ASAE S313.3 Soil Cone Penetrometer

ASAE S313.3 FEB04 Soil Cone Penetrometer

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ASABE is a professional and technical organization, of members worldwide, who are dedicated to advancement of engineering applicable to agricultural, food, and biological systems. ASABE Standards are consensus documents developed and adopted by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers to meet standardization needs within the scope of the Society; principally agricultural agricultural field equipment, equipment, farmstead equipment, equipment, structures, structures, soil and water resource management, turf and landscape landscape equipment, forest engineering, engineering, food and process engineering, electric electric power applications, applications, plant and animal animal environment, environment, and waste management. management. ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data are informational and advisory only. Their use by anyone engaged in industry or trade is entirely voluntary. The ASABE assumes no responsibility for results attributable to the application of ASABE Standards, Standards, Engineering Engineering Practices, and Data. Conformity Conformity does not ensure compliance compliance with applicable applicable ordinances, laws and regulations. regulations. Prospective Prospective users are responsible for protecting protecting themselves themselves against liability liability for infringement infringement of patents. patents. NOTE:

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ASAE S313.3 FEB04

Soil Cone Penetrometer Proposed Propos ed by the AS ASAE AE Cul Cultur tural al Pra Practi ctices ces Equ Equipm ipment ent Com Commit mittee;  tee;  approv app roved ed by the ASA ASAE E Pow Power er and Mac Machin hinery ery Div Divisi ision on Tech echnica nical l  Committee; adopted by ASAE as a recommendation December 1968;  revised February 1971; reconfirmed December 1975; reclassified as a  Standar Sta ndardd Dec Decemb ember er 197 1978; 8; rec reconfi onfirme rmedd Dec Decemb ember er 1980 1980;; rev revised  ised  February Febru ary 1985; revised editor editorially ially and reconfir reconfirmed med December 1989;  reaffirmed reaffir med Decem December ber 1994; revised Februa February ry 1999; reaffirmed February  2004.

1 Purpose and scope Thee so soilil co cone ne pe pene netro trome mete terr (fig (figur uree 1) is re reco comm mmen ende dedd as a 1.1 Th measuring device to provide a standard uniform method of characterizing the penetration resistance of soils. The force required to press the 30deg circular cone through the soil, expressed in kilopascals, is an index of soil strength called the cone index . 1.2 The Standard is intended for the following purposes: 1.2.1 To provide a common method of constructing a device capable of measuring general soil mechanical conditions that facilitates the reporting and interpretation of soil data by different research workers. 1.2.2 To assist those who work with different soils and soil conditions and who need a measure of soil mechanical properties for comparative purposes. 1.2.3 To provide a common system of characterizing soil properties from whic wh ichh it ma mayy be po poss ssib ible le to dev devel elop op pe perf rform orman ance ce an andd pr pred edic ictio tionn relationships. 1.3 The Standard serves only as a means of constructing a device to measure soil resistance to penetration, and does not provide specific soil values such as cohesion, angle of friction or coefficient of soil-metal friction. fricti on. Since the measu measured red results are influenced by the method of use, users should refer to ASAE EP542.

2 Normative references The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revisi revision, on, and partie par tiess to agr agreem eement entss base basedd on this Standard Standard are enco encoura uraged ged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard standa rd indicat indicated ed below below.. Standa Standards rds organi organizations zations maintain registers of currently curren tly valid standards. ASAE AS AE EP EP542 542 FEB FEB99, 99, Pro Procedu cedures res for Usi Using ng and Rep Report orting ing Dat Data  a  Obtained with the Soil Cone Penetrometer 

3 Definitions 30-deg eg cir circula cularr sta stainl inless ess ste steel el con conee wit withh 3.1 cone penetrome penetrometer: ter: A 30-d driving shaft as defined in figure 1. In common terminology, the term cone penetrometer  is often used to refer to the entire test apparatus,

Figure 1 – Soil cone penetrometer

4 Test apparatus and procedure 4.1 The hand-operated soil cone penetrometer shown in figure 1 has a cone co ne an andd a gr gradu aduat ated ed dr driv iving ing sh shaft aft.. Two con conee bas basee siz sizes es are recommended recom mended:: 323 mm2, 20 20.27 .27 mm di diam amet eter er (0 (0.5 .5 in in..2, 0. 0.79 7988 in in.. diameter) with 15.88 mm (0.625 in.) diameter shaft for soft soils (figure 1a); and 130 mm2, 12.83 mm diameter diameter (0.2 in.2, 0.505 in. diameter) with 9.53 mm (0.375 in.) diameter shaft for hard soils (figure 1b). American Iron and Steel Institute, AISI 416 stainless steel, machined to a smooth finish 1.6 µm (63 µin.) maximum is recommended as a suitable initial cone finish. The 129 mm2 (0.2 in.2) base area cone is suitable for handoperated instruments on hard soil if the shaft does not exceed a length of 457 mm (18 in.). On extremely hard soils, a mechanically driven 323 mm2 (0.5 in.2) base area cone is suitable because of the stronger drivingg shaft. The overall form of the penetro drivin penetrometer meter equipment equipment is not part of this Standard. Graduations on the driving shaft are 25.4 mm (1.0 in.) apart and are used to identify depth on hand-operated devices. The measuri mea suring ng dev device ice of han hand-op d-opera erated ted uni units ts shou should ld have a con conee inde indexx capacity of approximately 2 MPa (290 psi) for the 320 mm2 (0.5 in.2) basee are bas areaa pene penetro tromet meters ers and not exceed exceed 5 MPa (725 psi) for the 129 mm2 (0.2 in.2) base area penetrometers in order to be suitable for mostt agr mos agricu icultur ltural al soil condition conditions. s. A dir direct ect rea readout dout of con conee ind index ex is desirable. This Standard specifies two cone sizes. Nonstandard data should be reported but should be accompanied by a description of the nonstandard nonstan dard penetrometer penetrometer and its method of use. In very soft soils when operating at great depths, care should be taken so the shaft does not drag. dra g. A sma smaller ller diameter diameter shaft may be nece necessa ssary ry in som somee cas cases. es. Penetrometer cones should be replaced when the base diameter wear exceeds 3% and therefore affects the cone index by 5%. A 1.5 mm (0.06

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Record ording ing and mec mechan hanize izedd pen penetr etrome ometer terss may hav havee dif differ ferent ent 4.2 Rec overall forms, but the cone and size of driving shaft should conform to this Standard. The operating speed should conform to that recommended in ASAE EP542.

4.3 The procedures for recording and reporting the data obtained with the soil cone penetrometer are addressed in ASAE EP542.