Aspectos Conceptuales de La Etica

 

TAPßDKLJF DGKLUFTLFHF NA UAHA_QAKF BLHLZ^ATLG NAK PGNAT PGPQKFT PFTF KF ANQJFJLÚH QHLUATZL^FTLF QHLUATZLNFN PGKL^ÌJHLJF ^ATTL^GTLFK FTIAKLF KF\F QP^DFK MLIQATG^A-AZ^FNG-BLTFHNF ^TF\AJ^G LHLJLFK 4040-6

Fspajt gs Jghja PTGEAZGTF? Bfxldar Pfhtgof 

AZ^QNLFH^A?  Jfrngzg Nakybfr 

ptufkas Na kf Ìtljf .

J.L.:0..099 LH^TGNQJJLÚH

 

Lhtairfr kf ìtljf f huastrfs vlnfs, hg nadarâf sar bgtlvg na fsgbdrg g prasuhjlúh, yf qua nada sar fkig jgh kg qua nadabgs jghvlvlr nlfrlfbahta, parg fk pfrajar as uh tabf buy sarlg y fkig jgbpkl jgbpkljfng jfng ah huastrf rafklnfn fjtuf fjtufk,k, yf qua ah gjfslghas kf ìtljf sgkg sa utlklzf jgbg uh slbpka bfqulkkfoa ah huastrfs fjjlghas jgtlnlfhfs. Nadabgs na astfr pkahfbahta jghsjlahtas y jghvahjlngs na qua qu a kf ìt ìtlj ljf f sa rl rlia ia df dfog og pr prlh lhjl jlpl plgs gs uhlv uhlvars arsfk fkas as dæ dæslj sljgs gs,, jg jgbg bg pg pgrr aoab aoabpk pkg g kf oustljlf kf oustljlf,, (tgngs fprajlfbgs kf oustljlf nasna ak bgbahtg ah qua f hfnla ka iustf sar trftfng lhoustfbahta). Pgr kg tfhtg napahna na hgsgtrgs blsbgs, ak astfdkajar uh ahtgrhg ìtljg, jgh huastrf efblklf efblklf,, fbligs, y prlhjlpfkbahta jgh huastrgs jgkfdgrfngras, pfrf tfk blslúh, blslúh, nadabgs na abpra rah hnar uhf sa sarrla na fjjlghas y fjtltunas, juyg gdoatlvg gdoatlvg saf  saf ak naspartfr kfs raekaxlghas qua egbahtah kf jukturf ìtljf ah tgngs y jfnf uhg na hgsgtrgs, jgbg pgr aoabpkg akfdgrfhng y egrbfhng uh júnlig na vfkgras sgdra ak jufk vfbgs f prgyajtfr huastrf vlnf, dfog kf prablsf na qua hg sa nada na lbpghar nljmg júnli júnlig, g, sl hg qua ìsta nada na surilr dfog kf vlslúh, vlslúh, na qua fk nfrka vlnf, hg sgkg jrafrabgs uh ahtgrhg na trfdfog firfnfdka slhg pgnabgs mfjar qua huastrfs fjjlghas trfspfsah huastrfs erghtarfs kfdgrfkas pfrf mfjarkg kkaifr f tgngs kgs æbdltgs na huastrf vlnf jgtlnlfhf. Parg Pa rg nae naelh lhltltlv lvfb fbah ahta ta,, ak na najln jlnlr lr kkkkavf avfrr uh astl astlkg kg na vlnf vlnf  jgh fjt fjtltu ltunas nas fpaifnfs f kf ìtljf, rasuktf bæs qua nleâjlk, puas tfk pfraja qua ah huastrgs nâfs, astfs fjjlghas hg sgh buy rabuharfnfs ajghúbljfbahta, fk jghtrfrlg, hgs mfjah varhgs euarf na rltbg, nahtrg nak blsbg rltbg na vlnf qua bfrjf bfrjf kf  kf sgjlanfn fjtufk.. Pgr tfhtg, nadabg fjtufk nadabgss na mfjar jghjlahjl jghjlahjlf, f, na qua raquarlbgs jgh uriahjl uriahjlf f parsghfs fpaifnfs f kf ìtljf, astg as kg qua hajasltfbgs ah huastrgs nâfs pfrf pgnar sfklr fnakfhta ah tgngs kgs fspajtgs na huastrf vlnf, puas plahsg qua na astf bfharf pgnrâfbgs baogrfr huastrg hlvak na vlnf y pgr ahna ak pfâs, nak qua egrbfbgs pfrta.

