Ashrae Pocket Guide

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POCKET GUIDE for

Air Conditioning Heating Ventilation Refrigeration (lnch-Pound Edition) American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. 1791 Tullie Circle, NE Atlanta, GA 30329

wl 93 by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and

TABLE OF CONTENTS

r-Conditioníng Engineers, !ne. Ali ríghts reserved.

1

ISBN ()..

883413

--0l-X

IAir Handling and Ductwork Page Air Friction Charts ...................................... 1-3 Velocity versus Velocity Pressure ............................. 4 Circular F.quivalcnts of Rectangular Ducts ................... 5-6 \1)esign Vclocitics: Louver Sizing ........................... 7-8 tan Laws ............................................. 9-10 sychromclric Chart ............•..•.••.......•.••...•... 11 Moist Air Data .......................................... 12

of lhis manual may be reproduccd without pennission in writinE,tmperature ~ Altitude Correction · · · · · · · · · · · · ............ 13 . h b . f ·,cnthalpy of Air ....................................... 14-15 f rom ASHRAE , except by a rev1~r w o may ~uote r.1c passages º'steam Thblc ............................................. 16 roduce illustrations in a rcview w1th appropnate credit; nor may anf of this book be reproduced, stored in a r~rieval systc~, or uans~r Con~mlnants and Control ed in any fonn or by any means-electromc, photocopymg, record r Qua?tY ~tandards .................................... 17 ing, or Other-without permission in writing from ASHRAE. !~me Air Cleaners ................................... 18 1 ter Performance ....................................... 19

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. RAE

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has compilcd this publication with carr., but ASHRAE h ·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: . invcstigated, and A~HRAE expressly disclain:is any duty_ to inv~ ood Capture Velocities ....................... . .......... 22 tigatr., any product, scrv1ce, process, proccdure, dcs1gn, or the likc whic xbaust Velocity Contours ................................ 23 be described hcrein . Thc appcarancc of any technical data, editori ontaminant 1l'ansport Velocities .................. ......... 24 erial, or advcrtiscmcnt in this publication does not constitu tflood Ent ry Loss ........................................ 25 • orsement, warranty, or guaranty by ASHRAE of any product, serv¡Gtchen Rangc Hoods .................................. 26-27 1cr., process, procedure, design, orthe like. ASHRAE does not warranf..aboratory H oods · · · · · · · · · · .. · .. · . · ..................... 28

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that the information in this publication is free of errors, and ASHRAfwater a nd Steam s not nccessarily agrec wíth any statement or opinion in this publipump Turms and Formulas ................................ 29 on. The entire risk of the use of any information in this publicatiofump Affinity Laws ................................... 30-31 1s assumed by the user. fypical Pump Curves .................................. 32-34 Stearn Pipe Capacitics ................................. 35-37 ~~m Pipe Capacities-Rcturn Mains ....................... 38 t:t:ncral lnformation on Water ............................. 39 ass Flow and Spccific Heat of Water ...................... 40 freezing Points of Glycols ................................. 40 Jizing Formulas for Hcating/Cooling ...................... .41 Vertical Cylindrical Thnk Capacity ......................... .42 Horizontal Cylindrical Thnk Capacity ....................... 43 V'olume of Water in Pipe and Tube .......................... 44 !fot Water Demand per Fixture ............................ 45 ntcd in thc United States of America rlot Water Demand for Buildings ........................... 46 ~riction Chart-Steel Pipe ................................ 47

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l. ·~~~o~n~:~~~¿~;;:~"j. ............................. ::~~~~r~:o;:~·I~~ ~~~~.e~,~~~~ l iction Chart- Plastic Pipe . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stccl Pipe Data ............................ .. ....... .. 50Copper Tube Data .................................. ... 52operties of Plastic Pipe Materials .......... . ........... 54pe, Fitting, and Val ve Applications ............ . .. . .... . 561ermal Expansion of Metal Pipe ................... · · · · . . · H anger Spacing and Rod Sizcs ............................ . lar CoUector Data ...................... · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

. .. . .. . .... ... . ..... . . 117 Heat Gain from Restaurant and Office Equipment .. . ... . . 118-120 Hcat Gain from Hospital Equipment ............ . ... . ...... Ul Hcat Gain from Motors ................. . ......... . .. ... . 122 Ventilation Rate Data (ASHRAE Std. 62-1989) ... . ....... 123-126 Information on Wcather Data ............................. U7 Cooling Load Check Values ........................... 128-129

E ectrical AUowable Ampacitics of lnsulatcd Conductors .......... . 130-131 írigcratloo Charactcristics of AC and OC Motors ................... 132-133 rrcssurc-Enthalpy Chart- R-11 . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · olor Full-Load Amperes .......................... . ..... 134 Pressurc-Enthalpy Chart- R-12 · · .. · · .. · .... · · .. · · .. · · · · · · · Uscful Electrical Formulas ...................... . ..... . .. 135 sure-Enthalpy Chan- R-22 ........................... . ' rigeration Property Thbles- R-22 ......... · · · · · · · · · · · · · 65- cls aod Combustion rcssurc-Enthalpy Chart- R-123 ...................... ... .. Pressurc-Enthalpy Chart- R-134a .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . ngine Sizing Thbles · · .. · · .. · · · · .. · · .. · .. · .. · ............ 136 Refrigeration Propcrty Thbles- R-134a ........... . .. .. . . . . 70- as Pipe Sizing Thble · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · .. . ........ 137 ressurc-Enthalpy Chart- R-502 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cating Valucs of Fuels ............................. . .. .. 138 ressure-Enthalpy Chart- R-717 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . uel Oil Pipe Sizing Table · · · · · · · · · .. · · ... . .. . .... . .. . .. .. 139 efrigeration Properly Thbles-R-717 . . ............ . . .. . .. 75Refrigeranl Line Capacities-R-22 ... .. .. . ... ... .. . . ..... 78 wning and Operatlng ction Line Capacities- R-22 ...... . .. .. .. .. ........ ... 82- wning and Operating Cost Data .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. ....... 140-141 ction Riser Capaciúes- R-22 .. . .......... ... . ..... . ... 84-~·re Cycle Cosls and Present Worth Factors .... . .. . .. .. . . . .. 142 frigcrant Line Capacities- Ammonia (R-717) .......... . . 86- uipment Service Life ......... .... . .... . .... . ..... . .... 143 frigerant Line Sizing- R-134a ... . .... .. . ..... .. . ... .. . . . . aintenance Costs .. . ... ................... .. . .. . . ... ... 144

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IVAC Load lníormatlo n E und and Vlbrallon urfacc Conductance and Emittance Valucs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ceptable HVAC Noise Levels ............. . ..... . . .. .. ... 145 'herma! Resistances of Air Spaces ......... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · C Curves . .......... . ............................ . ... . 146 Heat 'Ilansmission for Fencstration ....... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · .f!yp¡caJ Fan Sound Power Levels .................... . .. . . . . 147 Thermal Properti~s .ºr Materials ·: · · · · · · .... · .. · · .. · · · · · · 94-fü.P¡caJ Equipmeot Noise Levels ........................... 148 hermal Conducuv1ty ~or. lndustnal lnsul · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 100-l~¡vc Duct Sound Attenuators ........................... 149 J-Factors for ~e~ Bu1ld111~ · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · . 102-lfvibration lsolator Sclcction ....................... . ... 150-151 Underground P1p111g lnsulauon ........................... JI Max. and Min. Earth lemperaturcs ............. . ....... . · . Ir: ! 1 11 Co ntrols · · · · · · · · · · · · · · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152-157 r So'ls erma1 C on d uct 1.V1'ty 1or 1 and Rocks ................. . u orna e of C LTD/CLF Equations ....................... . 11 l urnmary h LTDs for Aat Roofs ................................ 108-lpcoeral Approximate CLTDs for Sunlit Walls ................. . . . 110-1,(\ir-Co o.d itioning Formulas ............................... 158 Solar Cooling Load for Sunlil Glass ................... . . l13-lf:onvcrs100 Factors · · · · · · · · · · · ....................... 159-162 hadiog Cocfficients for Olass .............. . .......... . . . 1 efrigerating Effcct from Display Fixturcs ........ . ...... .. .. tlndex ........................................ . .. . .. 163-164

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PREFACE

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This Pocket Guide was developed to serve as a ready reference fo · engineers whose mobility keeps them from easy access to thc larg~ ASHRAE Handbooks. Much of the information is taken fro the four vol u mes of thc ASHRAE Handbook series and abridged rcduced to fil the smaller page sizc. Other sources includ the Cooling and Heating Load Calcu/ation Manual published bJ ASHRAE in 1991; Industria/ Ventílation: A Manual o/ Recommendel Practice, 21st Edition, published in 1989 by Thc American Conferena of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; and Numbers published il 1985 by W. Holláday and the late C. Otterholm.

