Aspen HYSYS Refining
Unit Operations Guide
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Version Number: 7.0 Copyright (c) 1981-2008 by Aspen Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. Aspen HYSYS, Aspen HYSYS Refining, Aspen RefSYS, Aspen Flare System Analyzer, Aspen Energy Analyzer, Aspen HYSYS Refining CatCracker, Aspen HYSYS Pipeline Hydraulics, and the aspen leaf logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Aspen Technology, Inc., Burlington, MA. This manual is intended as a guide to using AspenTech’s software. This documentation contains AspenTech proprietary and confidential information and may not be disclosed, used, or copied without the prior consent of AspenTech or as set forth in the applicable license agreement. Users are solely responsible for the proper use of the software and the application of the results obtained. Although AspenTech has tested the software and reviewed the documentation, the sole warranty for the software may be found in the applicable license agreement between AspenTech and the user. ASPENTECH MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THIS DOCUMENTATION, ITS QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Aspen Technology, Inc. 200 Wheeler Road Burlington, MA 01803-5501 USA Phone: (781) 221-6400 Website http://www.aspentech.com
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Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Overview 1-1
1 Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Overview 1.1 Introduction to RefSYS Options ..................................................... 2 1.2 Common Property Views ................................................................ 5 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4
Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Object Palette ........................... 7 Worksheet Tab ......................................................................... 6 Notes Page/Tab ........................................................................ 7 User Variables Page/Tab .......................................................... 10
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Introduction to Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining
1.1 Introduction to Aspen
HYSYS Petroleum Refining
Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining (formerly known as “RefSYS”) is based on the flowsheet capabilities of HYSYS (use of partial information, bi-directional of information, and so forth). Existing HYSYS simulation cases can be leveraged in Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining adding petroleum assays information and specific refinery unit operations. In order to run Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining features, you have to install both Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining and Aspen Properties, and have the Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining license. For more information on the petroleum assays, refer to Chapter 2 Petroleum Assay.
The key concept of Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining is the petroleum assay. A petroleum assay is a vector that stores physical properties and assay properties for a specific component list. Physical properties include all properties used in a typical HYSYS simulation case. Assay properties comprise refinery related properties as cloud point, octane numbers, flash point, freeze point, sulphur content, PONA distribution, GC data and etc. A component list typically consists of library components (for instance, methane to n-pentane) and pseudocomponents (hypothetical components). Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining is based on a flexible structure so that no pre-defined list of pseudo-components is required. Moreover, existing lists of pseudo-components created by the HYSYS Oil Environment can be used in Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining. Each component stores a value of a physical and assay property. The assay properties are usually imported from an assay management system, as for instance, CrudeManager from Spiral Software Ltd. At the Simulation Environment, each stream may have its own petroleum assay, that is, the physical and assay properties of components on one stream may differ from other streams. Bulk values for assay properties are calculated using specific lumping 1-2
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Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Overview 1-
rules. When process streams are mixed together on any HYSYS or Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining operation, a new petroleum assay is created and special blending rules are employed to recalculate the physical and assay properties. This unique architecture allows the simulation of refinery-wide flowsheets using one single component list - resulting in optimal speed performance on calculations. Moreover, the propagation of those properties allows the integration of reactor models, since the required properties are available at the feed stream to the reactor unit. The various components that comprise HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining provide an extremely powerful approach to refinery simulation modeling. At a fundamental level, the comprehensive selection of operations and property methods allows you to model a wide range of processes with confidence. Perhaps even more important is how the HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining approach to modeling maximizes your return on simulation time through increased process understanding. The key to this is the Event Driven operation. By using a ‘degrees of freedom’ approach, calculations in HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining are performed automatically. Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining performs calculations as soon as unit operations and property packages have enough required information. Any results, including passing partial information when a complete calculation cannot be performed, is propagated bidirectionally throughout the flowsheet. What this means is that you can start your simulation in any location using the available information to its greatest advantage. Since results are available immediately - as calculations are performed - you gain the greatest understanding of each individual aspect of your process. The multi-flowsheet architecture of HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining is vital to this overall modelling approach. Although HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining has been designed to allow the use of multiple property packages and the creation of pre-built templates, the greatest advantage of using multiple flowsheets is that they provide an extremely effective way to organize large processes. By breaking flowsheets into 1-3
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Introduction to Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining
smaller components, you can easily isolate any aspect for detailed analysis. Each of these sub-processes is part of the overall simulation, automatically calculating like any other operation. The design of the HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining interface is consistent, if not integral, with this approach to modelling. Access to information is the most important aspect of successful modelling, with accuracy and capabilities accepted as fundamental requirements. Not only can you access whatever information you need when you need it, but the same information can be displayed simultaneously in a variety of locations. Just as there is no standardized way to build a model, there is no unique way to look at results. HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining uses a variety of methods to display process information - individual property views, the PFD, Workbook, Databook, graphical Performance Profiles, and Tabular Summaries. Not only are all of these display types simultaneously available, but through the object-oriented design, every piece of displayed information is automatically updated whenever conditions change. The inherent flexibility of HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining allows for the use of third party design options and custom-built unit operations. These can be linked to Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining through OLE Extensibility. Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining also offers an assortment of utilities which can be attached to process streams and unit operations. These tools interact with the process and provide additional information. All standard HYSYS unit operations are explained in the HYSYS Operations Guide and Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining unit operations are explained in this guide. The unit operations can be used to assemble flowsheets. By connecting the proper unit operations and streams, you can model a wide variety of refinery processes. Included in the available operations are those which are governed by thermodynamics and mass/energy balances, such as Heat Exchangers, Separators, and Compressors, and the 1-4
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Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Overview 1-
logical operations like the Adjust, Set, and Recycle. A number of operations are also included specifically for dynamic modelling, such as the Controller, Transfer Function Block, and Selector. The Spreadsheet is a powerful tool, which provides a link to nearly any flowsheet variable, allowing you to model “special” effects not otherwise available in HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining.
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Common Property Views
In modelling operations, HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining uses a Degrees of Freedom approach, which increases the flexibility with which solutions are obtained. For most operations, you are not constrained to provide information in a specific order, or even to provide a specific set of information. As you provide information to the operation, HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining calculates any unknowns that can be determined based on what you have entered. For instance, consider the Pump operation. If you provide a fully-defined inlet stream to the pump, HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining immediately passes the composition and flow to the outlet. If you then provide a percent efficiency and pressure rise, the outlet and energy streams is fully defined. If, on the other hand, the flowrate of the inlet stream is undefined, HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining cannot calculate any outlet conditions until you provide three parameters, such as the efficiency, pressure rise, and work. In the case of the Pump operation, there are three degrees of freedom, thus, three parameters are required to fully define the outlet stream. All information concerning a unit operation can be found on the tabs and pages of its property view. Each tab in the property view contains pages which pertain to a certain aspect of the operation, such as its stream connections or physical parameters (for example, pressure drop and energy input).
1.2 Common Property Views Each operation in HYSYS contains some common information and options. These information and options are grouped into common tabs and pages. The following sections describe the common tabs and pages in HYSYS operation property view.
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Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Overview 1-
1.2.1 Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Object Palette The Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining object palette enables you to add Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining operations to the main PFD. The Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining operations are:
Refer to FCC Operation Guide for more information on FCC Reactor.
• • • • • • • •
Assay Manipulator Catalytic Reformer FCC Reactor Hydrocracker Petroleum Column Petroleum Feeder Petroleum Yield Shift Reactor Product Blender
To access the Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining object palette do one of the following: • •
Refining object palette
In the main case (Simulation) environment, press F6. In the main case (Simulation) environment, select Flowsheet | RefSYS Operations command from the menu bar.
1.2.2 Worksheet Tab The Worksheet tab contains a summary of the information contained in the stream property view for all the streams attached to the air cooler. The Conditions and Composition pages contain selected information from the corresponding pages of the Worksheet tab for the stream property view. The Properties page displays the property correlations of the inlet and outlet streams of the unit operations. The following is a list of the property correlations: • Vapour / Phase Fraction
• Vap. Frac. (molar basis)
• Temperature
• Vap. Frac. (mass basis)
• Pressure
• Vap. Frac. (volume basis)
• Actual Vol. Flow
• Molar Volume
• Mass Enthalpy
• Act. Gas Flow
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Common Property Views
• Mass Entropy
• Act. Liq. Flow
• Molecular Weight
• Std. Liq. Flow
• Molar Density
• Std. Gas Flow
• Mass Density
• Watson K
• Std. Ideal Liquid Mass Density
• Kinematic Viscosity
• Liquid Mass Density
• Cp/Cv
• Molar Heat Capacity
• Lower Heating Value
• Mass Heat Capacity
• Mass Lower Heating Value
• Thermal Conductivity
• Liquid Fraction
• Viscosity
• Partial Pressure of CO2
• Surface Tension
• Avg. Liq. Density
• Specific Heat
• Heat of Vap.
• Z Factor
• Mass Heat of Vap.
The Heat of Vapourisation for a stream in HYSYS is defined as the heat required to go from saturated liquid to saturated vapour.
The PF Specs page contains a summary of the stream property view Dynamics tab. The PF Specs page is relevant to dynamics cases only.
1.2.3 Notes Page/Tab The Notes page/tab provides a text editor where you can record any comments or information regarding the specific unit operation or the simulation case in general. Figure 1.1
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Adding Notes To add a comment or information in the Notes page/tab: 1. Go to the Notes page/tab. 2. Use the options in the text editor toolbar to manipulate the appearance of the notes. The following table lists and describes the options available in the text editor toolbar. Object
Icon
Description
Font Type
Use the drop-down list to select the text type for the note.
Font Size
Use the drop-down list to select the text size for the note.
Font Colour
Click this icon to select the text colour for the note.
Bold
Click this icon to bold the text for the note.
Italics
Click this icon to italize the text for the note.
Underline
Click this icon to underline the text for the note.
Align Left
Click this icon to left justify the text for the note.
Centre
Click this icon to center justify the text for the note.
Align Right
Click this icon to right justify the text for the note.
Bullets
Click this icon to apply bullets to the text for the note.
Insert Object
Click this icon to insert an object (for example an image) in the note.
3. Click in the large text field and type your comments. The date and time when you last modified the information in the text field will appear below your comments. The information you enter in the Notes tab or page of any operations can also be viewed from the Notes Manager property view.
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Common Property Views
Notes Manager The Notes Manager lets you search for and manage notes for a case. To access the Notes Manager do one of the following: • •
Select Notes Manager command from the Flowsheet menu. Press the CTRL G hot key.
Figure 1.2 Click the Plus icon to expand the tree browser.
View/Add/Edit Notes To view, add, or edit notes for an object, select the object in the List of Objects group. Existing object notes appear in the Note group. • •
To add a note, type the text in the Note group. A time and date stamp appears automatically. To format note text, use the text tools in the Note group toolbar. You can also insert graphics and other objects.
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Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Overview 1-
• •
Click the Clear button to delete the entire note for the selected object. Click the View button to open the property view for the selected object.
Search Notes The Notes Manager allows you to search notes in three ways: • •
•
Select the View Objects with Notes Only checkbox (in the List of Objects group) to filter the list to show only objects that have notes. Select the Search notes containing the string checkbox, then type a search string. Only objects with notes containing that string appear in the object list. You can change the search option to be case sensitive by selecting the Search is Case Sensitive checkbox. The case sensitive search option is only available if you are searching by string. Select the Search notes modified since checkbox, then type a date.Only objects with notes modified after this date will appear in the object list.
1.2.4 User Variables Page/Tab The User Variables page or tab enables you to create and implement variables in the HYSYS simulation case. Figure 1.3
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Common Property Views
The following table outlines options in the user variables toolbar: Object
Icon
Function
Current Variable Filter drop-down list
Enables you to filter the list of variables in the table based on the following types: • All • Real • Enumeration • Text • Code Only • Message
Create a New User Variable icon
Enables you to create a new user variable and access the Create a New User Variable property view.
Edit the Selected User Variable icon
Enables you to edit the configuration of an existing user variable in the table. You can also open the edit property view of a user variable by double-clicking on its name in the table.
Delete the Selected User Variable icon
Enables you to delete the select user variable in the table. HYSYS requires confirmation before proceeding with the deletion. If a password has been assigned to the User Variable, the password is requested before proceeding with the deletion.
Sort Alphabetically icon
Enables you to sort the user variable list in ascending alphabetical order.
Sort by Execution Order icon
Enables you to sort the user variable list according to the order by which they are executed by HYSYS. Sorting by execution order is important if your user variables have order dependencies in their macro code. Normally, you should try and avoid these types of dependencies.
Move Selected Variable Up In Execution Order icon
Enables you to move the selected user variable up in execution order.
Move Selected Variable Down In Execution Order icon
Enables you to move the selected user variable down in the execution order.
Show/Hide Variable Enabling Checkbox icon
Enables you to toggle between displaying or hiding the Variable Enabling checkboxes associated with each user variable. By default, the checkboxes are not displayed.
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Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Overview 1-
Add a User Variable To add a user variable: 1. Access the User Variables page or tab in the object property view. 2. Click the Create a New User Variable icon. The Create New User Variable property view appears. Create a New User Variable icon
3. In the Name field, type in the user variable name. 4. Fill in the rest of the user variable parameters as indicated by the figure below. Figure 1.4
For more information on the user variables, refer to Chapter 5 - User Variables from HYSYS Customization Guide.
Select the data type, dimension, and unit type using these dropdown list. These tabs contain more options for configuring the user variable. Code field Allows you to add password security to the user variable.
You can define your own filters on the Filters tab of the user variable editing property view.
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Common Property Views
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Petroleum Assay
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2 Petroleum Assay
2.1 Introduction................................................................................... 2 2.1.1 Centroid Point.......................................................................... 4 2.2 Petroleum Assay Manager Property View....................................... 5 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 2.2.7
Adding Petroleum Assays .......................................................... 7 Viewing Petroleum Assays ......................................................... 7 Copying Petroleum Assays......................................................... 8 Deleting Petroleum Assays......................................................... 8 Importing Petroleum Assays ...................................................... 9 Exporting Petroleum Assays..................................................... 15 Creating User-Defined Blending Rules ....................................... 17
2.3 The Petroleum Assay Property View ............................................ 20 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.3.5 2.3.6
Information Tab ..................................................................... 22 GC Data Tab .......................................................................... 35 Analysis Tab .......................................................................... 42 Estimation Tab ....................................................................... 43 Plots Tab ............................................................................... 45 Notes Tab.............................................................................. 45
2.4 Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Unit Tags................................. 46
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Introduction
2.1 Introduction In refinery, the typical crude oil stream consist of the following characteristic: •
A continues mixture of many naturally occurring hydrocarbons with boiling points ranging from -160°C (Methane) to more than 1500°C.
•
Heavy fractions that are not mixtures of discretely identifiable components. These heavy fractions are often lumped together and identified as the plus-fraction starting from C7+ to C12+.
A proper description of the physical properties of the plusfractions is essential for reliable phase behaviour calculations and compositional modelling studies. Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining contains a data base that you can use to store and calculate the physical and petroleum properties of the crude oil stream. This data base is called a petroleum assay. A petroleum assay is a vector that stores physical properties and assay properties for a specific component list. Physical properties include all properties used in a typical HYSYS simulation case. Assay properties comprise refinery related properties as cloud point, octane numbers, flash point, freeze point, sulphur content, PONA distribution, GC data and etc. A component list typically consists of library components (for instance, methane to n-pentane) and pseudo-components (hypothetical components). Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining is based on a flexible structure so that no pre-defined list of pseudo-components is required. Moreover, existing lists of pseudo-components created by the HYSYS Oil Environment can be used in Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining. Each component stores a value of a physical and assay property.
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Petroleum Assay
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The assay properties are usually imported from an assay management system, as for instance, CrudeManager Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Link from Spiral Software Ltd. At the Simulation Environment, each stream may have its own petroleum assay, that is, the physical and assay properties of components on one stream may differ from other streams. Bulk values for assay properties are calculated using specific lumping rules. When process streams are mixed together on any HYSYS or Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining operation, a new petroleum assay is created and special blending rules are employed to recalculate the physical and assay properties. If you do not have the Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining license, you cannot create or import a petroleum assay using the options in the Petroleum Assay Manager property view.
