AS NZS 1252-1996
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AS/NZS 1252:1996 High High strength steel bolts bolts with associated nuts and and washers for structural engineering
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AS/NZS 1252:1996
Australian/Ne Australian/New w Zealand Standard Standard�
. d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n
High-strength steel bolts with associated nuts and washers for structural engineering
AS/NZS 1252:1996
Australian/Ne Australian/New w Zealand Standard Standard�
. d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t d e s n e c i L
High-strength steel bolts with associated nuts and washers for structural engineering
AS/NZS 1252:1996 This This Joint Joint Australian Australian/New /New Zealand Zealand Standard Standard was prepared prepared by Joint Joint Techn Technical ical Committee Committee ME/29, Fasteners. Fasteners. It was approved approved on behalf behalf of the Council Council of St andards andards Australia Australia on 2 April 1996 and on behalf behalf of t he Council Council of St andards andards New Zealand on 11 March 1996. It was published on 5 October 1996.
The following interests are represented on Committee ME/29: Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia Electricity Supply Association of Australia Fasteners Institute of Australia Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries Australia Metal Metal Building P roducts roducts Manufactu Manufacturers rers Association Association Australia Australia Metal Metal Trades Industry Industry Association Association of Australia New Zealand Manufacturers Manufacturers Federation
. d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t d e s n e c i L
To keep keep abreas abreastt of progre progress ss in indust industry ry,, Joint Joint Austra Australia lian/ n/ Review Review of Standard Standards. s. To New Zealand Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary.It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto. Full details of all Joint Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia Australia and Standards Standards New Zealand Catalogue Catalogue of Publications Publications;; this information is supplemented each month by the magazines ‘The Australian Standard’ and ‘Standards New Zealan Zealand’, d’, which which subscr subscribi ibing ng member memberss receiv receive, e, and which which give give detail detailss of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards. Suggestions Suggestions for improvements improvements to Joint Standards, Standards, addressed addressed to the head office of either Standa Standards rds Austra Australia lia or Standa Standards rds New Zealan Zealand, d, are welcom welcomed. ed. Notif Notifica icatio tion n of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 94272.
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AS/NZS 1252:1996
Australian/N Australian/New ew Zealand Zealand Standard�
. d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t d e s n e c i L
High-strength steel bolts with associated nuts and washers for structural engineering
PUBLISHED JOINTLY JOINTLY BY: STANDARDS STANDARDS AUSTRALIA AUSTRALIA 1 The Crescent, Homebush NSW 2140 Australia STANDARDS STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND Level Level 10 , Standards Standards House, House, 155 The Terrace, Terrace, Wellington Wellington 6001 New Zealand ISBN 0 7337 0541 3
AS / NZS 1252:1996
2
PREFACE This This Stand Standard ard was prepa prepared red by the the Join Jointt Stand Standard ardss Austra Australi lia/S a/Sta tand ndard ardss New Zealan Zealand d Committee ME/29 on Fasteners to supersede supersede AS 1252— 1983, High strength steel bolts with associated associated nuts and washers for structural engineering engineering . Major technical changes incorporated in this edition relate to the mechanical properties and testing requirements in order to align with the relevant ISO requirements. Other changes include the following:
. d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t d e s n e c i L
(a)
Updating Updating of reference documents. documents.
(b)
Inclu nclusio sion of a refer referen encce to SAA H SAA H B18 B18.22 .22 /SAN Z HB18. 22 in relation rela tion to a manufactu manufacturer’s rer’s declarati declaration on of conformity conformity.. The Handboo Handbook k contain containss a defin definitio ition n of manufacturer and includes an example of a declaration of conformity which may be provided to a customer.
(c)
Revision Revision of dimensions dimensions to align with ISO requirements.
(d)
Replace Replacement ment of detailed detailed requirements requirements for materials materials,, mechanica mechanicall proper properties ties and test test procedures with reference to separate Standards.
(e)
Modif Modification of hardness requirements for hot-dip hot-dip galvanized galvanized washers. washers.
(f)
Editorial changes changes in accordance accordance with current policy. policy.
The identification marking on a fastener may now include that of a distributor or importer, this being a departure from the previously accepted practice of the marking being that of the fabricator of the product. This Standard is based on and, except for the marking requirements for the nuts and bolts, is technically equivalent to the following ISO Standards for the relevant property class: ISO 4775: 4775:198 1984 4
Hexagon Hexagon nuts nuts for high-streng high-strength th structur structural al boltin bolting g with with large width width across flats—Product grade B—Property classes 8 and 10
7411:1 7411:1984 984
Hexagon bolts for high-strength high-strength structural bolting bolting with large width across flats flats (thread (thread lengths lengths according according to ISO 888)— Product Product grade C — Property Property classes 8.8 8.8 and 10.9
7415:198 7415:1984 4
Plain washers for high-strength high-strength structural bolting, bolting, hardened and tempered tempered
The dimensions of M12 products have not been included because the demand for this size is small. The marking requirements given in AS 1252—1983 have been retained because the use of the letter ‘S’ used in conjunction with the property class symbol could be confused with the snug tight bolting category 8.8/S given in AS 4100—1990, Steel structures . Statements expressed in mandatory terms in notes to tables are deemed to be requirements to this Standard. The The term term ‘inform ‘informati ative ve’’ has has been been used used in this Stand Standard ard to def define ine the applic applicat ation ion of the appendix appendix t o which it applies. applies. An ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and guidance. guidance.
AS / NZS 1252:1996
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CONTENTS Page
SECTION SECTION 1 SCOPE SCOPE AND GENERAL GENERAL 1.1 1.1 SCOPE COPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.2 APPLICA PPLICAT TION . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 REFE REFEREN RENCE CED D DOCUM DOCUMENT ENTS S . 1.4 DEFINITIO EFINITIONS NS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 1.5 MARK ARKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 DESIGNA ESIGNATI TION ON . . . . . . . . . . . .
. d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t d e s n e c i L
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4 4 4 5 5 6
SECTION SECTION 2 HIGH-STRENGTH HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL STEEL BOLTS BOLTS 2.1 METH METHOD OD OF MANUF MANUFACT ACTURE URE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 SHAPE, SHAPE, DIMENSIONS DIMENSIONS AND FINISH FINISH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 MATERIAL MATERIALS S AND MECHANICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTI PROPERTIES ES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 2.4 TEST METH METHODS ODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8 8 9 9
SECTION SECTION 3 HIGH-STRENGTH HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL NUTS 3.1 METHOD METHOD OF OF MANUF MANUFACT ACTURE URE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 SHAPE, SHAPE, DIM DIMEN ENSI SIONS ONS AND FINISH FINISH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 MATERIAL MATERIAL AND MECHAN MECHANICAL ICAL PROPERT PROPERTIES IES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 TEST MET METH HODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 16 17 17
SECTION 4 FLAT ROUND WASHERS WASHERS 4.1 SHAPE, HAPE, DIM DIMEN ENSI SIONS ONS AND FINISH FINISH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.2 MATER MATERIAL IAL AND HEA HEAT T TREA TREATM TMEN ENT T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.3 HARDNES ARDNESS S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 APPENDICES A SUGGESTED SAMPLING SAMPLING PLAN PLAN FOR MECHANICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES PROPERTIES . . . B RECOMMENDED RECOMMENDED GAUG GAUG E AND METHOD FOR CHECKING THE SQUARENESS SQUARENESS OF THE THE THREAD TO THE THE FACE FACE OF THE THE NUT . . . . . . . C ASSEMBL ASSEMBLY TEST FOR COATE COATED D FASTENERS FASTENERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D SQUARE SQUARE TAPER TAPER WASHERS ASHERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Originated in Australia as AS B157 —1960. Previous edition in Australia AS 1252— 1983. Jointly Jointly r evised evised and designated designated AS/NZS 1252:1996. 1252:1996.