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This third edition of the Pocket Guide, which was first published it 1987, was compiled by Frcdcrick W. Kohloss and cditcd by Robcrt A Parsons with thc guidance of thc Society's Special Publications Com mittee. Previous major contributors wcre Carl W. MacPhee, Griffitl C. Burr, Jr., and Harry E. Rountree.

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528 583 743 1076

(b) An arbiuary conooion anowa- or 0.025 i11. ror pipe siz.a thtoup NPS 2 and o.oo iD. rrom NPS 2~ tM>ush 20. p1us (e) A 1hread cuuina allowance ror s1ut throush NPS 2. Beeause 1he pipe wall 1hlckness ofthrodtd siandard we1Jh1 pipe is'º small artcr deductinc 1he allowancc, A. tbe mechanical suength or 1he pipe is impaired. 11 is eood practice10 lint11 standard wti¡h1 thteod< ~'

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63

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62

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1 ...... ~

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t-. 1 -.._

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~

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~ "' ''1

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1

1

1

¡:¡. "\, ~

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",),

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R- l\:= \.! f:::!l .....

e.

J:

,._ '\ o ~ N

1

u

,J

~ e(

.\ "'

o~

\

~

1

1\

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:-..-...:~

e»- "

r- •¡

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1

N

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...... ". :-:,.,,;: ::;:_i

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::::::::: o

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o

(ot•d)

31:1nSS31:1d

73

> ~

<

X .... z

w

'~o

~

~~

•

~

1\

\

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-

~

\

~IN

N-

"""" r- .___,

~ t\.~

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1

-

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M-' o

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~,

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o

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127.20 0.2252 134.35 0.2362 141.29 0.2466 148.15 0.2564 154.99 0.2659 161.84 0.2750 entropy. Btu/lb .Of

1'-

11'

¡e

' :>.

..

'--

:! ~

az

!!

~

¡....__ L -

.. ._

~

o

o

.,o

; -l-

;--.. 1

~

i

g

Pressure • 200 psla Sal. teml!· .. 125.19 ºf

~-J ~1~1 L:,_

:!

~1

o.22s5 0.2334 0.2412 0.2488 0.2562

...

o

1

¡;

o

o

Pressure ~ l50 psla Sal. lemp. • 141.79 º f

-

~

I'

112.41 116.60 120.86 125.18 129.58

-

·-L..

,1 . . -';'el

h

V

s

h

1.663 1.741 1.818 1.89.S 1.971 2.046

0.22SS 0.2335 0.2413 0.2489 0.2S64 0.2638 0.2711

Pressure • 60 psla Sal. 1eml!· • 49.94 º F

Pressure • 45 psla Sa1.1eml!· • J4.94 ° F

y

~

106.18 110.06 114.03 118.08 122.22 126.44 130.75

1.584

.. o

h

V

h

V

31:lOSS3tld

(e11o)

Pressu re • 30 psia Sal. 1em2. • 15.39º F

Pressure • 15 psla Sat. 1eml!· • - t4.25 º F

1

1

1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1

(•19d)

Temp.,

___:!._

o

20 40 60

80 100 120 140

g o §

..

8~

...

8o 2

o

~

o o

2

Refrigerant 717 (Ammonla) Propertles of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor

3t:lnsS3t:ld o o

o

...

2

o...

2

..

-o o

.. o o

-.so.oo

5.539 1.656

-45.00 -40.00 - 3S.OO ,_ 30.00 - 27.99b

8.941 10.396 12.040 13.890 14.696

~ o o

"' o o

40 6(J

se

8.., 8

-

N

IOC 12( 14(

__.,

o

2

1: I! J'

21 2 2

o o N

é

o

>o..

..J

~

o

o

2 1

o o

8

':

N 1

o o

'?

..

..

o o...

o o

1

8

1

1

Teo o o o o

...

V

J'§

2 < :e

o

Tem ºf

psi a

J07.78a 100.00 -90.00 -80.00 -70.00 60.00

.. Temp. ºF

Prus.

'nmp. ºF

o

ª

o

..&

o o

2

(t1•d)

o

o

...o

2

... o

o o

2

%

w

0.876 1.230

1.856 2.733 3.931

- 2S.OO -20.00 '- 15.00 -J0.00

Enlbalpy, Denslty, Volume, Btu/lb lb/tt1 ft3/ lb Uquld Vapor U quid Vapor 45.81 252.01 45.51 183.31 45.13 124.64 44 .73 86. 784 44. 32 61.753 43 .91 44.818

- 71.827 569.276 -63.032 572.742 - 52.230 511.125 - 41.713 581.419 - 31.305 585.612 -20.912 589.693

43.49 43 .28 43.07 42.85 42.64

- 10.484 593.653 - 0.02526 1.44953 - 5.250 59S.584 -0.01257 1.43646 0.000 591 .482 0.00000 1.42376 5 .267 599.344 0.01246 1.41144 10.551 601.171 0.02481 l.39946 12.682 601.896 0.02975 1.39473

42.55

33.121 28 .652 24.885 21.694 18.981 18.006

IS.964 18.281 20.861 23.727 - 5.00 26.900

41.77 41.55

0.00 5.00 10.00 IS.00 20.00

30.402 34.258 38.492 43.131 48.199

41.33 41.l I 40.88 40.65 40.43

6.5585 S.9059

25.00 53.724 30.00 59.734 35 .00 66.258 40.00 73 .324 45.00 80.962

40.20 39.96 39.73 39.49

5.3303 4 .8211 4.3695 3.9682

39.2S

S0.00 89.204 55 .00 98.081

39.01 38.76 38. 51 38.26 38.00

60.00 107.62

6S.OO 117.87 70.00 128.84

42.42 42.21

41.99

16.665 14.680 12.973 11.500 10.223

- 0.18678 1.63586 -0.16206 1.60621 - 0.13244 1.57049 - 0. 10437 1.53719 - 0.07732 l.S0607 -0.05100 1.47691

15.854 602.962 21.174 604.714 26.511 606.428 31.867 608.102 37.242 609.736

0.03706 1.38781 0.04921 1.37648 0.06125 l.36545 0.07320 l.35471 0.08506 1.34424

42.635 611.327 48.046 612.876 53.477 614.382 58.928 615.842 64.398 611.256

0.09682 l. 33403 0.10849 1.32408 0.12008 1.31437 0.13158 1.30488 0.14299 1.29561

69.888 618.623

3.6105

80.933 621.208 86.488 622.424 92.066 623.585

0.15432 1.28654 0.16558 1.27767 0.17676 1.26898 0.18787 1.26047 0 . 19891 1.25213

3.2910 3.0050 2.7484 2.5177 2.3098

97.666 624.692 103.291 625 .741 108.941 626.731 114.615 627.659 120. 315 628.523

0.20987 1.24394 0.22077 1.23590 0.23161 1.22800 0 .24238 l.22022 0.25309 l.21257

9.1135 8.1464 7 .3005

15.400 619.941

- '?