You can create a petroleum assay using the options in the Petroleum Assay Manager property view or the Oil Manager tab. The differences between the petroleum assays created in Petroleum Assay Manager and Oil Manager are listed in the following table: Oil Manager
Petroleum Assay Manager
Each petroleum assay have its own component list.
One component list is shared among multiple assays.
Property values are not calculated based on blending rule, because each assay has its own component list.
Contains blending rule equation for more accurate calculation.
Enables you to modify a few petroleum properties.
Enables you to modify more petroleum properties.
Simplified option to characterize a petroleum assay.
Advanced option to characterize a petroleum assay.
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Introduction
2.1.1 Centroid Point In Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining, the centroid boiling point of the cuts, represented by hypocomponents initial boiling points (IBPs) and final boiling points (FBPs), and their yields are calculated by: 1. Plotting the boiling point curves of the cuts in the crude oil stream versus their yields. 2. Each cut is identified by an initial and final boiling point temperature. 3. The centroid point is the boiling point temperature associated with the mid percent-yield of the corresponding cut. The mid percent-yield is the half-way % volume point between the % volume of the initial and final boiling point. Refer to the figure below: Figure 2.1
Temperature
FBPn
Centroidn IBPn Vol 1
Vol 2 Vol 1 = Vol 2
% Volume
The final boiling point temperature is assigned as the hypocomponent’s boiling point temperature. The centroid boiling point is used to estimate the physical properties of the component.
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Petroleum Assay
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4. Step #2 and #3 are repeated to generate the boiling point temperatures for all of the hypocomponents. 5. For library components, the centroid boiling temperature is set to their normal boiling point.
2.2 Petroleum Assay Manager Property View If you do not have the Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining license, the HYSYS simulation case will have no access to any petroleum assay.
The Petroleum Assay Manager property view enables you to create, manipulate, import, and export the petroleum assay. Figure 2.2
To access the Petroleum Assay Manager property view: 1. Enter the Basis environment of the simulation case. 2. In the menu bar, select Basis | Basis Manager to open the Simulation Basis Manager property view.
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Petroleum Assay Manager Property
3. Click the Extend Simulation Basis Manager button. To create a petroleum assay, you must specify a list of components and configure a fluid package. If you are importing a petroleum assay from a file, you do not have to specify components or a fluid package.
The following table lists and describes the objects in the Petroleum Assay Manager property view: Object
Description
Petroleum Assays list
Displays the petroleum assays available in the simulation case.
View button
Opens the Petroleum Assay property view of the selected petroleum assay.
Add button
Creates a blank petroleum assay, where you can enter your own petroleum assay properties.
Delete button
Deletes the selected petroleum assay from the simulation case.
Copy button
Creates a copy of the selected petroleum assay.
Import button
Imports a petroleum assay from an external file. You can import petroleum assay from three types of files: HYSYS (*.pet), Comma Separated Value File (*.csv), and XML File (*.xml).
Export button
Exports the selected petroleum assay to an external file. You can export the petroleum assay into four types of files: Spiral CrudeManager, HYSYS, Comma Separated Value File, and XML File.
Property Blending Methods table
Displays the blending rules/equations used to calculation the petroleum properties of the selected petroleum assay. You can change the equations used to calculate the petroleum properties by selecting a different blending rule in the drop-down list.
Petroleum radio button
Filters the information in the Property Blending Methods table to display only HYSYS default petroleum properties.
User radio button
Filters the information in the Property Blending Methods table to display only HYSYS non-default/ user created petroleum properties.
View Macro button
Enables you to access the Blending Macros property view and create user define blending rules. This button is only available if a petroleum property contains a user define blending macro.
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Petroleum Assay
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2.2.1 Adding Petroleum Assays To add a petroleum assay: 1. Open the Simulation Basis Manager property view. Click the Home View icon to open the Simulation Basis Manager property view. Home View icon
2. Click the Extend Simulation Basis Manager button. The Petroleum Assay Manager property view appears. 3. Click the Add button. The Petroleum Assay property view appears.
2.2.2 Viewing Petroleum Assays To view a petroleum assay: 1. Open the Simulation Basis Manager property view. Press CTRL B to open the Simulation Basis Manager property view. 2. Click the Extend Simulation Basis Manager button. The Petroleum Assay Manager property view appears. 3. Select the petroleum assay you want to view from the list in the Petroleum Assays group. 4. Click the View button. The Petroleum Assay property view appears.
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Petroleum Assay Manager Property
2.2.3 Copying Petroleum Assays To copy a petroleum assay: 1. Open the Simulation Basis Manager property view. Select Basis | Basis Manager from the menu bar to open the Simulation Basis Manager property view. 2. Click the Extend Simulation Basis Manager button. The Petroleum Assay Manager property view appears. 3. Select the petroleum assay you want to copy from the list in the Petroleum Assays group. 4. Click the Copy button. The Petroleum Assay property view of the copied assay appears. The copied petroleum assay has a default name of Petroleum Assay - n, where n is an integer value.
2.2.4 Deleting Petroleum Assays To delete a petroleum assay: 1. Open the Simulation Basis Manager property view. Click the Home View icon to open the Simulation Basis Manager property view. Home View icon
2. Click the Extend Simulation Basis Manager button. The Petroleum Assay Manager property view appears. 3. Select the petroleum assay you want to delete from the list in the Petroleum Assays group. 4. Click the Delete button. Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining removes the selected petroleum assay from the list. Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining will not ask for confirmation when deleting assays.
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Petroleum Assay
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2.2.5 Importing Petroleum Assays You may import petroleum assays in HYSYS, XML, .CSV, or PIMS formats. You can also import an H/CAMS CAL-II assay by editing the CAL-II output file as described in the Section - Converting an H/CAMS assay to PIMS format, and importing the data as a PIMS assay. For any selected format, the procedure below imports a component list, petroleum assay properties, and/or property package information, so a complete fluid package is created: 1. Press CTRL B to open the Simulation Basis Manager. 2. Click Extend Simulation Basis Manager. The Petroleum Assay Manager opens. 3. Click Import. The Assay Import property view opens. Figure 2.3
4. Select the type of assay you want to import by clicking on the appropriate radio button. Refer to Appendix A.6 PET Files for more information on PET files.
•
HYSYS imports a PET (HYSYS petroleum assay) file. The PET file contains the component list, physical properties, petroleum properties, fluid packages, reactions, and component maps associated to the petroleum assay. User Property names from HYSYS must be edited to use an alias in order for the imported properties to be passed to the proper Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining calculations. See Appendix - HYSYS User Property Aliases for Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining for a list of the aliases.
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Petroleum Assay Manager Property
•
Comma Separated Value File imports a CSV (Comma Separated Value) file. The CSV file is a simple structured data file. The file contains a table of components, and the component’s molecular weight, normal boiling point, specific gravity, and petroleum properties.
Refer to Appendix A.5 Petroleum Assay XML Files for more information on XML files.
•
XML File imports an XML file. The XML file contains the name of the petroleum assay, description, created date, last modified date, a list of components available, and the molecular weight, normal boiling point, specific gravity, and petroleum properties of each component.
Refer to PIMS for more information on PIMS file.
•
Refer to Appendix A.4 Comma Separated Value Files for more information on CSV files.
PIMS Format imports a PIMS assay table file. The PIMS file contains all the necessary assay data, much like the CSV file. However the PIMS data variable string tag is different than Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining data variable string tag. So Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining needs to map its variables to PIMS variables. Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining imports the following information from the petroleum assay:
•
Components. If there is no list of components or the default component list is incomplete, Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining creates a new list of components based on the components in the imported petroleum assay.
•
Fluid Package. If the existing fluid package does not contain the same component list as the imported petroleum assay or there are no fluid package, Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining automatically creates a new fluid package with Peng-Robinson as the default property package and attaches a new component list based on the imported petroleum assay. (To change the property package of the new fluid package, open the Fluid Package property view and select a different property package.)
•
Physical Properties. Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining imports the following three critical physical properties: molecular weight, centroid boiling point, and specific gravity. The rest of the physical properties are calculated based on the three critical properties.
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•
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Petroleum Properties. Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining imports all petroleum properties.
If the petroleum assay data file contains petroleum properties outside Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining petroleum property list, Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining imports the data from the non-default petroleum properties and designates the non-default petroleum properties as UserProp-n, where n is an integer value. If the petroleum assay data file has no values for a petroleum property, the system leaves the petroleum property blank.
5. Click the Continue button. A file browser opens. 6. Locate and select the assay file you want to open and click the Open button. If you are importing a PIMS Assay, follow the additional steps described in Section - PIMS Assay Import Additional Steps.
PIMS Assay Import Additional Steps If you are importing PIMS assay, there are more steps to follow after completing the procedure above, Importing a Petroleum Assay:
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Petroleum Assay Manager Property
1. After selecting the PIMS file, the Import PIMS Data property view appears: Figure 2.4
All the data shown initially in the table of the Import PIMS Data property view are default values not related to the csv file previously selected. To map the PIMS variable data to the Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining variable data, you must browse to and select the PIMS String Table.
2. In the Import PIMS Data property view, click Import Data String. Refer to Section 2.4 Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Unit Tags for more
3. Select the PIMS String Table file (*.sdb extension) to map the PIMS variable tag with an Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining variable tag and click Open. (The default name and location for the data string file is: \[install location]\paks\PIMSAssay.sdb) The PIMS String Table file (*.sdb) consists of 3 sections: •
The Property Tag section, where the text used to for the PIMS petroleum property variables is mapped to the text of the Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining property description. Below is a sample of the PIMS tag (left) and associated Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining tag (right): - ISPG = "Standard Liquid Density" 2-12
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IFVT = "Boiling Temperature" VBAL = "Volume Fraction" IMWT = "Molecular Weight" IACD = "Acidity"
•
The Component Tag section, where the text used to represent PIMS components is mapped to the text of the Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining components: Below is a sample of the PIMS tag (left) and associated Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining tag (right): - NC1 = "Methane" - NC2 = "Ethane" - NC3 = "Propane" - IC4 = "I-Butane" - NC4 = "N-Butane" - IC5 = "I-Pentane"
•
The Unit Tag section. The Unit Tag section is optional. It maps PIMS unit abbreviations to Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining units if the PIMS Assay was stored using unit syntax other than that which Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining recognizes. You can add this section by appending a line for each “foreign” unit in the following format: UNIT_{PIMS property tag} = "{unit name}" for example: UNIT_IFVT = "C" means the PIMS property tag "IFVT" has units in C (Celcius). Refer to Section 2.4 - Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Unit Tags for a table of Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining unit symbols.
4. Click the Import PIMS Data button. Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining reads in all the data from the assay table using the mapping instructions from the string table, and populates the list in the Import PIMS Data property view.
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Petroleum Assay Manager Property
Converting an H/CAMS assay to PIMS format There is no direct import for H/CAMS data. However, you can use CAL/LINK or PIMS to generate a PIMS assay file, and then import the PIMS file into Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining. If you do not license either program, you can develop a PIMS or .csv format file in a manual editor. You must make some minor edits to the PIMS file output from Cal-II, and create an .sdb mapping file for the PIMS to Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining import. Here is the workflow for creating and converting the Cal-II output file: In Cal-II 1. Create slate of components. 2. Identify properties of interest. 3. Generate the PIMS file from Cal-II In a text editor: Open the Cal-II PIMS file. Using an SPG line as an example, the Cal-II line format looks like this: SPGR01;Specific Gravity;0,7405 1. Remove any lines with the property value of “na”. 2. Use search and replace to change all of the commas ( , ) to dots, and all of the semicolons (;) to commas: SPGR01,Specific Gravity,0.7405 3. Make sure each property name begins with the correct PIMS tag. If there is no PIMS tag, add a PIMS tag. If there is a PIMS tag, but it is different from that recognized by Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining, then replace the PIMS tag with an Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining PIMS tag. Current valid PIMS tags are listed in the file [install dir]\paks\PIMSAssay.sdb. Usually the valid PIMS tag is the existing string with a leading “I” added, for example: 2-14
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ISPGR01;Specific Gravity;0,7405 Notable exceptions are CutTemperature with a PIMS tag of “IFVTR”, Mass Fraction with a PIMS tag of “WBAL” and Volume Fraction with a PIMS tag of “VBAL.” 4. Save the file with a .csv extension, and close. Now you must prepare the .sdb file to import along with the PIMS file. 1. Open the [install dir]\paks\PIMSAssay.sdb “string table” file. See Section - PIMS Assay Import Additional Steps above for a description of the sections of this file. 2. Save the file to a new name. 3. Check the following factors: If you have a user assigned tag not present in the .sdb file, enter it with a text description in the first section. Make sure every Component name has a description. If there is no description, the component will not be passed in the import process. At minimum, the value must be ‘’ ‘’ Optionally, append unit-correcting strings to the end of the file if the assay was stored using unit strings other than those Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining recognizes. See Section - PIMS Assay Import Additional Steps and Section 2.4 - Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Unit Tags for more information 4. Save the file with an .sdb extension and close. You can now import the .csv file as a PIMS assay in the normal way. See Section 2.2.5 - Importing Petroleum Assays.
2.2.6 Exporting Petroleum Assays To export a petroleum assay: 1. Open the Simulation Basis Manager property view. Select Basis | Basis Manager from the menu bar to open the Simulation Basis Manager property view. 2-15
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Petroleum Assay Manager Property
2. Click the Extend Simulation Basis Manager button. The Petroleum Assay Manager property view appears. 3. Select the petroleum assay you want to export from the list in the Petroleum Assays group. 4. Click the Export button. The Assay Export property view appears. Figure 2.5
5. Select the file type for the exported assay by clicking on the appropriate radio button. Refer to Appendix A.7 Spiral Files for more information on the Spiral file.
•
Spiral Crude Manager radio button allows you to export the assay as a Spiral file. The Spiral file contains the name of the petroleum assay, description, created date, last modified date, a list of components available, and the molecular weight, normal boiling point, specific gravity, and petroleum properties of each component.
Refer to Appendix A.6 PET Files for more information on PET files.
•
HYSYS radio button allows you to export the assay as a PET (HYSYS petroleum assay) file. The PET file contains the component list, physical properties, petroleum properties, fluid packages, reactions, and component maps associated to the petroleum assay.
Refer to Appendix A.4 Comma Separated Value Files for more information on CSV files.
•
Comma Separated Value File radio button allows you to export the assay as a CSV file. The CSV file is a simple structured data file. The file contains a table of components, and the component’s molecular weight, normal boiling point, specific gravity, and petroleum properties.
Refer to Appendix A.5 Petroleum Assay XML Files for more information on XML files.
•
XML File radio button allows you to export the assay as a *.xml file. The XML file contains the name of the petroleum assay, description, created date, last modified date, a list of components available, and the molecular weight, normal boiling point, specific gravity, and petroleum properties of each component.
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With the exception of the PET file, the following information are exported to the petroleum assay files:
•
Petroleum assay name
•
Petroleum assay description
•
Petroleum assay creation and last modified dates
•
Component list
•
Component molecular weight
•
Component normal boiling point
•
Component specific gravity
•
Component petroleum properties.
The petroleum assay physical properties are not exported.
6. Click the Continue button. The File Selection for Exporting Petroleum Assay property view appears. 7. Select a location for the assay file using the Save in dropdown list, and type the name of the exported assay file in the File name field. 8. Click the Save button.
2.2.7 Creating User-Defined Blending Rules For more information, refer to Section 11.14 Macro Language Editor in the HYSYS User Guide.
Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining lets you create your own calculation blending method for the petroleum properties. The new blending rule method is created in the Macro Language Editor property view. To create a new blending rule method for a petroleum property: 1. Enter the Simulation Basis Environment. 2. Open the Simulation Basis Manager property view.
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Petroleum Assay Manager Property
3. Click the Extend Simulation Basis Manager button. The Petroleum Assay Manager property view appears. 4. In the Property Blending Methods group, select the Petroleum radio button. 5. In the Petroleum Property table, scroll up and down until you find the petroleum property you want to manipulate. Figure 2.6
6. Under the Blending Rule column, select the cell beside the petroleum property. 7. Click the down arrow select User Macro.
to access the drop-down list, and
Figure 2.7
8. Click the View Macro button that appears. Figure 2.8
The Blending Macros property view appears.
