chamber

"literature"

literature

or

other figure

(if extant)

situated

already

in

at Allen's

In­

the Late

decorate

in­

may

liturgies

T he

first

we

separation

of

3

is,however,

group

(Osing 1987).

MK.

the

we may

on the N wall

spread

celestial

. As

Texts,

liturgy> and a glance

the most

sarcophagus

the

Pyramid

220­222. 2 0

and

chamber,while

in

such

with

spells. As a result,this

appears

here. T he

is

similarity

the S wall of his sarcophagus

ritual

deceased

a

integration

or contain

mortuary

observed

themes

one additional

texts, a certain be

in

show

sun-god, and Stundenwachen

213­219

Unas had it inscribed on

which

of pyramid

it remained

posite the offering

and

restitution,

further sequences

vestigation

coffins

formulation

community

look for

on

and

Period.

chamber

op­

In the

lo­

literature

the main magical walls.

walls equip­

Similar

prominently or on

the

inside, in direct

on

outer con­

tact with the deceased.

3.2 Coffin T ext

Besides

20

liturgies

identifying

pyramid

spells

on

MK

coffins, we

can

Cf. Altenrauller (1972), 46f. "Spruchfolge A"; Osing (1987), "C". 14

discover

JAN A S S M A N

sequences affinity able to 3 of

of to

our

among

genre

of

the

Coffin

mortuary

i d e n t i f y 6 such l i t u r g i e s

these

v o l s , of

spells

are

de

attested

Buck's

once

edition.21

volume of

his

edition.

For

these t h r e e major l i t u r g i e s ,

3 . 2 . 1 s3hw 1: CT s p e l l s

Liturgy V is and T h e b e s .

attested

23

In

be a m o r t u a r y with spell 7

24

s h a p e of

twice

The

this

liturgies. S o f ar, I in the

or

t h e i r u n i t y i s so m a n i f e s t , t h a t

Texts , p r o p e r , w h i c h

and

remaining

three

1-3.

been

among t h e often

it

in

survey, I c o n f i n e

which I w i l l number

an

sequences.

occur

de Buck h a s o b s e r v e d brief

have

spell

scattered

show

7

and

the

1st

myself

to

22

1-26.

in Middle

2 mss. i t

Egypt

is stated

liturgy:

dd mdw:

,the t i t l e

reads :

s3hw.

(El

Bersheh,

Meir,

Assiut)

in a h o r i z o n t a l

title

line

In

another

version

to

starting

B e g i n n i n g of t h e Book of J u s t i f y i n g a Man i n t h e N e t h e r w o r l d ,

e m p h a s i z i n g t h e s p e c i f i c t h e m a t i c f o c u s of t h i s

Through

the

composed of 26,

later

transmission

2 parts.

forms with S p e l l

of

Liturgy

The s e c o n d p a r t , 1 a short

1, we

consisting

version.

21

liturgy.

This

know of

occurs

that

it

CT s p e l l s already

is 20-

on 4

Assmann (1986), 999 Nrs. 4-6. S ystematically, Nr.l should have been reserved for PT 213-222, the oldest and » c l a s s i c a l « l i t u r g y . But,there are most c e r t a i n l y several other l i t u r g i e s s t i l l to be i d e n t i f i e d within the abundant mass of sj/jv-like s p e l l s in the pyramids, which should also precede, in numerotation, the CT S3§H. Thus ,I p r e f e r to indicate the PT l i t u r g i e s by l e t t e r s (A to . . . ) and to s t a r t anew with the CT l i t u r g i e s . 23 For T2C see CT spell 844. 24 There are good reasons to assume that .liturgy 1 o r i g i n a l l y s t a r t e d with S pell 7, as do MC 105, T9C, TIL and TINY, because in S pell 62 the l i t u r g y seems to be quoted by i t s incipit »$£s cJ« (CT I 268f). 22

15

EGYPTIAN MORTUARY

MK co ffins 2 5 , and was part, part

o r

CT

dramatic

later taken o ver as Ch.169 o f

spells

(CT 7-9)

1-19,

deals

enactment

o f

c eased

justified

share

o f

o f

his

the

o f

1­6 have an

assumption

»0:2«, they awaken

introduc tory the dead

that

trial. The refrain that there the dead his new

are ac tually

there are

of

4 spells,

the rather mss. Part

ment of

In

the

a justified not

arbitrary

the

10

position

versions. With

scene

and

differs

in that rather

the later

the

dec eased

In

him you

the

is

with

the dead> this sec tion

fro m de­

than

be­

"c lassi­ c an

enter

vic torious

equipment

for

by

de

in the

shows

him

ac c ording

in

some

the

in

and was

of

to the

justific a­

this part

c onc eption

grew obsolete

the

address

ac c laim

Buc k

marks

why

10­19

of

Horus. Here, again,

exc lusively with

the reason

form

may be justified"

separation

the c hange

a

the

typic al

form ,they

numbered

of

in

3h.