3t:lílSS3t:ld

74

Entropy, lhu/lb· º F Liqoid V.por

75

Refrigeran! 717 (Ammonia) Propertles of Saturated Liquld and Saturated Vapor Temp., ºF

-o

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Temp ºF 41

6' 8 JO 12 14

Tenº!

Tt

Temp. ºF

75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00

Enlhalpy, Dens17. Volume, Blo/lb Ptt55. lbt r1 rt311b Llquld Vapor Uquld Vapor psi a 140.58 153.12 166.50 180.74 195.90

37.75 37.49 37.22 36.95 36.68

2. 1222

211.99 229.07 247 .17 266.32 286.57 307.96 330.52 354.30 379.34 405.67

36.40 36.12 35.84

1.4165 l.3109 1.2144 1.1261 1.0,451

35.55 35.26 34.96 34.66 34.35 34.03 33.71

1.9525 1.7987 1.6591 1.5321

0.9708 0.9024 0.8394 0.7813 0.7277

126.041 131.795 137.577 143.389 149.232

629.321 630.051 630.709 631.292 631.799

Entropy, Btullb · ºF Llquld Va 0.26374 0.27434 0.28488 0.29537 0.30581

155. 106 632.224 0.31621 161.013 632.567 0.32656 166.955 632.821 0.33687 172.933 632.985 0.34715 178.950 633.053 0.35739 185.007 633.023 0.36760 191.107 632.888 0.37778 197.253 632.646 0.38795 203.447 632.289 0.39809 209.694 631.813 0.40823

0.6781 215.997 631.213 0.41836 0.6322 222.361 630.480 0.42849 0.5896 228.792 629.609 0.43863 o.ssoo 235.294 628.590 0.44878 0.5133 241 .874 627.416 0.45897 180.00 630.22 31.26 0.4471 255.298 624.558 0.47946 708.73 30.47 0.3894 269.133 620.938 0.50018 190.00 794.38 29.63 0.3387 283.469 616.428 0.52127 200.00 887.64 21!.71 0.2940 298.429 610.846 0.54289 210.00 220.00 989.03 27 .71 0.254 1 314.m 603.934 0.56525 1099.I 26.59 0.2182 330.998 595.287 0.58871 230.00 240.00 1218.6 25.31 0.1854 349.296 584.228 0.61382 1348.3 23.76 0.1545 369. 899 569 .465 0.64166 250.00 1489.4 21.73 0.1239 394.854 547.928 0.67496 260.00 269.99c 1643.7 14.67 0.0682 467.152 467. 152 0.77240 ºTempcratures are convttted from the IPTS-68 sale of the orl1in1I formulati to thc l'J'S.90 scalc. e, ; critial point b • boíling point a • triple point 150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 170.00

433.35 462.42 492.92 524.91 558.42

33.39 33.05 32.71 32.36 32.01

76

ThermodynamJc Propertles of Arnmonla (R-717) Pressure ~ 14.7 psl1 SaL lemp. • -l9.9l º F h s 200.41 2.5959 210.99 2.6195 226.70 2.6526 242.29 2.6835 263.04 2.7220 283.89 2.7579 Prusure = 40 psi• Sal. temp. - ll .80 °F h s 0.13552 219.88 2.5250 0.12638 236.95 2.5588 0.11628 259.03 2.5998 0. 10788 280.76 2.6372 P ressure • 160 psi• Sal. iemp. = 82. 78 º F h s 0.508 13 0.45986 0.40690 0.36707 0.33531

237.51

264.56 301.68 337.23 372.53

2.4085 2.4552 2.5143 2.5658 2.6129

Pressure - 240 psfa S11. 1emp. = 108.24 º F h s

0.12516 0.62958 0.56240 0.51070 0.46897 vapor volume. n> /lb

Pressure • 25 psla S•L temp. = - 7.83ºF h s 42.209 0.08947 0.08324 0.07795 0.07199 0.06694

- 384.56 207.48 223 .98 240.15 261.43 282.63

Pressure • 70 psi• S11. lemp. ~ 37.84 ºF h s 39.966 0.2275 0.2076 0.1953

-330.34 230.20 254.06 271.27

Pressure S1t. lemp.

~ e

1.3569 2.4835 2.5278 2.5577

200 psi• 102.56ºF

h 0.65839 0.58884 0.51642 0.46366 0.42232

229 .13 258.60 297.59 334.14 370.07

s 2.3707 2.4216 2.4836 2.5366 2.5846

Pressure = 300 psla S11. lemp. ~ 123.37ºF h s

252.28 293.38 33 1.00 367.58 404.14

0.94634 2.3921 2.4575 0.80690 2.5121 0.71477 2.5610 0.64594 2.6061 0.59131 • h • enthalpy, Btu/lb s

77

1.2406 2.5515 2.5863 2.6184 2.6578 2.6944

•

242.01 2.3527 286.80 2.4240 326.18 2.4811 363.79 2.5313 401.06 2.5774 entropy, Btu/lb · ºF

-- ---'

.,¡

-

-

1

;;!

0:1

l-- -

~

...... ,ooo~~

º3 1-.,"!5

1~~8~~~!50\~J

Suction, Discharge, l l (Single - and Llquid Line Capacities for Refrigerant - or High-Stage - Applicatlons) Suction Unes (.6.1

= 2 °F)

Discharce Unes

Uquld Liaes•

(.6./ ª 1 ºF; Ap • 1.9 psi)

UneSia 'fype L Copper,

00 ~

-20

Ap=0.79 Ap=-1.15

112 S/8 718 1 1/ 8 1 3/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2S/8 3 1/ 8 3 518 4 1/8

IPS 112 3/4 1 1-1/ 4 1-112 2 2-1/2 3 4

Sataratecl Suctlom Tempenl•re, ºF

-40

-

o.si 1.1 1.9

-

0.32 0.86 1.7

o

20

40

40

40 40

40

ºº

Ap-1.6 Ap•2.22 Ap=2.91

-

O.SI 1.3 2.7

0.40 0.76 2.0 4.0

0.6 1.1

2.9 5.8

0.15 1.4 3.7 1.5

O.SS 1.6 4.2 8.5

Vel. lOOfpm

Al a lºF Ap =

3.05 psi

1/2 S/8 118 1 1/8

2.3 3.7 7.8 13.2

3.6 6.7 18.2 37.0

6.2 10.9

3.1 4.8 10.0 17.8

4.7 1.5 IS.6 27.5

7.0 11.1 23.1 40.8

J0.1 16.0 33.1 58.3

13.1 20.7 42.8 75.4

14.8 23.4 48.S 85.4

13/8 1 S/8 2118 2S/8

20.2 28.5 49.6 16.5

64.7 102.5 213.0 376.9

17.5 26.0 36.8

28.4 42.3 59.6

44.0 65.4 92.2

6S.O 96.6 136.3

92.9 137.8 194.3

120.2 178.4 251.1

136.2 202.1 284.4

3 1/8

. 3 5/8

109.2 147.8 192.J

601.5 895.7 1263.2

-

0.38 0.8 l.S 3.2 4.7 9.1 14.6 25.7 52.5

0.58 1.2 2.3 4.8 7.2 13.9 22.1 39.0 79.5

1.2 2.S 4.8 9.9 14.8 28.S 45.4 80.1 163.2

1.5

1.7 3.7 6.9 14.3 21.5 41.4 6S.9 116.4 237.3

3.8 6.9 11.S 20.6 28.3 53.8 76.7 118.5 204.2

5.1 12.8 25.2 S4.1 82.6 192.0 305.8 540.3 1101.2

1.0

o.so 0.9~

2.0 3.0 S.7 9.2 16.2 33.J

0.85

1.8 "3.4 7.0 10.S 20.2 32.2

56.8 115.9

Notes:

