Assignment-Green building-case study

Cover Page

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Table of Contents Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------Pg 04 1.0 Management --------------------------------------------------------Pg 06 - Credit 1.1.Building Tuning---------------------------------Tuning---------------------------------------------Pg Pg 06 - Credit 1.2 Building User’s Guide---------------------------------Pg Guide--------------------------------- Pg 06 2.0 Sustainable Sites------------------------------------------------------Sites--------------------------------------------------------Pg -Pg 06 -Credit 2.1 Site Selection-------------------------------------------Selection--------------------------------------------Pg Pg 07 -Credit 2.2 Development Density and---------------------------and----------------------------Pg Pg 07 Community Connectivity  -Credit 2.3 Brownfield Redevelopment--------------------------Redevelopment---------------------------Pg Pg 07 - Credit 2.4 Alternative Transportation---------------------------Transportation----------------------------Pg Pg 08 -Credit 2.5 Reduced Site Disturbance-----------------------------Disturbance------------------------------ Pg 08 -Credit 2.6 Storm Water Design, quantity control----------------Pg control----------------Pg 08 -Credit 2.7 Storm Water Design, quality control------------------Pg control------------------Pg 09 -Credit 2.8 Heat Island Effect, Non-Roof---------------------------Pg Non-Roof--------------------------- Pg 09 -Credit 2.9 Heat Island Effect, Roof---------------------------------Pg Roof--------------------------------- Pg 10 -Credit 2.10: Light L ight Pollution Reduction----------------------------Pg Reduction----------------------------Pg 10 3.0 Water Efficiency-----------------------------------------Efficiency---------------------------------------------------------------------------Pg Pg 10 -Credit 3.1 Water Efficient Landscaping--------------------------Landscaping---------------------------Pg Pg 10 -Credit 3.2: Water Efficiency in Air Conditioning---------------Pg Conditioning---------------Pg 10 -Credit 3.3: Innovative Wastewater Technologies--------------Pg Technologies--------------Pg 11 -Credit 3.4: Water Use Reduction----------------------------------Reduction-----------------------------------Pg Pg 11 -Credit 3.5: Innovative Water Transmission---------------------Transmission----------------------Pg Pg 12 4.0 Energy and Atmosphere----------------------------------------------------Pg Atmosphere----------------------------------------------------Pg 12 -Credit4.4: Optimize Energy Performance---------------------Performance-----------------------------Pg Pg 14 -Credit 4.5: Renewable Energy-----------------------------------------Energy------------------------------------------Pg Pg 14

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- Credit 4.6: Additional Commissioning------------------------Pg 15 -Credit 4.4: Ozone Depletion-------------------------------------Pg 15 -Credit 4.5: Measurement and Verifications------------------Pg 15 5.0 Materials and Resources-----------------------------------------------Pg 16 -Credit 5.1: Building Reuse-----------------------------------------Pg 16 - Credit 5.2, 5.3: Construction Waste Management,-----------Pg 17 Resource Reuse & Recycling - Credit 5.4: Recycled Content Used---------------------------------Pg 19 - Credit 5.5: Local/Regional Materials Used-----------------------Pg 19 -Credit 5.6: Rapidly Renewable Materials--------------------------Pg 19

6.0 Indoor Environmental Quality-------------------------------------------Pg 19 -Credit 6.1: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring-------------------Pg 20 -Credit 6.2: Increased Ventilation-----------------------------------Pg 20 -Credit 6.4: Low Emitting Materials---------------------------------Pg 20 -Credit 6.6: Controllability of Systems-------------------------------Pg 20 -Credit 6.7: Thermal Comfort, Design-------------------------------Pg 21 -Credit 6.8: Thermal Comfort, Verification--------------------------Pg 21

-Credit 6.9: Daylight & Views-------------------------------------------Pg 21 7.0 Innovation in Design---------------------------------------------------------Pg 21 8.0 Social and Cultural Awareness---------------------------------------------Pg 21 -Credit 8.1 Social Wellbeing, Public Health & Safety --------------Pg 21

Conclusion---------------------------------------------------------------------------Pg 22

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Introduction Our Company ABS Consultants was hired by Mr. D.S.J. Hewavitharana of Leaf Holdings(Pvt) Ltd., a tea Export Company,to build his new office building complex at Dematagoda, Colombo. This building will not only serve its commercial purpose of an office space but it also seeks to exemplify the standards of a Green Building in Sri Lanka. This report will analyse the building’s features in terms of its cost, compliance to environmental standards and design features which make it suitable to be rated according to the GREEN

SL

Ratingsystem.

Background The site is located in the commercial side of Dematagoda, Colombo, and is accessed via Baseline Road. It has a maximum rainfall of 400cm of rain per month, humidity levels which can range from 70-90% and temperature that rises up to an average of 30°C.