. . 22 . . 23 . . 24 . . 25
AS /NZS 1252:1996
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STANDARDS STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND Australian/New Zealand Standard High-strength steel bolts with associated nuts and washers for structural engineering S E C T I O N
1
S CO P E
A N D
G E N E R A L
1.1 SCOPE SCOPE This Standard specifies specifies the dimensional, dimensional, material and marking requirements for steel bolts of property class 8.8 and steel nuts of property class 8 with ISO metric coarse pitch pitch series series threads threads in diam diamete eters rs from 16 mm to 36 mm and associat associated ed harden hardened ed and tempered steel washers intended for use in steel structures. 1.2 1.2 APPLI APPLICAT CATION ION Bolt Bolts, s, nuts nuts and and washers washers shall shall compl comply y with with the the require requiremen ments ts of Section 1 and the following Sections as applicable:
. d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t d e s n e c i L
(a) (a)
Bolt Boltss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sect Sectio ion n 2.
(b) (b)
Nuts Nuts
(c) (c)
Wash ashers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secti Section on 4.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sect Sectio ion n 3.
1.3 1.3 REFER REFERENCED ENCED DOCUMENTS DOCUMENTS The following following document documentss are referred to in this Standard: AS 1014
Gauging of metric screw threads
1214
Hot-dip Hot-dip galvaniz galvanized ed coatings coatings on threaded threaded fastene fasteners rs (ISO metric metric coarse coarse thread thread series)
1275
Metric screw threads for fasteners
1650
Hot-dipped Hot-dipped galvanized galvanized coatings on ferrous articles
1789
Electrop Electroplate lated d coating coatingss —Zinc on iron or steel steel
1815
Metalli Metallicc materials— materials— Rockwell Rockwell hardness hardness test
1817
Metallic Metallic materials — Vickers Vickers hardness hardness test
1897
Electroplated Electroplated coatings coatings on threaded threaded components components (metric coarse series)
AS/NZS 4291 4291.1 4291.2
Mech echanic anical al prop properti erties es of faste fasten ners ers Part 1: Bolts, lts, screws crews and and stu studs Part 2: Nuts Nuts with with spec specif ifie ied d proof proof load load valu values es — Coars Coarsee thread thread
SAA/SNZ HB18 HB18 HB18.22
Guide Guidelin lines es for for third third-pa -party rty certif certifica icatio tion n and and accred accredit itat ation ion Guide Guide 22: 22: Informa Informati tion on on manufa manufactu cturer rers’ s’ decla declarati ration on of conf conformit ormity y with with standards or other technical specifications
ISO 6157 6157 157.1
Fasten asteneers—Surfac rs—Surfacee dis discon contin tinuiti uitiees Part 1: Bolt Bolts, s, scre screws ws and and stud studss for gene general ral requ require ireme ment ntss
SAE J122a 122a
Surface urface disc discon onti tinu nuit itie iess on nuts nuts COPYRIGHT
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1.4 1.4
DEFINIT DEFINITION IONS S
AS / NZS 1252:1996
For the purpose of this Standard, the definitio definitions ns below apply. apply.
1.4.1 1.4.1 Concentrici Concentricity ty tolerance tolerance—of —of a bolt, is the allowable allowable deviat deviation ion of the s hank hank w ith respect to the pitch diameter of the screw thread. 1.4.2 .4.2 Grip len length (l (l g)—of a bolt, bolt, is the minimum minimum thickness thickness of materials materials which can be clamped. 1.4. .4.3
May—indicates ay —indicates the existence of an option.
1.4. 1.4.4 4 Nomin Nominal al lengt length h (l )—of a bolt, bolt, is the distan distance ce from the bearing surface of the head to the extreme end. 1.4.5 .4.5
Shall hall —indicates that a statement is mandatory.
1.4.6 .4.6
Should hould—indicates —indicates a recommendation.
1.4.7 1.4.7
Symmetry Symmetry tolerance tolerance
1.4.7.1 Of a bolt oss-flats dimension with respect to the bolt — the allowable deviation of the acr oss-flats shank or the pitch diameter of the screw thread. 1.4.7.2 Of a nut —the —the allowable deviation of the across-flats dimension with respect to the pitch diameter of the screw thread.
. d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t d e s n e c i L
1.4.8 1.4.8 Thread Thread length length ( b) b)—of a bolt, is the difference between the nominal length of the bolt and the distance between the bearing surface of the head and the nearest face of a 6g GO screw ring gauge, screwed as far as practicable on to the bolt by hand. 1.4.9 1.4.9 Thread Thread runout runout 1.4.9.1 Bolts with rolled distance from the top of the extrusio extrusion n angle angle to the rolled threads threads—the distance nearest face of a 6g GO screw ring gauge, screwed on as far as practicable by hand. 1.4.9.2 Bolts with cut threads threads —the distance from the last witness of thread to the nearest face of a 6g GO screw ring gauge, screwed on as far as practicable by hand. 1.4.10 1.4.10 Tran Transitio sition n diameter diameter ( d d a)—the diameter of a circle formed at the transition between the fillet radius and the bearing surface of the head. 1.4.11 1.4.11 Unthreaded Unthreaded shank shank length length (l s)—of a bolt, bolt, is the distance distance from the bearing bearing surface of the bolt head to the last scratch of thread, or top of the extrusion angle, whichever is closer to the head. 1.5 1.5. 1.5.1 1
MARKING (see Figur Figuree 1.1) 1.1) Bolt Boltss
High-strength steel bolts shall be marked with the following following information: information:
(a)
The property property class class symbol symbol with or without without the the separating separating point point embossed embossed or inde indented nted on top of the head or indented or rolled into one of the hexagon flats.
(b)
Three radial lines approximate approximately ly 120 degrees degrees apart embossed or or indented indented on top top of the head.
(c)
The trade (identification) (identification) mark of of the manufacturer manufacturer embossed or indented indented on top of the the head.
1.5. .5.2
Nuts
High-strength High-strength steel nuts nuts shall be marked with the following following information:
(a)
The property property class symbol indented indented or rolled rolled into a hexagon hexagon flat or the bearing bearing surface, or embossed or indented on the external chamfer.
(b)
Three circumfer circumferentia entiall arcs approxi approximatel mately y 120 120 degrees degrees apart apart embossed embossed or indent indented ed on the non-bearing non-bearing face, or for double-chamfered double-chamfered nuts, nuts, indented indented on one or both bearing bearing faces.