~ t. 'Jkble capaci1ies are in tons of rcfrigcration.

l:i.p "' pressure drop dueto line friction, psi per 100 ft of equiva-

lent line length l:i.t = corresponding cbange in saturation temperature per 100 ft, ºF 2. Llnc capacity for other saturaiion tcmperatures t.t and equivalent lengths L , ( 1\blc L, Aclual Al ) O.SS Line capacity • lkble capacity - -x Aclual L, Tublc Al 3. Saturation tcrnpcrature A/ for other capacities and equivalcru lcng¡hs

L,

- 40

SCB

40 40 40 40 40 40

U•c!iia 'fypeL Copper,

S.tlll'Sted Suctio• Temp., ºF

Actual L, ( Aaual capacity ) 1.8

Al • lkble A 1 - - -

lkble L,

3.3 6.1 12.6 19.0 36.6 58.I

102.8 209.5

41/8

IPS 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/ 4 1- 1/2 2 2-1/2 3 4

SCB

80 80 80 80 80 40 40

40 40

4. Values in 1hc table are based on IOS º F condcosing tcmperature. Mu!Liply 1able capaci1ies by lhe following faciors for olher condensing temperatures. Condenslac Ttmpa11111re, ºF

Suetlon Une

Dlsc.ltu¡e

80 90 100 110 120 130 140

1.11 1.07

0.79 0.88

1.03

0.95

0.91

1.04 1.10

0.90 0.86 0.80

Tublc capacity

"See section tilled, "Pressure Drop Considcrations:• Chapter 3, 1990 ASHRAE Hondbook- Refrigerotion.

u.e

1.18

1.26

'

-

- - - - 1

- - - -1 :;!

~

~ ~

:;I

l '=" ::..~- .~ 1~--ª

\ ¡~g~~~~o \~J

Refrigerant Suction, Oischarge and Liquid Line Capacities for lntermediate or L-Ow Stage Outy (Tons) for Refrigeraot 22 Rcfrlgerant and t.J Equlvalent of .frlction Dropª

Line Slze l)'peL Copper

00

Suctlon Lines Saturated Suction Temperature, "F

- 90 - 80 - 70 -60

-SO

-40

- 30

Olscharge Unes1

1/2

518

g:

Refrigeran! 22

718 1-118 1-3/ 8 1-S/ 8 2-1/8

2 º F Al ptr 100 ft equivalen! length

2-518 3-118 3-S/ 8 4-1/8

S-1 18 6-118

0 . 18 0 .36 0 .6 1.0 2.1 3.8 6.1 9.1 12.9 23.2 37 .s

0 .25

O.S I 0 .9 1.4 3.0

S.3 8.S 12.7 18.0 32.3 52.1

0.34 0.70 1.2 1.9 4.1 7.2 11.6 17.3 24.S 4f-9 7

.o

0 .46 0.94 1.6 2.6

s.s 9.7

15.S 23.1 32.7 58.7 94.6

0.61 1.2 2.2 3.4 7.2 12.7 2-0.4 30.4 43.0 77.1 124.2

0.79 1.6 2 .8 4.S 9.3 16.5 26.4 39.4

SS.6 99.8

160.S

'oJes:

(1) Value:S in this ~le are tons of refrige:ration resulting in a line friction drop pcr 100 rt of equivaleot pipe length corrc:sponding io thc change in saturation temperature indicated under the refrigerant desígnation. (2) Values based on OºF condensing temperature. For capacities at other condensing temperatures, multiply table value by values from the table below. Ton mass flow rates for discbarge lines based on - 50 evap.

~

Condensing Temp.., ºF

Su~on

Discharge

- 30

1.12

0.55 0.70 O.SS 1.00 1.25

Refrigeran! 12

-20

1.07

-10

1.03 1.00 0.96 0.93 0.90

o

·10 20 30

t.SO l.SO

Refrigerant 22

S.1

0.7 1.9 3.8 6.6 10.S

11.9 21.1 33.8 S0.2 70.9 126.9 204.2

21.7 38.4 61.4 91.2 128.6 229.S 369.4

1.0 2. 1 3.6

Line Slze 1)'pe L Copper

U quid

00

Unes•

1/2 S/ 8 7/8 1-118 1-3/ 8

1-S/ 8 2- 118 2-S/8 3- 1/8 3-S/ 8 4-118

Scc Table, pp. 78-79

S-118 6-118

(3) For olher Al's and Equivaleot Leogths, L,, Line capacity (tons) = Table L, Actual Át loss desired) Table tons ( Actual L, x Table Át loss

º·"

(4) For other Tons and Equivalent Lengths in a given pipe size,

At = Table Á.t (Actual L,) Table L,

(Actual Tons) 1.a Table Tons

Suction Discharge

1.09 1.06 1.03 1.00 0.97 0.94 0.90

0.58 0.71 O.SS 1.00 1.20 1.45 1.SO

(5) For pressurc drop {ps!)corresponding to Á.t, refer to Rcfrigerant thcrmodynamic property tables.

• Sce section litled Prcssure Orop Considcrations, Chaptcr 3, 1990 ASHRAE Handbook.

1

.1n ~

-!

1-:- -.. -

~

\ ºª

--...~~

1~~&~$~~0 l~J

Suction Line Capacities in Tons for Refrige.r ant 22 (Single or Higb-Stage Applications) Saluraltd Sucllon Temperalore, ºF Line Si:re -40 -20 o 20 40 'JYpeL Copper, ti/= lºF ti/= O.SºF lll=tºF t.l = O.SºF ti/= lºF t.l = O.SºF lll= lºF ti/= O.SºF ti/=l°F ti/= O.SºF OD Ap = 0.393 Ap = 0.197 Ap = 0.577 Ap = 0.289 Ap = 0.813 Ap = 0.406 Ap = t.104 Ap = 0.552 Ap = t.4SS Ap = 0.727 0,07 112 o.os 0.12 0.08 0.18 0.12 0.27 0.19 0.40 0.27 S/8 0.13 0.09 0.22 O.IS 0.34 0.23 0.S2 0.3S 0.1S O.SI 3/ 4 0.22 O.IS 0.37 0.58 0.39 0.86 O.S9 0.25 1.24 0.85 7/8 0.35 0.24 0.58 0.40 0.91 0.62 1.37 0.93 1.97 1.35 1-118 0.72 0-49 1.19 0.81 1.86 1.27 1.90 3.99 2.74 2.77 1-3/ 8 1.27 0.86 1.42 3.2S 2.22 4.84 2.09 3.32 6.96 4.78 1-5/8 2.02 1.38 3.31 2.26 S.16 3.S3 7.67 5.26 11.00 1.S1 4.21 2-1/8 2.88 6.90 4.73 10.71 1.3S 15.92 10.96 22.81 15.73 2-5/8 7.48 S.13 12.23 8.39 18.97 13.04 28.19 19.40 40.38 27.84 11.99 3-1/8 19.55 8.22 13.43 30.31 20.85 44.93 31.00 44.44 64.30 3-518 17.89 12.26 20.00 45.09 29.13 31.03 66.81 46.11 95.68 66.09 4-1/8 25.2917.36 41.17 28.26 63.71 43.85 94.2S 65.12 134.81 93.22

(D 1\)

Steel IPS ~ 3/ 8 1/2 3/ 4 1 1·1/4 1-1/2 ~ 2 2:112 3 4

10

80 80 80 80 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40

12

ID

5

6 8

-

0.06 0.12 0.27 0.52 1.38 2.~

4.03 6.43 11.38 23.24 42.04 68.04 139.48 252.38 403.63

0.04 0.08 0.18 0.36 0.96 1.45 2.81 4.49 7.97 16.30 29.50 47.86 98.06 177.75 284.69

0.10 0.19 0.43 0.84 2.21 3.32 6.41 10.23 18.11 36.98 66.73 108.14 221.17 400.53 639.74