»0:2«

1 is,therefore,c onc erned

the dec eased. This

in later

"so that

middle

deceased

4 (and not 6) spells. Spells

after ­the—trial. identity

tion of

m3 -hrw.k

The

and

c harac ter.

and provide

c

the

enemies

version

into the Netherworld only as a justified Spells

o f

judgment

personal

this

the BD. The 1st

sectio ns.

scene. This

the act

Both

three

justificatio n

judgment

against

ac c usant.

c al" c onc eption

the

the

representatio ns

fore a divine

co nsists

with

the later is

LITURGIES

is

of

missing

the

judg­

substituted

by

texts like BD 125 and 30.

The

sec ond

netrated "spell

25

part

into

is

the

for putting

one

of

BD. There up

the

few

mortuary

it bears

the bier".

This

HC 105; T9C; TIL; BH5C.

16

the

liturgies

title:

refers

r3

n

whic h c

c

s h

unambiguously

pe­

hnkjjt to

the

JAN A S S M A N

situation of the vigil, the embalment and tr ansfigur ation

of

the

two r epr esentations

in

per for med

in

the

sponding scenes

sh ow

ons state

th ese

th at

ch amber ­ hnkjjt val period

tomb

context

cor pse.

of

the

of

a

spells

of

is

are

to be

in

come across some

tion. CT 20­23 deal with th e integrity

rites of ring

th e

is kept

script, but

h as

fully

by not

or ancient copyists

lamentations

Th oth ,

keeping with

wh ile Spell of

embalming

been recognized

Isis by as

26

Hari

(1985)

pis.

24 lists

and

Anubis. such

th e

even after the

th eir

25

by modern

func­

th e deceased th e

Neph th ys, CT

acces­

typical

slaugh te­

is

a

post­

translators

(wh o sh ould h ave used red ink for it):

Th is is a glorifying (transfiguring ­ ning of th e West, agreeable in th e h eart of Re, satisfying in th e h eart of h is court, th e guardians of mankind.

In th is context,th e

arch eologi­

accessible

th e bodily reconstitution of

of h is person,

vigil:

offerings

is

Th e capti­

th e time of Amenoph is

in

spells

cor r e­

sarcoph agus

ch amber is no longer separated from

th ese

"opening

3h) speech

of th e West" means

XXIX and XXXIII s e e p . 4 2 f .

17

and

-

twice a year for a festi­

Th e

and

The

th e

(Assmann,1984).

of

by

Nefer -hotep

funeral by means of a sloping passage

content

confir med

litur gy.

recited

practice. After

th e tomb by a pit, but

the

find two spells fr om BD

mor tuar y

is to be opened

th is ritual

III, the sarcoph agus

concer ns

th e outstretch ed mummy and torch es.

­ wh ich

for

This

Gods-father

Ther e;we

of 8 days. I h ave recently

cal evidence

sible part

the

the time of Hor emheb. 2 6

TT 50 - of 169

outstr etched

funer al,and

46f.

and

th e entry

an

ope­

into th e

EGYPTIAN MORTUARY LITURGIES

Netherworld accorded

to the ju stified deceased. The recitation of

this litu rgy, most probably repeated at is

a

festivals,

typical

introdu ces

closing

anonymou s speaker

u tterance

emerges

rious a ctions which he liturgy.

He

ha s

honor a mong

the

tion omitted

in

him to Re and

in

the

form

his cu lt-role

the d3d3t.

»1:2«.

The

dea d.

upon

Since

the

this

decea sed

reca lls

the

renown,

the

the

26

va­

preceding

respect

theme of

the BD version, it is consistent

CT

hitherto

and explicates

ha s performed while reciting

conferred

from

a lso a bsent

pronou nced on the day of his death and

a nd

justific a ­

tha t this CT is

from the BD. Instea d ,BD 169 supplies a

lenghthy

contin­

ua tion in the »0:2«­form which is not in the CT.

BD 169 lea ds coffins of of

to yet a nother group of texts:

the NK

the gods:

a nd the

4

Isis

sons

of Geb,

21

169.17­19

a nd La te Period. There, we find a nd Nephthys,

of Horus.

words prima rely

Geb

provide

representa tions

a ddress

the

a

speech

(not in

CT)

to

of

Amset,

22 to

gra ndson

a

speech

of Ha pi,

further

of Horus

confirma tion

for

a

speech of 169.20­21

a nd BD

27

These

supposition

were mea nt for recita tion during the hourly

with

speech

Dua mutef, to

a

BD

speech

169.21­22, 25­26 to a

Jr-rn.f-ds.f.27 the

Thoth

decea sed

derived from BD 169. CT 20 corresponds to a

to

the

speeches on

a nd Nut, Horus, Anubis,

These deities

of the gra ndson of Horus Hq3m33~jtj.f speech of

the divine

vigil.

tha t

occurrences these

texts

28

See Assmann (1984), 288 n.60. For the very strong connection between the ritual of the hourly vigil and the decorations of coffins a nd sa rcopha gi see Assma nn (1972), (1977) a nd Wa itkus (1987) . 28

18

JAN A S S M A N

3.2.2.