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9. Double click the selected property to custom define a blending rule. Figure 2.9 Double click to custom define the blending rule
Click to delete the user defined rule.
The Edit Existing Code of property view appears. For more information on the options in Editing Existing Code of property view, refer to Section 5.4 - User Variable Property View in the HYSYS Customerization Guide.
10. In the Editing Existing Code of property view, click the Show/Hide Variable Details icon options in the view.
to access more
Figure 2.10
Use the options in the Editing Existing Code of property view to configure the new petroleum property blending rule. 2-19
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The Petroleum Assay Property View
11. Click the OK button to accept the new petroleum assay blending rule.
2.3 The Petroleum Assay Property View The Petroleum Assay property view allows you to specify and manipulate the properties of the petroleum assay. Figure 2.11
The property view contains six tabs and a status bar: •
The Information tab contains all the options necessary to create a petroleum assay.
•
The GC Data tab allows you to manipulate the GC data of the petroleum assay.
•
The Analysis tab enables you to view the types of calculation errors that occur in the petroleum assay.
•
The Estimation tab enables you to import certain petroleum assay property values based on assumptions and equations.
•
The Plots tab displays the petroleum properties of the petroleum assay in graph format.
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•
The Notes tab allows you to specify information regarding the simulation case.
•
The status bar indicates the status of the petroleum assay.
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The Petroleum Assay Property View
2.3.1 Information Tab The Information tab allows you to specify the name, associated fluid package, description, properties, and composition of the petroleum assay. Figure 2.12
The following table lists and describes the objects available in the Information tab: Object
Description
Name field
Allows you to specify the name of the petroleum assay. The name you supply also appears in the title bar of the Petroleum Assay property view.
Associated Fluid Pkg drop-down list
Allows you to select the fluid package associated with the petroleum assay.
Created field
Displays the date and time when the petroleum assay was created.
Modified field
Displays the date and time when the petroleum assay was last modified.
Description field
Allows you to supply information about the petroleum assay.
Edit Properties button
Allows you to access the Editing Properties property view, where you can manipulate the petroleum property values.
Edit Composition button
Allows you to access the Petroleum Assay Composition property view, where you can enter the composition of the petroleum assay.
Edit Bulk Properties button
Enables you to access the Edit Bulk Properties Property View.
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For more information on FCC, refer to FCC Operation Guide.
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Object
Description
Reactor Type column
Displays the Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining reactor: FCC. The FCC reactor handles petroleum assay differently than the standard HYSYS reactors.
Is Ready? column
Displays whether the petroleum assay has been configured to handle the associate reactors. • Yes means the petroleum assay can be use for material streams flowing through the reactor. • No means the petroleum assay cannot be use for material streams flowing through the reactor.
Make Ready? column
Allows you to configure/prepare the petroleum assay to handle the associate reactor, before entering the simulation environment. Select the appropriate checkbox to prepare the petroleum assay.
To obtain the CrudeManager Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Link, contact your local AspenTech
Crude Manager button
Refer to Importing HYSYS Assays and Importing a PIMS Assay Table sections for more information.
Hysys Oil Environment button
Allows you to access the CrudeManager Link and edit the petroleum assay using the assay management system from Spiral Software Ltd. In CrudeManager Link there are two different methods to characterizing a petroleum assay: • Lite. The method uses simple and smooth cuts to calculate the petroleum properties based on the user provided experimental data. • Advanced. This method uses statistical and prediction calculation models to calculate the petroleum properties based on the user provided experimental data. CrudeManager Link carries an HPI standard data base. Enables you to easily import old HYSYS assays and PIMS assay table into an Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining petroleum assay.
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The Petroleum Assay Property View
Edit Bulk Properties Property View The Edit Bulk Properties property view enables you to specify properties that apply to the entire petroleum assay, not properties that just applies to individual components. Figure 2.13
The current bulk properties available for specification are: •
Initial boiling point temperature
•
Final boiling point temperature
Editing Properties Property View The Editing Properties for Petroleum Assay property view, allows you to modify the property values of the petroleum assay. Figure 2.14
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The Editing Properties property view is split into two panes. •
The pane on the left allows you to filter and select which properties you want to manipulate.
•
The pane on the right provides options for you to enter the new property values.
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The Petroleum Assay Property View
The Sort By group in the left pane, allows you to filter the list of properties, in the tree browser below the group, based on the selected radio button: Click the Plus ( ) and Minus ( ) icons to expand and collapse the branches in the tree browser.
•
Property Name. Displays all the properties available (in Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining) in alphabetical order.
•
Group. Sorts and categorizes the properties based on their characteristic (for example, Thermodynamic, Property Package, Physical, User specified, Petroleum, and so forth).
•
Type. Sorts the properties based on the value type they provide (for example, single point value or multiple curve/ plot values).
•
Modify Status. Splits the properties between those that have been already modified by you, and those that still have their default values.
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Petroleum Assay Composition Property View The Petroleum Assay Composition property view, allows you to modify the mole fraction of the components in the petroleum assay. Figure 2.15
The following table lists and describes the objects in the Petroleum Assay Composition property view: Object
Description
Component table
Allows you to specify the mole fraction of the components in the petroleum assay.
Normalize button
Allows you to normalize the total composition value to 1.
Cancel button
Exits the Petroleum Assay Composition property view without saving any of the changes.
Accept button
Exits the Petroleum Assay Composition property view and save the changes.
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The Petroleum Assay Property View
Importing HYSYS Assays An Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining petroleum assay contains an option that enables you to re-use assay information from old HYSYS cases and place them into an Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining petroleum assay. There are two ways of importing the assay information: •
You can import the assay into a petroleum assay while keeping the original component list from the old HYSYS case.
•
You can import the assay information from the old HYSYS case and apply the information to a new component list.
You cannot re-use/import the blending information from an old HYSYS assay into an Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining petroleum assay. The blend/cut information is always recalculated during the import process (using the predefined component list).
The imported HYSYS assay information does not contain any petroleum property information. So after you have imported the HYSYS assay into a petroleum assay, you can supply the petroleum property data using the Crude Manager or Edit Properties option in the Information Tab of the Petroleum Assay property view.
Keeping the Original Component List To import the HYSYS assay information into an Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining petroleum assay, while keeping the existing component list from the old case: 1. Open a HYSYS case with existing HYSYS assay. 2. Enter the Simulation Basis Environment.
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3. Open the Simulation Basis Manager property view, by selecting Basis | Basis Manager command in the menu bar. Figure 2.16
4. Click the Extend Simulation Basis Manager button. 5. In the Petroleum Assay Manager property view, click the Add button. 6. In the Petroleum Assay property view, select the fluid package (associated to the HYSYS Oil Characterization assay) in the Associated Fluid Pkg drop-down list. Figure 2.17
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The Petroleum Assay Property View
7. Click the HYSYS Oil Environment button. Figure 2.18
8. In the Available Assays property view, open the Select Assay drop-down list and select the assay you want to import to Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining. 9. Click the OK button.
Using a New Component List To import the HYSYS assays information into an Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining petroleum assay with a new component list: 1. Open a HYSYS case with existing HYSYS assay. 2. Enter the Simulation Basis Environment. 3. Open the Simulation Basis Manager property view, by selecting Basis | Basis Manager command in the menu bar. 4. Do one of the following: •
Import a component list and create a new fluid package to be associated to the imported component list.
•
Create a new component list from scratch and create a new fluid package to be associated to the new component list.
•
Import a fluid package containing the new component list.
5. In the Simulation Basis Manager property view, click the Oil Manager tab.
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6. Open the drop-down list in the Associated Fluid Package field and select the copied fluid package. Figure 2.19
7. Click the Extend Simulation Basis Manager button. 8. In the Petroleum Assay Manager property view, click the Add button. 9. In the Petroleum Assay property view, select the copied fluid package in the Associated Fluid Pkg drop-down list. Figure 2.20
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The Petroleum Assay Property View
10. Click the HYSYS Oil Environment button. 11. In the Available Assays property view, open the Select Assay drop-down list and select the assay you want to import into Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining. Figure 2.21
12. Click the OK button.
Importing a PIMS Assay Table There are two methods of importing PIMS assay table: •
Importing the entire information (assay properties and component list) from the PIMS assay table. Refer to Section 2.2.5 - Importing Petroleum Assays for more information.
•
Importing only the assay properties information from the PIMS assay table (See below).
Import Only PIMS Assay Properties To import only the assay properties from the PIMS assay table: 1. Open an existing simulation case or start a new case. If you are starting a new case, enter the component list and select a property package for the fluid package. 2. Click the Extend Simulation Basis Manager button. 3. On the Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Petroleum Assay Manager property view, click Add button.
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4. In the new Petroleum Assay property view, select the fluid package in the Associated Fluid Pkg drop-down list. Figure 2.22
5. Click the HYSYS Oil Environment button. Figure 2.23
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The Petroleum Assay Property View
6. In the Petroleum Assay property view, click Import PIMS Assay to Oil Environment button. Figure 2.24
7. In the file browser, locate and select the PIMS assay table file (.csv format, by default under the [install dir]\paks directory.) Click Open. The Import PIMS Data property view appears: Figure 2.25
All the data shown initially will be default values and not related to the csv file previously selected.
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8. In the Import PIMS Data property view, click the Import Data String button to access the File Selection for Importing a PIMS String Table property view. Refer to Section 2.4 Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Unit Tags for more
9. In the File Selection for Importing a PIMS String Table property view, select the PIMS String Table file (*.sdb extension) to map the PIMS variable tag with an Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining variable tag and click Open. Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining will read in all the data from the assay table using the mapping instructions from the string table and populate the list in the Import PIMS Data property view. 10. Click the Import PIMS Data button.
2.3.2 GC Data Tab The GC (gas chromatography) Data tab allows you to manipulate the GC data values of the petroleum assay. Figure 2.26
There are two types of GC data: •
Wide cut GC data is the value based on a lump/group of components within the cut. You can only specify wide cut GC data values in the GC Data Tab.
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The Petroleum Assay Property View
•
Narrow cut GC data is the value based on individual components within the cut. HYSYS calculates the narrow cut GC data. You cannot specify values for narrow cut data.
The following table lists and describes the objects in the GC Data tab: Object
Description
GC Data Characterization group
Contains the PONA tree that list the wide cut GC data available (in Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining) for manipulation. To select a GC data for manipulation: 1. In the GC Data Characterization group, expand the PONA tree browser by clicking the Plus icon . 2. Expand the branches until you find the GC data you want to manipulate. 3. Select the checkbox beside the GC data you want to manipulate
.
Enables you to move forward to the next page.
>>>>> button
Allows you to move the selected objects from the Objects Available group to the Scope Objects group.
> button to move the selected objects into the Scope Objects group. 7. Click the Accept List button to scope the selected unit operations and exit the Target Objects property view. Changing the scope in the Target Objects property view will automatically remove variables (that are no longer attached to the objects in the Scope Objects list) from the Delta Base utility.
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Delta Base Utility
10.2.6 Generating Derivative Values To generate derivative values of dependent variables with respect to changes in the values of independent variables: 1. Open the Delta Base utility property view. 2. Go to the Derivative Analysis tab. 3. In the top right table, select the type of units you want to use by using the drop-down list in the appropriate cell along the Units row. 4. Type the absolute perturbation (amount of changes) values for the independent variables in the appropriate cells along the Pert row. If the independent variable you have selected is a calculated variable (in other words, the variable value is not specified but calculated by HYSYS), HYSYS will not let you vary the value of the selected independent variable. You have to either add tear around the scoped objects or select the appropriate checkbox in the Use proxy row, and use a proxy variable to vary the calculated independent variable value. 5. (Optional) Click the Isolate button to isolate the scope object. When the independent variable values change, the new values are ignored by the rest of the objects in the process flow diagram. 6. Click the Generate Derivatives button to calculate the new dependent variable values and the derivative values.
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Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Utilities 10-
The derivative values are displayed in the middle table with respect to the independent variable columns. Figure 10.9
The derivatives are displayed in the delta units of the dependent variable with respect to the delta units of the independent variable. Selecting different units will display the derivatives in the new unit set, but the values are only valid at the base values of the independent variables in the unit sets at which the analysis was performed.
Click the Cancel Solve button, if you want to stop the derivative calculations. 7. (Optional) Click the Propagate button to deactivate the stream cutters. This allows changes in the flowsheet to propagate through the scope objects to the entire process flow diagram, but may cause independent variables to become un-modifiable.
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Delta Base Utility
Equations to Calculate Derivatives The following is an example on calculating the derivatives from independent variables: y1 – y0 Derivative value = Δy ------ = --------------Δx x1 – x0
(10.1)
where: x 1 = x 0 + Δx y1 = new dependent variable value based on x1 x0 = base value of the independent variable y0 = base value of the dependent variable Δx = perturbation value of the independent variable
The following is an example on calculating the derivatives from proxy variables: Derivative value = Δy -----Δx
(10.2)
where: w 1 = w 0 + Δw w0 = base value of the proxy variable Δw = perturbation value of the proxy variable Δx = x 1 – x 0 x0 = base value of the independent variable x1 = new independent variable value based on w1 Δy = y 1 – y 0 y0 = base value of the dependent variable y1 = new dependent variable value based on w1
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10.2.7 Exporting Generated Derivatives To export the Delta Base data to PIMS, you have to save the derivative data as a *.csv file. 1. Open the Delta Base utility property view. 2. Click the Derivative Analysis tab. 3. Click the Export Data button. The File Selection for Exporting Delta Base Data property view appears. 4. Use the Save in drop-down list to select the location for the variable *.csv file. 5. In the File name field, type in the name of the *.csv file. 6. Click the Save button. You can now retrieve the variable data in PIMS by opening the *.csv file in the PIMS program.
10.3 Petroleum Assay Utility The Petroleum Assay utility is only available for use when you have added a petroleum assay in the simulation environment. When there is a petroleum assay in the simulation environment, the Boiling Point Curves utility is unavailable.
The Petroleum Assay utility, which is used in conjunction with characterized assays from the Petroleum Assay, allows you to obtain the results of a laboratory style analysis for your simulation streams. Simulated distillation data including TBP, ASTM D86, D2887, D1160(Vac), and D1160(Atm), as well as petroleum properties for each cut point are calculated. The data can be viewed in a tabular format or graphically. The object for the analysis can be a material stream, a stream phase in any stage of a tray section, a stream phase in a separator, a stream phase in a condenser, or a stream phase in a reboiler. 10-23
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Petroleum Assay Utility
Figure 10.10
To ignore this utility during calculations, select the Ignored checkbox on the utility’s property view. HYSYS disregards the utility entirely until you restore it to an active state by clearing the checkbox.
Adding a Petroleum Assay Utility 1. In the Tools menu, click the Utilities command. The Available Utilities property view appears. You can also access the Available Utilities property view by pressing CTRL U. 2. From the list of available utilities, in the right pane, select the Petroleum Assay utility. 3. Click the Add Utility button. The Petroleum Assay utility property view appears.
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Editing a Petroleum Assay Utility 1. In the Tools menu, click the Utilities command. The Available Utilities property view appears. 2. From the list of installed utilities, in the left pane, select the Petroleum Assay utility you want to view. 3. Click the View Utility button. The selected utility’s property view appears. From here, you can modify any of the utility’s properties.
Deleting a Petroleum Assay Utility 1. In the Tools menu, click the Utilities command. The Available Utilities property view appears. 2. From the list of installed utilities, in the left pane, select the Petroleum Assay utility you want to delete. 3. Click the Delete Utility button. HYSYS will ask you to confirm the deletion. You can also delete a utility by clicking the Delete button on the utility’s property view.
10.3.1 Design Tab The Design tab contains two pages: • •
Connections Notes
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Petroleum Assay Utility
Connections Page On the Connections page, you can select the parameters for the Petroleum Assay utility. Figure 10.11
To set the Petroleum Assay utility parameters: 1. On the Connections page of the Design tab, change the Name of the utility, if desired. 2. From the Object Type drop-down list, select the object type you want. The options are Stream, Tray Section, Separator, Condenser, or Reboiler. For a tray section, the petroleum assay properties can be accessed on the Profiles tab of the Column Runner.