0.07 0.13 0.30 0.59 !.SS 2.33 4.51 7.19 12.74 26.02 47.05 76.15 15S.78 282.05 451.09

O.IS 0.29 0.6S 1.28 3.37 5.0S 9.74 15.56 27.47 56.12 101.16 163.77 334.94 606.74 969.02

0.10 0.20 0.46 0.89 2.36 3.55 6.85 10.93 19.34 39.49 71.27 115.21 236.21 427.75 683.22

0.21 0.42 0.9S 1.87 4.91 7.38 14.22 22.65 40.10 81.73 147.36 238.29 488.05 881.59 1410.30

O.IS 0.30 0.67 1.31 3.45 S.19 10.01 J5.9S 28.23 S1.S3 103.82 168.07 344.19 622.51 995.80

0.30 0.60 1.35 2.64 6.93 10.42 20.07 31.99 56.52 115.24 207.59 335.71 686.71 1243.64 1987.29

0.21 0.42 0.95 1.86 4.88 7.33 14.14 22.53 39.79 81.21 146.38 236.70 484.74 876.79 1402.63

,.¡

J_ - ~ --~1.:i¡

1. ~

1

1-i!: -!::!S!=>??!=' ~~~Ña

[

!l ñº

i2

?!=' ..... QQ

........

? I ....... ~~

00000

~~i5;:;e:

P?PP ...., -

-

=

o

U.VI-O\

Q.

b.

...o ºI ir> = ~¡¡ ~ o

'A

3

~

1;1}

~·

o

..

.. ..~

~!

...co -:;"

o

~

c..

=-~

a.~

.,ir

~

o.

Oq:s

'8

:'

g

;,, o n ~no

""'O :::" -.!"'

~~

=10 ~ ~ ;g

'to

;:;¡ ;::.·

a" 'O

e.-g

3 Ol

o

s.-~~'tl~a-n V :;; :l. " :l. • N :2'" ...,:r ~

1'1 - .

¡;¡"

.,., .... , "' _

n ., ., ...,

~

':

ºI,..=-' " ~;;"' . . !l1:1 º ~-~ :=. ""' ~

~..?"

=¡]~

~ ca

.,,

./:" .,"'

Thennal Reslstances of Plane Air Spaces, ºF • ft1 • h/Btu

Ttm ºI

1

~

1 1

1

1

1

3.5-in. Air S Positlon Olrttllon Mt11n Ttmp. 0.75-ln. Alr Spacc or Alr of Ht111 Tcm¡. Oiff., Elfectlve Emittanc:é Elfectlve Emitt Sp1c:e Flow ºF 0.82 0.2 ºFº 0.2 o. 90 10 1.61 0.75 1.83 30 1.3S 0.77 l.S8 10 1.70 0.87 1.9S Horiz. Up o 20 l.S2 0.93 1.79 o 10 1.78 1.02 2.07 20 l.SS 1.07 J.86 10 1.84 1.20 2.18

so so

- so so

90 4S º SIo pe

so so

Up

o o

- so - so

90 Vert.

so so

Horii.

o o

- so - so

90

4S º

Slopc

Down

so so o o - so - so

1.88 1.52 2.00 1.72 2.08 1.76 2.10

0.81 0.82 0.94 1.00 1.12 1.16 1.30

1.97 1.67 2.10 1.90 2.23 1.97 2.33

10 30 10 20 10 20 10

2.08 2.01

2.15 1.89 2.32 2.17 2.SO 2.30 2.67

0.8! 0.91 1.01

2.32 2.64 2.36 2.87

0.84 0.94 1.01 1.18 1.26 1.39 1.56

10 30 10 20 10 20 10

2.10 2.24 2.40 2.63 2.81 2.90 3.22

0.84 0.99 1.02 1.26 1.30 l.S7 1.66

2.49 2.28 2.73 2.66 3.02 2.90 3.31

0.90

90

- so - so

92

l

i

...

!)

,,"

.!! &>

e

e

~

o

CI.

"' ~

...

1.00 1.08 1.21 l.~

l.Sl 1.68

~~ ...;º

.. i 1 ...... '!..

;; .!!

~¿

°'dd_,... .,...,

N

d .,.. .... o

ºº

...

00 N

cid

2

_..., .,...,

....

00

00

o

~~

~

5~

·e ~ i= e!~

<

:::!'.:!

~

]

l 1

... ..

::: 5

00

~~

¿

5~

00

~~

'1

lt ~

.,

e ..

CI

U-O

1

= <

fl

o

1.21 1.37

..

!

~

1

i:

= a= !:! " ¡¡

1.U

1

:'E

~

~

10 2.10 O.SS 3.41 30 2.38 1.02 3.86 10 2.41 1.02 4.09 Horiz. Down o 20 2.83 1.30 4.87 o 10 2.87 1.31 S.08 20 3.36 1.69 6.02 10 3.42 1.71 6.36 1 lntcrpol11ion is pcrmissible for othcr valucs of mean 1emperuurc, lctnpen diffcrcncc, and cffectivc cmi11ancc fefJ· lntcrpolalion and modcratc extrapola for air spaces ¡rc11cr 1han 3.S in. are also pcrmissible. . bEffcctivceminanccf~ffº'1~airspaccbaivcnbyl/E

Q)

Cak:itic, dolomitic, limcstooe, rnarblc. and ¡ranitc

(k), Blu ·In

h·rt1·°F

Conductancc Per lnc.h For Tblcknas Spttlfk (C), Thidmas (l/ k), Usted (VC), Hea1, Btu ºF· rt1 • b ºF • ft 1 • b _.!!!.._ h·fr·ºF B1u ·1n Btu lb · ºF

0.38-0.44 0.11-0. 16 0.17 180 140 180 140 100

Gypsum partition tilc 3 by 12 by 30 in ., solid . . ...... .. .. ........ . 3 by 12 bf30 in., 4 oclls ..... .. .. . ... ...... . 4 by 12 by 30 in., 3 cclls .. . .. . ....... ..... . .

72 24 30

2.6-2.3 9.2-6.3 5.8 0 .01 0 .04

16

0.03 0.06

8

0. 13 0.79 0.74 0.60

1.26 1.35 1.67

0.19

Concretes Sand and gravel or stonc aggrcgate Llmestonc concretes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

140 140

120 Gypsum-fibcr c:oncrcrc (87.5"1t gypsum, 12.Sl!'t wood chips) Expandcd shalc, clay, or slatc; expandcd sla¡s; cindcrs; pumice (with density up to 100 bl/fl>; and scoria (sandcd concretes have conductivi1ics in thc higher end of thc range) . ...... .....•.•.

0.IJ-0.06 0.09

9.0-18.0 11.1 7.9

0 .19-0.24

0 .13

S1

120

100

80 60

Pcrlite, vermiculitc, and polystyrcne bcads ..... .

40 20

Foam c:ooactcs ............. .. ................

100

6.4-9.1 4.7-ó.2 3.3-4.1 2.1 -2.s 1.4-1.S 0 .8

0.20 0 .20

0.15-0.23

4.1

__ .

SIDING M.ATERI.ALS (on fla t surfaa)

¡g

Shingles

l.IS 0.84 0.71

0.87 l.19 1.40

0.31 0.28 0 .31

Siding

6.50

O. IS

1.59

1.46 0.67 0.79 0.81 l.OS 0.59

0.35 0 .35 0.28 0 .28 0 .28 0.28 0 .29

1.61 0.55

0.61 J.82

0.29 0 .32

Wood, 16 in., 1.S exposure ...... .. ... ....... . Wood, doublc, 16-in., 12-in. exposurc .. . ...... . Wood, plll$ insul. backer board, 0.3125 in...... . Asphall roU siding ......................... . l\sphalt insulaúng siding (0.S in. bcd.) ......... . Hardboard siding, 0 .4375 in..... . ............ . Wood, drop, 1 by 8 in. . . .... . . ............. . Wood, bcvcl, O.S by 8 in., lapped .... .. ....... . Wood, bevel, 0.75 by 10 in., lapped ........... . Wood, plywood, 0 .375 in., lapped .. ....•... • . . Aluminum or Stccl, OVl'f sheatbing Hollow-backcd . .... . .. ... .. ... ...... . ... . lnsulating-board backcd nom. 0.375 in....... . foil backed ........... .. ........... . ... . .