Lit.2 2

Liturgy

occurs

distinct

or

in

the

confirm

2:

CT

only

on

parts. tomb.

this

44-62

coffins

Part

The

(fig.10)

1

from

El-Be rshe h.

(Spe lls

nume rous

c o n ne c t i o n :

44-48)

and

PT

Again

e voke s

e laborate

223,

for

it

rite s

consists

of

pe rforme d

at

concluding

instance ,

is

u t te r a n ce s

re pe ate d

t h re e

t i me s : Be t a ke be not All

the se

nually is

yourse lf far from

concluding

renew

and

obviously

the

ding The

utterances first

part

Part

2

comprises

outwards. tations leis. I

f

we

cult

doors to

part

Spells

51

tions

by

these

spells

29

4. 30

59

Isis

of

marks

the

the

the

49

the

the

a

"you

are

8

U p

my

by

60A, it

deceased

on

contains

What style

and

One

the

of

the

am

with

next

his

way

son!"

then

group to

of

the

part

additionally considerable

turns reci­

for the

a

us. late

regular

liturgies.30

late we

in

necropo­

of

enacting

Here,

conclu­

actions

surprises

the

This

your

action

be

conti­

meta­communica­

the

to

to

hearer.

of

I

deals

several

parallel. is

and

these

otherwise,

fashion

de sire

father,

open,and

similar

grand

liturgy.

daybreak, and

us

the

speaker

spells

to

teaches

Nephthys.

their

this

by

Stundenwachen

dramatic

produce

of

wrjjt

liturgy

Spell

and is

60B

marke d

between

into

49­61.

considered

in to

with:

accompany

of

Osiris,

Stundenwache

concern

Spells

The

are

contact

segmented

night.

hitherto of

major

at

seems

This

assure

is

statements.

wrjjt

utte rance s

begins

tive

the

to m e , d r a w n e a r to m e , t h y t o m b , t u r n to m e ! 2 9

find

lamenta­

striking

about

length,

their

CT I 182h­183c;

190g­191a; 238a­c; Pyr. §§ 216; 645; 1342; pBM 10819, VII, 3­

See Soukoussian

(1982), Assmann

(1985) and Smith

19

(1987), 22 ff.

EGYPTIAN M O R T U A R Y LITURGIES solemn arid elaborate fully

balanced

»introdu ctory

composition.

characteristics,

develops

proclamations*

Spell

another on which

text is

with

the

Horus. I tak e

»l:2«­type

this spell

ted with Liturgy

2,

rites,and

stress

their

describes

the

translation of

value

care­

all

these

shares

theme.

it is repeated five

the

speak er

to accompany for

the

overcoming

of

himself

meta­text,

the

the incipit

funeral

The middle

nocturnal

stanza

crisis.

a crux.

of the

as

unconnec­

and commentonthe

deceased.

It

times. The

presenting

this passage has hitherto presented

it can be solved if we identify

their

extraordinary

to be an independent

intended

ritual

which

rather

occurs only on one coffin, of

62,

and

three

The

I think

liturgies

which we have found on the coffins: the the the For and

hbs

»hbs-t3« is recited for you, rebel who comes in the night is driven off for you, thief of the dawn. you are performed nocturnal rites, the jj thb-wr the An.mw­lamentations of the house of Isis. 3 1

t3 is

1, jj

thb

the

introduction

wr mark s

repeated over 2. All three only source

the

and over

of Spell

enigmatic

beginning

Spell

core of

Liturgy

62.

Incidentally,

this

which deals

the

tion of the pleasures

with

Liturgy

3, frnmw is of Liturgy

text offers

tomb decoration.

community

of

the same coffin which

esting hint as to the meaning of with

scene

as a refrain in the lamentations

liturgies are present on of

7, the

sun­god,

an

there

is a

than the well­k nown motifs of

31

CT I 268 f­j. as CT I 268 k­ 270 d. The sw.t njwt £ms-jl> are mentioned I 269 a.