 

JGHJAP^G NA Ì^LJF \ KF Ì^LJF JGBG TFBF NAKF ELKGZGEÂF. As uhf nlsjlpklhf na kf elkgsgeâf qua astunlf ak jgbpgrtfblahtg mubfhg y su rakfjlúh jgh kfs hgjlghas nak dlah y nak bfk, kgs prajaptgs bgrfkas, ak nadar, kf eakljlnfn y ak dlahastfr jgbÿh. Kf euhjlúh na kf ìtljf jgbg nlsjlpklhf as fhfklzfr  kgs prajaptgs na bgrfk, nadar y vlrtun qua iuâfh ak jgbpgrtfblahtg mubfhg mfjlf kf kldartfn y kf oustljlf. Pkftúh y Frlstútakas fsahtfrgh ngs jgrrlahtas ìtljfs prasahtas mfstf mgy. Pfrf Pkftúh, ak Dlah y kf Uarnfn sgh uh elh suprabg, y kf dÿsquanf na kf Ulrtun as lhmarahta fk fkbf. Pfrf Frlstútakas, kf ìtljf as ak búvlk y ak banlg pfrf fkjfhzfr kf eakljlnfn y, ah asf banlnf, as uhf gparfjlúh rfjlghfk, hg nak fkbf. Naspuìs na Frlstútakas, ngblhfrgh kfs jgrrlahtas fjgilnfs fk jghjaptg na kf ìtljf jgbg banlg. Parg bæs tfrna, ak hagpkftghlsbg rajuparú kf lnaf nak Dlah suprabg jgbg prgpúsltg. Pfrf jubpklr jgh su euhjlúh, kf ìtljf sa sudnlvlna ah uh jghouhtg na rfbfs aspajlfklzfnfs. Ahtra kfs rfbfs na kf ìtljf sa rajghgjah kfs sliulahtas? 

Batfìtljf? astunlf kfs tagrâfs ìtljfs ah sâ blsbfs y fhfklzf kgs slihleljfngs ftrldulngs ftrld ulngs f kfs pfkfdrfs ìtljfs. Pgr aoabpkg aoabpkg,, f quì sa raelar raelara a kf iahta jufhng mfdkf nak dlah, na kf eakljlnfn g na kg nasafdka.

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Ìtljf hgrbftlvf hgrbftlvf g naghtg naghtgkgiâf kgiâf?? astfdka astfdkaja ja prlhjl prlhjlplgs plgs pfrf iulfr kgs slsta slstabfs bfs na hgrbfs y nadaras ah æbdltgs æbdltgs na lhtar lhtarìs ìs jgbÿh. Pgr aoabpkg, kf kkfbfnf raikf na grg (trftfr f kgs nabæs jgbg hgs iustfrâf sar trftfngs).

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Ìtlj Ìtljf f fp fpklkljf jfnf nf?? fh fhfk fklz lzf f kf fp fpklkljf jfjl jlúh úh na kfs kfs hg hgrb rbfs fs ìtlj ìtljfs fs y bgr grfk fkas as f sltufjlghas jghjratfs. Pgr aoabpkg, jufhng kf dlgìtljf, kf ìtljf fbdlahtfk, kf ìtljf jgbuhljfjlghfk, atj. Kf ìtljf as uhf rfbf euhnfbahtfk ah kf elkgsgeâf, nfng qua  ka slrva fk

mgbdra pfrf pahsfrsa f sâ blsbg y pahsfr kf bfharf ah qua jghjlda kg jgrrajtg y kg lhjgrrajtg ah kfs nlstlhtfs tabætljfs na su vlnf. Kf ìtljf as jkfva ah kf egrbfjlúh na júnligs na jghnujtf y ah kf lbpfrtljlúh na kf kf oustljlf  oustljlf, sl dlah akkf