(c)
The The trade trade ( iden identif tifica icati tion on)) mark of the the manuf manufact actur urer er embos embossed sed or inde indent nted ed on an external chamfer or indented on the bearing face. COPYRIGHT
AS /NZS 1252:1996
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1.5. 1.5.3 3 Wash Washers ers Flat round round washers washers for use with with high-streng high-strength th steel steel bolts and nuts nuts for struc structu tural ral engin enginee eerin ring g shall shall be iden identif tifie ied d by the the provi provisi sion on of three three nibs nibs as show shown n in Figure 1.1(c). NOTES:
. d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t d e s n e c i L
1
Manufa Manufacturer cturerss making making a statement statement of compliance compliance with this Australian Australian Standard Standard on a product, product, packagi packaging, ng, or promotional promotional material material related to that product product are advised advised to ensure that such compliance is capable of being verified.
2
Guida Guidanc ncee on the manuf manufact acture urer’s r’s decl declaratio aration n of conform conformity ity with this Standar Standard d is given given in SAA HB18.22 /SA NZ NZ HB18.22.
(a ) B ol t m ar ki ng
(b ) N ut ma rk in g
FIGURE FIGURE 1.1
1.6 1.6
( c) Was he r m ar ki ng
IDENTIFICA IDENTIFICATIO TION N MARKING MARKING
DESIGNA DESIGNATI TION ON
1.6. 1.6.1 1 Bolt Boltss The designation designation of high-strength high-strength steel bolts for structural structural engineering shall be composed of the following: (a)
General General produ product ct desc descrip ripti tion on..
(b)
The number number of this this Joint Joint Australia Australian/New n/New Zealand Zealand Standard, Standard, i.e. i.e. AS/NZS AS/NZS 1252. 1252.
(c)
The The lett letter er ‘M’ ind indica icati ting ng that that the the produ product ct has a metric metric coarse coarse pitch pitch series series thread thread followed by the nominal size (thread diameter), in millimetres.
(d)
The nominal nominal length length,, in millimetre millimetres. s.
(e)
The The proper property ty class class symbo symbol. l.
(f)
The coating coating,, where app applica licable ble in accordan accordance ce with the approp appropriate riate Standa Standard. rd.
(g)
Any other other feature features. s.
Example Examp le :
HotHot-dip dip galvan galvaniz ized ed high high-str -streng ength th steel steel bolts, bolts, 20 mm diame diameter ter and and 100 100 mm long long are designated— High-strength High-strength steel bolts for structural engineering engineering to AS/NZS to AS/NZS 1252 —M20 × 100 100 —8.8 (hot dip galvanized to AS to AS 1214) . 1.6. .6.2 Nuts The designation designation of high-strength high-strength steel nuts for structural structural engineering engineering shall be composed of the following: (a)
General General produ product ct desc descrip ripti tion on..
(b)
The number number of this this Joint Joint Australia Australian/New n/New Zealand Zealand Standard, Standard, i.e. i.e. AS/NZS AS/NZS 1252. 1252.
(c)
The The lett letter er ‘M’ ind indica icati ting ng that that the the prod product uct has a metric coarse coarse pitch pitch series series thread thread followed by the nominal size (thread diameter), in millimetres. COPYRIGHT
7
AS / NZS 1252:1996
(d)
The The property property class class symbo symbol. l.
(e)
The coatin coating, g, where app applica licable, ble, in accordance accordance with with the the appropr appropriate iate Standa Standard. rd.
(f)
Any Any othe otherr feat feature ures. s.
Example Examp le :
Uncoated high-strength steel nuts with 20 mm threads are designated— High strength steel nuts for structural engineering to A S/NZS 1252—M20—8. 1252 —M20—8. 1.6. 1.6.3 3 Wash Washers ers The designation designation of hardened and tempered washers for structural structural bolting shall be composed of the following: (a)
General General produ product ct desc descrip ripti tion on..
(b)
The number number of the the Joint Joint Austral Australian/ ian/New New Zealand Zealand Standard Standard,, i.e. AS/NZS i.e. AS/NZS 1252. 1252.
(c)
The nominal nominal size (nominal (nominal bolt bolt diame diameter), ter), in in millime millimetres. tres.
(d)
The coating coating,, where appl applicabl icable, e, in accorda accordance nce with the approp appropriate riate Standard. Standard.
(e)
Any Any othe otherr feature eatures. s.
Example Examp le : . d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t
20 mm hot-dip hot-dip galvanized hardened and tempered steel washers for structural structural engineering are designated— Steel Steel washers washers for struct structur ural al bolt bolting ing to AS/NZS 1252 —20 (hot-d (hot-dip ip galva galvani nized zed to AS 1650) 1650) . NOTE: Bolts, nuts and washers may be supplied as assemblies.
d e s n e c i L
COPYRIGHT
AS /NZS 1252:1996
8
S E C T I O N
2
H I G H - S T R E N G T H
S T E E L
B OL T S
2.1
METHOD METHOD OF MANUFACTURE MANUFACTURE High-strength High-strength steel bolts bolts shall be be —
(a)
hot hot or cold cold forged forged with or witho without ut seconda secondary ry machini machining ng;; or
(b)
machin machined ed from bar bar stock stock..
2.2
SHAPE, DIMENSIONS DIMENSIONS AND FINISH FINISH
2.2.1 .2.1 Head The heads of high-strength high-strength steel bolts shall be in accordance accordance with Figure 2.1 and Table 2.1. The dimensions given in Table 2.1 apply before hot-dip galvanizing. 2.2.2 .2.2
Length ength
The length of high-strength high-strength steel bolts shall be as as given in Table Table 2.2.
2.2. .2.3 Ends The The ends ends of high high-stre -streng ngth th steel steel bolts bolts shall shall be finis inishe hed d with a 45-de 45-degr gree ee chamfer to a depth slightly exceeding the depth of thread (see Figure 2.1). 2.2. 2.2.4 4
Screw Screw threads threads
2.2.4.1 General The form of of thread, thread, diameters diameters and associated associated pitches of high-strength high-strength steel bolts shall be the ISO coarse pitch series in accordance with AS 1275. . d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t
Screw threads shall be formed by thread rolling or thread cutting. 2.2.4.2 Tolerances with AS with AS 1275.
The screw threads threads shall be made to tolerance tolerance class 6g in accordan accordance ce
Where Where bolts bolts are to be hot-dip hot-dip galvani galvanized, zed, the the 6g tolerance tolerance class applies applies before hot-dip hot-dip galvanizing. 2.2.5 2.2.5 Thread Thread length length ( b) b) as given in Table 2.3.