0.69 1.49 1.27 1.23

0.95

0.34

2.96

,

\'

1.g

;l

Typical Thermal Properties of Common Building and Insulating ~terials-Design Values (Concluded) Resistance (R)

Coaductivlly Coaductance Per lacll For Thickuess Specific (k), (C). Thickness (l/k), Usted (l/C), Heat, °F· fl1 •11 Btu Btu·ia Btu °F·rt2·11 h • ft1 • ºF h • ffl •ºF Btu •in Btu lb ·ºF

Dem17. lb/ ft

Oescriptlon

---

--

0.21 Architectural (50da·lime float) gla5s ..... • ... •.. . 158 6.9 0.39 Hardwoods 38-42 1.06-1.22 0.94-0.87 0.39 22-41 0.68-1.12 1.48--0.89 Softwoods Valucs are for a mean temperarure of 15 ºF. Represeowivc valucs for dry materia Is are intend«I as dcsign (nat specification) values for materials in normal use. Tbennal valucs or insulai.ing matcrials may differ from dcsign valucs dcpendi111 on lheír in-situ propertics (e.g., demity and moiJture oonrenl, orientation, etc.) and variabilicy eicperienced during manufacture.

8

l'ypical Thermal Condoctivlty for Industrial lasoJatioos-Design VaJoes ºF

lb/ ft

2200

4

-100

-15

25

75

JOO

200

300

~

_

;

_

.

:

.

_

;

.

.

;

_

_

_

,

~

.

-

.

~

,

~

m

c

_Conducfüity _ _ __.:.._ k in_ Btu _• _ ln/b_ • ft1 _•_ ºF at _Mean _ _Temp., _ ºF TíMax. ~~!~ 'JYpical Material

700

900

0.S9

0.74

BLANJCETS AND FELTS Aluminosilcate Fiber, 3 µ.m dia. Mineral Fiber (rock, slag, or glass) Blanket ~metal reinforccd Blanket, flexible, fine·fiber organic bonded

Mqo•

850/o Calcium Silicate Cellular Olass Diatomaceous Silica Mineral Fiber (Glass) Or¡anic bonded, block, and boards Pipe insulation, slag, or ¡lass lnorganic bonded block Pipe insulation, slag, or glass Rigid Polyscyrcm Extruded (R·l2 exp.)(smooth slcin suríace) Molde

00

¡;;

o

UI

ooooé-

o

.:::

..

"' ,; -g l" ~ 8 ·= ~ o :e ~"'o.:! cfcf z 0

·=

~

...'9

?:Ji

j

S1 65 68 66 71 69

§~$

.,~

§·-

j

~

·¡l¡

dE .i} -

.¡ H 1~·i ~b ~~~

.!<

li

~;: g :2 .!! ·5 c:c:.w

76 64

S6 36 69 S1 62 37 39 42 38 38 41 46 42 37 34 SS 43 42 43

80

• "'l

"-_¿e

68

77

z..~ g~c

~

90

80

0

ª11~~~~!~~

71 81 85

:o;¡~

11!

~ .e

a

f~

i ee :_~·ti .. " ] ] ~ ~ ij loo el" =;11 "' 1 o j ~ ~ ªi:~ i ~:a

1j~ ~¡¡!.E.E~~=]] ~"'~~ll~ :JI

~~;~~~

......

(.,)

-~

j

~~

E

~!