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3. Click the Select Object button, the Select (object type) property view appears. Figure 10.12
The title of the Select (object type) property view depends on the object type you selected. For example, if you select the condenser, the Select Condenser property view appears. 4. Choose the appropriate object from the Object list, and click the OK button to add the selected object to the utility. The Object list can be filtered by selecting one of the radio buttons in the Object Filter group. 5. For all object types except the Stream selection, from the Phase drop-down list you can select the phase for the analysis as either Vapour or Liquid. 6. If the Object Type which you have selected is a Tray Section, from the Stage drop-down list select a stage.
Notes Page For more information refer to Section 1.2.3 Notes Page/Tab.
The Notes page provides a text editor, where you can record any comments or information regarding the utility, or to your simulation case in general.
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Petroleum Assay Utility
10.3.2 Results Tab The Results tab contains three pages: • • •
Boiling Curves Properties Plots
Boiling Curves Page You can view the results of the boiling point curve calculations in tabular format on the Boiling Curves page. Figure 10.13
Simulated distillation profiles are provided for the following assay types: • • • • •
TBP ASTM ASTM ASTM ASTM
D86 D2887 D1160 (Vac.) D1160 (Atm.)
The ASTM D86 boiling point curve corresponds to the true boiling points of the oil, which assumes no cracking has occurred. 10-28
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When the oil is characterized by a ASTM D86 distillation assay with no cracking option, the ASTM D86 boiling point curve corresponds to raw lab data, with no cracking correction applied. When the oil is characterized by a ASTM D86 distillation assay with cracking option, the ASTM D86 boiling point curve corresponds to the assay input data.
Properties Page The Properties page displays the petroleum assay properties. Figure 10.14
Plots Page The Plots page displays the plots of the boiling point curves, molecular weight, standard liquid density, and the petroleum properties in graphical form. Examine the plot of your choice by making a selection from the Property drop-down list. Refer to Section 10.4 Graph Control in the HYSYS User Guide for details concerning the customization of plots.
You can customize a plot by right-clicking in the plot area, and selecting Graph Control from the object inspect menu.
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Petroleum Assay Utility
The figure below shows an example of the Plots page. Figure 10.15
10.3.3 Dynamics Tab The Dynamics tab allows you to control how often the utility gets calculated when running in Dynamic mode. Figure 10.16
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The Control Period field is used to specify the frequency that the utility is calculated. A value of 10 indicates that the utility be recalculated every 10th pressure flow step. This can help speed up your dynamic simulation since utilities can require some time to calculate. The Use Default Periods checkbox allows you to set the control period of one utility to equal the control period of any other utilities that you have in the simulation. For example, if you have five utilities, and require them all to have a control period of 5 and currently the value is 8, with this checkbox selected if you change the value in one utility all the other utilities change. Alternatively, if you want all the utilities to have different values you would clear this checkbox. The Enable in Dynamics checkbox is used to activate this feature for use in Dynamic mode.
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Swing Cut Utility
10.4 Swing Cut Utility The Swing Cut utility, which is used in conjunction with the Petroleum Distillation column, allows you to generate and export assay tables with user-specified swing cuts in PIMS format. Aspen PIMS (Process Industry Modeling System) is a production planning and optimization tool that is widely used in the refinery industry. It allows you to determine the best operating conditions at minimum cost using Linear Programming (LP) and simplified assumptions. The Swing Cut utility provides tighter integration between Aspen Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining and Aspen PIMS to achieve a wider refinery modeling solution. LP crude assays consist of yields and properties of heart cuts and swing cuts. Heart cuts refer to material that must always be allocated to a given refinery stream. For example, the kerosene heart cut is material that will always be taken from the crude column kerosene draw. Swing cuts represent material that can be allocated to two adjacent crude column draws. For example, the naphtha/kerosene swing cut is material that can be drawn out of the crude column with the naphtha stream, or kerosene stream. The allocation of the swing cut is determined by the cut point on the actual crude column; this is set by specifying the TBPs.
Adding a Swing Cut Utility 1. In the Tools menu, click the Utilities command. The Available Utilities property view appears. You can also access the Available Utilities property view by pressing CTRL U. 2. From the list of available utilities, shown in the right pane, select the Swing Cut Utility. 3. Click the Add Utility button. The Swing Cut utility property view appears.
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Editing a Swing Cut Utility 1. In the Tools menu, click the Utilities command. The Available Utilities property view appears. 2. From the list of installed utilities, shown in the left pane, select the Swing Cut utility you want to view. 3. Click the View Utility button. The selected utility’s property view appears. From here, you can modify any of the utility’s properties.
Deleting a Swing Cut Utility 1. In the Tools menu, click the Utilities command. The Available Utilities property view appears. 2. From the list of installed utilities, shown in the left pane, select the Swing Cut utility you want to delete. 3. Click the Delete Utility button. HYSYS will ask you to confirm the deletion. You can also delete a utility by clicking the Delete button on the utility’s property view.
Exporting Assay Properties from Swing Cut Utility You can only export assay properties after you have run the Swing Cut calculation option.
1. Open the Swing Cut Utility property view. 2. Scope the appropriate objects. 3. Select the light end components for the Swing Cut calculation. 4. Select the assay properties for the Swing Cut calculation. 5. Specify a tag name in the Crude tag field. 6. Click the Run button. 7. Click the Export Assay Table button to export the calculated assay properties data to a *csv file.
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Swing Cut Utility
10.4.1 Specification Tab The Specification tab allows you to specify the heart and swing cuts that you want to calculate in the Petroleum Distillation column. Figure 10.17
The following table lists and describes the objects available in the Specifications tab: Object
Description
Name field
Allows you to change the name of the Swing Cut utility.
Scope Objects button
Allows you to select a Petroleum Distillation column to be attached to the Swing Cut utility by opening the Target Objects Property View.
Calculation Basis drop-down list
Allows you to select Volume Basis or Mass Basis for your calculations.
Once you have connected the Swing Cut utility to a Petroleum Distillation column, the product streams of the column are shown in the Heart and Swing Cut table.
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You can select the products you want to include in the printed report in the Swing Cut utility by selecting their corresponding checkboxes in the Include column. The TBP Cut data for each product stream are retrieved from the column. You need to specify a maximum TBP cut temperature to define a swing cut. The maximum TBP Cut must be a temperature value in between two adjacent product streams and it must satisfy the following condition: ( T2 – T1 ) T 1 + 1.0 < TBP < T 1 + -----------------------2
(10.3)
T2 > T1
(10.4)
where: T1, T2 = temperature values for product stream 1 and 2 TBP = maximum TBP cut for the product stream 1
Since there is no specific TBP cut point for the last product stream, the last maximum TBP cut must satisfy the following condition: T 1 + 1.0 < TBPLast < T 1 + 50.0
(10.5)
where: T1 = temperature of the product stream before the last product stream TBPLast = swing cut TBP for the last product stream
You will not be allowed to enter a value if the value is out of range.
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Swing Cut Utility
10.4.2 Light Ends Tab The Light Ends tab contains a table that displays the petroleum light ends properties (yield by weight and volume, NBP, molecular weight, and SG) of the components in the selected/ scoped objects. You can select or clear the checkboxes under the Include column to consider or ignore the component properties during calculation. Figure 10.18
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10.4.3 Assay Table Tab The Assay Table tab allows you to select and view the assay properties from the product stream used in the calculation. Figure 10.19
• • • •
Calculation Basis drop-down list enables you to select Volume Basis or Mass Basis for your calculations. Crude Tag field enables you to specify a PIMS tag for the assay table. Run button enables you to run the Swing Cut calculation option. Export Assay Table button enables you to export the calculated assay properties data into a *.csv format file.
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Swing Cut Utility
Selecting an Assay Property To select an assay property for a product stream: 1. Under the Assay Property column, place the mouse cursor over an empty cell. The down arrow icon
appears in the cell as shown.
Figure 10.20
2. Click the down arrow icon to open the drop-down list and select an assay property.
Property Calculation for Swing Cuts After you have selected the desired cut properties for each product stream, click on the Run button to run the utility. Swing Cuts utility generates assay tables with user-specified swing cuts. For each individual crude, the column will run once using the default product cut points, and once again using the maximum cut point for each product, where a swing cut was selected. For instance, in a Kero-LGO swing, the column will run with Kero cut point set to maximum Kero TBP cut, and then the following formulas are used to calculate properties (Ps) of Kero-LGO swing.
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From LGO: Vs ⋅ Ps + V1 ⋅ P1 = ( Vs + V1 ) ⋅ P2
(10.6)
[(V + V ) ⋅ P – V ⋅ P ] s 1 2 1 1 P = ---------------------------------------------------------------s V s
(10.7)
where: V = volume (or weight) P = property s = swing cut 1, 2 = state (low, high cut point)
The Swing Cut utility is available in steady state mode. You can perform the calculations on the petroleum distillation column without propagation of the perturbation to other unit operations. The utility will be available within the subflowsheet environment as well as at the main flowsheet level. Each instance of the utility will be independent. There may be several instances of the utility active in a flowsheet.
10.4.4 PIMS Format Tab The PIMS Format tab allows you to associate a unique PIMS tag for each product stream and cut property. When you export the assay tables, these PIMS tags are used to represent the product streams and cut properties in the csv file. You can type directly in the cell to specify a PIMS tag.
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Swing Cut Utility
Figure 10.21
Comma Separated Values (csv) file is a simple structured data file. The file contains a table of product streams and their corresponding properties data. The data in the file can be accessed through Microsoft Excel application. Aspen Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining uses csv files to contain petroleum properties of individual assays. The following describes the general layout of the csv file: • • • •
In the first column, the PIMS tags for the product streams and cut properties are displayed in combination. In the second column, the full name of the product stream and the associated cut property are displayed. The third column displays the numerical data information. The crude tag is displayed in the first cell of the third column. You can have multiple crude data displayed on the same spreadsheet.
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-1
A Petroleum Methods & Correlations A.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 2 A.2 Physical Property Calculation ........................................................ 2 A.2.1 A.2.2 A.2.3 A.2.4
Calculation for Molecular Weight................................................. 3 Calculation for Centroid Boiling Point........................................... 3 Calculation for Specific Gravity................................................... 4 Heat of Formation .................................................................... 4
A.3 Petroleum Property Calculation ..................................................... 5 A.3.1 A.3.2 A.3.3 A.3.4 A.3.5 A.3.6
Mass Blend.............................................................................. 6 Mole Blend .............................................................................. 6 Volume Blend .......................................................................... 7 Healy Method for RON and MON ................................................. 8 Component Level Calculations.................................................... 9 Stream Level Calculations ....................................................... 16
A.4 Comma Separated Value Files...................................................... 40 A.4.1 Format of CSV Files ................................................................ 40 A.5 Petroleum Assay XML Files .......................................................... 44 A.5.1 A.5.2 A.5.3 A.5.4
File Versions .......................................................................... 46 File Types.............................................................................. 46 Crude and Component Information........................................... 47 Individual Component Information............................................ 48
A.6 PET Files ...................................................................................... 49 A.7 Spiral Files ................................................................................... 51 A. 8 References................................................................................... 47
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A-2
Introduction
A.1 Introduction This appendix is contains the blending rules of the physical and petroleum properties in petroleum assays, the definition of a Comma Separated Value (CSV) file, and the format of an XML file containing a petroleum assay data. If you do not have the Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining license, you will not be able to access the petroleum properties.
A.2 Physical Property Calculation For more information on physical property calculations, refer to Appendix A - Property Methods & Calculations in the HYSYS Simulation Basis guide.
All the physical properties of a stream with petroleum assays are calculated/estimated based on three critical information: molecular weight, centroid boiling point, and specific gravity. These three property values are often provided with the petroleum properties values of a petroleum assay. If the three critical property values are not provided, estimated values are calculated based on blending the components’ property values. The components considered are the components that are active in the petroleum assay.
When two petroleum assays are blended together, their physical properties are recalculated/re-estimated using the blended value of the molecular weight, centroid boiling point, specific gravity, and heat of formation.
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A.2.1 Calculation for Molecular Weight The following equation is used to calculate the blended molecular weight value:
∑
MW blend =
MFlowS × MW S S = stream ---------------------------------------------------------------
∑
(A.1)
MFlow S
S = stream
where: MWblend = mixed molecular weight MFlow = mass flow rate of stream S MW = molecular weight in each stream
A.2.2 Calculation for Centroid Boiling Point The following equation is used to calculate the blended centroid boiling point value:
∑
CBP blend =
VFlow S × CBP S S = streams ------------------------------------------------------------------
∑
(A.2)
VFlow S
S = streams
where: CBPblend = mixed centroid boiling point VFlow = volumetric flow rate of stream S CBP = centroid boiling point in each stream
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A-4
Physical Property Calculation
A.2.3 Calculation for Specific Gravity The following equation is used to calculate the blended liquid density/specific gravity value:
∑
MFlow S
= streams SG blend = S--------------------------------------------VFlow S ∑
(A.3)
S = streams
where: SGblend = mixed specific gravity VFlow = volumetric flow rate of stream S The volumetric flow conditions is at standard 60°F. MFlow = mass flow rate of stream S
A.2.4 Heat of Formation The following equation is used to calculate the blended heat of formation value:
∑
HofF blend =
MolFlow S × HofF S S = stream ------------------------------------------------------------------------
∑
(A.4)
MolFlow S
S = stream
where: HofFblend = mixed heat of formation MolFlow = molar flow rate of stream S HofF = heat of formation in each stream A-4
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-5
A.3 Petroleum Property Calculation In Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining there are two levels of calculation for the petroleum properties: •
Component Level. In this calculation method, individual component properties in a stream are used to calculate the petroleum property.
Component level blending occurs in all situations when two or more streams enter a unit operation. For example, in mixers, separators, and distillation columns with two or more feeds.
For example, consider the streams mixing in the figure below. To calculate the blended Aniline Point for component B in stream 3, the Component Level method uses the B component property from stream 1 and 2. You can also select the type of blending rule (mass, mole, or volume) to calculate the new Aniline Point. Figure A.1
•
Stream Level. In this calculation method, the overall stream properties are used to calculate the petroleum property. For example, consider the streams mixing in the figure above. To calculate the blended Aniline Point for stream 3, the Stream Level method uses the petroleum property from component A, B, and C. In the case of Stream Level there is only one type of blending equation available.
There are three main blending calculations that most of the petroleum properties use: Mass, Mole, and Volume.
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A-6
Petroleum Property Calculation
A.3.1 Mass Blend This blending rule4 is used to blend properties based on mass fraction using the following relation:
∑
Mixprop =
MFlow S × prop S S = streams -------------------------------------------------------------------
∑
(A.5)
MFlowS
S = streams
where: MFlow = mass flow rate of stream S prop = property to be blended in each stream Mixprop = mixed value of the targeted property
A.3.2 Mole Blend The Mole Blend rule4 is used to blend properties based on mole fraction using the following relation:
∑
MolFlow S × prop S
= streams Mixprop = S-----------------------------------------------------------------------MolFlow S ∑
(A.6)
S = streams
where: MolFlow = molar flow rate of stream S prop = property to be blended in each stream Mixprop = mixed value of the targeted property
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-7
A.3.3 Volume Blend The Volume Blend rule4 is used to blend properties based on volume fraction using the following relation:
∑
Mixprop =
VFlow S × prop S S = streams ------------------------------------------------------------------
∑
(A.7)
VFlow S
S = streams
where: VFlow = volumetric flow rate of stream S prop = property to be blended in each stream Mixprop = mixed value of the targeted property
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A-8
Petroleum Property Calculation
A.3.4 Healy Method for RON and MON The Healy Method9 blending rules for RON and MON are: RON = RON sum + 0.05411 ( ΔRONMON 1 – RON sum × ΔRONMON ) 2
2
+ 0.00098 ( Olfsum2 – Olf sum ) – 0.00074 ( Arom sum2 – Arom sum ) MON = MON sum + 0.03908 ( ΔRONMON 2 – MON sum × ΔRONMON ) 2
–7
– 7.03 × 10 ( Arom sum2 – Arom sum )
2
(A.8)
(A.9)
where:
∑ RONi × Vi
RON sum =
S
∑ MONi × Vi
MON sum =
S
∑ Olfi × Vi
Olfsum =
S
Olfsum2 =
2
∑ Olfi × Vi S
Arom sum =
∑ Aromi × Vi S
Arom sum2 =
2
∑ Aromi × Vi S
ΔRONMON =
∑ ( RONi – MONi ) × Vi S
ΔRONMON 1 =
∑ RONi ( RONi – MONi ) × Vi S
ΔRONMON 2 =
∑ MONi ( RONi – MONi ) × Vi S
VFlow i V i = -------------------------------------------VFlow S ∑ S
t
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-9
A.3.5 Component Level Calculations The following sections describe the Blend rules and equations at Component Level calculation for the assay properties in Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining.