The nominal nominal thread lengths for high-strength high-strength steel bolts shall be
The tolerances on the thread length shall be such that the grip lengths ( lg ) and unthreaded shank lengths (l s) given in Table 2.2 are maintained. The grip length (l g) shall be determined as the distance between the bearing surface of the head and the nearest face of a 6g GO screw ring gauge, screwed as far as practicable on to the bolt by hand. This dimension applies before hot-dip galvanizing. 2.2.6 2.2.6
Squareness, Squareness, concentricity concentricity and and symme symmetry try
2.2.6.1 Square When dete determin rmined ed as shown shown in Figure Figure 2.2(a), 2.2(a), the Squareness ness of bearing bearing face face When bearing face of the head shall be square, within the values given in Table 2.1, to the shank. The values are based on an angle of two degrees. 2.2.6.2 Concentricity Figure 2.2(b) Concentricity of shank shank to screw thread When determined as shown in Figure the shank for a distance of 1.5 diameters from the nearest face of a 6g GO screw ring gauge screwed as far as practicable on to the thread by hand shall be concentric, within the values given in Table 2.1, to the pitch diameter of the screw thread. 2.2.6.3 Symmetry of head to shank shank When determined determined as shown in Figure Figure 2.2(c), the the head shall be symmetric, within the values given in Table 2.1, to the shank. 2.2.7 2.2.7 Chamferin Chamfering g and and washer washer facing facing High-strength High-strength steel bolts shall have have heads with a chamfer of 15 to 30 degrees on their upper faces. The diameter of the circle formed by this chamfer shall be not less than 90 percent of the minimum width across-flats of the bolts. Bolts shall have a washer face on the the underside of the head (see Figure 2.1). the diameter and depth of washer faces shall be as given in Table 2.1.
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2.2.8 .2.8
AS / NZS 1252:1996
Shank hank
2.2.8.1 Diameter The diamete diameterr (d s) of the shank of high-strength steel bolts shall be as given in Table 2.1. 2.2.8.2 Straightness in Figure 2.3.
High-strength High-strength s teel bolts bolts shall shall be straight straight within the tolerance tolerance shown
2.2.9 2.2.9 Underhead Underhead fillet illet The fille fillett junct junctio ion n of the the head head and and shank shank shall shall be a smoot smooth h concave curve lying within an envelope defined by the minimum radius under the head ( r ) and a maximum profile defined by a tangent to a radius equal to the minimum value of r blend blending ing to the maximum transition transition diamete diameterr on the undersid undersidee of the head and the fillet fillet length (l f ) on the shank as shown in Figure 2.1. The minimum values of r and and the maximum values of l f are given in Table 2.1. 2.2. 2.2.10 10
Finis Finish h
2.2.10.1 General High-strength High-strength steel bolts shall be cleanly finished, finished, sound, and free free from defects detrimental detrimental to their end use. The surface discontinuitie discontinuitiess on high-strength high-strength steel bolts bolts shall be not greater than the limits given in ISO 6157.1. 2.2.10.2 Surface roughness All surfaces surfaces of high-strength high-strength steel bolts, except screw screw threads, threads, may be in the as-forged or machined condition. Screw threads shall be machined or have a surface quality equivalent equivalent to machining. machining. . d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t
2.2.10.3 Surface finish otherwise specified specified,, high-streng high-strength th steel steel bolts bolts shall shall be finish Unless otherwise supplied, supplied, hot-dip hot-dip ga lvanized lvanized in accordance with AS with AS 1214. Uncoated bolts shall be in the dull black as heat-treated condition. 2.2.10.4 Coatings High-stren High-strength gth steel bolts may be s uppli upplied ed with either either decorative decorative or corrosion-resistant corrosion-resistant coatings. coatings. NOTE: Where the purchaser requires requires coated products other than hot-dip galvanized, galvanized, coatings should be specified to the relevant coating specification e.g. AS 1897, and indicated in the enquiry or order.
2.3 MATERI MATERIALS ALS AND MECHANICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIE PROPERTIES S The materials and mechanical mechanical propertie propertiess of high-streng high-strength th steel bolts bolts shall shall be as given given in AS/NZS 4291.1 for property class 8.8. 2.4 TE TEST ST METHO METHODS DS The test methods methods for determini determining ng the mechanical mechanical properties properties of high-strength steel bolts shall be as given in AS/N ZS 4291.1. 4291.1. NOTE: A suggested audit sampling plan is given in Appendix A.
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TABLE TABLE
2.1 2.1
GENERAL DIMENSIONS OF HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL BOLTS millimetres Fillet details ) 1 d e a t e o r N h T e e s (
Pitch
Shank diameter
Width across flats
Width across corners
( d s )
( s) s )
(e)
Washer face dia.
Depth of washer face
( d w)
( c) c )
Height of head
Trans- Radius Fillet ition under length dia. head ( d a)
( r) r)
(l f )
M ax ax.
M in in .
M ax ax .
M in in .
M ax ax .
M in in .
M 16 16
2 .0 .0
1 6. 6. 70 70
15 15. 30 30
27
2 6. 6. 16 16
3 1. 1. 2
29. 56 56
2 4. 9
0.8
0 .4
18. 7
0 .6
3 .0
10 1 0. 75
M 20
2 .5
2 0. 8 4
19. 16
34
3 3. 00
3 9. 26
37. 29
3 1. 4
0.8
0 .4
2 3. 3. 24
0 .8
( M2 2)
2. 2.5
22 22. 84
21. 16
36
3 5. 5. 00
4 1. 6
33. 3
0. 0 .8
0 .4
25 25. 24
38. 0
0 .8
0 .4
42. 8
0. 0 .8
0 .4
(max.) M in in. (max.)
M in in . M ax ax.
(min.) (min.)
Squareness bearing face to shank
( k) k )
p ) ( p)
M ax ax.
Symmetry Concentricity of head to tolerance body (see Note 3) (see Note 3)
(max.) (max.) Max. Max.
Min. Min.
( ma x. )
( ma x. )
( ma x. )
9.2 5
1 .6 8
1.4 0
0.7 6
4 .0
1 3. 40 1 1. 60
2.0 0
1. 1 .6 8
0 .9 0
0 .8
4 .5
1 4. 90 1 3. 10
2.0 0
1 .6 8
1.0 0
27 27. 64
1 .0
5 .0
1 5. 90 1 4. 10
2.0 0
1 .6 8
1.0 4
31 31. 24
1 .2
6 .0
1 7. 90 1 6. 10
2.0 0
1 .6 8
1.2 8
M 24
3 .0
24 2 4. 8 4
23. 16
41
4 0. 00
4 7. 3
( M2 7)
3. 3.0
27 27. 84
26. 16
46
4 5. 5. 00
5 3. 1
39. 55 Actual size 45. 20 across flats 50. 85
M 30
3 .5
30 3 0. 8 4
29. 16
50
4 9. 00
5 7. 7
55. 37
46. 5
0 .8
0 .4
34 34. 24
1 .2
6 .0
1 9. 75 1 7. 65
2.0 0
1 .6 8
1.4 0
M 36
4 .0
37 3 7. 0 0
35. 00
60
5 8. 80
6 9. 3
66. 44
55. 9
0 .8
0 .4
41 41. 00
1 .5
7 .5
2 3. 55 2 1. 45
2.4 0
2 .0 0
1.6 8
NOTES: 1 Threads in parentheses parentheses are non-preferred. non-preferred. 2 For hot-dip galvanized galvanized bolts, the dimensions dimensions apply before galvanizing. galvanizing. 3 Values equal equal to FIM (Full Indicator Indicator Movement). Movement).