Building The building is set to have 3 floors and 1 below shows the various functions of the building at each level (Refer to Annexes for schematic drawings and project program).

Table 1. Building Functions Ground Level

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Reception Lounge & Public Area Office Spaces Conference Room Miniature Auditorium Cafeteria Recreation Lounge Kitchen Service Area Washrooms Engineering Workshop Garbage Collecting Points Open Parking Area Vegetable & Fruit Plantations Bioremediation Area

First Level

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Office Spaces Office Area for Divisional Heads Executive Area Recreation Lounge Services Area Washrooms

Second Level

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Office Spaces Washrooms Club House Rain Water Harvesting Tanks Vegetated Roof Garden

4

2

2

A BOQ done on the building showed the total approximate rate per m to beRs. 58,971.65/m , a summary is shown in Fig. 1 below (refer to Annexes for detailed BOQ).

Fig. 1 BOQ Summary

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 Assessment of site using the GREENSL Rating Tool The following analysis will describe the features of the building in accordance to the criteria which are applicable to our building and site, in addition to the ones that need to be SL

addressed in the GREEN Rating tool system.

1.0 Management  Prerequisite 1: Green Building Accredited Professional A Green Building Accredited Professional was commissioned for the project to work with the team to achieve the required GREEN Standards. Prerequisite 2: Commissioning Clauses The following documents were submitted to the client to be used during the operation of  the building: •

Document of Design Intent

•

As-Built Drawings

•

Operations and Maintenance Manual

•

Building Management Staff Training Manual

Credit 1.1: Building Tuning In order to ensure optimum Occupant Comfort and Energy Efficiency of the systems and services of the building, a member of the design team would ensure a monthly monitoring and a full recommissioning of the building 12months after practical completion. An operational manager for the building was suggested to be appointed by the client; in order to provide feedback and a review of the systems during the Building Tuning Period. Credit 1.2: Building User’s Guide The following would be provided to the client to optimize the building’s environmental performance during operation: • Energy and Environment Strategy •

All Building Services

•

Transport Facilities

•

Waste Disposal Policies

2.0 Sustainable Site Prerequisite 1: Erosion and Sediment Control The site is located on flat land thus the surface run-off of sediment leading to high erosion rates remains low. An Erosion Prevention and Sediment Control Planwas prepared taking into account erosion control methods such as minimizing disturbed areas, mulching (mulch derived from waste wood during construction), by controlling the amount of soil that can 6

run-off and by stabilizing exposed soil. Sediment that escapes the erosion control methods will be trapped using silt fences around the property, especially to the canal. Credit 2.1: Site Selection As it was a previously developed industrial site within the commercial belt; all necessary infrastructure for development already exist. Further, the existing dilapidated buildings have left behind a certain amount of  contamination on site and the new the development will ensure removal of the contamination through a process explained in Credit 2.3. The proposed new Green Building is designed to h ave no interference to any habitat, and the site disruption is at its minimal due to its low footprint. Existing vegetation in addition to the new, along with the natural canal and open space provide an excellent environment for employees to work in a productive manner. Credit 2.2: Development Density and Community Connectivity  All necessary infrastructure facilities of power, water supply and waste disposal are available as it is a previously developed site. The area in the immediate vicinity is highly dense with mainly housing for the low and middle income and commercial activity containing planned industrial zones as well. However, green patches are still in abundance within the area, which contributes to balance a fair Biodiversity. Further, community facilities such as schools, hospitals, banks, groceries and supermarkets are located close to the site. This connects the building and its users to the community and its functions. It is proposed that the maintenance of the building and all open areas will be carried out by the local community;generating income and economic growth in the area. Credit 2.3 Brownfield Redevelopment  The site has a minor local contamination which will be de alt with using bioremediation strategies (Dzantor 1999). The main strategy which will be used is called phytoremediation where native plants likeKohila(Trianthemadecandra ), Kankung( Alternantherasessilis ),

Habarala(Alocasiamacrorrhiza) and Mustard (Brassica juncea)will be planted on the contaminated site and used to absorb the contaminants from the soil. These plants then will have to replaced every six months, to ensure that the plants continue to remove the contaminants from the soil (Somaratne and Weerakone 2012) As contamination levels reduce, the area will be used as part of the garden for our office building. This is cost effective and environmentally friendly way of redeve loping brownfield sites for human use. 7

