Assignment of Chromatography

Chromatography  is an actual process of separation that distributes element to separate between

two phases, one stationary (stationary phase), the other (the mobile phase) passing in a definite direction. The prime is the mobile phase, giving up the column. The island is the solvent that  bearing the analyzes. There are twelve types are:

(1) Column Chromatography (2) aper Chromatography (!) Thin "ayer Chromatography (#) $as Chromatography (%) &igh erformance "i'uid Chromatography () ast rotein "i'uid Chromatography (*) +upercritical luid Chromatography () -ffinity Chromatography () /eversed hase Chromatography (10) Two imensional Chromatography (11) yrolysis $as Chromatography and (12) Counter Current Chromatography.

(1) Column Chromatography Column Column Chromat Chromatogr ography aphy is anothe anotherr general general and effect effective ive separa separatio tion n techni techni'ue 'ue in organi organicc chemistry. This separation process involves the identical ethics as T"C, but can be applied to separate larger amounts than T"C. Column chromatography can be used on both a large and small range. The appeal of this techni'ue are ample prolong and across many systems, including  biology, biochemistry, microbiology and medicine. any general antibiotics are reformed by column chromatography. To understand to use of this separation techni'ue, we can conduct the last test as an e3ample. 4n the T"C test, we separated and analyzed the various elements that ma5e up over6the6counter pain5illers. The techni'ue of T"C was useful in fi3ing the type and number of ingredients in the composition, but it was not helpful for collecting the separated ingredients. 7e could only separate and see the stage. 4f we needed to collect the separated ingredients, column chromatography could be used. 7e could load 100 mg of a crushed -nacin tablet on a column made up of a silica stationary phase and separates the aspirin from the caffeine and collect each of these compounds in separate bea5ers. Column chromatography allo allows ws us to sepa separa rate te and and coll collec ectt the the comp compou ound ndss indi indivi vidu dual ally ly.. 4n this this test test,, Colu Column mn Chromatography (abbreviated CC) will be used to separate the starting material from the product in the o3idation of fluorene to flourenone and T"C will be used to monitor the usefulness of this separation (2) Paper Chromatography

This principle connected to the partition chromatography wherein the substances are distributed or partitioned among li'uid phases. 8ne phase is the water, which is held in the pores of the filter   paper used9 and the other is the mobile phase wh ich moves over the paper. The compounds in the mi3ture get separated due to differences in their affinity towards water (in stationary phase) and mobile phase solvents during the movement of mobile phase under the capillary action of pores in the paper. The ethics can also be adsorption chromatography between solid and li'uid phases, where the stationary phase is the solid surface of paper and the li'uid phase is of mobile phase. :ut most of  the appeal of paper chromatography action of the principle of partition chromatography, i.e.  partitioned between two li'uid phases.

(!) Thin "ayer Chromatography Chromatography is the separation of two or more elements or ions by the distribution between two phases, one which is moving and the other is stationary. These two phases can be solid6 li'uid, li'uid6li'uid or gas6li'uid. Though there are many several changes of chromatography, the principles are basically the same. The cellulose paper is the stationary or solid phase and the 16propanol;water mi3ture is the mobile or li'uid phase. 4n this chapter loo5 for a very similar  microscale techni'ue for separating organic molecules, thin6layer chromatography. Thin6layer  chromatography or T"C, is a solid6li'uid form of chromatography where the stationary phase is normally a polar absorbent and the mobile phase can be a single solvent or a summation of  solvents. T"C is a 'uic5, common microscale techni'ue that can be used for< = 4dentify the number of elements in a mi3ture = Confirm a substance>s identity = onitor the development of a reaction = 4dentify the appropriate conditions for column chromatography = -nalysis the fractions obtained from column c hromatography (4) Gas Chromatography

$as $as

chro chroma mato togr grap aphy hy ($C) $C)

is

the

$ene $enerral

type type

of chromatography used

in analytical

chemistry for separating and analyz analyzing ing element elementss that that can be vaporized vaporized barring  barring decomposition decomposition.. Typical uses of $C comprise testing the purity of a particular substance, or separating the diff differ erent ent elem element entss of a mi3t mi3tur uree (the (the rela relati tive ve amoun amounts ts of such such compo componen nents ts can also also be determined). 4n some condition, $C may help in identifying a compound. 4n  preliminary chromatography,, $C can be used to prepare pure compounds from a mi3ture. chromatography 4n this this gas chroma chromatog tograp raphy hy,, the mobile mobile phase (or ?movin ?moving g phase? phase?)) is a carri carrier er gas gas,, usuall usually y an inert gas gas such such as helium or an unreactive unreactivega gass such such as nitrogen nitrogen.. &eli &elium um rema remain inss the the most most usuall usually y used used carrie carrierr gas in about about 0@ of instru instrumen ments ts althou although gh hydrog hydrogen en is introd introduce uce for 

improved separations. The stationary The stationary phase is phase is a microscopic layer of li'uid li'uid or  or polymer   polymer  on   on an inert solid supp suppor ort, t, insi inside de a piece piece of glass glass or  or metal tubi tubing ng call called ed a colu column mn (an (an homage homage to the fra fracti ctionat onating ing

column col umn used sed

in dis distill tillat atiion) on).

chromatography is called a gas a gas chromatograph. chromatograph.

The

ins instrum trumen entt

used used

to

per perform form gas gas