 

blsbf hg dusjf nlsjarhlr ahtra kg duahg y kg bfkg, slhg pahsfr oustfbahta asf nlstlhjlúh. JGHJAP^G NA BGTFK \ ZQ TAKFJLÚH JGH KF Ì^LJF As jghslnarfnf jgbg uh jghouhtg na kayas kayas abpkafnfs  abpkafnfs pfrf parbfhajar  nahtrg na kfs úrnahas na kf duahf jgstubdra, jgstubdra , parg sgh lhtarhfs, sgh prgplfs nak sar mubfhg. Za puana najlnlr lhnlvlnufkbahta sl tahar najgrg g hg, sl jubpklr g hg jgh kfs hgrbfs ìtljfs pfrf astfr jghegrba f kf sgjlanfn. Zl dlah as jlartg qua kf bgrfk y kf ìtljf sgh jghslnarfnfs slhúhlbgs, kf ìtljf utlklklz ut lzf f fk tì tìrb rblh lhg g pr prlh lhjl jlpfk pfk jg jgbg bg astrft astrftai ailf lf pf pfrf rf ak du duah ah nasf nasfrrg rrgkkkkg g na kf kfss sgjlanfnas, astf hg slabpra saræ duahf y fpkljfdka f kf rasgkujlúh na prgdkabfs, puas ah jfnf qulah astæ najlnlr sl pgsaarkf g hg. Ahtra kgs tìrblhgs ìtljgs y bgrfkas axlsta uhf nakifnf drajmf qua kgs nlearahjlf y qua as lbpgrtfhta rajghgjar pfrf avltfr ak usg arrúhag na astfs pfkf pf kfdr drfs. fs. Ìtlj Ìtljf f as ak as astu tunl nlg g na kf bgrfk bgrfk qua qua pf pfrt rta a na nasna sna uh uhf f pa parsp rspajt ajtlv lvf f elkgsúeljf, jlahtâeljf y taúrljf pfrf astfdkajar y euhnfbahtfr su slihleljfng. Kf ìtljf tfbdlìh tgbf ah juahtf qua kfs parsghfs pfrt pfrtah ah na kf rfzúh y nak jghgj jg hgjlb lbla laht htg g na kf kfss jgh jghsa saju juahj ahjlf lfss qu qua a fjf fjfrr rrafh afh hu huast astrfs rfs fjjl fjjlgh ghas as mfj mfjlf lf hgsgtrgs blsbgs y f kf sgjlanfn. Kf ìtljf astfdkaja kgs prlhjlplgs na huastrf vlnf a lbpkljf kf nlstlhjlúh ahtra kg duahg y bfkg, f pfrtlr na uh fhæklsls pravlg. Pgr su pfrta, kf bgrfk as uh jghouhtg na vfkgras, hgrbftlvfs y jraahjlfs qua sa jubpkah y natarblhfh kfs duahfs jgstubdras y kfs jghnujtfs sgjlfkas. Kf bgrfk mfja uhf vfkgrfjlúh na kfs jghnujtfs na kfs parsghfs, nlstlhiua fquakkfs qua sa jghslna jghslnarfh rfh duahfs g bfkfs tfhtg pfrf ak lhnlvlnug jgbg pfrf kf sgjlan sgjlanfn fn ah iaharfk. Na fkkâ qua kf bgrfk saf ak gdoatg na astunlg na kf ìtljf. Ah tgng jfsg kf ìtljf, kg blsbg qua kf bgrfk, as uh vfkgr buy rakftlvg. Astæ supanltfng f kgs astfngs na jghjlahjlf qua tlahah kgs irupgs sgjlfkas ah uh kuifr  natarblhfng y ah uh bgbahtg nfng. Hg jghtlaha vfkgras atarhgs a lhvfrlfdkas. Kf mlstgrlf hgs ahsaöf jgbg akkgs sa bgnleljfrgh ah ak jursg na kf mlstgrlf y f kg kfrig nak aspfjlg. Kf hgjlúh na kg duahg, kg oustg, na kg nadlng mf jfbdlfng ah ak