Credit 2.4: Alternative Transportation Public Transportation Access: The area is close to public transport systems such as: ancillary roadways, pedestrian paths, and the Dematagoda Railway Station. Thus we encourage users to adopt public transport instead of personal vehicles to reduce carbon emissions on site. Parking Capacity: Ample Parking is provided within the site in order to accommodate not only the vehicles of  the proposed Green Building, but also the vehicles of the neighbouring occupants and for commuters who travel from outstations; who can make use of our parking facilities. This would generate revenue to the building and in turn reduce the disruption caused to the atmosphere through carbon emissions. Credit 2.5 Reduced Site Disturbance As the site was a previously developed one the biodiversity of the area was severely reduced, thus this building project will seek to rehabilitate the local area with n ative plant species such as Aloe vera , Dhaluk (EuphobiaAntiquorum) and Bougainvillia (eg: Bougainvillea spectabilis) Credit 2.6 Storm Water Design, quantity control  The Existing building had 67% of its surfaces being impervious, which created a lot of storm SL

water run-off. Bringing it back to 50mm/hr (according to GREEN Rating Guide), required the building of several step-like retaining walls; made up of a cement-soil mixture along the bank of the canal. Furthermore, shrubs and trees planted on each step will trap storm water run –off, increase infiltration of water into the groundwater and reduce run-off into the canal.

Design of Rain water Harvesting Tank (quantity control) Rain falling on the proposed building will be collected through gutters and into a rainwater harvesting tank. The collected water will be then used for landscaping and toilet flushing purposes. Rain Water Harvesting Quantity Calculation (BS 8515:2009): 1. 5% of Annual Rain water yield (Y R) YR = A x e x h x ɳ x 0.05 2

YR = 755 m x (e x ɳ ) x 2500 mm x 0.05 YR = 755 x 0.80 x 2500 x 0.05 YR =75,500l •

Collecting Area

=A 8

•

Yield Coefficient

=e

•

Depth of Rainfall

=h

•

Hydraulic filter efficiency

=ɳ 

2. 5% of Annual non potable water demand (D N) DN = PD x n x 365 x 0.05 + A’ x a 2

DN = (50 l x 350 x 365 + 716 m x 60) x 0.05 DN = 321,523l •

Daily Requirement per person

=PD

•

Number of persons

=n

•

Garden Area

=A’

•

Water Demand For Gardening

=a

Therefore Rainwater Storage Capacity = 76,000 l

Credit 2.7 Storm Water Design, quality control  As not much waste water will be generated by an office complex and storm-water was runoff was reduced considerable, it was not economical to have a storm-water treatment system to improve water quality. Credit 2.8: Heat Island Effect, Non-Roof  Comparatively, only a minimum foot print of built area is utilized fo r the building with negligible impact on the microclimate. Every effort is made to enhance the healthy livelihood of human and wildlife habitat. Vegetated terraces are located on the top terrace level of the building and on the ground level wherever possible. Vegetables and Fruits are grown on the building so that their produce is utilized for the consumption of the building occupants through the meals available at the in-house cafeteria for a nominal cost. The vegetation thus not only provides organic food to the employees but it also improves their immediate scenery at work. Native trees are planted throughout the site wherever possible and the entire parking area is shaded by trees. A non-impervious mixture from the reuse of debris of the previously demolished building was mixed with soil and utilized for all roadways, parking areas and pathways within the site. This would enable maximum storm water absorption to the ground without an outflow. The durability as well as the strength of this paving me thod is known to be very high as well as cost effective with very little maintenance.

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Credit 2.9: Heat Island Effect, Roof  Solar panels have been installed on both pitches of the roof to its entire area to obtain solar power enough for the energy functions of the building. Roofing material has a SRI equal to or greater than the values as in Table 2

Table 2. SRI for different roof slopes Roof Type

Slope

SRI

Low-Sloped Roof Slope

≤2: 12

78

Steep-Sloped Roof 

>2: 12

29

SL

Source: Green Rating System for Built Environment Version 1.0 Credit 2.10: Light Pollution Reduction All interior lighting circuits have been driven through a motion base sensor system which ensures the automatic operation of the lighting circuits between 5am-10pm. However the maximum allowed lighting power portion will be limited in accordance to the Table 2.1 Lighting Power of Code of Practice on Energy Efficient Buildings of Sri Lanka, published by SEASL. Exterior Lighting will be operated via automatic controls capable of switching off lights when sufficient daylight is available or/and when the lighting is not required. Lighting arrangements are in compliance with Table 9.4.5 of ASHRAE/IESNA standard 90.1-2004. The Project was identified and categorized under LZ1 (Dark and Rural Setting) and the designs were made accordingly.