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TABL ABLE
2.2 2.2
LENGTH OF HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL BOLTS millimetres Thread Overall length
M1 6
M2 0
(M 22)
M2 4
(M 27)
M3 0
M3 6
Unthreaded Unthreaded shank shank lengths lengths (l ( l s) and grip lengths (l (l g) l s
( l ) Nom Nom. Min.
. d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n
l g
l s
l g
l s
l g
l s
l g
l s
l g
l s
l g
l s
l g
Max. Max. (min.) (max.) (min.) (max.) (min.) (max.) (min.) (max.) (min.) (max.) (min.) (max.) (min.) (max.)
40
3 8 .7 5
4 1 .2 5
8
14
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
45
4 3 .7 5
50
4 8 .7 5
4 6 .2 5
8
14
10
17 .5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
5 1 .2 5
8
14
10
17 .5
11 11
18 .5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
55
53.5
60
58.5
56.5
11
17
10
17 .5
11 11
18 .5
12
21
—
—
—
—
—
—
61.5
16
22
10
17 .5
11 11
18 .5
12
21
—
—
—
—
—
—
65
63.5
66.5
21
27
11.5
19
11
18 .5
12 12
21
13.5
22.5
—
—
—
—
70
68.5
71.5
26
32
16.5
24
12.5
20
12
21
13.5
22.5
15
25 .5
—
—
75
73.5
76.5
31
37
21.5
29
17.5
25
12 12
1 3.5 21 13
22.5
15
25 .5
—
—
80
78.5
81.5
36
42
26.5
34
22.5
30
17
26
13.5
22.5
15
25 .5
—
—
85
8 3 .2 5
8 6 .7 5
41
47
31.5
39
27.5
35
22
31
16
25
15
25 .5
18 18
30
90
8 8 .2 5
9 1 .7 5
46
52
36.5
44
32.5
40
27
36
21
30
15
25 .5
18 18
30
95
9 3 .2 5
9 6 .7 5
51
57
41.5
49
37.5
45
32
41
26
35 18 1 8 .5
29
18 18
30
100
98.2 5 101. 75
56
62
46.5
54
42.5
50
37
46
31
40
23 .5
34
18
110
10 8. 25 111. 75
66 66
72
56.5
64
52.5
60
47
56
41
50
33 .5
44
20 20
120
11 1 1 8. 25 121. 75
76
82
66.5
74
62.5
70
57
66
51
60
43 .5
54
30
42
130
12 8
132
80
86
70.5
78
66.5
74 74
61
70
55
64
47 .5
58
34
46
140
13 8
142
90
96
80.5
88
76.5
84 84
71
80
65
74
57 .5
68
44
56
30 32
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TABL ABLE
2.2 2.2
LENGTH OF HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL BOLTS millimetres Thread Overall length
M1 6
M2 0
(M 22)
M2 4
(M 27)
M3 0
M3 6
Unthreaded Unthreaded shank shank lengths lengths (l ( l s) and grip lengths (l (l g) l s
( l ) Nom Nom. Min.
. d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t d e s n e c i L
l g
l s
l g
l s
l g
l s
l g
l s
l g
l s
l g
l s
l g
Max. Max. (min.) (max.) (min.) (max.) (min.) (max.) (min.) (max.) (min.) (max.) (min.) (max.) (min.) (max.)
40
3 8 .7 5
4 1 .2 5
8
14
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
45
4 3 .7 5
4 6 .2 5
8
14
10
17 .5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
50
4 8 .7 5
5 1 .2 5
8
14
10
17 .5
11 11
18 .5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
55
53.5
56.5
11
17
10
17 .5
11 11
18 .5
12
21
—
—
—
—
—
—
60
58.5
61.5
16
22
10
17 .5
11 11
18 .5
12
21
—
—
—
—
—
—
65
63.5
66.5
21
27
11.5
19
11
18 .5
12 12
21
13.5
22.5
—
—
—
—
70
68.5
71.5
26
32
16.5
24
12.5
20
12
21
13.5
22.5
15
25 .5
—
—
75
73.5
76.5
31
37
21.5
29
17.5
25
12 12
1 3.5 21 13
22.5
15
25 .5
—
—
80
78.5
81.5
36
42
26.5
34
22.5
30
17
26
13.5
22.5
15
25 .5
—
—
85
8 3 .2 5
8 6 .7 5
41
47
31.5
39
27.5
35
22
31
16
25
15
25 .5
18 18
30
90
8 8 .2 5
9 1 .7 5
46
52
36.5
44
32.5
40
27
36
21
30
15
25 .5
18 18
30
95
9 3 .2 5
9 6 .7 5
51
57
41.5
49
37.5
45
32
41
26
35 18 1 8 .5
29
18 18
30
98.2 5 101. 75
56
62
46.5
54
42.5
50
37
46
31
40
23 .5
34
18
100
30
110
10 8. 25 111. 75
66 66
72
56.5
64
52.5
60
47
56
41
50
33 .5
44
20 20
120
11 1 1 8. 25 121. 75
76
82
66.5
74
62.5
70
57
66
51
60
43 .5
54
30
42
130
12 8
132
80
86
70.5
78
66.5
74 74
61
70
55
64
47 .5
58
34
46
140
13 8
142
90
96
80.5
88
76.5
84 84
71
80
65
74
57 .5
68
44
56
150
14 14 8
152
100
10 6
90.5
98
86.5
94 94
81
90
75
84
67 .5
78
54
66
160
15 6
164
—
—
—
—
—
—
91
1 00
85
94
77 .5
88
64
76
170
16 6
174
—
—
—
—
—
—
10 1
110
95
10 4
87 .5
98
74
86
180
17 6
184
—
—
—
—
—
—
11 1
120
10 10 5
11 4
97 .5
10 8
84
96
190
18 18 6
194
—
—
—
—
—
—
12 1
130
11 115
12 4
10 1 0 7. 5
11 8
94
10 6
200
19 19 6
204
—
—
—
—
—
—
13 1
140
12 1 25
13 4
11 1 1 7. 5
12 8
104
11 6
220
21 21 6
224
—
—
—
—
—
—
13 8
147
13 1 32
14 1
12 1 2 4. 5
13 5
111
12 3
240
23 23 6
244
—
—
—
—
—
—
15 8
167
15 1 52
16 1
14 1 4 4. 5
15 5
131
14 3
32
NOTES: 1 Threads Threads in parentheses parentheses are non-preferred. non-preferred. 2 For bolt boltss below below the dotted dotted line— l g = l − b; and l s = l g − 3 p For bolts above the dotted line— l s = 0.5 d ; and l g = l s + 3 p where lg = l = b = ls =
maximum grip length, length, in millimetres nominal length length of bolt, in millimetres millimetres (see Table 2.2) nominal thread thread length, in millimetres minimum unthreade unthreaded d shank shank length, length, in millimetres millimetres
thread, in millimetres millimetres p = pitch of thread, diameter of thread, in millimetres millimetres d = nominal diameter 3 Bolts above above the dotted line have have shortened shortened thread lengths. lengths. 4 The The differen difference ce between between ls (min.) and lg (max.) shall be not less than 1.5 p. 5 Inclusion of the diameter/length combinations given in this table does not necessarily imp ly that these are stock items. The purchaser purchaser should refer to the manufacturer’ manufacturer’ss listings listings for stock availability. availability.