20

inter­

In the 3rd part, descrip­

to be enjoyed at the places of sms-ib.32

diversions are none other

is the

Such

tomb­deco­

JAN A S S M A N rations., such

as

fowling, and

excursions

Liturgy VII

is attested

by spell

as

62

part

are obvious the PT and

of

allusions there

identify them

is

it

is

designation s3hw. liturgies and their

various

Perhaps

of

and

unusual

in

reference

two

spells

(e.g. rdj

mention

rituals

zJt; of

to the

are

the

(liba­

a ritual

the

to

performance

of

according

Liturgies

with

than a

spells

to

consist

while

titles

the

to

water

rituals

to

ritual 4

must­ Only

to rites

and

contain

the

between emphasis

of

which

liturgy.

references

only

there ­

associated

72: lustration

no explicit

performances,

formances with concomitant

Spell 73 introduces

also

respects:

mw n 3h, giving

explicitly

more

these

components.

accompanying

is

correspondences

We can determine the difference

mortuary

Quoted

rites

the spells have functional

lustration

that

Thebes.

(h3wj) , this liturgy

word­for­word

clear

69, contain

significant

is

if not

is really

66 and

and

Spells 1-10 evoke sacrificial

a very

Four

(e.g.63:

j ars) . This part two spells,

­

others

El-Bersheh

ritual"

liturgy

as ritual

deceased) ,

functions

fishing

11­18 refer to the vigil.

the

specific rituals.

the

at Saqqara,

in two parts.

first

papyrus-marshes,

(fig.11)

a "nocturnal

tion and nourishment),

The

the

hunting in the d esert.

3.2.3 Liturgy 3: CT 63-74

organized

in

mortuary laid

recitations consist

of

on and

per­

recitations.

a typical sequence of nocturnal

21

recitations

at

EGYPTIAN M O R T U A R Y LITURGIES

the

vigil:

the

the

a ppea ra nce

la m e n ta t i o n s

s ta n za s

by

(PT

a nd

670

837-839,

In

this

PT

performed

in/a t a nd

4. M o r t u a r y

Before most

corate d

for

are

on

In

BD

s pe l l s by

side

of

( i n ne r

part) . The

it

the

mortuary

contains

of

(CT

Tombs

3,

I

of

2nd

in

=

PT

point

to

LP

being

=

306), comes

of

of

PT

divided

the

532) ,

into

the

sequence

of

s3frff I I .

liturgies

sa c r i f i c ia l

concerned

6

la m e n ta t i o n

versions

structure

18th

with

is

rites

rites

for

dyn.

should

like

la ter

the

4 wa lls

our

s31jw

to

el of

Ba ha ri the

which

e ntrance . ( o u te r

Se ne nmut­Ve rsion e xtraordinary

a ttention

c a r ve d

is

is

of

and

mortuary

particularly

combination

find

of

a

NK

a re

t he the

de­

•­The se East se p a ­

l i te r a t u re

significant our

a

Sen-en-mut

re l ie f . on

to

is

cha mber

l o c a te d

He re , again, w e part)

There

tomb

second

c a re f u l l y 3

ca l l

t ra n s m i s s i o n .

Deir

ve r y

l i t u r g ie s

an

this

74,

73

Kingdom

in

the

832

(CT

mummy.

of

its

(CT

consisting

the

tomb, the

pre ce de d

e ithe r

pa r t

the New

liturgy

this

ration

that

of

f ea t u r e

this

with

spe lls

tomb,

Liturgy

Nephthys

bipa rtite

1st

in T h e b a n

rema rka ble

(TT 3 5 3 ) . 3 4

wall

the

Nephthys

conclusion

tra nsfiguring

lea ving

pa ra llel

the

a nd

a ga in) . At

typica l

liturgies

Liturgies

a nd

forms the

the

Isis

a scension

once

c l ea r :

protecting

4.1

532

which

text,

e s p e c ia l l y

Isis

refra in33),

a

CT

of

of

te x t

in

with

33 For similar divisions in Stundenwachen-texts, corr e sponding to the diffe re nt hours (ofte n marke d by hut "stanza") se e Smith (1987), 80 (a) and Junke r (1910), 24. 34 To be publishe d by Pe te r F.Dorman in the MMA se rie s, who has kindly provide d me with his copie s of the te xts.

22

JAN A S S M A N another

mortuary

l iturgy,

thereby

yiel ding

an

important

further

specimen of our genre.

This text, which

I shal l

for the

minor

the

l iturgies.

NK

CT-l iturgies As

text.

In

the

J8th

are

cult chambers. Thi s tual use

i n

ed

already,

that

funerary li terature

the

li terature

the

(the

into

l ink

detail s,

I

with wil l

to the question of transmission

on walls

and

l iturgies

for

the

l iterature by their

Lo­

pi llars

are

of

of the

accessi ble

corresponds more closely to thei r ac­ earli er

di mi ni shes

li turgi es

i nto funerary

occurrence

of

are

preserved

li terature.

li turgi es

i n

the

only

I menti on­ corpora

from PT to BD. Thi s process

of

of di f­

called i t, can be dated more preci sely. At

li turgi es

BD) , we

go

the funerary

i nserted

ferenti ati on, as I have the ti me when

from

whereas

were

to

(reserving nrs.4-6

an interesting

tombs, mortuary

locati on

ri tual,

i nsofar as they

forbids

Dyn.