3.0 Water Efficiency Credit 3.1 Water Efficient Landscaping Grass will not be planted in the garden space, and instead will have native shrubs like  Aloe Vera, Dhaluk (EuphobiaAntiquorum) and Bougainvillia (eg: Bougainvillea Spectabilis) , which will not require a lot of water to be maintained. Mulch will be applied to the soil to prevent excess evaporation of water from the soil. Finally the water will be supplied to the plant using the drip irrigation method which in turn will have water transmitted from the rainwater tank and grey water from kitchens. Credit 3.2: Water Efficiency in Air Conditioning Under average ambient conditions of a warm humid surrounding, a collection of 60 litres water is assumed to be collected through the condensation process of Air Handling Units 10

per day. The collected water will be stored in a tank on a level above the proposed Terrace area. Credit 3.3: Innovative Wastewater Technologies The building will have two waste systems separating the black water from grey. The black water will be diverted into a septic tank on site while the grey water will be treated using grease traps (Fig. 2)

Fig.1Representation of the process that occurs in the grease trap. Influent enters the inlet   pipe and is directed beneath the grease layer by the baffle. Within the grease trap that  grease is allowed to float to the top while sludge settles to the bottom. Water is allowed to  pass upwards into the outlet pipe toward the filter. The connection at the outlet pipe  prevents grease from exiting with the effluent.(source: Glassman et al 2009 ) The sludge can be dried and used as manure for the plants in the garden. The rainwater tank will be used to provide water for landscaping and flushing in toilets, thus reducing the demand for portable water. The plants on the building will be watered using the water generated from Air conditioning system. Credit 3.4: Water Use Reduction The two main uses of water identified in the building are for toilet purposes and cooking purposes in the canteen. As it is not possible to reduce the amount of water used for cooking, it was decided that the toilets be retrofitted with gravity-fed low flow toilets, which have a half or full flush option fitted into them (Rodriguez 2012). Rainwater from the entire roof area is collected to rain water harvesting tanks which are located on the 2

nd

level of the building. They are then distributed to the use of the building

functions such as toilet flushing and landscaping purposes.

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The storm water which falls on to ground is absorbed through its non-impervious mixture used on the paved areas as described in Credit 2.8: Heat Island Effect, Non-Roof . The rest of  the storm water will be diverted to for landscaping purposes. Credit 3.5: Innovative Water Transmission The water tanks will be placed on the second level, with very little use of the pumps will be and instead gravity will be used as an effective means of transferring water from the tank to the sites where it would be needed. Our solar panels will provide the additional energy required by the pumps.

4.0 Energy and Atmosphere Prerequisite 1: Fundamental Building System Commissioning In order to verify the design, installation and calibration of fundamental building elements, a Commissioning Report was submitted to a third party commissioning team after following all the procedures as intended by the GREEN Rating system. The development and utilization of the commissioning plan, verifications of installation, functional performance, training, operation and maintenance documentation were carried out in prior to the creation of the report.

Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance The Design of the building project complies with both mandatory provisions of  ASHRAE/IESNA standard 90.1-2004, section 5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4, 10.4 and section 11 of  performance requirement. The project also complies with the final version of Code of Practice on Energy Efficient Buildings of Sri Lanka, published by SEASL. The insulation of the building envelop, fenestration, doors and the air leakages of the building have been built with reference to the ASHRAE/IESNA standard 90.1-2004, section 5.4,. Necessary precautions have been taken by the initial design to fulfil the requirements found in 5.8.1.1- 5.8.1.9. U-values for roofs, fenestrations and facades for determining the corresponding OTTVi values were determined from data in Appendix 4 of the Code of Practice on Energy Efficient Buildings of Sri Lanka. Furthermore the publication fenestrations and doors have been made 2

to limit air leakage, with air infiltration not exceeding 2 litres/s/m . Vestibules which separate conditioned spaces from the exterior shall be protected with selfclosing devices and designed with a minimum distance between them being no less than 7ft when closed.

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Equipment Efficiencies, Verification, Labelling, Load Calculation Controls and HVAC System Construction & Insulation were made in accordance with section 6.4 of ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004. Minimum Equipment Efficiencies at non-standard conditions were designed to meet the minimum full-load COP and IPLV/NPLV in Table 6.8.1H. This would leavethe Chiller water temperature to be maintained at 40°F to 48°F and the Condenser water temperature to be around 75°F to 85°F. As per SEASL, the indoor conditions of the air-conditioned space was designed for a dry bulb temperature of 25° C ± 1.5° C and relative humidity of 55 % ± 5 %. The combination of  suitable high temperatures and humidity are suitable for both at the comfort zone as well as for energy saving purposes; provided the conditions maintained herein are agreeable to the occupants. Each conditioned zone will be individually controlled by thermostat controls and the pre-set temperatures will assure the occupants comfort within the zone. The Dead Band of the zone’s thermostatic controls shall be within 5°F after which the supply of cooling energy to the zone is shut off or reduced to a minimum. A centralized automation system (BMS) ensures the functionality of after-hour controls and automatic shutdown under different time schedules. Furthermore the system ensures setback controls and optimum start controls while maintaining zone temperatures below the pre-determined set points which are user adjustable. Appropriate air conditioning zoning has been introduced as per the standards and are intended to operate non-simultaneously once divided into isolated areas of their own. Zones may be grouped into a single isolation area provided it does not exceed 25,000 ft2 of  conditioned floor area nor include more than one floor. As per the section 8.4 Voltage Drop across the Feeders were sized for a maximum voltage drop of 2% at design load and 3%maximum for the Branch Circuits. LDP will not exceed 10.8 2