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TABL ABLE
2.3 2.3
NOMINAL THREAD LENGTHS LENGTHS millimetres Nominal bolt length
Basis for thread length*
( l ) ≤ 125
>125 >200
≤ 200
2 d + + 6 2 d + + 12 2d + + 25
b ) Nominal length of thread ( b)
M1 6
M2 0
(M 22)
M2 4
(M 27)
M3 0
M3 6
38 44 —
46 52 65
50 56 69
54 60 73
60 66 79
66 72 85
78 84 97
* d = = nominal thread diameter, in millimetres. NOTES: 1
Threads Threads in parenthesi parenthesiss are non-pr non-preferr eferred. ed.
2
These These thread lengths are are not applica applicable ble to bolts bolts above above the dotted dotted line in Table Table 2.2.
. d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t d e s n e c i L
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. d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t
FIGURE FIGURE 2.1
HIGH-STRE HIGH-STRENGTH NGTH STEEL BOLTS BOLTS
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FIGURE 2.2
SQUARENES SQUARENESS, S, CONCENTRICITY CONCENTRICITY AND SYMMETRY SYMMETRY OF HIGH-STRENGTH HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL BOLTS
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DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
FIGURE FIGURE 2.3
TOLERAN TOLERANCE CE ON STRAIGHTN STRAIGHTNESS ESS OF HIGH-STR HIGH-STRENG ENGTH TH STEEL STEEL BOLTS
. d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t d e s n e c i L
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S E C T I O N
3
H I G H - S T R E N G T H
S T E E L
3.1 3.1
METHO METHOD D OF OF MANUFACTURE MANUFACTURE High-strength steel nuts nuts shall be—
(a)
hot hot or cold formed with with or or without without subseq subsequen uentt machining machining;; or
(b)
machin machined ed from bar bar stock stock..
3.2
SHAPE, DIMENSIONS DIMENSIONS AND FINISH FINISH
3.2. 3.2.1 1
Genera Ge nerall
N U T S
The shape of nuts shall be in in accordance with Figure 3.1.
For For hot-d hot-dip ip galvan galvaniz ized ed nuts, nuts, the the dimen dimensio sions ns appl apply y before before hot-di hot-dip p galva galvani nizin zing g (see Clause 3.2.2.2). 3.2. 3.2.2 2
Screw Screw threads threads
3.2.2.1 General The thread form , diameters and associated pitches pitches of nuts shall shall be those of the ISO coarse pitch series in accordance with AS 1275. 3.2.2.2 Tolerances Hot-dip galvanized galvanized nuts shall be tapped oversize in accordance accordance with AS 1214 1214 after galvanizing. The screw threads of uncoated nuts shall be made to tolerance class 6H in accordance with AS with AS 1275. . d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t d e s n e c i L
3.2.3 3.2.3
Chamferin Chamfering, g, washer facing facing and countersin countersinking king
3.2.3.1 Chamfering chamfer of 15 to 30 degrees on Chamfering and washer washer facing Nuts shall have a chamfer both faces, or a chamfer of 15 to 30 degrees on their upper face and a washer face on the bearing bearing surface. The bearing faces shall be smooth and f lat. The minimum minimum washer washer face or chamfer diameter (d w) shall be not less than that given in Figure 3.1. 3.2.3.2 Countersinking Nuts shall shall be radiused radiused or countersun countersunk k on the bearing face or faces. The maximum maximum counte countersink rsink diameter diameter (d a ) shal shalll be not not great greater er than than the the valu valuee give given n in Figure 3.1. 3.2.4 3.2.4
Squarenes Squarenesss and symmetry symmetry
3.2.4.1 Squar Squarene eness ss of thre thread ad to beari bearing ng face face(s) (s) When When dete determi rmin ned as shown hown in Figure Figure 3.2(a) 3.2(a) the bearin bearing g face(s face(s)) of the the nut nut shall shall be squar square, e, withi within n the the valu values es given given in Figure 3.1, to the pitch diameter of the screw thread. NOTE: A recommended recommended method of checking this feature in conjunction conjunction with an appropriate gauge design is described and illustrated in Appendix B.
3.2.4.2 Symmetry of hexagon hexagon When determined as shown in Figure Figure 3.2(b), the hexagon hexagon shall be symmetrical, within the values values given given in Figure 3.1, to the pitch diameter of the screw thread. 3.2.5 .2.5
Finish inish
3.2.5.1 General High-streng High-strength th steel nuts nuts shall be cleanly cleanly finished, finished, sound and free from defects detrimental detrimental for their end use. The surface discontinui discontinuities ties shall be not greater than the limits given in SAE J122a. 3.2.5.2 Surface roughness high-strength steel nuts, except screw screw threads, roughness All surfaces of high-strength may be in the as-forged or machined condition. Screw threads shall be machined or have a surface quality equivalent equivalent to machining. machining. 3.2.5.3 Surface finish Unless otherwise specified, high-stre ngth steel nuts shall be supplied hot-dip galvanized in accordance with AS with AS 1214. Uncoated nuts shall be in the dull black asheat-treated condition. condition. 3.2.5.4 Coated Coated nuts coatings.
Nuts may be suppli supplied ed with either either decorativ decorativee or corrosion-resis corrosion-resistan tantt
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AS / NZS 1252:1996
All hot-dip galvanized galvanized and zinc-plated nuts shall be provided provided with an additiona additionall lubricant coating to prevent seizure on assembly. The coating shall be clean and dry to the touch. NOTES: 1
Informa Informatio tion n on a suitab suitable le test test for the effective effectivene ness ss of the l ubrica ubricant nt coating coating is given given in Appendix C.
2
Where Where the purchase purchaserr requires requires coated coated produc products ts other other t han han hot-dip hot-dip galvanized, galvanized, coatings coatings should be specified to the relevant coating specification e.g. AS e.g. AS 189 1897, 7, and and indicated in the enquiry or order.
3.3 MATERIAL MATERIAL AND MECHANICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES PROPERTIES The material of high-strength high-strength steel nuts shall be as given in AS/NZS 4291.2 f or property property class 8 and the mechani mechanical cal properties shall be as given in Table 3.1. 3.4 TE TEST ST METHO METHODS DS The test methods methods for determinin determining g the mechanical mechanical propertie propertiess of high-strength high-strength steel nuts shall be as given in A in A S/NZS 4291.2. 4291.2. The The proof load values for highstrength steel nuts are given in Table 3.2. NOTES:
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1
A sugge suggested sted audit audit sampling sampling plan plan is given given in Append Appendix ix A.
2
In the event event of a dispute dispute as to the results results of tests, referee referee testing testing should should be carried carried out by an independent independent laboratory mutually acceptable to the purchaser purchaser a nd the supplier.