si tuated

as no.7

) , offers us

rel ating

first time distinguished cati on. They

33

space

stress just one point the

here designate

vi rtually

f i nd

di sappear'from

evi dence

for

them

tombs and on separate papyri . I have i denti fi ed

i n

the the

18th

extensi ve

from mortuary li turgi es i n the followi ng addi ti onal

funerary Dyn.

extracts

Theb.T.:

I

1. ) The tomb of

the vi zi er Rekh-mi-Re

TT 100,

temp. Th III ­ Am II

(Davi es 1943) 2. ) The tomb of the vi zi er Imn­m­i pt TT 29, temp. Am II hed)

30

See Assmann (1986), 999.

23

(unpubli s­

EGYPTIAN M O R T U A R Y LITURGIES

3.) The

tomb

of

the gods-father

Neferhotep

TT

50,

temp.

Horemheb

cl osel y

rel ated.

(Hari 1985).

The Most

l iturgical of

extracts

their

spel l s

spel l s jnjw.k pt wn n.k

t3

thee" TT

29)

Re, the

m pt

a l so

("if

TT

100

occur

thou

art

("The sky is opened are

spel l

htpt-ntr.f,

in

among

jnjw.k

"spel l

his offerings". sentation of

the

m pt

bears

This

the offerings.

other

contexts.

in

the sky" TT 1 0 0 3 6 )

the

thee, the earth is opened

for

titl e r3 n jnt order

to a meal are

This

spell

mortuary liturgies sitions.

G.

interpreted

the

b een

as an

of

of the mortuary liturgies.

rent liturgical

mss.

reception

however,

anywhere

texts were not copied

teaches us

do

they

is

of

the

PT

of ancient specific the

It is now possib le

from ancient

tomb s and

of

in the NK and reception

and

Late

pre­

versions

to modify

in

ssp.f

receive

the actual

the

Silverman

go outside

of

our suppo­ others

Period

have tom b s

sources. What

nature

of

these

restricted

genre

to affirm

that

coffins, but

these

from cur­

of the mortuary service. What they exhib it is

not learned excavation b ut continual

The title of the other popular tes that

D.

archaistic revival

noticed,

of

Rekh-mi-

he may

different

illustration

H.Altenmuller,

history

revivals. Hardly

an

in general, and

Mdller,

and Ptol. papyri has never

provides

In

3t} r djt

that

precedes

three

and

recorded.

this spell in the CT, all of which are also attested later. 3 7

these, the n.k

3t} in

There

Of

wn

frequentl y

the

summoning

29 are

in

for

most

summoning

and TT

it is to b e recited

spell,

use.

wn n.k pt

wn n.k

at the presentation

36

t3, indica­

of offerings

(r3

Davies (1943), pi. 96 = CT spell 902 and the statue of T3wj in Philadelphia, see Silverman (1979) and Clere (1981). 37 See Assraann (1984), 286 with n. 42­47.

24

JAN A S S M A N a w3h htpw).3e

F.R.Herbin,

has collected

no less

private monuments, is similar

who is preparing

than

40 occurrences

especially

with many

Theban

spells among

a study of of

it, most

this spell, of which

on

tombs of the NK. The position

the mortuary

liturg ies,

althoug h

outlined above and acknowledg e

not only

none is quite so widespread.

If we apply

the principles

parallels and

free variants,

as specimens of our g enre, another

200 spells. At

but

also new

spells

of

the

same

type

it is possible to enlarg e the corpus by

present,

16 liturg ies and approximately

my collection

500 dispersed

comprises

a core

of

spells.

4.2 Papyri

4.2.1 pBM 10209

Both of the spells just mentioned - the summoning pt and the presentations of offering s cur in this 10209

order

(ed. Haikal

the

corpus.

The

f or

all

of

them

The

title

genre.

in

one of

1970/72), remaining show of

the

this

wn n.k pt

the

"Funerary

which

should

8

spells

wn n.k

- oc­

theref ore

conf irm

has

jnjw.k

Papyri"

characteristic liturgy

to a meal

been

this

t3

of

Nesmin,

be

included

pBM in

identif ication,

f eatures

of

constantly

the

s3hw

misunder­

stood. It reads: 38

The title is indicated in the oldest preserved parallel on a f unerary pot from Harageh, see Gunn (1923), pi.79. For a recent publication of one of the in­ numerable variants see Testa (1986) .

25

EGYPTIAN M O R T U A R Y LITURGIES

Extract from39 the book of the Valley Festival.

The title shows this liturgy to be connected with the Theban mor­ tua ry cult, wherea s a ll the liturgies in the other Ptolema ic pa ­ pyri were linked with the cult of Osiris a t Abydos. We ma y. there­ fore, conclude tha t s3hw 12 is much closer to the pra ctica l func­ tion of the genre

tha n it is the

ca se for s3hw 13­16

(I­IV), in

their Ptolemaic reception.