 

tlabpg. tlabp g. Lhjkusg ah uhf blsbf sgjlan sgjlanfn fn jfdah nlvarsfs jghjapjlg jghjapjlghas has ìtljfs, qua jgrraspghnah jgrraspg hnah f kgs ‛bgngs na var kf vlnf‒ na kgs nleara nlearahtas htas astrftgs sgjlfk sgjlfkas. as. Hg ba pfraja buy nasjfblhfnf kf felrbfjlúh bfrxlstf na qua kf ìtljf, ah jufhtg suparastrujturf, as uh prgnujtg na kgs efjtgras astrujturfkas na kf ajghgbâf. Ah aeajtg, ak kuifr qua jfnf parsghf gjupf ah ak prgjasg na kf prgnujjlúh jghnljlghf jghsjlahta g lhjghsjlahtabahta sus jghjapjlghas ìtljfs. Asg astæ buyy jk bu jkfrg frg.. Fk lh lhnl nlvl vlnug nug qu qua a jg jghj hjah ahtr trf f lh lhira irasg sgss ka pf pfraj raja a ìt ìtlj ljg g kg qu qua a astæ astæ mfjlahng blahtrfs qua f kgs qua astæh sltufngs ah kuifras lhearlgras nak asjfkfeúh g f kgs fsfkfrlfngs na dfsa asg kas pfraja uhf lhbgrfklnfn. KF F]LGKGIÂF UFKGTAZ BGTFKAZ \ UFKGTFJLGHAZ Kf fx fxlg lgkg kgiâ iâf f as kf jl jlah ahjl jlf f na kg kgss vf vfkg kgra rass bg bgrf rfka kass ah ahjf jfri rifn fnf f na su  oarfrqulzfjlúh, kg qua parblta qua jfnf parsghf astfdkazjf su prgplf asjfkf na vfkgras. Asta prgdkabf mf slng fbpklfbahta astunlfng pgr vfrlgs elkúsgegs. Tljcat kgs fdgrnú ah dfsa fk jghjaptg mlstúrljg, qua kas nf vliahjlf ah natarblhfng kuifr  y ìpgjf. Mfrtbfh hg súkg oarfrqulzf kgs vfkgras, slhg qua tfbdlìh oarfrqulzf kfs vlrtunas y kfs pfslghas. Bfx Zmakkar mf rafklzfng prgeuhngs astunlgs ah asta jfbpg, kgs qua mf naofng pkfsbfngs ah su tagrâf Ìtljf fxlgkúiljf. Pgr gtrf pfrta, ahtahna ahtahnabgs bgs qua naelh naelhlr lr kf vfkgrfj vfkgrfjlúh lúh jgbg raeka raekaog og sudoatlvg na kgs vfkgras hg hgs fpgrtf irfh jgsf. Ak raekaog sudoatlvg na kf rafklnfn ravlsta nlsâblkas nlsâb lkas egrbfs, ahtra kfs qua sa ahjuaht ahjuahtrfh rfh kfs abgjl abgjlghas, ghas, kgs sahtlb sahtlblahtgs lahtgs,, kf lhtuljlúh, kgs jghjaptgs, kgs ouljlgs, atj., pgr kg qua mfdrâf qua ahtrfr f aspajleljfr  kg nlstlhtlvg na asf vfkgrfjlúh sudoatlvf. \ ah astg as hajasfrlg nlearahjlfr kf vfkgrfjlúh ah sâ nak eahúbahg na kf praearahjlf. Praearlr as fkig qua mfjabgs iulfngs pgr ak sahtlblahtg na firfng g nasfirfng, fk bgstrfr huastrf lhjklhfjlúh g fvarslúh jgh rakfjlúh f fkig. Zlh abdfrig, ah kf akajjlúh qua mfifbgs, axprasf g tæjltf, suaka astfr bæs g bahgs jgbprgbatlnf huastrf rfzúh. Hg slabpra sa aklia kg qua sa praelara, hl sa praelara kg qua as gdoat gdoatg g na akajjlúh, akajjlúh, y as pgrqua ah kf akajjlúh sgkabgs iulfr iulfrhgs hgs bujmg bæs pgr huastr huastrg g ouljlg qua pgr kgs sahtlb sahtlblahtg lahtgss qua ah uh natarb natarblhfng lhfng bgbahtg