Aniline Point The Aniline Point16,6 is calculated using the following blending rules: • • •
Mass Blend Mole Blend Volume Blend
Aromatics By Volume The Aromatics By Volume6 is calculated using Volume Blend.
Aromatics By Weight The Aromatics By Weight16 is calculated using Mass Blend.
Asphaltene Content The Asphaltene Content3 is calculated using Mass Blend.
Basic Nitrogen Content The Basic Nitrogen Content3 is calculated using Mass Blend.
C To H Ratio The C to H Ratio is calculated using Mass Blend.
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A-10
Petroleum Property Calculation
Cloud Point The mass, mole, and volume blending calculations are also available.
Cloud Point Blending6,16 is calculated using the following equations: n
( ∑ v i × CI i ) CIB i = --------------------------------1.8
CI i = ( 1.8 × C i )
1 --n
(A.10)
(A.11)
where: CIBi = Cloud Point of the blended component i CIi = Cloud Point index of individual components vi = Volume fraction of individual components Ci = Cloud Point of individual components n = default constant value of 0.55, for heavier cut point HYSYS recommends 0.6
Conradson Carbon Content The Conradson Carbon Content3 is calculated using Mass Blend.
Copper Content The Copper Content6 is calculated using Mass Blend.
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-11
Flash Point The mass, mole, and volume blending calculations are also available.
Flash Point Blending6,10,16 is calculated using the following equations: – 0.6
( ∑ v i × FIi ) FIB i = -------------------------------------1.8
FI i = ( 1.8 × F i )
– 1-----0.6
(A.12)
(A.13)
where: FIBi = Flash Point of the blended component i FIi = Flash Point index of individual components vi = Volume fraction of individual components Fi = Flash Point of individual components
Freeze Point (Temperature) The Freeze Point6,16 is calculated using the following blending methods: • • •
Mass Blend Mole Blend Volume Blend
Molecular Weight The Molecular Weight is calculated using Mass Blend.
A-11
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A-12
Petroleum Property Calculation
MON Clear The MON Clear6 is calculated using Healy Method for RON and MON.
Naphthenes By Volume The Naphthenes By Volume6 is calculated using Volume Blend.
Naphthenes By Weight The Naphthenes By Weight3,16 is calculated using Mass Blend.
Ni Content The Ni Content6 is calculated using Mass Blend.
Nitrogen Content The Nitrogen Content6 is calculated using Mass Blend.
Olefins By Volume The Olefins By Volume is calculated using Volume Blend.
Olefins By Weight The Olefins By Weight3 is calculated using Mass Blend.
Paraffins By Volume The Paraffins By Volume6 is calculated using Volume Blend.
A-12
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-13
Paraffins By Weight The Paraffins By Weight3,16 is calculated using Mass Blend.
Pour Point The mass, mole, and volume blending calculations are also available.
Pour Point Blending6,16 is calculated using the following equations: PI i = exp ( 73.0883 + 12.885 × In ( P i × 1.8 ) ) ⎛ ln ( ∑ PI i × V i ) – 73.0883⎞ exp ⎜ --------------------------------------------------------------⎟ 12.885 ⎝ ⎠ PIB i = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------1.8
(A.14)
(A.15)
where: Pi = Pour Point of individual components PIi = Pour Point index of individual components Vi = Volume fraction of individual components PIBi = Pour Point of the blended component i
Refractive Index The Refractive Index is calculated using the following blending rules: • • •
Mass Blend Mole Blend Volume Blend
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A-14
Petroleum Property Calculation
RON Clear The RON Clear6 is calculated using the Healy Method for RON and MON.
RON Leaded The RON Leaded calculated using the following blending rules: • • •
Mass Blend Mole Blend Volume Blend
Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) The mass, mole, and volume blending calculations are also available.
RVP Blending1,8,14,15 is calculated using the following equations:
( ∑ V i × RVPI i ) RVPB i = --------------------------------------0.145
RVPI i = ( RVP i × 0.145 )
0.8
1.25
(A.16)
(A.17)
where: RVPi = RVP of individual components RVPIi = RVP index of individual components Vi = Volume fraction of individual components RVPBi = RVP of the blended component i
A-14
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-15
SG (60/60F) The SG (60/60°F)7 is calculated using Volume Blend.
Smoke Point The Smoke Point2 calculated using the following blending rules: • • •
Mass Blend Mole Blend Volume Blend
Sulfur Content The Sulfur Content12 is calculated using Mass Blend.
Vanadium Content The Vanadium Content6 is calculated using Mass Blend.
Viscosity The Viscosity is calculated using an indexing method, and there are two methods available. One method uses 0.8 as the parameter constant and the second method uses 0.08 as the parameter constant.
U b = 10
U mix =
10Vmix
–c
∑ xi × log ( log [ Vi + c ] )
(A.18)
(A.19)
where: Ub = viscosity of blend Ui = viscosity of component i
A-15
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A-16
Petroleum Property Calculation
Xi = composition fraction of component i C = parameter constant
Wax Content The Wax Content6 is calculated using Mass Blend.
A.3.6 Stream Level Calculations The following sections contains the Blend rules and equations at Stream Level calculation for the assay properties in Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining.
Acetaldehyde (toxic emission) Toxic emissions from Acetaldehyde11 is calculated using the following equations: Acet B ( T 1 – B1 ) ( T2 – B2 ) ( 0.444e + 0.556e ) ToxEmi Acet = -------------6 10
(A.20)
where: T 1 = 0.0002631 ( Sulf T ) + 0.039786 ( RVP T ) – 0.012157 ( E300 T ) – 0.005525 ( Arom T ) – 0.009594 ( MTBE T ) + 0.31658 ( ETBE T ) + 0.24925 ( Ethanol T ) B 1 = 0.0002631 ( Sulf B ) + 0.039786 ( RVP B ) – 0.012157 ( E300 B ) – 0.005525 ( Arom B ) – 0.009594 ( MTBE B ) + 0.31658 ( ETBE B ) + 0.24925 ( Ethanol B ) T 2 = 0.0002627 ( Sulf T ) – 0.012157 ( E300 T ) – 0.005548 ( Arom T ) – 0.05598 ( MTBET ) + 0.3164665 ( ETBE T ) + 0.2493259 ( Ethanol T ) B 2 = 0.0002627 ( Sulf B ) – 0.012157 ( E300 B ) – 0.005548 ( Arom B ) – 0.05598 ( MTBEB ) + 0.3164665 ( ETBE B ) + 0.2493259 ( Ethanol B ) SulfT = sulfur content, range 0 to 500 A-16
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-17
AromT = aromatics content, range 0 to 50 RVP T = Reid Vapor Pressure × 0.145 MTBET =
∑ 34.7 ( Mass of componenti ) i
ETBE T =
∑ 34.7 ( Mass of componenti ) i
Ethanol T =
∑ 34.7 ( Mass of componenti ) i
AcetB = 7.25 for winter, 4.44 for summer SultB = 338.0 for winter, 339.0 for summer RVPB = 11.5 for winter, 8.7 for summer E300B = 83.0 for winter, 83.0 for summer AromB = 26.4 for winter, 32.0 for summer
Aniline Point The Aniline Point6,16 is calculated using Volume Blend. Note: AP values in HYSYS are computed in K. Because some components may be missing AP values, Σx i ≠ 1 . That means AP ( @K ) ≠ AP ( @C ) + 273.15
Aromatics By Volume The Aromatics By Volume6 is calculated using Volume Blend.
Aromatics By Weight The Aromatics By Weight16 is calculated using Mass Blend.
Asphaltene Content The Asphaltene Content3 is calculated using Mass Blend.
A-17
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A-18
Petroleum Property Calculation
Basic Nitrogen Content The Basic Nitrogen Content3 is calculated using Mass Blend.
Benzene (toxic exhaust emission) Toxic emissions from Benzene11 is calculated using the following equations:
ExBenz B ( T1 – B1 ) ( T2 – B2 ) ( 0.444e + 0.556e ) ToxEmi ExBenz = ---------------------6 10
(A.21)
where: T 1 = 0.0006197 ( Sulf T ) – 0.003376 ( E200 T ) + 0.02655 ( Arom T ) + 0.22239 ( Benz T ) B 1 = 0.0006197 ( Sulf B ) – 0.003376 ( E200 B ) + 0.02655 ( Arom B ) + 0.22239 ( Benz B ) T 2 = 0.000337 ( Sulf T ) + 0.011251 ( E300 T ) + 0.011882 ( Arom T ) + 0.222318 ( Benz T ) – 0.096047 ( OxyT ) B 2 = 0.000337 ( Sulf B ) + 0.011251 ( E300 B ) + 0.011882 ( Arom B ) + 0.222318 ( Benz B ) – 0.096047 ( Oxy B ) SulfT = sulfur content, range 0 to 500 AromT = aromatics content, range 0 to 50 Oxy T =
∑ 34.7 ( Mass of componenti ) i
Benz T =
∑ 34.7 ( Mass of componenti ) i
EXBenzB = 77.62 for winter, 53.54 for summer SulfB = 338.0 for winter, 339.0 for summer E200B = 50.0 for winter., 41.0 for summer AromB = 26.4 for winter, 32.0 for summer A-18
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-19
BenzB = 1.53 for winter, 1.64 for summer E300B = 83.0 for winter, 83.0 for summer OxyB = 0.0 for winter, 0.0 for summer
Benzene (toxic non-exhaust emission) Toxic non-exhaust emissions from Benzene11 is calculated using the following equations: ToxEmi NonExBenz = BenzE HotS + BenzE Diu + BenzE RunLos + BenzE Reful
(A.22)
where: BenzEHotS = 10 ( Benz T × VOC HotS ) × ( 1.4448 – 0.0342 [ MTBE T ] – 0.080274 [ RVP T ] ) BenzEDiu = 10 ( Benz T × VOC Diu ) × ( 1.3758 – 0.029 [ MTBE T ] – 0.080274 [ RVP T ] ) BenzERunLos = 10 ( Benz T × VOC RunLos ) × ( 1.4448 – 0.0342 [ MTBE T ] – 0.080274 [ RVP T ] ) BenzEReful = 10 ( Benz T × VOC Reful ) × ( 1.3974 – 0.0296 [ MTBE T ] – 0.081507 [ RVP T ] ) Region 1: VOC HotS = 1000 ( 0.006654 [ RVP 2 ] – 0.08009 [ RVP T ] + 0.2846 ) VOC Diu = 1000 ( 0.007385 [ RVP 2 ] – 0.08981 [ RVP T ] + 0.3158 ) VOC RunLos = 1000 ( 0.017768 [ RVP 2 ] – 0.18746 [ RVP T ] + 0.6146 ) VOC Reful = 1000 ( 0.0004767 [ RVP T ] + 0.011859 ) Region 2: VOC HotS = 1000 ( 0.006078 [ RVP 2 ] – 0.07474 [ RVP T ] + 0.27117 ) VOC Diu = 1000 ( 0.004775 [ RVP 2 ] – 0.05872 [ RVP T ] + 0.21306 )
A-19
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A-20
Petroleum Property Calculation
VOC RunLos = 1000 ( 0.016169 [ RVP 2 ] – 0.17206 [ RVP T ] + 0.56724 ) VOC Reful = 1000 ( 0.004767 [ RVP T ] + 0.011859 ) RVP T = Reid Vapor Pressure × 0.145 RVP 2 = ( RVP T ) Benz T =
2
∑ 34.7 ( Mass of componenti ) i
MTBET =
∑ 34.7 ( Mass of componenti ) i
Butadiene (toxic emission) Toxic emissions from Butadiene11 is calculated using the following equations: But B (T – B ) (T – B ) - ( 0.444e 1 1 + 0.556e 2 2 ) ToxEmi But = ----------6 10
(A.23)
where: T 1 = 0.0001552 ( Sulf T ) – 0.007253 ( E200 T ) – 0.014866 ( E300 T ) – 0.004005 ( Arom T ) + 0.028235 ( Olef T ) B 1 = 0.0001552 ( Sulf B ) – 0.007253 ( E200 B ) – 0.014866 ( E300 B ) – 0.004005 ( Arom B ) + 0.028235 ( Olef B ) T 2 = 0.043696 ( Olef T ) – 0.060771 ( OxyT ) – 0.007311 ( E200 T ) – 0.008058 ( E300 T ) – 0.004005 ( Arom T ) B 2 = 0.043696 ( Olef B ) – 0.060771 ( Oxy B ) – 0.007311 ( E200 B ) – 0.008058 ( E300 B ) – 0.004005 ( Arom B ) SulfT = sulfur content, range 0 to 500 AromT = aromatics content, range 0 to 50 OlefT = olefins content, range 0 to 25 Oxy T =
∑ 34.7 ( Mass of componenti ) i
A-20
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-21
ButB = 15.84 for winter, 9.38 for summer SulfB = 338.0 for winter, 339.0 for summer E200B = 50.0 for winter, 41.0 for summer E300B = 83.0 for winter, 83.0 for summer AromB = 26.4 for winter, 32.0 for summer OlefB = 11.9 for winter, 9.2 for summer OxyB = 0.0 for winter, 0.0 for summer
C To H Ratio The C to H Ratio is calculated using Mass Blend.
Cetane Index (D976) Cetane Index (D976)17 is calculated using the following equation: 2
CetIdx 976 = – 420.34 + 0.016 ( API ) + 0.192 ( API ) log 10 ( D86T50F ) 2
+ 65.01 ( log [ D86T50F ] ) – 0.0001809 ( D86T50F )
2
(A.24)
where: D86T50F = D86 value in F at 50% volume
Cetane Index (D4737) Cetane Index (D4737)17 is calculated using the following equation: CetIdx 4737 = 45.2 + 0.0892 ( T10Dif ) + ( 0.131 + 0.901 [ SG Corr ] ) × T50Dif + ( 0.0523 – 0.42 [ SG Corr ] ) × T90Dif 2
(A.25)
2
+ 0.00049 ( [ T10Dif ] – [ T90Dif ] ) + 107.0 ( SG Corr ) + 60.0 ( SG Corr )
2
A-21
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A-22
Petroleum Property Calculation
where: SG Corr = exp ( – 3.5 [ SG – 0.85 ] ) – 1.0 T10Dif = D86T10 - 215.0 D86T10 = D86 value in C at 10% volume T50Dif = D86T50 - 260.0 D86T50 = D86 value in C at 50% volume T90Dif = D86T90 - 310.0 D86T90 = D86 value in C at 90% volume
Cetane Number Cetane Number17 is calculated using the following equation: Cetane Number = 5.28 + 0.371 ( CetIdx 4737 ) + 0.0112 ( CetIdx 4737 )
2
(A.26)
where: CetIdx4737 = Cetane Index (4737), see Equation (A.25)
Cloud Point Cloud Point Blending6,16 uses two options: The Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Indexing Method uses the following equations: 0.55
( ∑ vi × Ci ) CIB = -----------------------------------1.8
CI = ( 1.8 × CIB )
1--------0.55
(A.27)
(A.28)
where: CIB = Blended Cloud Point index CI = Cloud Point index of stream in F A-22
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-23
vi = Volume fraction of individual components Ci = Cloud Point of individual components in K
The Crude Manager Indexing Method for Cloud Point uses the following equations: CIB = Σ ( V i exp ( 0.035 × C i ) )
(A.29)
CIB )CI = log (--------------0.035
(A.30)
There is also a backup method equation:
CIB i = 10.0
– 7.41 + 5.49 log 10 ( BP i ) – 0.712 ( BP i )
0.315
– 0.133 ( SG i )
(A.31)
where: BP = average boiling point (° R) SG = specific gravity
Conradson Carbon Content The Conradson Carbon Content3 is calculated using Mass Blend.
Copper Content The Copper Content6 is calculated using Mass Blend.