j1

~~~~28 OóOQO.:oo

.. je

$>

- .. ~ ~ :i~~~ ií l~~

-

............. ~ "'º'"' 1 .... ,J, ¿,

~G

"'~

1~ ·":; ~!!

N

OOó

~

S6 48 S9 6S

74

~

>'-

~ ~-~88 ~~~ .... - ¿r~~ ~"' 00

o r 1 1 ::;:§

~il

'

~,; ~ ~!~~·=] rl cf

.-"'il.:l

¡~§

N ....

e e~ 8 ... "l

" ·~

~~....

\j

I~

::;¡

"' s:

00

ii..

,,,

.....

E1rth Temptratum, ºF IÍ

~ ~

~

~,;~~~~&&]º 00 z .... "'"'

4.210 17.4 610 17.4 610 11.4 610 17.4

S.4 11.4

7.8 6.6

Summary of Load Sources and Equatlons Cor Calculatlng Space Deslgn Coollng Load

Hi 11 IS.6 .IS.6 10.8 lS.6

Reference, Tibie, ~riptlon

Equatlon

Design hcat transmission coeffi· cients, pp 91-103 Arcas calulated from architectural plans

q • UA(CLTD)

ªReasonable values for use when no site- or soiJ.specific data are available. bModerately conservative valucs for minimum heat loss throu¡ht soil (~f., use hcat eicchan¡er orearib·contact cootin¡ calUQhions). J.A.·

....

cD

Applisntt El«tric, No Hood Reqaiml Blendcr, pcr quan of capacity Cabinet (large hot holding) C'Offcct>rcwcr Coffee brewing urn (large), per quart of capacity Oishwashcr (hood 1ype chemical sanitizina). per 100 dishes/h Dishwuher (conveyor rype water sanitizina). per IOOdishes/h Display~ (refrigcnited). pcr ft1 of interior Food warmer (iofrared bulb), pcr hunp Food warmer (well type), pcr rt1 of well ~(larse)

Criddlc/grill (lar¡e), pcr fl2 or cookina surface Hot plate (high spccd doublc burncr) Ice maker (large) Microwave oven (heavy duty commcrcial) Rotinerie Scrving.'!!!!.(hot), per ft 3 ofwcll Toasier (largc pop-up) Elettrlc, Exbaust Hood Required Charbroiler, per ft2 of cooking surfacc

Siu 1 to4qt 16.210 17.3 ftl 12 cups/2 brnrs

'º 40qt

Mu.

Siandb,,.

IS.SO 7100 5660

llttoJlllllndtd Ratt of u ..1Cal•, 8na/k

Wi.-oDtHood

Wlt.k Hood

StllS.

Lateat

Total

Stasfble

1000 610

S20 340

1520 960 5660

480 290 1810

Qzs~~

~º

~

2130

1420

7IO

2230

680

9SO to 2000 dishes/h

1300

170

370

S40

170

.5000 10 9000 dishcs/h 61067 fl1 1106bulbs 0.7 to 2.S fl 1 73 rtl 4.610 IL8rt2

1160 IS4 8.SO 3620 4S70 9200 16720 3720 8970 10920 20SO 18080

l.SO 62

370

S20 62 8.SO lfiiÍ 1840 960 13240 9320 8970 10920 1020 18080

170

23

2201b/day 0.7 ft1 300 1.8 3.2 ft 1 10 slice

'º

~

-·-

I~

620-

o

o 610

o

~

7810 9320 8970

S430

7200

3720

680 9S90

340 8500

o

o 8.SO

sao

o

340 6240

o o

3480 330 S800

F-~ -lb off~ Oven (lmalleonwctlori), ~ Ransc Cburners). pcr 2 burner section Gas, No Hood Requlred Broiler. pcr ft 2 or broiling area Dbhwasher (hood type chcmical sanitizia¡), pcr 100 dishes/h Dishwashcr (conveyor type water sanitizin¡), per 100 dishes/h Criddlc/grill (large), per fil of cookina surracc: Oven (piUA), per ft2 of hearth Gas, t:xhaust Hood Required Braising pan, per quatl of capacity Charbroiler {large), per rtl of cooking arca ~ fryer {dcc:p fat), per lb of fat capacity CD O•en (convection). per fil of oven spacc: O"en (pizza), per ñ 2 of oven heanh Ranae {burners). per 2 bumer scction Ran1e {hOt top/fry top). pcr rtl of cooldn& surfacc: Srnm Companment stcamer, per lb of food/h Dishwashcr (hood typecbemical sanitizi.01). per 100 disheslh Oishwashcr (con"eyor water sanitizina). pcr 100 dishes/h

2.7 ft2

14710

61

S310

2&60

9SO to 2000 dishcs/h

1740

660b

SIO

200

710

230

5000 10 9000 disbes/b 4.610 11.8 ftl 6.4 to 12.9 ft 2

1370 17000 4740

~ 330 61b

370 1140 620

80

610 220

4SO 17SO 840

140 460 84

IOS to 140QI 4.6 to 11.8 fil ll to701b 7.4 lO 19.4 fil 9.3 to 2.S.8 fil 2 to JOburners 3 toSfll

9840 16440 2270 8670 7240 33600 11800

620 S10 3oob 19b 61b 132.S 330

2430 790 160 2.SO 130 6S90 3390

46to450lb

280

22

14

36

11

95010 2000 disbeslb

31.SO

880

380

1260

410

.5000 to 9000 dishes/h

1180

ISO

370

520

170

•1n casts whtre heat &ain itgivcn pn- unh of clpacHy thc hcac c•in is calculatfd by muhlplying che capacity by tht rtromrncndtd heat 11in pc"r unil of capacity.

bScandby input ra1ing is for che- e:ndre appliance tt11rdlas oí sizc.

Rttommudtd Rut

Ma.x.i_mam lo.pRI

AppliHcr

".....

Sin

6140-15700 3400-34100 340-2050 7500-1.SOOO JOOO 3400-18000 41()().22200 J00.700

Microcompu1cr~proccssor

1150-12500 5800-22500 1570-5800 1725

390042700 1700-6600 460-1700

500-5000 5800-22500 1570-5800

600-3300

600-6600

2000-11300 2000-22500

IOcup

1150.1920 1500

3900-6600 5120

lft 1

-~

----

16-640 kbytes'

Mmicomput~r

Printer (laser) Pnn1er (Lí~ bi¡,h $JlCCd) Tapcdma Terminal

.... o

SOOO.morc pagn/min

Copirn/l)'pewtkn Bluc prinl Cop~ (b.rgc)

30-67' cop1cs/min 6-30' copies/mm

Maffproc:csslng l nscrting machinc 36()().6800 picces/h Labcling machine IS()().30000 picct$/h Mlsecllaneous Cold food/bevcr•a• Coff

-

~~ :e

~= e~ ¡m :::;~

.!!)

1

~

1 ió ~

~

,,r ~

e

~

3

i~~ ~~ e

mol!=

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¡;!.

e:: ~

i

lá

m

~¡

k ~~ /

.... m

-==

¡

"~

... );

~~

~' lU 1 1

1

~8~¡ ~::c

~E

D f1CAl 8 f$ET

OUTDOOll

SCHEDULE HOT WATER

.JltL!L

~

o

180 140

eo

J;J----r-------.

' Affi

RCTURN

QJ s:~~·

l RESE:r

ou1000R1

~ ;> -.____.._J

.---- 1

1

PUMP

1

\

~~ SPACf: TEMPCAA TURC

TAHK

8011..l R

¡__

\

CCl.Jl

EXP

1

+URHEll l

HDT

Load and Zone Control In a Simple llydronlc System

Fan-Powered VAV Terminal Unlt

SUPPLY

DI SCHARGt

AfR

Affi-.=;.........:_

¡, . NC

!"-.....;:::¡::.-.....;::¡;;. HWS SHELLHUBE

J.------..

HE.Al EXCHANOER ~~~~~~~....--(Y CONDEN$ATE

ORHOTWATEll RETURH IGT SPACX TOftllA Ntt

Bypass Fao loduclion Ttrmlnal Unlt

Steam-to-Hot Water Heat Exch anger Control

156

157

HWR

Conversioo Equivaleots

Air·Conditioning Formulas 1 Btu = amount of heat requircd to raise (or lower) temperature of one pound of water 1ºF 1 ton refrigeration

Atmosphcrc

= 12,000 Btu/b = 200 Btu/min

1 watt = 3.412 Btu/h

1 horsepower

= 2545 Btu/h

1 bar

1 lb = 7000 grains

l British thcrmal unlt (lntl. table)

1 ft (head) • 0.433 psi

1 square foot EDR {equiv. dírect radiation)

= 240 Btu

1 boiler horsepowcr = 33,479 Btu/b No. of air changcs {N)

= (60 cfm)/ft2

Sensible heat {Btu/ b) = 1.08 Qt:.t where tJ.t = differcncc between entering and leaving dry-bulb temperature and Q = aírflow rate in cubic fect per minute

=

Latcnt heat (Btu/h) 0.68 Qt:.g where tJ.g • difference in moisture content of entering and leaving air, grains per pound of dry air Water quantity {gpm) required for heating and cooling

=

1 Btu/h 1 Btu/min 1 Btu/h • ít2 • •f celsius 1 centimetre 1 centimelre of mercury (OºC) 1 cin:ular mil 1 cubic foot/min 1 cubic ccntimctre 1 cubic foot

q/500 Álwattr where q • load in Btu/b

=

Chiller capacity (tons) gpm (chilled water) For Air: 1 lb/h = 4.5 Q 1 ton .. Q tJ.h/2670

Fan hp "'

x t:.t (water)/24

1 cubic foot/sec 1 cubic inch 1 cubic metre

cfm x static prcssure (in. w.g.)

- - - - - - " ---.:...._--=...:..

6356 x Efficiency

1 erg Fahrcnhcit 1 foot 1 foot of water (68 º F) 1 foot/min 1 foot-pound

Density of__ air _ x----;.._ Dcnsity of standard air ForWater: 1 lb/h = 500 gpm 1 ton = (gpm) t:.t/24 Pump hp =