w/m as per the Energy Code of SEASL. Section 9.4 of ASHRAErefers to the lighting control, exit signs, interior and exterior building lights. An automatic control has been introduced by the initial design to on the basis of  operating occupant sensors that shall turn lighting off within 30 minutes of an occupant leaving a space. As per the Energy Code of SEASL, occupancy based controls strategies are best suited to spaces that have highly variable and unpredictable occupancy patterns. At least one control device has been introduced to independently control the general lighting within the space. Each and every device shall be readily accessible while LDP will not exceed 2

10.8 w/m as per the Code of Practice on Energy Efficient Buildings of Sri Lanka. Exterior Lighting is also on the basis of automatic controls capable of switching off when sufficient daylight is available or/and when the lighting is not required.

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While designing Exterior Building Grounds Lighting, all exterior building grounds luminaires that operate at greater than 100watts designed to have a minimum efficacy of 60 lm/W while fulfilling the requirement of Table 9.4.5 of ASHRAE/IESNA standard 90.1-2004. . The building has used the most efficient luminaires/fixtures available in the market according to the manufacturer information section of the fixture application. The efficiency of a lighting fixture is given by its light output ratio (LOR) which is defined as the ratio of the lumens from the luminaire to the sum of the individual lumen values of the lamps inside the luminaries(Energy Code of SEASL) As per the Mandatory Provisions of section 10.4 Electric Motors will comply with the requirements of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, Table 10.8.

Prerequisite 3: CFC Reduction in HVAC & R Equipment The HVAC equipment which caters to the total cooling demand of the building incorporates the latest standards and CFC-free operation and thus does not deplete ozone layer. Credit 4.1 Optimize Energy Performance The Building’s Energy Simulation demonstrates that Option 1 to be in compliance with Prerequisite 2. The building’s baseline energy performance was calculated as per the ASHRAE/IESNA standard 90.1-2004 Appendix G and it complied with the final version of the code of practice on Energy Efficient Buildings published by SLSEA. The energy process cost is no less than 25% (about 33%) of the building’s baseline energy cost. According to the calculations; the new building achieved the minimum energy cost savings of 27.5% and the design of the project complies with the mandatory provisions in Standard 90.1-2004 of  ASHRAE. Credit 4.2: Renewable Energy  Solar wasused as the potential source of renewable energy and it would cover an area of  2

330 m . The entire panel is located at the North-South orientation with a maximum 12

0

angle to the South. Table 3 shows calculation made on the building’s renewable energy output and savings. In addition to this a series of net-metering strategies put in place to monitor the monthly energy usage of the building.

Table 3. Renewable energy generated onsite and savings in energy costs achieved. Peak energy output Total energy usage

Savings per month

(kWh/month)

of building (kWh)

(%)

5418

39320

13.77

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Credit 4.3: Additional Commissioning A detailed review of the design was carried up prior to the construction phase and further review of construction documents will be implemented close to completion. A selective analysis of the contractor submittals for commissioned equipment wasdone by a third party agent. The Commissioning Agent will prepare and submit a re-commissioning management manual and review the project close to the end of the warranty. The Commissioning Process’ of the ‘ASHRAE GUIIDE LINE will be referred to and used as a supporting document.The information and instructions, published in the Table D-1, Documentation Matrix of the above publication was also referred to. Credit 4.4:Ozone Depletion The Chiller operates with 'near zero' emissions refrigerant while using recently developed HCFC as the refrigerant which has very low ozone depleting potential. Chiller includes improved gasket materials and minimizes the use of threaded fittings. The low-pressure chiller design ensures that air will typically leak into the machine instead of  refrigerant leaking out.

The new purge systemson offer in these Chillers release less

refrigerant per pound of air. The use of integrated microprocessor-based controls enable the monitoring of purge operation leaks, plus monitoring of equipment room refrigerant concentrations up to one part per million. Finally the fire suppression system of the building does not contain HCFC or Halons which have ozone depletion potentials. Credit 4.5: Measurement and Verifications M & V plan of the designed project is developed with reference to the International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol Volume III. Documentation and specification of the baseline including a listing of all important assumptions and supporting documents were prepared. A dedicated person was appointed to implement the M&V plan for the projected time duration of time over which Quality Assurance procedures need to be reported on. The calculation of the building base load was important. Therefore, option C of Table 1, and Overview of New Construction M&V Options of the volume III were used to identify buildings similar to ours so we can use their values of; projected baseline energy use, data on building function, location and operation to calculate our own values.