These rema rks

on

the

a bunda nt

genre

of mortua ry

liturgies

ha ve

brought us ba ck to our sta rting point. The Ptolemaic pa pyri guided us back to the MK coffins, from there we moved to the tombs of the NK, whence we ha ve returned to the Ptolema ic pa pyri. This pa ttern of investiga tion is not a riods. Ra ther, it mirrors

ra ndom stroll through the different pe­ the essentia l links

in the network of

tra dition. In fig. 15, five typica l spells a re selected in order to illustra te these connections. The genre of s3hw remained vita l and productive for a s long extra ordina ry

a s it wa s used in mortua ry pra ctice. Its

longevity

is

to

be

a ccounted

for

not

by

a n

•a ntiqua ria n interest in a ncient texts«, but by its continuing to ha ve a practical function.

4.2.2 pBM 10819

If there can be anything like a proof in ma tters of historica l re­ 39 F.Ha ika l (1972), 16 rea ds jnj r s3hw n h.3b jnt and translates "Book of bringing (the soul) to the glorifica tions of the Festiva l of the Va lley". The true reading is jnj r sfdw (or another term for book, scroll) n h3b jnt. jnj r has the technica l mea ning "extra cted from" or "rendered a ccordir.g to", s. Ass­ mann (1969), 222 n.171.

26

JAN A S S M A N

construction, it is provided by a recently acquired and unpublis­ hed papyrus in the British Museum.40 This religious papyrus of the 18th.

Dynasty contains neither a Book of the Dead nor any temple

liturgy of the divine service. Instead, it has a mortuary liturgy linked by various parallels to our familiar NR . liturgies. The text is not quite complete. The first column(s) are missing. The 8 co­ lumns preserved on the recto contain 16 spells, the 134 lines on the verso contain 25 spells. Some of them occur more than once. Most of the spells from TT 100 and TT 29, and from TT 50 and TT 353 reappear in this liturgy. This papyrus must once have served the lector priest Osiris, the

to perform

scribe

c

P3- 3.

the mortuary

This is a vital

service

of

record of

a certain the actual

context in which the liturgies were used. The l)3bt or »fest roll* of P3-c 3 is invaluable in that it shows us a mortuary liturgy in its proper place and not in its usual displaced position in coffin or tomb decoration.*1

"° It was in 1971 when I first came across this unique piece, then labelled »medical«, in the exhibition of the BM. Thanks to the extraordinary generosity of H.James, who sent me a set of excellent photographs, I have been able to take a more specific notice of its content. In view of the publication by T.G.H.James, which is in preparation, I restrict myself here to very few remarks of a more general character. 41 Another f est roll {h3bt) , which is explicitly designated as such on its verso, is pBerlin 10482 (ed.Grapow 1915). It contains, however, only one s3hvspell (CT sp.225), the rest being food­ and transformation spells (CT spells 169­171; 109; 329; 417; 89; 149) see Lesko (1979), 72.

27

EGYPTIAN MORTUARY LITURGIES Bibliography

Altenmiiller, H. (1972), Die Texte zum Begrabnisritual in den Pyramiden des Alten Reichs. Agyptologische Abh. 24. Assmann, J. (1972), "Neith spricht als Mutter und Sarg", in: MDAIK 28, 115-139. - , Das Grab des Basa. AV 6. Mainz. - , (1975), Agyptische Hymnen und Gebete. Zurich. - , (1977), Das Grab der Mutirdis. AV 13.

M ainz.

- , (1984), "Das Grab mit gewundenem Abstieg. Zum Typenwandel des Privat-Felsgrabes im Neuen Reich", in: MDIK

40, 277-290.

- , (1985), "Stundenwachen", in: LA VI, 104-106. - , (1986), "Verklarung", in: LA VI, 998-1006. Barta, W.

(1981) , Die Bedeutung der Pyramidentexte fur den ver-

storbenen Konig. MAS 39. Burkard, G. (1986), Grabung im Asasif 1963-1970 III. Die Papyrusfunde. AV 22. Mainz. - , (1988), Spatzeitliche Osirisliturgien im Corpus der Asasif-Papyri. Unpublished Habil.-Diss. Caminos, R.A.

(1972),

"Another

Hieratic M s.

from the Library of

Pwerem Son of Kiki", in: JEA 58, 205-24. Clere, J.J. (1981), "La table d'offrandes de l'echanson royal saRenenoutet surnomme Tchaouy", in: BIFAO Davies, N.de G.

(1943),

81, 213-234.

The Tomb of Rekh-mi-Re^

at Thebes. New

York. Englund, G. (1978) Akh - une notion religieuse dans 1'Sgypte pharaonique. Upsala. Goyon, J.C.