DON (Clear) DON is calculated at the Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining stream level using the following formula:
RON + MONDON ( Clear ) = -------------------------------2
(A.32)
A-23
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A-24
Petroleum Property Calculation
Driveability Index The driveability index is calculated at the Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining stream level using the following formula:
DI = 1.5 × TBP10F + 3.0 × TBP50F + TBP90F
(A.33)
where: DI = Driveability Index TBP10 = 10 vol % TBP F TBP50 = 50 vol % TBP F TBP90 = 90 vol % TBP F
Flash Point Flash Point Blending6,10,16 is calculated using the following methods: Flash Point: Indexing Method: – 0.6
FIB =
∑ ( v i × FIi ) ---------------------------------------
(A.34)
1.8
FI = ( 1.8 × F i )
–1 ------0.6
(A.35)
where: FIB = Blended Flash Point FIi = Flash Point of component i in K vi = Volume fraction of component i FI = Flash Point of stream in K
A-24
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-25
Flash Point: API2B7.1 Method 1 FP = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2.84947 – 0.024209 + ------------------------------ + 3.4254e-3 × log ( d86temp10 ) D86temp10
(A.36)
where: FP = Flash point in K D86temp10 = 10 vol% D86 temperature in K
This is also a back up method for calculating the flash point when the indexing method fails (due to not having the Flash point of individual components). Flash Point: Riazi Cuts Method This method calculates the Flash point of individual component by following equation
1 FP i = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2.84947 – 0.024209 + ------------------- + 3.4254e-3 × log ( NBP i ) NBP i
(A.37)
where: NBPi = Normal boiling point of component i in K FPi = Flash point of component i in K
It then blends the flash point of individual components using the Wickey18 method. – 6.1188 + 2414.0 Flash Point Index = ⎛⎝ pow ⎛⎝ 10.0, ⎛⎝ -------------------------------------------⎞⎠ ⎞⎠ FP i + 230.56
(A.38)
2414.0 FP = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- – 230.56 ( 6.1188 + log 10 ( FlashPointIndex ) )
(A.39)
A-25
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A-26
Petroleum Property Calculation
where: FP = Flash point of stream in K
Flash Point: Linear D86 Based Method The Linear D86 based method uses a simple correlation:
FP = param1 + param2 × D86_IBP + param3 × D86_5
(A.40)
where: D86_IBP = D86 IBP in C, D86_5 = 5 vol % D86 in C FP = Flash point of stream in C
Param1, param2, param3 and D86 IBP can be specified from the correlation manager.
Freeze Point (Temperature) Freeze Point temperature6,16 is calculated using the following methods: Freeze Point: Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Indexing Method 1 --3
FP = ( Vf max ) × ( F max – F min ) + F max
(A.41)
where: Fmax = maximum freeze point of all components in K Fmin = minimum freeze point of all components in K Vfmax = maximum volume fraction among all components
A-26
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-27
Freeze Point: CrudeManager Indexing Method
FIB i = exp ( 2.35 + 0.03638 × FI i )
(A.42)
FI = ( Ln ( FIB ) – 2.35 ) ⁄ 0.03638 where: FIi = Freeze Point of component i in F FIBi = Freeze Point Index for component i FI = Freeze Point of stream in F
Formaldehyde (toxic emission) Toxic emissions from Formaldehyde11 is calculated using the following equations: Form B (T – B ) (T – B ) - ( 0.444e 1 1 + 0.556e 2 2 ) ToxEmi Form = ---------------6 10
(A.43)
where: T 1 = – 0.010226 ( E300 T ) – 0.007166 ( Arom T ) + 0.0462131 ( MTBE T ) B 1 = – 0.010226 ( E300 B ) – 0.007166 ( Arom B ) + 0.0462131 ( MTBE B ) T 2 = – 0.10226 ( E300 T ) – 0.007166 ( Arom T ) + 0.0462131 ( MTBE T ) – 0.031352 ( Olef T ) B 2 = – 0.10226 ( E300 B ) – 0.007166 ( Arom B ) + 0.0462131 ( MTBE B ) – 0.031352 ( Olef B ) AromT = aromatics content, range 0 to 50 OlefT = olefins content, range 0 to 25 MTBET =
∑ 34.7 ( Mass of componenti ) i
FormB = 15.34 for winter, 9.7 for summer
A-27
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A-28
Petroleum Property Calculation
E300B = 83.0 for winter, 83.0 for summer AromB = 26.4 for winter, 32.0 for summer OlefB = 11.9 for winter, 9.2 for summer
Luminometer Number The Luminometer Number is calculated using the following formula: L = – 12.03 + 3.009 ( Smoke ) – 0.0104 ( Smoke )
2
(A.44)
where: L = The Luminometer Number Smoke = the smoke point in mm.
Molecular Weight The Molecular Weight is calculated using Mass Blend.
MON Clear The MON Clear is calculated using Volume Blend.
Naphthenes By Volume The Naphthenes By Volume6 is calculated using Volume Blend.
Naphthenes By Weight The Naphthenes By Weight6,16 is calculated using Mass Blend.
Ni Content The Ni Content6 is calculated using Mass Blend. A-28
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-29
Nitrogen Content The Nitrogen Content6 is calculated using Mass Blend.
NOx (emission) Emissions from NOx11 is calculated using the following equations: NOx B ( T1 – B1 ) ( T2 – B2 ) NOx = -------------( 0.738e + 0.262e ) 6 10
(A.45)
where: T 1 = 0.0018571 ( Oxy T ) + 0.0006921 ( Sulf T ) + 0.0090744 ( RVP T ) + 0.000931 ( E200 T ) + 0.00846 ( E300 T ) + 0.0083632 ( Arom T ) –7
2
– 0.002774 ( Olef T ) – 6.63 × 10 ( Sulf T ) – 0.000119 ( Arom T ) + 0.0003665 ( Olef T )
2
2
B 1 = 0.0018571 ( Oxy B ) + 0.0006921 ( Sulf B ) + 0.0090744 ( RVP B ) + 0.000931 ( E200 B ) + 0.00846 ( E300 B ) + 0.0083632 ( Arom B ) –7
2
– 0.002774 ( Olef B ) – 6.63 × 10 ( Sulf B ) – 0.000119 ( Arom B ) + 0.0003665 ( Olef B )
2
2
T 2 = 0.000252 ( Sulf T ) – 0.00913 ( Oxy T ) – 0.01397 ( RVP T ) + 0.000931 ( E200 T ) – 0.00401 ( E300 T ) + 0.007097 ( Arom T ) –5
2
– 0.00276 ( Olef T ) – 7.995 × 10 ( Arom T ) + 0.0003665 ( Olef T )
2
B 2 = 0.000252 ( Sulf B ) – 0.00913 ( Oxy B ) – 0.01397 ( RVP B ) + 0.000931 ( E200 B ) – 0.00401 ( E300 B ) + 0.007097 ( Arom B ) –5
2
– 0.00276 ( Olef B ) – 7.995 × 10 ( Arom B ) + 0.0003665 ( Olef B )
2
SulfT = Sulphur content, range 0 to 500 AromT = Aromatics content, range 0 to 50 OlefT = Olefins content, range 0 to 25
A-29
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A-30
Petroleum Property Calculation
OxyT = Oxy mod × mass component × 100 (For ethanol Oxymod = 0.347, MTBE Oxymod = 0.187, ETBE Oxymod = 0.157, and TAME Oxymod = 0.157) RVPT = 8.7 for winter, RVP × 0.145 for summer If you do not specify a Reid Vapor Pressure value, Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining automatically use 8.7 (the Winter value). NOxB = 1540.0 for winter, 1340.0 for summer RVPB = 8.7 OxyB = 0.0 SulfB = 338.0 for winter, 339.0 for summer E200B = 50.0 for winter, 41.0 for summer E300B = 83.0 AromB = 26.4 for winter, 32.0 for summer OlefB = 11.9 for winter, 9.2 for summer
Olefins By Volume The Olefins By Volume is calculated using Volume Blend.
Olefins By Weight The Olefins By Weight3 is calculated using Mass Blend.
Paraffins By Volume The Paraffins By Volume6 is calculated using Volume Blend.
Paraffins By Weight The Paraffins By Weight3,16 is calculated using Mass Blend.
A-30
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-31
Polycyclic (toxic emission) Toxic emissions from Polycyclic11 is calculated using the following equations: Poly B T –B T –B - ( 0.444e 1 1 + 0.556e 2 2 ) ToxEmi Poly = -------------6 10
(A.46)
where: T 1 = 0.0005219 ( Sulf T ) – 0.0003641 ( Oxy T ) + 0.0289749 ( RVP T ) 2
+ 0.01447 ( E200 T ) + 0.0001072 ( E200 T ) – 0.068624 ( E300 T ) 2
+ 0.0004087 ( E300 T ) + 0.0323712 ( Arom T ) – 0.002858 ( Olef T ) – 0.0003481 ( Arom T × E300 T ) B 1 = 0.0005219 ( Sulf B ) – 0.0003641 ( Oxy B ) + 0.0289749 ( RVP B ) 2
– 0.01447 ( E200 B ) + 0.0001072 ( E200 B ) – 0.068624 ( E300 B ) 2
+ 0.0004087 ( E300 B ) + 0.0323712 ( Arom B ) – 0.002858 ( Olef B ) – 0.0003481 ( Arom B × E300 B ) T 2 = 0.043295 ( RVP T ) – 0.003626 ( Oxy T ) – 0.000054 ( Sulf T ) – 0.013504 ( E200 T ) – 0.062327 ( E300 T ) + 0.0282042 ( Arom T ) 2
– 0.002858 ( Olef T ) + 0.000106 ( E200 T ) + 0.000408 ( E300 T )
2
– 0.000287 ( Arom T × E300 T ) B 2 = 0.043295 ( RVP B ) – 0.003626 ( Oxy B ) – 0.000054 ( Sulf B ) – 0.013504 ( E200 B ) – 0.062327 ( E300 B ) + 0.0282042 ( Arom B ) 2
– 0.002858 ( Olef B ) + 0.000106 ( E200 B ) + 0.000408 ( E300 B )
2
– 0.000287 ( Arom B × E300 B ) SulfT = sulfur content, range 0 to 500 AromT = aromatics content, range 0 to 50 OlefT = olefins content, range 0 to 25 OxyT =
∑ 34.7 ( Mass of componenti ) i
RVP T = Reid Vapor Pressure × 0.145
A-31
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A-32
Petroleum Property Calculation
PolyB = 4.5 for winter, 3.04 for summer SulfB = 338.0 for winter, 339.0 for summer RVPB = 11.5 for winter, 8.7 for summer E200B = 50.0 for winter, 41.0 for summer E300B = 83.0 AromB = 26.4 for winter, 32.0 for summer OlefB = 11.9 for winter, 9.2 for summer OxyB = 0.0
Pour Point The Pour Point6,16 of a stream may be calculated using either of two methods: Method 1 (Default)
PPidx = Σ ( Vol i × ( exp ( 73.0883 + 12.885 × log ( PP i × 1.8 ) ) ) PPidx – 73.0883⎞ ⎛ log ------------------------------------------------⎝ ⎠ 12.885 PP = exp ------------------------------------------------------1.8
(A.47)
(A.48)
where: PPidx = Pour Point index Voli = Volume Fraction of component i PPi = Pour point of component i in K PP = Pour point of component i in K
Method 2.
PPidx = Vol i × exp ( PP i × 0.03 )
(A.49)
( PPidx )PP = log ---------------------------0.03
(A.50)
A-32
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-33
where: PPi = Pour Point of component i in F Voli = Volume Fraction of component i PPidx = Pour point index PP = Pour point of stream in F
Refractive Index The Refractive Index13 is calculated using Volume Blend
Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) For Flash at 37.5°C, RVP is assumed to be the saturation pressure.
RVP Blending1,3,8,14,15 is calculated using the following equations: pow ( ∑ V i × RVP i ,0.8 ) RVPB = --------------------------------------------------------0.145
(A.51)
RVPI i = pow ( [ RVP i × 0.145 ] ,1.25 )
(A.52)
where: RVPi = RVP of individual components in kPa RVPIi = RVP index of individual components in kPa Vi = Volume fraction of individual components RVPBi = RVP of the blended component i
As a backup, RVP calculations reference the API 5B1.1 method
A-33
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A-34
Petroleum Property Calculation
RON Clear The RON Clear6 may be calculated using the following methods: RON Clear: Indexing Method RON - Index (RONidxi) is calculated from following equation: RONidx i = a + b ( RON iC )
(A.53)
The values of parameters a, b and c are dependent upon the value of RONi. RONidx blends by volume and the RON of the blend are calculated using the following reverse formula:
RON = exp (d,Log ( RONidx – e ) ÷ f)
(A.54)
The values of parameters d, e and f are dependent upon the value of RONidx. where: RONi = RON of component i RONidxi = RON Index for component i RON = RON of blend RONidx = RON Index for blend a, b, c, d, e and f = Parameters
RON Clear: see Volume Blend RON Clear: see Healy Method for RON and MON.
RON Leaded The RON Leaded is calculated using Volume Blend.
A-34
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-35
SG (60/60F) The SG (60/60°F)7 is calculated using Volume Blend.
Smoke Point The Smoke Point2 is calculated using the following blend index:i 1 SPidx = Σ ⎛ Vol i × ⎛ -------- ⎞ ⎞ ⎝ ⎝ SP i ⎠ ⎠
(A.55)
1 SP = -------------SPidx
(A.56)
where: SPi =Smoke Point of Component i Voli =Liquid Volume Fraction of Component i SPidx = Smoke Point Index of Stream SP = Smoke Point of Stream
Standard Liquid Density Standard Liquid Density is calculated using following equation:
moleFrac i × MW i SLD = Σ ( moleFrac i × MW i ) ÷ Σ ⎛ ---------------------------------------------⎞ ⎝ ⎠ Den i
(A.57)
where: moleFraci = Mole Fraction of component i A-35
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Petroleum Property Calculation
MWi = Molecular Weight of component i Deni = Density of component i in kg/m3 SLD = Standard liquid density of stream in kg/m3
Sulfur Content Sulfur Content12 is calculated using Mass Blend.
Total Toxic Emission Total toxic emission11 is calculated using the following equation: ToxEmi Total = ToxEmi NonExBenz + ToxEmi Poly + ToxEmi But + ToxEmi Acet + ToxEmi Form + ToxEmi ExBenz
(A.58)
where: ToxEmiNonExBenz = toxic emission from non-exhaust Benzene, see Equation (A.22) ToxEmiPoly = toxic emission from Polycyclic, see Equation (A.46) ToxEmiBut = toxic emission from Butadiene, see Equation (A.23) ToxEmiAcet = toxic emission from Acetaldehyde, see Equation (A.20) ToxEmiForm = toxic emission from Formaldehyde, see Equation (A.43) ToxEmiExBenz = toxic emission from exhaust Benzene, see Equation (A.21)
Vanadium Content Vanadium Content6 is calculated using Mass Blend.