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The equation below was used to determine the energy savings of the building and the wellequipped sub metering program was followed thereafter to calculate the building energy usage in operation.

Energy Savings = Projected Baseline Energy Use - Post-Construction Energy Use

5.0 Materials and Resources The increasing scarcity of resources and the high and fluctuating prices of raw materials can lead to major economic and social dislocation in every country on earth; increasing material and resource efficiencies can limit all these problems. Waste management during all stages of demolition, construction and operation play a very important role in effective usage of materials and resources. The following options demonstrate an efficient technique of the waste management process: 1. Reduce (Prevention of waste generation) 2. Reuse (Reuse of reusable materials) 3. Recycle 4. Recovery

Prerequisite 1:Storage & Collection of Recyclables An effective waste management plan was required due to high waste generation of the building during its operational stage. The following actions will be implemented as part of  the waste management strategy: 1) Training and education of staff on reuse strategies. (Ex. Use both sides of paper, Use Reusable Plastic case for Foods and Beverages…etc.) 2) Each staff member will be responsible for ensuring that the waste they generate is disposed into the correct bin: Paper & Cardboards - sent off to be recycled Plastics

- Recycled Locally (For ease of recycling, different type of  plastic resin need to be kept separate)

Compost {Foods}

- Should be composted on site and will be a source of fertilizer for the plants.

3) Maintain garbage collection and transport services from all parts of the building. 4) All waste (other than compost) will be collected by theColombo Municipal Council (or via a private contractor) from garbage room. Credit 5.1: Building Reuse The existing buildings were in a poor state of repair and were slated for demolition.

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Credit 5.2, 5.3: Construction Waste Management, Resource Reuse & Recycling Credit 5.2: Recycle and / or salvage - 85% (by weight) Credit 5.3: Resource Reuse

- 12%

Preliminary Demolition Plan (Material & Resource management) The Preliminary Demolition Plan will be used to ensure that demolition activities on site do not adversely affect the health, safety, traffic or the environment of public and ne ighbouring properties. Demolition methods The strip out and removal of non-structural elements will be undertaken utilizing manual labour and small plantswhich include bobcats and excavators. During the demolition process erosion control measures will be established. These will include treatment of dust and management of discharge into storm water systems. Material handling On-site storage of reusable materials will occur at the northern boundary of the land. Recycling and disposal containers will also be accommodated at a separate location at the northern boundary of the land to be collected by collection vehicles. Hazardous materials will be treated separately.A hazardous materials inspection will be undertaken by an accredited consultant and removed in accordance with standards. A preliminary assessment of the existing building showed the resources which can be reused, recycled or disposed of in an appropriate manner (Table 4).

Table 4. Resources which can recycled, reused or disposed of in a safe manner Resource Clay Burnt Bricks

Resource

Waste

Reuse (%)

Reuse (%)

30

70

Description 30% of Clay Burnt Bricks can be taken as undivided and uncrushed bricks during proper demolition and reused in walls. (Credit 5.3) The remaining divided and crushed bricks can be used for landscaping, preparation of access roads and parking areas. (Credit 5.2)

Crushed Concrete Debris

0

100

100% Concrete debris reused for base preparation on roads, ground floor and for cement blocks made onsite. 17

(Credit 5.3) Structural Steel Sections

60 (recycled)

 –(UB)

40 (sold to

80% of the existing roof 

as scrap to

structure (by weight) consists

be recycled)

of universal beam sections, hence 75% of it can be reused as roof trusses for new building with minor modifications in place (i.e. sand blasting with the application of a Zinc Phosphate primer). (Credit  5.3) The remaining 20% of steel debris will be sold as scrap metal to be recycled. (Credit  5.2)

Roofing Materials

0

0

Existing roof structure consists of old (>5 years old) asbestos roof sheets and these sheets are categorized as hazardous. Thus careful removal and disposal to government approved disposal sites will be required. (Credit 5.2)

Glass Wool, Electronic

0

0

waste

Categorized as a hazardous and disposal to government approved disposal sites will be required. (Credit 5.2)

Glass, Paper, Timber, etc…

0

100

All recycling items like glass,

(recycle)

paper and timber, etc… need to be collected separately and sold to recycling companies. (Credit 5.2)

Construction Plan (Material & Resource management) Waste generation during construction is relatively low when compared to the operational stage of the building. Moreover properly trained and experienced site staff along with proper construction techniques can be used to minimize the waste generated onsite during construction. Apart from these factors the most common construction wastes come 18

fromreinforcement off-cuts, cement bags, wooden parts from formwork, excessive foods…etc.; all of which can be recycled or got rid of in a cost-effective manner. Credit 5.4: Recycled Content Used

- 25%

The following recycled materials will be used in the new building to reduce the demand for virgin materials. 1. Recycled Reinforcement 2. Recycled Polythene 3. Reuse/Recycled cement blocks with concrete debris 4. Soil Blocks Credit 5.5: Local/Regional Materials Used- 25% The following materials will be sourced locally: 1.