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Width across flat ( s )
Width across corners ( e )
Thread*
( p )
M a x.
M i n.
M a x.
M i n.
M ax ax.
M in in.
( m ax ax.)
( m ax ax.)
M a x.
M i n.
M a x.
M in.
M a x.
M i n.
M 16
2 .0
27.0
26.16
3 1.2
29.56 29
17.1
16.4
0.76
1 .04
24.90
0 .8
0.4
17.30
16.00
M 20
2 .5
34.0
33.00
3 9.26 39
3 7.29
20.7
19.4
0.90
1 .24
A ctual size across flats
31.40
0 .8
0 .4
21.60
20.00
Nut height ( m )
Squareness tolerance†
Symmetry tolerance†
Washer-face or chamfer dia. ( d w)
Pitch of thread
( M2 2)
2.5
36.0
35.00
4 1. 6
3 9.55
23.6
22.3
1.00
1 .24
M 24
3 .0
41.0
40.00
4 7.3
4 5.20
24.2
22.9
1.04
1 .24
Depth of washer-face
Countersink diameter
( c )
( d a)
33.30
0 .8
0.4
23.80
22.00
38.00
0 .8
0.4
25.90
24.00
( M2 7)
3.0
46.0
45.00
5 3. 1
5 0.85
27.6
26.3
1.28
1 .24
42.80
0 .8
0.4
29.20
27.00
M 30
3 .5
50.0
49.00
5 7.7
5 5.37
30.7
29.1
1.40
1 .24
46.50
0 .8
0.4
32.40
30.00
M 36
4 .0
60.0
58.80
6 9.3
6 6.44
36.6
35.0
1.68
1 .48
55.90
0 .8
0.4
38.90
36.00
* Threads in parenthese parentheses s are non-preferred. non-preferred. † Values equal to FIM FIM (Full indicator indicator movement).
FIGURE FIGURE 3.1 HIGH-STRENG HIGH-STRENGTH TH STEEL STEEL NUTS
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FIGURE 3.2
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SQUARENESS SQUARENESS AND SYMMETRY SYMMETRY OF HIGH-STRENGTH HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL NUTS
TABL ABLE
3.1 3.1
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL NUTS Hardness Proof stress
Rockwell
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FIGURE 3.2
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SQUARENESS SQUARENESS AND SYMMETRY SYMMETRY OF HIGH-STRENGTH HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL NUTS
TABL ABLE
3.1 3.1
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL NUTS Hardness Proof stress
Nut finish
Rockwell
Vickers HR C
HR B
MP a
Ma x.
Mi n.
Ma x.
Mi n.
M i n.
H o t - d i p g a l v a ni z e d
1165
353
260
36
24
—
Other than hot-dip galvanized
1075
353
188
36
—
89
TABL ABLE
3.2 3.2
PROOF LOADS FOR HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL NUTS
Thread
Tensile stress area of threaded test mandrel ( As) mm 2
Proof load, kN Hot-dip galvanized nuts
Other than hotdip galvanized nuts
M16 M20 M22
157 245 303
182.9 285.4 353.0
168.9 263.4 325.7
M24 M27 M30
353 459 561
411.2 534.7 653.6
379.5 493.4 603.1
M3 6
817
951. 8
878. 3
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S E C T I O N 4.1
4
F LA T
R O U N D
W A S H E R S
SHAPE, DIMENSIONS DIMENSIONS AND FINISH FINISH
4.1. 4.1.1 1 Shape Shape and and dimensi dimension onss The shape shape and dimension dimensionss of washers for high-stren high-strength gth structural bolting shall be in accordance with Figure 4.1. For coated washers the dimensions dimensions apply before coating. NOTE: Dimensions of square taper washers are given in Appendix D.
4.1. 4.1.2 2 Flat Flatness ness When a straight edge edge is placed along a line passing throug through h the centre of the the hole, hole, the departure departure from flatness flatness determine determined d by inserting inserting thickn thickness ess gauges gauges at a point point midway between the edge of the hole and the edge of the washer shall be not greater than 0.25 mm. 4.1.3 .1.3
Finish inish
4.1.3.1 General Washers for high-strength high-strength steel bolts shall be cleanly finished, sound and free from defects detrimental to the end use. 4.1.3.2 Surface roughness All surfaces surfaces of washers washers for high-streng high-strength th s tructural tructural bolting bolting may be in the as-rolled or machined condition. . d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t
4.1.3.3 Surface Surface finish finish Unless Unless othe otherwise rwise spec specifi ified ed washer washerss shall shall be suppl supplie ied d hot-d hot-dip ip galvanized. galvanized. Uncoated washers shall be in the dull black as heat-treated condition. condition. 4.1.3.4 Coatings coatings.
Washers may be be supplied supplied with either decorative or corrosion-resistant corrosion-resistant
The coating on hot-dip galvanized washers shall comply with AS 1650. 1650 . NOTE: Where the purchaser purchaser r equires coated products products other than hot-dip galvanized, galvanized, coatings should should be specified to the relevant coating specification, e.g. AS 1789, and indicated in the enquiry or order.
4.2
MATERIAL MATERIAL AND HEAT TREATMENT TREATMENT
4.2. 4.2.1 1 Material aterial Steel used for the manufacture manufacture of washers shall be produced produced by an open open hearth, a basic oxygen or an electric process. 4.2. 4.2.2 2 He Heat at treatme treatment nt All washers shall shall be hardened hardened and tempered and the hardness hardness shall be as given in Clause 4.3. 4.3
HARDNE HARDNESS SS
4.3. 4.3.1 1 Ge Genera nerall The hard hardn ness ess of washe washers rs oth other than than hot hot-dip -dip galva alvan nize ized sha shall be 345—445 45—445 HV HV (35— (35— 45 HRC). RC). The The hardne ardness ss of hothot-dip dip galv galvan aniz ized ed wash washers ers shall shall be 270—445 HV (26—45 HRC). 4.3. 4.3.2 2 Hard Hardness ness tests tests The hardness hardness shall be determined determined on a transve transverse rse section section of the washer and the result shall be reported without conversion to any other scale. When the Vickers method is used, the preparation of test specimens and the method of test shall be in accordance with AS with AS 1817. When the Rockwell method is used, the preparation of test specimens and the method of test shall be in accordance with AS with AS 1815. The Vickers method shall be used for any referee tests.
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millimetres Nominal diameter diameter of bolt
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Ins ide d ia.
O u t s i d e d ia .
Thi ckn ess
( d 1 )
( d 2)
( h )
( d )* )*
Ma x .
Mi n .
Ma x .
Mi n .
Ma x .
Mi n .
16 20
18 . 4 3 22 . 5 2
18.0 22.0
34.0 42.0
32.4 40.4
4. 6 4. 6
3. 1 3. 1
(2 2)
24 . 5 2
24.0
44.0
42.4
4. 6
3. 4
24
26 . 5 2
26.0
50.0
48.4
4. 6
3. 4
(2 7)
30 . 5 2
30.0
56.0
54.1
4. 6
3. 4
30
33 . 6 2
33.0
60.0
58.1
4. 6
3. 4
36
39 . 6 2
39.0
72.0
70.1
4. 6
3. 4
* Values in parenthese parentheses s are non-pr non-prefer eferred. red.