(1967),

"Le ceremonial

28

de glorification

d'Osiris

du

JAN A S S M A N papyrus du Louvre I 3079 -

, (1974),

gages

"La litterature

de l'Sgypte

Grapow, H.

(col.110-112)",

Mittleren

Reichs.

Gunn, B.

(1923),

funeraire tardive",

pharaonique

(1915),

Ober

III. Kairo,

einen

65,

89-156.

in: Textes

et

lan-

73-81.

agyptischen

Totenpapyrus

des

fruhen

SPAW. "The

Hieroglyphic and

Engelbach, W., Gunn, B., Harageh. Haikal, F.M.H.

in: BIFAO

(1972),

Hieratic

Inscriptions",

London, 30-32,

Two Hieratic

Funerary

in:

pi.79.

Papyri

of Nesmin.

BAE

divin

Neferhotep

(TT

14-15. Hari,

R.

(1985),

La

tombe

th6baine

du

pere

SO). Genf. Junker,

H.

(1910),

den Inschriften Lesko,

L.

Die

Stundenwachen

in Dendera,

(1979),

Index

of

Edfu

and Related

Documents.

Moller,

G.

Ober

Berliner Osing,

Museums J.

in: MDIK

Schott, S.

enthaltenen

(1987),

42,

,

"Zur

Silverman.. D.

III:

in einem

N r.54.

Egyptian

Middle

spathieratischen

Pyramidentexte.

und Mythenbildung

14,

(1982),

in the N ew Kingdom", de recherches,

nach

Kingdom

Berkeley.

Disposition

"Totenbuch

Feinden", in: MDIK

seum

DAWWien

der

Papyrus

des

Berlin.

Pyramidentexte

des

(1930), "Drei Spruche gegen Feinde", in: Z AS 65,

(1956) ,

Smith, M.

on

Osirismysterien

Unas",

131-144.

~ , (1945), Mythe ~

die

den

und Philae.

the Spells

Coffins

(1900),

in

175

in

im alten

einem

Agypten.

Ritual

zur

UGAA

35-42. 15.

Vernichtung

von

181-189. "Coffin

Text

Spell

in: L'Egyptologie

902 and

en 1979.

fts Axes

Later

Usages

prioritaires

I, 67-70.

(1987),

Catalogue

The Mortuary

Texts

of Demotic of Papyrus

29

Papyri

in

BM 10507.

the British London.

Mu­

EGYPTIAN M O R T U A R Y LITURGIES Soukiassian,

G.

(1982),

d'Osiris", in: BIFAO Szczudlowska,

A.

82,

"Une

version

des

viellees

horaires

333-348.

(1972),

"Liturgical

Text

P reserved

on

Sekowski

P apyrus", in: ZAS 98, 50-80. Testa,

P .

(1986),

"Un

di Napoli", in: JEA 72, Waitkus, W.

(1987),

'Collare'in

Faience

nel

Museo

Archeologico

91-99.

"Zur Deutung

einiger

apotropaischer

Tal der Koniginnen und im Grabe Ramses'III.",

30

Gotter

in: GM 99, 51-82.

im

JAN A S S M A N

Titles of liturgies

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

K

L

s3hw

I

-

f

-

a

a

d

b

-

f

b

-

-

7

s3hw

II

a

-

a

-

b

-

c

-

-

-

-

-

4

s3hw

III

c

-

-

-

s3hn

iv

-

-

-

-

c

-

-

b

g

-

a

a

5

Great Ceremony of Geb

-

e

-

-

-

-

a

-

-

-

-

-

2

Averting the Evil

One

_

b

-

-

-

c

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

Casting Down Seth

.

_

c

-

-

-

b

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

-

-

2

Protecting the nsmt-bark Bringing in Sokar c

s r

c

-

d

-

-

-| -

-

a d

M

total

-

e

1

d g

-

-

b

-

c

s

A = pBM 10081 B = pBM 10252 C = pBM 10255 D = pBM 10317 E = pBM 10319 F = pLouvre 3129 G = pBerlin 3057 H = pNew York 35.9.21 1 = pLeiden T 31 K = pKrakau L = pLouvre 3079 M =PBM 10208 F