Concrete with locally made cement

2.

Locally made Paint and other accessories

3.

Locally made tiles for floor finish

4.

Locally made asbestos for Roof 

5.

Locally made Recycled Polythene

6.

Recycled cement blocks made onsite and locally made soil blocks.

7.

Recycled Reinforcement made locally

Credit 5.6: Rapidly Renewable Materials Dura Panels were used for all internal, non load bearing partition walls. Dura is made out of  Paddy Straw Fibres and the process produced no toxic waste, volatile organic compounds and it does not contain any formaldehyde.

6.0 Indoor Environmental Quality Prerequisite 1: Minimum IQA Performance Special eatables in ventilation system controls, stair and shaft vents shall be equipped with motorized dampers that are operated according to the needs of the fire and smoke detection systems and monitored through the BMS. All outdoor air supply and exhaust hoods will automatically control and shut-off the outdoor air supply. Once the preoccupancy building warm-up, cool down and setback reach the outdoor air supply level and exhaust air dampers benchmark specified by Section 6.4.3.4 of ASHRAE; the exhaust and ventilation systems that are equipped with motorized dampers will automatically shut down. The maximum leakage rate will be as indicated in Table 6.4.3.4.4 . of ASHRAE. Ventilation controls shall be in compliance with ASHRAE Standard 62 and Energy Code of  SEA. Friction losses and pressure drops across the system will be no less than the specified levels in the Local Energy Code. 19

Under HVAC System Construction and Insulation, insulation of all supply and return ducts installed as part of an HVAC air distribution system shall be thermally insulated in accordance with Tables 6.8.2A and 6.8.2B.of ASHRAE/IESNA standard 90.1-2004. Precautions for the leakages of relevant air ducts were taken and the Lmax was assured to be maintained below the specified level.

Prerequisite 2: Smoke (ETS) Control: Company policy prevents smoking inside the building; however occupants are welcome to smoke at designated areas outside the building. Credit 6.1: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring In order to maintain building occupants comfort and wellbeing, a CO2 monitoring system is installed for the Mechanically Ventilated areas of the building. Credit 6.2: Increased Ventilation Most areas of the building are naturally ventilated except for the work spaces which have provision for air conditioningwhen ever required. This ensures low ope rational costs in the building while maintaining healthy living standards. All lobby areas, passageways, links, cafeteria, kitchen area, and washrooms are 100% naturally ventilated. Credit 6.4: Low Emitting Materials Paints and Coatings: All Paints and Coatings to be used are Lead free, preventing the release of toxins into the environment. Carpet System: There will not be any carpets used in any area of the building as carpets are known to be dust collectors as well as having high maintenance and replacement costs.

Credit 6.6: Controllability of Systems 6.6.1: Lighting Controls Office area lighting design was completed on the basis of each and every light fixture being readily accessiblethrough at least one control device. Individual lighting controls for minimum of 90% of the occupants will have their own adjustment controls for their individual tasks as well as group needs. Credit 6.6.2 :Comfort Controls With reference to Section 5.1 (Location and Size of Openings) of ASHRAE Standard 62.12004; naturally ventilated spaces shall be permanently open to and within 8m of operable

20

wall or roof openings. Open spaces constitute a minimum of 4%of the net occupiable floor area. Operable openings will be readily accessible to building occupants whenever the space is required, as specified by Section 5.1.2 (Control and Accessibility) of ASHRAE Standards. The comfort controls for the building were assessed taking in consideration Section 5.4 (six primary factors of thermal comfort) of ASHRAE Standards. Credit 6.7: Thermal Comfort, Design A sensitive and thoughtful building design envelop is created for the satisfaction, wellbeing and maximum productivity of the occupants. The thermal comfort conditions for human occupancy were designed to keep all running and operational costs to a minimal. The d esign meets with the ASHRAE Standard 55-2004. Credit 6.8: Thermal Comfort, Verification A Thermal Comfort survey is suggested to be conducted 6-18 months after occupancy, to ascertain the levels of satisfaction of the occupants.