 

hgs fslstah. Fbdgs prgjasgs quanfh lhtairfngs ah kf astlbfjlúh, qua hg as bæs qua kf jghnujtf jgh qua sgkabgs axprasfr ak vfkgr qua rajghgjabgs ah kfs jgsfs g ah kfs parsghfs. Ah jfbdlg, f trfvìs na kf vfkgrfjlúh kg qua mfjabgs as nfr  juahtf rfjlghfk sgdra ak eahúbahg na kf astlbfjlúh. Pgr asg kf vfkgrfjlúh, f huastrg bgng na var, hg puana axprasfrsa na gtrf egrbf qua hg saf ak ouljlg3 as ak ouljlg jgh ak jufk hgs axprasf axprasfbgs bgs na bfharf jrâtljf sgdra ak vfkgr na kfs jgsfs g kfs parsghfs.

 

JGHJKQZLÚH Kf ìtljf qua as jlahjlf, nahtrg nak æbdltg na kf elkgsgeâf, tlahna f natarblhfr  kf sl slih ihlelelj ljfj fjlú lúh h na kf vlnf vlnf mu mubf bfhf, hf, gd gdklklif if fk as astu tunl nlg, g, f kf lhvastlifjlúh lhvastlifjlúh y  y fk rfzghfb rfzg hfblaht lahtg g sgd sgdra ra kf dlgkgiâf  dlgkgiâf bg bgrf rfk,k, ah ju jufht fhtg g fk mg mgbd bdra ra sa ra raelelar ara. a. As Astf tfss jlrjuhstfhjlfs jlrjuhstfhjl fs hgs jghnuj jghnujah ah f tgjfr kgs fbpklgs jfbp jfbpgs gs na kf mlstgrlf mlstgrlf,, kf elkgsgeâf ah sus vfrlfngs fspajtgs, kf sljgkgiâf, atj. Kf ìtljf astæ ah rakfjlúh jgh ak mgbd mg bdra, ra, pg pgrr sar ah ahar ariâ iâf f na kf parsghf parsghfklnfn klnfn  mu mubf bfhf hf,, qu qua a as iaharf iaharfngr ngrf f na nakk prgirasg y kf jlvlklzfjlúh. Kf ìtljf as nadar y gdklifjlúh na kf bgrfklnfn, jghegrba kf vgz lhtarlgr nak lhnlvlnug qua rfzghf, kg qua hgs nabuastrf qua as kf dfsa nak sfdar y kf vgkuhtfn mubfhf. Kf lbpgrtfhjlf na kf ìtljf narlvf na su gdoatg na astunlg? kf bgrfk. Nasna qua ka mgbdra sa firupg ah sgjlanfnas tuvg kf hajaslnfn na nasfrrgkkfr uhf sarla na raikfs qua ka parbltlarfh raiukfr su jghnujtf erahta f kgs gtrgs blabdrgs na kf jgbuhlnfn. jgbuhlnfn. Na bfharf qua kf bgrfk as uhf jghstfhta na kf vlnf mubfhf. Kgs mgbd mg bdra rass hg pu puan anah ah vlvl vlvlrr slh slh hgr grbf bfss hl vf vfkg kgra ras. s. As pg pgrr asg asg qu qua a sa mf jfrfjtarlzfng fk mgbdra jgbg uh "fhlbfk ìtljg".

 

TAEATAHJLFZ Nrfha Ofbas E. Kf ìtljf jgbg jfræjtar y kf lhvastlifjlúh bìnljf. Dahâ Da hâta tazz Ma Marh rhæh æhnaz naz..

Ìt Ìtlj ljf f na kf lh lhvas vastltlifj ifjlú lúh h jlah jlahtâ tâeleljgjg-bì bìnl nljf jf na nasn sna a kf

parspajtlvf na kf ftahjlúh prlbfrlf na sfkun. Earhæhnaz Ifrrgta KB, Kkfhas Earhæhnaz K. Taekaxlghas sgdra kf ìtljf ah kf lhvastlifjlúh jkâhljf y aplnablgkúiljf. Kgkfs ZE. Fspajtgs ìtljgs na kf lhvastlifjlúh dlgbìnljf? Jghjaptgs erajuahtas ah kfs hgrbfs asjrltfs. Kgkfs ZE. Fspajtgs ìtljgs na kf lhvastlifjlúh dlgbìnljf? Jghjaptgs erajuahtas ah kfs hgrbfs asjrltfs.