gpm x fthead 3960 x Efficiency

158

1 cubic yard

mm of mcn:ury fl of water (4 •q in. of men:ury co•q kg/cm 2 psi kilopascal atmoshpere kilopascal foot-pounds aram-calories joule kilowatt hour watt watt W/(m 2 ·K) S.618 Fahrenheit (1.8ºC) + 32 inches 0.3937 feet of water 0.4460 pounds/sq in. 0.1934 square mils 0.7854 5.051 X 10- • squaremm litres per second 0.472 cubic inches 0.06102 gallo ns 7.481 cubic inchcs 1728 cuble metre 0.02832 litres 28.32 ¡allons/min 448.8 cubic cm 16.387 litres 0.016387 cubic feet 35.31 cubic yards 1.308 gallons 264.2 litres 1000.0 cubic fect 27.0 cubic mctre 0.7639 dync·cm 1.0 cclsius (f' - 32)/l.8 mctrc 0.3048 lb/sq in. 0.4335 miles pcr hour 0.01136 4 cm-¡ram 1.383 X 10 joule 1.356

760 33.91 29.92 1.0333 14.696 101.325 0.9869 100 778.2 252.0 1055 2.930 X 10- • 0.2931 17.58

x Specific Oravity

159

Conversion EquJvalents l gallen

1 grain/U.S. gal 1 gram 1 ¡ram-calorie 1 horscpower

1 horsepower (boiler) 1 horscpower-hour 1 inch 1 inch of mercury (32.F)

1 inch of water (OºC) 1 joule

231.0 cubic inches 3.785 litre 8.346 lb of water (68ºF) 17.118 parts per million 0.3527 cunee (avdp) 2.205 X 10 J pound 3.969 X 10 .J Btu 1.163 X 10 J wau-hour 42.41 Btu/min 33000 ft·lb/min 550 ít-lb/scc 0.7457 kilowatt 34.5 lb stcam at 212 ºF 33476 Btu/h 2545 Btu 0.7457 kilowau-hour 25.40 millimmcs 1.133 fcct of water 0.4912 lb/sq in. (psi) 0.03453 k¡/cm 2 3.386 kilopascal 0.07361 inchcs of mercury 0.03613 lb/sq in. 4 9.480 X J0 Btu 0.7376 foot·pound 2.389 X 10 k¡-calories 2.788 X 10 wau-hour 2.205 pounds 0.9678 atmosphere 32.81 fcet of water 28.96 inches of mercury 98 .07 kilopascal 3.968 Btu 3088 foot·pound 4186.8 joule 3281 fcct 0.6214 miles 54.68 fcct/min 56.89 Btu/min 1.341 horscpower 34¡j Btu 3.6 X 106 joule 860 kilogram-calories

•

1 kilo¡ram 1 kilogram/sq cm

1 kilogram-calorie

1 kilometrc 1 kilomctrc/hr 1 kilowau 1 kilowatt·hour

•

Converslon EquivaJents 1000 61.02

litre

0.2~-

litre per sccond lumen/sq ít metre

micron mile (nautical) (U.S. statute) mile per hour milligram millímetre !mil

t minute (anglc) 1 newton pcr SQ metre 1 ouncc 1 cunee (Ouid) 1 pint (liquid)

1 poisc 1 pound (mass) 1 pound (force) 1 pound of water (4ºC) 1 pound/sq in. (psi)

1 quart (U.S. liquíd)

160

f.057 2.119 15.852 1.0 10.76 3.281 39.37 1.094 1.0 6080 1852 5280 1609 88.0 0.447 0.01543 0.03937 39.37 l 25.4 2.54 X 100.001 0.01667 60.0 1.0 28.35 0.0625 1.805 0.02957 473.2 28.87 0.4732 0.1 7000 • 0.4536 4.448 0.01602 27.68 - 0.1200 2'.307 2.036 6.895 703.1 57.75 0.9464

161

cubiccm cubic inches gallons quarts cfm gpm (gal/min) rootcandle lm/m 2 reet in ches yards micrometre rcet metre fcct metre fcct/min metre pcr scc ¡rains inches mil micrometre centimetre inches de¡rees scconds (angle) pascal gnm pound cubic inches litre cubiccm cubic inches

litre pascal· sccond ¡rains kilo¡ram newton cubic feet cubic inches gallo ns fcei of water inchcs of mercury kilopascal kg/m 2 cubic inchcs litre

Conversion Equivalents 1 radian 1 revolution/min

1 slug 1 squarc ccntimctre 1square foot

1 squarc inch

57.30 6.0 0.1047 14.59 32.17 0.1550 144.0 0.09290 6.452 106

1squarc mctrc 1 squarc millimetre 1 square yard

tcmpcrature: Kelvin Rankine 1 ton (long, 224-0 lb) 1 ton (short, 2000 lb) 1 ton (rcfrigeration) l tonne (metric ton) 1 torr 1 watt 1 watt-second 1 yard

10.764 1.1960 0.001550 9 0.8361

dc¡rces degrecs/sec radians/scc kilogrom pounds square inches sq inchcs sq mctre sqcm sq mils sq n sq yards sq inches sq fcct sq metrc

Celsius + 273.15 • Fahrenheit + 459.67 1016

907.2 12,000 3.517 1000 2205

1.0 133.3 3.412 0.8598 1.0

0.9144

kilogram kilo¡ram Btu/h kilowatt kilogram pounds mm Hg(OºC) pascal Btu/h kg-caloric per hour joule mc1rc

Air (stt also Contaminants) conditioning formulas, 158 dcnsity, 13 enthalpy, 14-15 íilters, 8-21 friction charts, 1·3 moisture relationships, 12 psychrometric chart, 11 qualily standards, 17

I NDEX friction charts, 1-3 velocity vs. vclocity pressurc, 4

Air spaccs emittances, 91 thermal resistance. 92 Air velocity capture. 22 desi¡n, 7-8 exhaust contours, 23 prcssure. 4 Ammonia line capacities, 86-89 thermodynamic propcrties, 74-77 Conductivity building materials, 94-100 insulation, 94-101 soils, 106 Contaminants (see a/so Filters, Hoods) quality standards, 11 sourccs. 20 transpon vclocitics, 24 Control schcma.tics, 152-157 Conversion factors, 159-162 Coollng load check valucs, 128-129 CLTD values, 108-112 equations. 107 glass, sunlit, 113-114 shading cocfficients, 115 Costs life cycle. 142 maintenance. 144 owning and operatiog, 14-0·141 Ouct circular equivaleots of, 5-6

162

Electrical (see also Motors) • conductors, ampacity, 130-131 formulas, 135 Engines, 136 Equipment costs, 140-144 noise from, 148 service life. 143 Fan laws, 9-10 sound powcr lcvcls, 147 Filters absorbers, 21 dcsign velocity, 7-8 electronic, 18 performance, 19 Fittings. for HVAC applications, 56-51 Formulas air conditioning, 158 cooling load, 107 electrical, 118 water now for hcating/cooling, 41 Frlction charts air, 1-3 water, 47-49 Fuel oil data, 138-139 Gas pipe sizing, 137 Glycols, freezing point of, 40 Heat gains hospital equipmcnt, 121 motors, elcctric, 122 offite equipment, 120 pcople, 117 restaurant equipmcnt, 118-119 Heat transmission coefficients air spaccs, 92 building matcrials, 94-100 fcnestration, 93

163

INDEX insulation, building, 94-100 insulation, industrial , 100-101 metal buildin¡s, 102-103 surfacc conductanccs, 91 Hoods (set a/so Contaminants) capture vcloclties, 22 entry losscs, 2S kitchcn range, 26-27 laboratory, 28 lnsulation air spaces, 92 thermal values for, 94-101 under¡round piping, 104 Lou vers, 7-8 Mo1ors characterislics, 132-133 full-load amperes, 134 hea1 aain from, 122 Noise acccptablc levels, 145 attcnuators, 149 cquipment, 148 fans, 147 RC curves, 146 Pipe applications, S6-S1 copper, S2-S3 expansion, thcrmal, S8 friction loss, water, 47-49 fucl oíl, 139 gas, 137 hangers, .S9 insulation, 104 plastic, S4-SS rcfrigcrant capacitíes, 78-90 stcam capacity, 35-38 steel, SO·SI volume of waier in, 44 Pollu1an1s (.rtt Contaminants) Pump affini1y laws, 30-31 curves, 32-34 terms, 29

Psychrometric chart, 11 Refrigerant linc capacitics R-22, 18-8S R-717 (ammonia), 86-89 R-134a, 90 1hermodynamic properties R·ll, 62 R-12, 63 R-22, 64-67 R-123, 68 R-134a. 69·72 R-S02, 73 R-717 (ammonia), 74-77 Refrigcratcd display ítxturcs, 116 R-Values, 91-101 Soil 1emperatures, JOS thermal conductivity, 106 Solar collector data, 60·61 Sound (set Noisc) Stcam now rate for hcating/cooliag, .. 41 pipe capacitics, 3.S-38 table. 16 Thnks. cylindrical capacity of horizontal, 43 volume, 42 Thermal properties (ste air, rcfrigcrant, stcam, water) Tube, coppcr, S2-S3 Ventilation rcquircments, 123-126 Vibration isolators, ISO-ISI Water demand, hol, 4S-46 mass ílow vs. tcmperaturc, 40 pipe sizing, 47-49 pumps, 29·34 speci fic heat, 40 visc:osity, 39 volumc in pipe, 44 Weathcr design factors, 127

164