FIGURE 4.1
FLAT ROUND WASHERS FOR HIGH-STRENG HIGH-STRENGTH TH STRUCTURAL STRUCTURAL BOLTING
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APPENDI PPENDIX X
A
SUGGESTED SUGGESTED S AMPLING PLAN FOR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (Informative) Where tests are r equired for audit audit inspection inspection purposes, purposes, a lot should consist of all items (bolts, nuts or washers) of the same heat of steel and size (diameter and length) made essentially under the same conditions in accordance with this Standard. From each lot, the number of test specimens for each required property should be in accordance with Table A1. Should any test specimen fail to comply with the requirements of any specified test, double the number of samples s hould hould be taken from the same lot a nd should should be s ubjected ubjected to the same test, and unless all of these comply w ith the the re levant requirements, requirements, the lot should should be rejected.
TABL ABLE
A1
NUMBER OF TEST SPECIMENS . d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t
Number of pieces in lot
Minimum number of samples
≤ 50
2
>50
≤ 500
3
>500
≤ 35
5
0 00
>3 5 0 00
8
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APPENDI PPENDIX X
B
RECOMMENDED GAUGE AND METHOD FOR CHECKING THE SQUARENESS OF THE THREAD TO THE FACE OF THE NUT (Informative) The nut should be screwed by hand hand on to a tapered tapered threaded m andrel as shown in Figure B1, until until the thread thread of the nut is tight on the thread of the mandrel. A sliding sliding sleeve having having a face diameter equal to the minimum distance across flats of the nut, square with the axis of the mandrel thread, should then be brought into contact with the leading face of the nut. With the sleeve in this position it s hould hould not be possible possible for a thickness thickness gauge with a thickness thickness equal to the squareness tolerance to enter between the leading face of the nut and the face of the sleeve.
. d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t
NOTES: 1 Squarenes Squarenesss of gauging gauging face of sleeve sleeve to be wi thin 10 min of arc with respect respect to bore axis. The sleeve sleeve bore to be a close-slidin close-sliding g fit on the parallel parallel portion portion of the mandrel. 2 Threa Thread d form, form, pitch pitch and flank flank angles angles of the thread thread on the mandrel mandrel to confor conform m to the require requirement mentss of the correspon corresponding ding GO screw plug gauge ((AS AS 1014). 1014).
FIGURE FIGURE B1 RECOM RECOMMEN MENDED DED GAUGE GAUGE FOR CHEC CHECKIN KING G SQUARENESS OF THREAD TO FACE OF NUT
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APPENDI PPENDIX X
C
ASSEMBLY ASSEMBLY TEST FOR COATED FASTENERS (Informative) A1 SCOPE COPE This Appendix sets out out a method of testing testing the anti-seizing anti-seizing properties of an assembly of high-strength steel bolts and nuts with corrosion-preventive coatings. A2 ASSEMBL SSEMBLY Y A test test a ssembly consists consists of a bolt, bolt, nut and washer complying with the relevant requirements of this Standard, supplied with a corrosion-preventive coating. A3 TE TEST ST PROCEDU PROCEDURE RE The test should should be carried out on high-strength high-strength s teel bolts bolts and nuts in the condition as supplied by the manufacturer and should be in accordance with and include include a lubricant coating as required by Clause 3.2.5.4. There s hould hould be no other lubricant lubricant coating applied applied for the the purpose of this test. Where the two foregoing conditions conditions cannot cannot be satisfied, then the anti-seizing test should be by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, but a lubricant coating should still be applied. If the test is carried out by the purchaser, then he should ensure that the storage conditions and storage time are such that they will not have significantly promoted deterioration of the lubricant coating. . d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t
The bolt with nut and washer selected for testing is placed with the washer directly under under the nut in a steel joint with a total thickness such that where the thread length permits, there are not less than six full bolt threads located between the bearing surface of the bolt head and nut. The diameter of the holes in the joint should be 1 to 2 mm larger than the nominal diameter of the bolts. The nut is initially tightened to produce a load in the bolt of not less than than 10 percent percent of the specified specified proof load. A fter this initial initial tightenin tightening, g, the bolt and nut position is marked to provide the starting point for the rotational movement to be measured. During During the rotation rotation,, the bolt head is restraine restrained d from turning turning,, and the f inal tension tensioning ing is completed without stopping the motion of the nut. The nut is rotated in accordance with the requirements of Table C1 from the initial tightening position without fracture of the bolt or stripping of the bolt or nut thread.
TABL ABLE
C1
NUT ROTATION REQUIREMENTS Bolt length (nominal)*
Nut rotation rotation (minimum) degrees
≤ 2d
180
>2 d
≤ 3d
240
>3 d
≤ 4d
300
>4 d
≤ 8d
360 420
>8 d * d = = nominal diameter of bolt
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APPENDI PPENDIX X
D
SQUARE TAPER WASHERS (Informative) D1 SCOPE COPE This Appendix Appendix gives informatio information n on a series series of hardened and tempered, tempered, square taper washers suitable for use with high-strength steel bolts and nuts. D2 DIMENSION DIMENSIONS S Figure D1.
The dimensions dimensions of square square taper washers shall be in accordance accordance with
D3 MATERIAL MATERIAL AND HEAT TREATMENT TREATMENT The material and heat treatment of square square taper washers should be in accordance with Clause 4.2. D4
FINISH INISH
The finish of square taper washers should should be in accordance accordance with Clause 4.1.3. 4.1.3.
. d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t d e s n e c i L
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millimetres . d e t i b i h o r p k r o w t e n n o e s u r o n o i t u b i r t s i d , e g a r o t S . y l n o e c n e c i l r e s u e l g n i S . 2 0 0 2 b e F 9 1 n o n o t e l z a H H t r e b o R o t
Inside diameter
Width across flats
Mean thickness thickness
( d 1 )
( d 2 )
( t )
Nominal diameter of bolt Ma x .
Mi n .
No m .
8° taper
16 20
18 . 4 3 22 . 5 2
18.0 22.0
31 . 7 5 38 . 1 0
6 . 35 6 . 35
(22)
24.5 2
24.0
38 . 1 0
6. 35
24
26 . 5 2
26.0
44 . 4 5
6 . 35
(27)
30.5 2
30.0
57 . 1 5
6. 35
30
33 . 6 2
33.0
57 . 1 5
6 . 35
36
39 . 6 2
39.0
57 . 1 5
6 . 35
NOTES: 1
Where Where requir required ed,, squa square re tape taperr washe washers rs may be clip clippe ped d alon along g the the thin thin edge edge to provid providee cleara clearance nce.. The clipping clipping should should be parallel parallel to the opposite opposite edge edge and not closer to the centre of the washer than 0.9 of the bolt diameter.
2
Values in parentheses parentheses are non-prefer non-preferred. red.
FIGURE FIGURE D1
SQUARE SQUARE TAPER TAPER WASHER WASHER
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