ig.l: Distribution of liturgies in liturgical papyri of the Ptolemaic Period

31

5

EGYPTIAN M O R T U A R Y LITURGIES spell

inc ipit

1

"jj z3 wr nd.n.f

interpersonal jtj.f

dramatic

2

rs wr nhs

J

c c

4

wn pt,

wn t3

0:0, 0:2

5

J ft J m

jrw.k

0:2

6

wtz

tw hr

7

c

jr.k

8

c

9

htp dj njswt

10

c c

11

c

hj

12

hr wr hr

13

dj

14

jn n.k

15

jj jnjw

b3w

16

mj,

wtz

tw, jw.k

17

wtz

tw,

Wsjr

18

sq3

tw wrw njw

n

wr 2B: JJ Wsjr,

wrw ZDj

h°

nh.tj

h .k

zJ.k

snmw

gs.k

0:2

r bw hr

mJw.tj

ntr

0:2

rnp.tj

0:2

htp

szp n.k jr.k

mrj.k

hftjw

dj Gbb 9B: wnn.k

t.k 10B jw Wsjr n hrw

m

ntr

gs.f

hr.k

0:2 0:2 0:0, 0:2

gs.f

dramatic

sdt

fig. 2 : s3hw

0:0, 0:2

Gbb

0:2

sntj.kj

dramatic 0:2

wtz.tj

0:2 0:2

P

I: segmentation,

form of

32

spells

form

JAN A S S M A N spell form Nr.

reference to ritual

d ramatis personae

1

d ram.

wrjjt

Horus, Isis & Nephthys Thoth, 4 sons of Horus, 4 Anubises

2

d ram.

presenting Same as 1, + Seth and his followers c nh w?q '

episod es

Hourly vigil, apotropaic rites in the wrjjt

—

4 geese 3 4

6

Horus, Isis & Nephthys Geb, Nut, Atum

d ram. 0:0,0:2 meal

Re, Nut

0:2

Horus, I&N, God s. Re

0:2

"turning outward " 1st meal, worship 2nd

2n d

meal

0:2

Re

8

0:2

Re

9

0:0,0:2 3rd

10

0:2

11

0:2

Thoth, Horus, Nut, Re

12

0:0,0:2 evening rites

Re, Geb

meal

Tnnt

worship

Re

3rd

meal

Re, Geb, I&N

worship

'turning inward "

13

d ram.

14

0:0

"Incense". God s. Ferryman torch, incense: closing rites at evening Geb, Horus, I&N

15

d ram.

"God s who bring the Ba's"

16

0:2

Horus, I&N

17

0:2

same as 16

18

0:2

same

fig,• 3: s3bw

incense, ascension

meal

Re

I: ritual structure

33

ad oration in the EjC h f•V U L

EGYPTIAN MO R T U A R Y LITURGIES spells

literal parallels

free variants

singular spells on private monuments

1

Stundenwachen (SW) 107.85-108.98

2

2B = s3ftw III

135; 147

3

SW 116

125; 177; 34: 126

4

§5: 126

5

146

6

PT 482/670

7

ill; 114

8

115 ("BD 192")

9

CT food spells

121; 131; 128; 208

10

CT food spells e.g. 278, 287, 581-583

154

148; 149

11 12

PT 677+365+373A

13

PT 269-70

14

155

s3t}W III 8-9

PT-style

15

"BD 191"

16

153

17 18 Fig.4: s3l)w I: parallels and variants. Nrs. in col. 4 refer to temp. Nrs. in the corpus.

34

JAN A S S M A N

spell incipit

parallels

form

1

-

0:2

PT 373

0:2

PT 721=CT 516

0:2

2

jjti h j j jhj wtz tw N pw: szp n.k tp.k

3

h 3 N pw, wtz t* r Krw jr.*

4

h 3 N pw, Sm.ri.k 3h .k sm.n.k m nfr

5

wr.tj, N pw, d3.tj, Npw

6

h 3 N pw, sm.k pw Zmwt.k jptn c

PT 422

0:2

PT 374+CT 517

0:2

PT 424

0:2

7

c

h 3 Wsjr N

8

h 3 wsjr N jn n.k Gb Hrw nd.f tw

9

h 3 wsjr N, Hrw nw m hnw

10

c

h 3 wsjr N h° , rdj.n Hrw h

11

h 3 wsjr N mn n.k qbh .k jpn

PT 423

0:2

12

h 3 wsjr N rdj.n Hrw dmd tw ntr.w

PT 370

0:2

13

h 3 wsjr N, dj.n tw Hrw m-h3t ntr.w

PT 371

0:2

14

h 3 wsjr N jrs jr.k

PT 372

0:2

PT 332+722

0:0

h , wtz tw ms.n tw mwt.k Nwt PT 366

c

jwj.kj

c c

.k

PT 367

0:2

PT 368

0:2

PT 369

15

N pw nw prjw m hn

16

wrs wr hr k3.f jb3n jr.f wr pn hr k3.f PT 468

17

h r wr hr gs.f nmnm jmj ndjt

0:2

0:2

0:0,0:2

PT 412

0:0,0:2

18

wtz tw hr qsw.k bj3w

PT 723=CT 519

0:2

19

rs Wsjr nhs ntr jb3gjj

PT 690

0:0,0:2

20

n3 N pw jnk z3.k jnk Hrw

PT 674

1:2

2l

'

22

h 3 N wr wrs