A-36
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-37
Viscosity Viscosity is calculated using standard HYSYS methods. (See The Aspen HySYS Simulation Basis Reference Guide)
VOC (exhaust) Exhaust from VOC11 is calculated using the following equations: ExVOC B ( T 1 – B1 ) ( T 2 – B2 ) ( 0.444e + 0.556e ) ExVOC = ---------------------6 10
(A.59)
where: T 1 = 0.0005219 ( Sulf T ) – 0.0003641 ( Oxy T ) + 0.0289749 ( RVP T ) 2
+ 0.01447 ( E200 T ) + 0.0001072 ( E200 T ) – 0.068624 ( E300 T ) 2
+ 0.0004087 ( E300 T ) + 0.0323712 ( Arom T ) – 0.002858 ( Olef T ) – 0.0003481 ( Arom T × E300 T ) B 1 = 0.0005219 ( Sulf B ) – 0.0003641 ( Oxy B ) + 0.0289749 ( RVP B ) 2
– 0.01447 ( E200 B ) + 0.0001072 ( E200 B ) – 0.068624 ( E300 B ) 2
+ 0.0004087 ( E300 B ) + 0.0323712 ( Arom B ) – 0.002858 ( Olef B ) – 0.0003481 ( Arom B × E300 B ) T 2 = 0.043295 ( RVP T ) – 0.003626 ( Oxy T ) – 0.000054 ( Sulf T ) – 0.013504 ( E200 T ) – 0.062327 ( E300 T ) + 0.0282042 ( Arom T ) 2
– 0.002858 ( Olef T ) + 0.000106 ( E200 T ) + 0.000408 ( E300 T )
2
– 0.000287 ( Arom T × E300 T ) B 2 = 0.043295 ( RVP B ) – 0.003626 ( Oxy B ) – 0.000054 ( Sulf b ) – 0.013504 ( E200 B ) – 0.062327 ( E300 B ) + 0.0282042 ( Arom B ) 2
– 0.002858 ( Olef B ) + 0.000106 ( E200 B ) + 0.000408 ( E300 B )
2
– 0.000287 ( Arom B × E300 B ) SulfT = Sulphur content, range 0 to 500 AromT = Aromatics content, range 0 to 50 OlefT = Olefins content, range 0 to 25
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A-38
Petroleum Property Calculation
OxyT = Oxy mod × mass component × 100 (For ethanol Oxymod = 0.347, MTBE Oxymod = 0.187, ETBE Oxymod = 0.157, and TAME Oxymod = 0.157) E200 T ≤ 65.52 E300 T ≤ 79.75 + 0.385 ( Arom T ) RVPT = 8.7 for winter, RVP × 0.145 for summer If you do not specify a Reid Vapor Pressure value, Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining automatically use 8.7 (the Winter value). ExVOCB = 1341.0 for winter, 907.0 for summer RVPB = 8.7 OxyB = 0.0 SulfB = 338.0 for winter, 339.0 for summer E200B = 50.0 for winter, 41.0 for summer E300B = 83.0 AromB = 26.4 for winter, 32.0 for summer OlefB = 11.9 for winter, 9.2 for summer
VOC (total non-exhaust) Total non-exhaust from VOC11 is calculated using the following equations:
NonExVOC total = VOC HotS + VOC Diu + VOC RunLos + VOC Reful
(A.60)
where: RVP T = Reid Vapor Pressure × 0.145 RVP 2 = ( RVP T )
2
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-39
Region 1: 0.031807 ( RVP 2 ) – 0.3568833 ( RVP T ) + 1.226859 NonExVOC total = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1000 [ 0.006654 ( RVP 2 ) – 0.08009 ( RVP T ) + 0.2846 ] VOC HotS = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1000 [ 0.007385 ( RVP 2 ) – 0.08981 ( RVP T ) + 0.3158 ] VOC Diu = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1000 [ 0.017768 ( RVP2 ) – 0.18746 ( RVP T ) + 0.6146 ] VOC RunLos = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1000 [ 0.0004767 ( RVP T ) + 0.011859 ] VOC Reful = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------1000 Region 2: 0.027022 ( RVP 2 ) – 0.300753 ( RVP T ) + 1.063329 NonExVOC total = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1000 [ 0.006078 ( RVP 2 ) – 0.07474 ( RVP T ) + 0.27117 ] VOC HotS = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1000 [ 0.004775 ( RVP 2 ) – 0.05872 ( RVP T ) + 0.21306 ] VOC Diu = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1000 [ 0.016169 ( RVP2 ) – 0.17206 ( RVP T ) + 0.56724 ] VOC RunLos = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1000 [ 0.004767 ( RVP T ) + 0.011859 ] VOC Reful = --------------------------------------------------------------------------1000
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Comma Separated Value Files
VOC (total) Total VOC11 is calculated using the following equations: VOC total = ExVOC + NonExVOC total (for Summer)
(A.61)
= ExVOC (for Winter)
Wax Content The Wax Content6 is calculated using Mass Blend.
A.4 Comma Separated Value Files Comma Separated Values (CSV) files are simple structured data files. The files contain a table of components, and the component’s molecular weight, normal boiling point, specific gravity, and petroleum properties. The data in the file can be accessed through Microsoft Excel application. Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining uses CSV files to contain petroleum properties of individual assays.
A.4.1 Format of CSV Files For Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining to properly read and interpret the data in a CSV file, there are some simple format rules that need to be followed. These include the correct format, precise spelling of component names, and the required units for the properties. The following describes the general layout of a .csv file for an assay: The first three lines of csv assay file contain name and date information related to the file. For example:
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Name,Assay-4 Created,19/07/2007 10:59:07 Modified,19/07/2007 11:00:03
The fourth row defines the table heading. The first column has the heading Cpt (Component), followed by the property names listed in sequence, separated by commas. The remaining rows contain the corresponding component names and property values in sequence, separated by commas: Methane,n1,n2,n3,n4,etc,etc.
The correct case and spelling of the properties are required for Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining to properly import the assay values. Any change in spelling results in Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining reading the in properties as user properties, and the property values will be displayed in the UserProp column, instead of in the correct property name column. Below are the proper designations for Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining properties: Acidity, Aniline Point, Aromatics By Volume, Aromatics By Weight, Asphaltene Content, Basic Nitrogen Content, Boiling Temperature, C to H Ratio, C5 Mass, C5 Vol, Cloud Point, Conradson Carbon Content, Copper Content, Copper/Iron Content, Flash Point, Freeze Point, Mercaptan Sulfur Content, Molecular Weight, MON (Clear), MON (Leaded), Naphthenes By Volume, Naphthenes By Weight, Nickel Content, Nitrogen Content, Olefins By Volume, Olefins By Weight, Paraffins By Volume, Paraffins By Weight, Pour Point, Refractive Index, Reid Vapour Pressure, RON (Clear), RON (Leaded), Smoke Point, Sodium Content, Standard Liquid Density, Sulfur Content, True Vapour Pressure, Vanadium Content, Wax Content, Viscosity @ 50C, Benzene Content By Volume, Benzene Content By Weight, Toluene Content By Weight, Toluene Content By Volume, Isoparaffin By Weight and Isoparaffin By Volume.
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Comma Separated Value Files
Property Units in CSV Files The table below displays some of the properties in the Comma Separated Valued (CSV) file and their corresponding units: Property
Unit
Acidity
Wt/Wt
Aniline Point
Kelvin
Aromatics by Volume
Vol %
Aromatics by Weight
Weight %
Asphaltene Content
Weight %
Boiling Temperature
Kelvin
C to H Ratio
No Units
Centroid Boiling Temperature
Kelvin
Cloud Point
Kelvin
Composition
Mole Fraction
Conradson Carbon Content
Weight %
Copper Content
ppmWt
Copper/Iron Content
ppmWt
Flash Point
Kelvin
Freeze Point
Kelvin
Iron Content
ppmWt
IsoParaffins by Volume
Volume %
Luminometer Number
No Units
Mercaptan Sulfur Content
Weight %
Molecular Weight
No Units
MON (Clear)
No Units. Octane Number
MON (Leaded)
No Units
Naphthenes by Volume
Volume %
Naphthenes by Weight
Weight %
Nickel Content
ppmWt
Nitrogen Content
ppmWt
Olefins by Volume
Volume %
Olefins by Weight
Weight %
Paraffins by Volume
Volume %
Paraffins by Weight
Weight %
Pour Point
Kelvin
Refractive Index
No Units
Reid Vapor Pressure
Kilo Pascal (kPa)
RON (Clear)
No Units
RON (Leaded)
No Units A-42
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-43
Property
Unit
Smoke Point
Millimeters
Sodium Content
Weight %
Standard Liquid Density
Kg/m3
Sulfur Content
Weight %
True Vapor Pressure
Kilo Pascal (kPa)
Vanadium Content
ppmWt
Viscosity @ 100°C
CentiStokes (cSt)
Viscosity @ 50°C
CentiStokes (cSt)
Wax Content
Weight %
You must use the correct/required units while specifying the property values in the CSV file for Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining to interpret the values correctly.
Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining imports the following information from the CSV file: • •
•
List of components. Three critical physical properties: molecular weight, centroid boiling point, and specific gravity. The rest of the physical properties are calculated based on the three critical properties. All petroleum properties.
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Petroleum Assay XML Files
A.5 Petroleum Assay XML Files The following figure displays the structure of an XML file containing petroleum assay data. Figure A.2
The XML file can contain the exact same information as the CSV file. The XML file contains the name of the petroleum assay, description, created date, last modified date, a list of components available, and the molecular weight, normal boiling point, specific gravity, and petroleum properties of each component. Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining imports the following information from the XML file: •
List of components.
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•
•
Three critical physical properties: molecular weight, centroid boiling point, and specific gravity. The rest of the physical properties are calculated based on the three critical properties. All petroleum properties.
If the petroleum assay data file contains petroleum properties outside Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining petroleum property list, Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining imports the data from the non-default petroleum properties and designate the non-default petroleum properties as UserProp-n, where n is an integer value. If the petroleum assay data file does not have values for a petroleum property, Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining leaves the petroleum property blank.
The difference is the data provided by the XML file is stored into branches of a tree browser. There are four levels or branches in a typical petroleum assay XML file. • • • •
File version File type Crude and component information Individual component properties
The information in the XML file is presented in three colors: • Blue indicates the code used by the XML. • Red indicates the displayed variables. • Black indicates the value that can be modified.
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A-46
Petroleum Assay XML Files
A.5.1 File Versions The first level branch of the petroleum assay XML file displays the file version, as shown in the figure below. Figure A.3
You have to click the Plus icon to expand the Version branch to view the second level branch.
A.5.2 File Types The second level branch of the petroleum assay XML file displays the file type, that indicates whether the file was created, exported, imported, and so on. Figure A.4
You have to click the Plus icon view the third level branch.
to expand the Type branch to
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A.5.3 Crude and Component Information The third level branch of the petroleum assay XML file displays the following: • • • • •
Name of the petroleum assay Description of the petroleum assay Date of when the petroleum assay was created Date of when the petroleum assay was last modified List of components in the petroleum assay
Figure A.5
You have to click the Plus icon to expand the Crude and Component branch to view the information in each branch. In the Component branch, each individual component has a Y or N value for the active state.
• •
The Y indicates the component is being used in the petroleum assay. The N indicates the component is not being used in the petroleum assay.
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A-48
Petroleum Assay XML Files
In the Component branch, the list of components are split into two types: •
•
Library components. These are the standard and default components provided by Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining. Each library component branch contains the name of the component and indicator on active state. Hypothetical components. These are the non-standard crude oil components. Each hypothetical component branch contains the name of the component, indicator on active state, indicator on the component type (in other words, is it a hypocomponent? Yes or No), final boiling point temperature (in Kelvin), and initial boiling point temperature.
A.5.4 Individual Component Information The forth level branch displays all the physical and petroleum properties of each individual component. Figure A.6
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You have to click the Plus icon to expand the Individual Component branch to view the property information in each branch. Each Property branch contains the name of the property and the property may or may not have a value. You can specify or modify the value of a property by clicking in between the two quotation marks and typing in the new value.
A.6 PET Files The HYSYS petroleum assay file (*.pet) contains the same information as the CSV or XML file, in addition the *.pet file also contains information about the fluid packages, reactions, and component maps associated to the petroleum assay. In other words, the .pet file contains all the information located in the Simulation Basis Manager view. Figure A.7
Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining imports all the following information from the PET file: • •
List of components. Three critical physical properties: molecular weight, centroid boiling point, and specific gravity. The rest of the physical properties are calculated based on the three critical properties. A-49
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A-50
PET Files
•
All petroleum properties.
HYSYS User Property Aliases for Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining When you import a HYSYS assay into Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining, the user properties defined in the HYSYS oil environment should be transferred to their corresponding Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining properties. However, because HYSYS names are limited to 12 characters, they will frequently not match their corresponding Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining names, which may be longer. As a workaround for this, Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining is set up to recognize certain under-12 character property names from HYSYS, and to pass their values to the correct Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining property names. After the HYSYS assay import, you should rename the HYSYS user properties using the aliases shown below, so their values will be applied to their associated Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining properties. The table lists the Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining user property names on the left, and the associated aliases on the right. When the HYSYS user property is renamed using the alias, and the assay is recalculated, the imported HYSYS properties are applied to the correct Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining property names. Target Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Property
Use this HYSYS Alias
Acidity
Acidity W
Aniline Point
Aniline Pt
Assay - Aromatics Vol Pct
Aromatics V
Assay - Aromatics Wt Pct
Aromatics W
Asphaltene Content
Asphaltene
Basic Nitrogen Content
Basic N2
C to H Ratio
C/H Ratio
Cloud Point
Cloud Pt
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Target Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Property
Use this HYSYS Alias
Conradson Carbon Content
Conradson C
Copper Content
Copper
Cetane Number
Cetane No
Flash Point
Flash Pt
Freeze Point
Freeze Pt
MON (Clear)
MON-Clear
MON (Leaded)
MON-Leaded
Assay - Naphthenes Vol Pct
Naphthene V
Assay - Naphthenes Wt Pct
Naphthene W
Nickel Content
Nickel
Nitrogen Content
Nitrogen
Assay - Olefins Vol Pct
Olefins V
Assay - Olefins Wt Pct
Olefins W
Assay - Paraffins Vol Pct
Paraffins V
Assay - Paraffins Wt Pct
Paraffins W
Pour Point
Pour Pt
Refractive Index
Ref Idx
Reid Vapour Pressure
RVP
RON (Clear)
RON-Clear
RON (Leaded)
RON-Leaded
Smoke Point
Smoke Point
Sulfur Content
Sulfur
Mercaptan Sulfur Content
Mercaptan S
Sodium Content
Na
True Vapour Pressure
TVP
Vanadium Content
Vanadium
Iron Content
Iron
Luminometer Number
Lumino No
C5 Mass
C5 W
C5 Vol
C5 V
Viscosity @ 38C
Visc @ 38C
Viscosity @ 50C
Visc @ 50C
Viscosity @ 60C
Visc @ 60C
Viscosity @ 100C
Visc @ 100C
Wax Content
Wax
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Spiral Files
A.7 Spiral Files The Spiral file contains the exact same information as the CSV and XML file. The only difference is that the format and layout of the information is structured so the information can be read by the Crude Manager software. Refer to the Crude Manager help system for more information. Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining imports the following information from the Spiral file: • •
•
List of components. Three critical physical properties: molecular weight, centroid boiling point, and specific gravity. The rest of the physical properties are calculated based on the three critical properties. All petroleum properties.
A.8 References 1
“31.0 API Iranian Heavy Crude Oil”, Chevron Oil Trading Company, 1971.
2
Albahri, T.A., Riazi, M.R., and Algattan, A.A., 2003, “Analysis of Quality of Petroleum Fuels”, Energy & Fuels, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 689-693.
3
Aspen Physical Property System 12.1 Physical Property Data, AspenTech Support, Aspen Technology Inc., viewed: 21 April 2006, http://support.aspentech.com/CustomerSupport/Documents/ Engineering/AES%2012.1%20Product%20Documentation/ AprSystem%2012.1/ APRSYS%20121%20Physical%20Property%20Data.pdf
4
Auckland, M.H.T., and Charnock, D.J., “The Development of Linear Blending Indices for Petroleum Properties”, J. Institute Petroleum, Vol. 55, No. 545 (September 1969), pp. 322-329.
5
Baird, Cud Thomas IV, 1989, Guide to Petroleum Product Blending, HPI Consultants Inc., Texas.
6
Crude Name: Sample Assay PTI Assay IF: SMP.01.2002, 2003, Specializing In Crude Assay Information, PetroTech intel, viewed: 21 April 2006, http://www.petrotechintel.com/pti.data/ components/std_assay.pdf
A-52
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Petroleum Methods & Correlations A-53
7
DIADEM 2004, version 2.3.0, DIPPR Information and Data Evaluation Manager for the Design Institute for Physical Properties, BYU DIPPR Lab, e-mail:
[email protected].
8
Fasullo, P.A., “Rvp Reductions Would Harm U.S. Gas-Processing Industry”, Oil Gas Journal, Vol. 86, No. 5 (February 1, 1988), pp. 51-56.
9
Healy, W.C., Maassen, C.W., and Peterson, R.T., “A New Approach to Blending Octanes”. API Midyear Meeting, Division of Refining, New York (May 27, 1959).
10
Hu, J., and Burns, A.B., “New Method Predicts Cloud, Pour, Flash Points of Distillate Blends”, Hydrocarbon Processing, Vol. 49, No. 11 (November 1970), pp. 213-216.