Credit 6.9: Daylight & Views The entirety of the building obtains 100% natural lighting, reducing the consumption of  electricity and bringing down building operation costs. However, provision has been made for artificial lighting in all areas of the building during days and instances of reduced natural light as well as for building functions at night. The building sits in a picturesque location facing a water body with abundant fauna and flora. Therefore the structure is designed in a manner that obtains maximum views of the outsideenvironment. This facility is encouraged even on the upper levels of the building, personifying the interior of the building with the natural beauty of the outside environment

7.0 Innovation in Design An exemplary performance is suggested to be attempted on this building in future, once the SL

GREEN rating has been awarded.

8.0 Social and Cultural Awareness Prerequisite 1: Archaeological Sites and Heritage Buildings There are no Archaeological Sites and Heritage Buildingsin the vicinity of the site. Credit 8.1: Social Wellbeing, Public Health & Safety  The quality of life, health and wellbeing is encouraged of the occupants through the selfsustaining aspects of the building complex. The structure invites natural wind, ventilation 21

and plenty of sunlight to ensure that occupants inhabit a more comfortable and natural space. Social interaction is also encouraged in the public open spaces, increasing the social connectivity of the area. The building occupants consume the healthiest fresh fruits and vegetables grown within the complex; and enjoy walks and physical exercise along the canal and in the beautiful landscapes we have created around the building. The building is designed as per safety standards and guidelines set out by the UDA and CMC. It is also safe for differently abled persons as well.

Conclusion On analysis of the building according to the GREEN

SL

Rating system, it was possible to make

an approximate calculation of the total amount of credits the building qualifies for. Table 5 shows a summary of the credits.

Table 5: summary of credits scored by the new building on site Credit

Point attributed to credit

1.1 Building Tuning

1

1.2 Building User’s Guide

1

2.1 Site Selection

1

2.2 Development Density and Community

4

Connectivity 2.3 Brownfield Redevelopment

1

2.4 Alternative Transportation

3

2.5 Reduced Site Disturbance

4

2.6 Storm Water Design, Quantity Control

3

2.8 Heat Island Effect, Non-Roof 

1

2.9 Heat Island Effect, Roof 

1

2.10 Light Pollution Reduction

1

3.1 Water Efficient Landscaping

4

3.2 Water Efficiency in Air-conditioning

1

system

22

3.3 Innovative Wastewater Technologies

4

3.4 Water Use Reduction

3

3.5 Innovative Water Transmission

1

4.1 Optimize Energy Performance 4.2 Renewable Energy

7

4.3 Additional Commissioning

1

4.4 Ozone Depletion

1

4.5 Measurement and Verifications

1

5.2 Construction Waste Management

2

5.3 Resource Reuse

2

5.4 Recycled Content

2

5.5 Local/Regional Materials

3

5.6 Rapidly Renewable Materials

1

6.1 Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring

1

6.2 Increased Ventilation

1

6.4 Low Emitting Materials

3

6.6 Controllability of Systems

2

6.7 Thermal Comfort, Design

1

6.8 Thermal Comfort, Verification

1

6.9 Daylight and Views

2

8.1 Social Wellbeing, Public Health and

1

Safety Total number of Credits

66

According to the above score sheet, one expects to qualify for a Gold Star GREEN

SL

Rating.

23

References American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 2004, ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality , Atlanta: ASHRAE. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 2004,  ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality , Atlanta: ASHRAE. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 2005, ASHRAEGuideline 0-2005 The Commissioning Process, Atlanta: ASHRAE. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 2007, ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality , Atlanta: ASHRAE. Dzantor, E.K., 1999, ‘Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils: What It Is and How To Do It’, Maryland Cooperative Extension, Fact Sheet 757, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. Glassman, J., Kanegawa, B., Lee, D., and Martinez, A., 2009, ‘Grey Water Systems’, Engineers for a Sustainable World, Stanford University, California SL

GREEN Building Council Sri Lanka, 2012, ‘GREEN Rating System For Built Environment  Version 1.0’ , Green Building Council Sri Lanka, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP), 2003, Concepts and options for determining energy savings in new construction, Vol. 3. Rodriguez, J, 2012, ‘Low-Flow Fixtures’, Available at: th

http://construction.about.com/od/Green/a/Low-Flow-Fixtures.htm, Accessed on the 28 of  September 2012.

Somaratne, S and Weerakoon, S.R., 2012, ‘A Comprehensive Study on Phytoextractive Potential of Sri Lankan Mustard (Brassica Juncea (L.) Czern.&Coss) Genotypes’, World   Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol 61, pp. 1266-1270 Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority, 2009,‘Code of practice for energy efficient buildings in Sri Lanka’, Colombo: Design Systems.

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 Annexes

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