11Regulation
of Fuels and Fuel Additives, 2001 CFR Title 29, Volume 8, National Archives and Records Administration, Code of Federal Regulations,viewed: 21 April 2006, http://www.access.gpo.gov/ nara/cfr/waisidx_01/40cfr80_o1.html
12
Riazi, M.R., Nasimi, N., and Roomi, Y.A., 1999, “Estimation of Sulfur Content of Petroleum Products and Crude Oils”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 4507-4512
13Riazi,
Mohammad R., and Roomi, Yousef A., 2001, “Use of Refractive Index in the Estimation of Thermophysical Properties of Hydrocarbons and Petroleum Mixtures:, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 1975-1984
14Stewart,
W.E., “More About Figuring RVP of Blends”, Petroleum Refiner, Vol. 40, No. 10 (October 1960), p. 109.
15
Stewart, W. E., “Predict RVP of Blends Accurately”, Petroleum Refiner, Vol. 38, No. 6 (June 1959), p. 231.
16
Strategic Petroleum Reserve Crude Oil Assay Manual, 2nd ed., Strategic Petroleum Reserve Crude Oil Assays, U.S. Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy Strategic Petroleum Reserve Headquarters, viewed: 21 April 2006, http:// www.spr.doe.gov/reports/docs/crudeoilassaymanual.pdf
17
Technical Data Book: Petroleum Refining, American Petroleum Institute, Vol 1 - III, May 1985.
18
R.O.Wickey, D.H. Chittenden, Hydrocarbon Processing, 42, 6, 1963, 157-158.
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References
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Index A assay curves 6-47 Assay Manipulator 3-2 add 3-3 assay tab 3-6 change props page 3-7 composition page 3-9 connections page 3-4 create 3-3 design tab 3-4 notes page 3-5 options page 3-6 parameters page 3-5 property view 3-3 shift props page 3-8 user variables page 3-5 worksheet tab 3-10 B Blend centroid boiling point A-3 heat of formation A-4 liquid density A-4 molecular weight A-3 physical properties A-2 specific gravity A-4 Blending Macros 2-18 Blending Rules 2-6 user define 2-17 Blends Healy method A-8 mass A-6 mole A-6 MON A-8 RON A-8 volume A-7 C Calibration advanced options 4-102 catalyst 4-98 catalyst results 4-118 catalyst weight 4-104 coke laydown 4-104 configure reactor 4-92 control variables 4-107 data set 4-87 design reactor 4-91
feed blend results 4-115 feed condition 4-96 feed data 4-94 feed properties 4-95 feed type 4-94 heater temperatures 4-106 initial parameter value 4-107 manage data set 4-87, 4-91 objective function 4-108 operation measurement 4-103 operation variables 4-95 overall results 4-121 parameter 4-107 pinning percent 4-104 product property results 4-110 product yield results 4-116 property view 4-86 reactor control 4-97 reactor geometry 4-93 reactor pressure 4-105 reactor results 4-117 recontactor 4-98 recontactor results 4-119 results 4-109 run 4-87 select data set 4-88 sigma values 4-108 solver commands 4-102 solver console 4-102 solver options 4-101 solver scripts 4-102 summary results 4-120 validation wizard 4-89 Calibration Set Library add set 4-82, 5-64 clone set 4-82, 5-64 delete set 4-82, 5-64 edit set 4-81, 5-63 export set 4-82, 5-64 import set 4-82, 5-64 property view 4-81, 5-63 Catalytic Reformer 4-3 add 4-19 advanced options 4-43 calibration 4-23, 4-86 calibration environment 4-23 calibration factor set 4-81 calibration factors page 4-31 calibration run 4-23, 4-87
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I-1
I-2
catalyst 4-36 catalyst activity model 4-13 catalyst results 4-54 catalytic reformer environment 4-21 coke make model 4-11 components 4-6 configure reactor 4-59 connections page 4-30 create 4-19 deactivate catalyst 4-9 delete 4-20 design 4-30 environments 4-16 export calibration factors to file 4-111 factor set 4-82 feed 4-33 feed blend results 4-48 feed characterization 4-4 feed type library 4-56 feed type property view 4-80 fractionator 4-44 fractionator specs 4-45 main environment 4-17 modify calibration factor set 4-112 notes page 4-32 product property results 4-52 product yield results 4-49 property view 4-29 push calibration factors to simulation 4111 reaction expressions 4-9 reaction paths 4-7 reactor control 4-34 reactor design 4-59 reactor feed 4-61 reactor feed condition 4-65 reactor feed properties 4-63 reactor feed type 4-62 reactor geometry 4-60 reactor operation 4-64 reactor results 4-53 reactor section 4-33, 4-58 reactor temperature control 4-15 recontactor 4-38 recontactor results 4-54 reformer configuration wizard 4-24 results 4-47 solve commands 4-42 solver console 4-42
solver options 4-40 solver scripts 4-42 summary results 4-47 system pressure control 4-14 template 4-18 theory 4-6 zone pressure 4-45 Characterized GC Data Results property view 2-40 Comma Separated Value File See CSV File component level Aniline Point A-9 aromatics A-9 asphaltene A-9 basic nitrogen A-9 C to H ratio A-9 Cloud Point A-10 Conradson carbon A-10 copper A-10 Cu/Fe A-10 Flash Point A-11 Freeze Point A-11 molecular weight A-11 MON Clear A-12 naphthenes A-12 Ni A-12 Nitrogen A-12 olefins A-12 paraffins A-12–A-13 Pour Point A-13 refractive index A-13 Reid Vapor Pressure A-14 RON Clear A-14 RON Leaded A-14 rvp A-14 sg A-15 Smoke Point A-15 specific gravity A-15 sulfur A-15 vanadium A-15 viscosity A-15 wax content A-16 CSV File A-41 format A-41 layout A-41 property units A-43 D Data Control
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property view 6-48 Data Set Manager add data set 4-91 clone data set 4-91 delete data set 4-91 property view 4-87, 4-91 rename data set 4-91 Delta Base Utility 10-3 add 10-3 create 10-3 data layout in HYSYS format 10-11 data layout in PIMS format 10-6 delete 10-4 dependent variables 10-10, 10-15 derivative analysis tab 10-6 derivative equations 10-22 derivative values 10-20 edit 10-4 export derivatives 10-23 independent variables 10-8, 10-12 property view 10-5 proxy variables 10-9, 10-13 scope objects 10-19 select variable 10-16 target objects 10-18 variables tab 10-11 E Edit Bulk Properties property view 2-23 Edit Property Distribution Parameters property view 2-39 Editing Properties property view 2-24 F Factor Set fractionator page 5-66 property view 4-82, 5-64 reactor page 5-66 Flowsheet Menu notes manager 1-9 H HCR Configuration Wizard 5-23 calibration factors 5-27 configuration 5-24 geometry 5-26 HCR Reactor Section
catalyst deactivation page 5-55 configuration page 5-49 design tab 5-49 feed blend page 5-59 feed data tab 5-51 feeds page 5-54 geometry page 5-50 hydrogen balance page 5-62 hydrogen system page 5-61 library page 5-51 notes page 5-50 operation tab 5-53 product properties page 5-60 product yields page 5-60 properties page 5-52 property view 5-48 reactor page 5-61 recycle gas loop page 5-55 results tab 5-59 solver console page 5-58 solver options page 5-56 specifications page 5-54 Hydrocracker 5-3 add 5-19 calibration factor set 5-22 Calibration Set Library 5-63 catalyst deactivation page 5-35 components 5-6 connections page 5-29 create 5-19 deactivation of catalyst 5-16 delete 5-20 design tab 5-29 environments 5-17 Factor Set 5-64 feed blend page 5-41 feed characterization 5-3 feed page 5-32 feed type library 5-46 fractionator page 5-45 fractionator tab 5-39 HCR configuration wizard 5-23 HCR environment 5-21 HCR reactor section 5-48 hydrogen balance page 5-46 hydrogen system page 5-44 main environment 5-18 notes page 5-31 product properties page 5-43
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product yields page 5-42 property view 5-20, 5-28 reaction kinetic expression 5-14 reaction kinetics 5-6 reaction paths 5-11 reactor page 5-44 reactor section tab 5-31 reactor temperature control 5-16 recycle gas loop page 5-34 Results 5-67 results tab 5-41 solver console page 5-38 solver options page 5-36 specification page 5-34 specs page 5-39 system pressure control 5-16 template 5-18 tuning factors page 5-30 zone pressures page 5-39 I Input Experts 6-13 connections page 6-13 side stripper page 6-14 specs page 6-19 zone page 6-18 Input Stream Base Yield property view 8-11 N Notes add 1-8 Notes Manager 1-9 add 1-9 edit 1-9 search 1-10 view 1-9 Notes page 1-7 Notes tab 1-7 O Optimization Object property view 9-26 P PET file A-50 Petroelum Assay Composition property view 2-26
Petroleum Assay add 2-7 analysis tab 2-41 blending rules 2-17 centroid point 2-4 composition 2-26 copy 2-8 create 2-7 delete 2-8 edit 2-7 edit properties 2-24 estimation tab 2-42 export 2-15 gas chromatography 2-34 GC data results 2-40 gc data tab 2-34 import 2-9 Haverly H/CAMS 2-13 PIMS 2-11 import HYSYS assays 2-27 information tab 2-22 notes tab 2-44 plots tab 2-44 PONA tree diagram 2-36 property view 2-20 remove 2-8 summary information 2-22 view 2-7 Petroleum Assay Manager property view 2-5 Petroleum Assay Utility 10-23 add 10-24 boiling curves page 10-28 connections page 10-26 create 10-24 delete 10-25 design tab 10-25 dynamics tab 10-30 edit 10-25 plots page 10-29 properties page 10-29 results tab 10-28 Petroleum Assays 2-2 csv file 2-10, 2-16 PET file 2-9 pet file 2-16 Spiral file 2-16 xml file 2-10, 2-16 Petroleum Assays Utility
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notes page 10-27 Petroleum Column 6-2 add 6-12 auto reset 6-36 calibration tab 6-53 column profiles page 6-39 condenser handling 6-7 configuration 6-22 connections page 6-22 conventions 6-3 convergence 6-21 convergence results 6-37 create 6-12 cumulative plots 6-51 design tab 6-22 energy balance page 6-41 energy page 6-56 equilibrium error 6-33 equilibrium tolerance 6-33 feed page 6-54 feed-propducts page 6-40 heat and spec error 6-34 heat tolerance 6-33 incremental plots 6-52 initialize ideal K 6-35 installation 6-12 maximum iteration 6-33 notes page 6-37 performance tab 6-37 plots 6-42 plots page 6-42 plotted results page 6-58 products page 6-55 property view 6-20 run / reset buttons 6-21 save for initial estimate 6-34 side draws page 6-29 side stripper page 6-26 solver options 6-32 solveropts page 6-32 spec tolerance 6-33 specifications 6-30 specs page 6-30 stage-by-stage method 6-8 stream detail 6-40 stream summary 6-38 summary page 6-38 super critical handling model 6-34 tabular results page 6-57
tbp cut points 6-9 theory 6-4 trace level 6-35 two liquids check 6-36 volume interchange curve 6-50 water handling 6-7 water tolerance 6-36 worksheet tab 6-37 zone page 6-24 zone-by-zone method 6-4 Petroleum Distillation Column 6-2 property view 6-20 Petroleum Feeder 7-2 add 7-2 connections page 7-4 connections tab 7-4 notes page 7-4 parameters page 7-5 parameters tab 7-5 property view 7-2 user variables tab 7-6 worksheet tab 7-6 Petroleum Properties A-5 component level A-5, A-9 Healy method A-8 mass blend A-6 mole blend A-6 MON blend A-8 RON blend A-8 stream level A-5, A-16 volume blend A-7 Petroleum Yield Shift Reactor 8-2 assay properties page 8-13 base shift page 8-12, 8-14 base yield page 8-9 conditions page 8-9 connections page 8-5 design tab 8-4 indep variables page 8-7 notes page 8-8 product flow tab 8-8 product properties tab 8-13 properties page 8-15 property view 8-3 reactor params page 8-6 tbp curves page 8-16 theory 8-2 user variables page 8-8 worksheet tab 8-17
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Prediction advanced options 4-102 catalyst 4-98 catalyst weight 4-104 coke laydown 4-104 configure reactor 4-92 design reactor 4-91 feed condition 4-96 feed data 4-94 feed properties 4-95 feed type 4-94 heater temperatures 4-106 operation measurement 4-103 operation variables 4-95 pinning percent 4-104 reactor control 4-97 reactor geometry 4-93 reactor pressure 4-105 recontactor 4-98 solver commands 4-102 solver console 4-102 solver options 4-101 solver scripts 4-102 Product Blender 9-2 add 9-5 automatic pressure assignment 9-9 connections page 9-7 connections tab 9-7 constraints configuration page 9-17 constraints inputs page 9-18 constraints results page 9-20 create 9-5 inlet flow ratios 9-8 notes page 9-7 objectives page 9-22 optimization calculation mode 9-3 optimization tab 9-10 optimizer configuration page 9-23 optimizer results page 9-25 parameters page 9-8 parameters tab 9-8 pressure 9-9 property view 9-5 simulation calculation 9-8 simulation calculation mode 9-3 switching between simulation and optimization 9-4 theory 9-3 user variables tab 9-26
variables configuration page 9-12 variables inputs page 9-13 variables results page 9-15 worksheet tab 9-26 R Reactor Section advanced options 4-72 catalyst 4-67 catalyst results 4-78 configuration 4-59 control 4-66 design 4-59 feed blend 4-74 feed condition 4-65 feed data 4-61 feed properties 4-63 feed type 4-62 geometry 4-60 notes page 4-61 operation 4-64 product properties 4-76 product yields 4-75 property view 4-58 reactor results 4-77 recontactor 4-68 recontactor results 4-78 results 4-73 solver commands 4-71 solver console 4-71 solver options 4-70 solver scripts 4-71 summary results 4-73 Refinery Column Input Experts 6-13 Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining common property views 1-5 utilities 10-2 Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Object Palette 1-6 Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Options 1-2 Results feed blend page 5-67 hydrogen balance page 5-70 hydrogen system page 5-70 product properties page 5-69 product yields page 5-68 property view 5-67 reactor page 5-69
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S Select Feed Location property view 5-33 Select Variable property view 10-16 using 10-17 Side Stripper property view 6-27 Spiral file A-52 stream level acetaldehyde toxic emission A-16 Aniline Point A-17 aromatics A-17 asphaltene A-17 basic nitrogen A-17 benzene toxic emission A-19 benzene toxic exhaust emission A-18 butadiene toxic emission A-20 C to H ratio A-21 Cetane Index 4737 A-21 Cetane index 967 A-21 Cetane Number A-22 Cloud Point A-22 Conradson carbon A-23 copper A-23 Cu/Fe A-23 DON(Clear) A-24 Driveability Index A-24 Flash Point A-24 formaldehyde toxic emission A-27 Freeze Point A-26 Hydrogen combustion A-28 Luminometer Number A-28 molecular weight A-28 MON Clear A-28 naphthenes A-29 Ni A-29 nitrogen A-29 NOx emission A-29 olefins A-30–A-31 paraffins A-31 polycyclic toxic emission A-31 Pour Point A-32 refractive index A-33 Reid Vapor Pressure A-34 RON Clear A-35 RON Leaded A-36 rvp A-34
sg A-36 Smoke Point A-36 specific gravity A-36 Standard Liquid Density A-36 sulfur A-37 total toxic emission A-37 vanadium A-37 viscosity A-38 VOC exhaust A-38 VOC total A-40 VOC total non-exhaust A-39 wax content A-41 Swing Cut Utility 10-32 add 10-32 assay table tab 10-37 create 10-32 delete 10-33 edit 10-33 export assay properties 10-33 light ends tab 10-36 pims formate tab 10-39 property calculation 10-38 select assay property 10-38 specification tab 10-34 T Target Objects property view 10-18 scoping 10-19 TBP Cut Points 6-9 Tray Section Details property view 6-24 U User Variable add 1-12 User Variables page 1-10 User Variables tab 1-10 utility delta base 10-3 petroleum assay 10-23 swing cut 10-32 W Worksheet tab 1-6 X XML file A-45
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component A-48 crude A-48 first branch A-47 forth branch A-49 individual component A-49 second branch A-47 third branch A-48 type A-47 version A-47
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