As 1100 Part 501 - Structural Engineering Drawing

AS 1100.501—1985

Australian StandardR

Technical drawing Part 501: Structural engineering drawing

This Australian standard was prepared by Committee MS/32, Technical Drawing. It was approved on behalf of the Council of the Standards Association of Australia on 29 May 1985 and published on 4 November 1985. The following interests are represented on Committee MS/32: Association for Computer Aided Design Limited Association of Consulting Engineers Australia Australian Chamber of Commerce Australian Gas Association Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia CSIRO, Division of Applied Physics Confederation of Australian Industry Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands, Victoria Department of Defence Department of Defence Support Department of Housing and Construction Department of Public Works, New South Wales Electricity Supply Association of Australia Institute of Draftsmen Australia Institution of Engineers Australia Institution of Production Engineers Master Builders Federation of Australia Royal Australian Institute of Architects Society of Automotive Engineers, Australasia Telecom Australia University of Melbourne University of New South Wales University of Queensland The following bodies also participated in the preparation of this standard as members of Subcommittee MS/32/3, Structural Drawing: Australian Institute of Steel Construction Ltd Concrete Institute of Australia Department of Technical and Further Education, New South Wales Forestry Commission of New South Wales National Association of Australian State Road Authorities State Electricity Commission of Victoria

Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto. Full details of all Australian Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine ‘The Australian Standard’, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards. Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head office of Standards Australia, are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 84100.

AS 1100.501—1985

Australian StandardR

Technical drawing Part 501: Structural engineering drawing

First published . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1985

PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA (STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA) 1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140 ISBN 0 7262 3843 0

PREFACE This standard was prepared by the Association’s Committee on Technical Drawing. It constitutes Part 501 of a new multi–part standard designated AS 1100, Technical Drawing, which supersedes the 13–part standard AS 1100, Drawing Practice. The following Parts have been published: Part 101—General Principles Part 201—Mechanical Drawing Part 401—Engineering Survey and Engineering Survey Design Drawing. Part 301, Architectural Drawing, is being published concurrently with this Part. It was in 1976 that the above committee decided that rather than have a standard of many parts it would be better if all aspects of technical drawing were consolidated into fewer parts that would embrace the entire discipline. The designation AS 1100 has been retained for this new multi–part standard since it is already well established throughout industry and teaching institutions as the Australian standard number for technical drawing. However, to identify these new editions from the previous ones, the designation of 3–digit part numbers has been employed. This standard deals with drawing practice for engineering structures. The first section deals with the scope of the standard, definitions and classification of documents. The second deals with matters of general application to all drawings. These first two sections, taken together with Part 101 of AS 1100, are intended to provide a common language for the interdisciplinary communication of information by means of drawings. Section 3 deals with particular applications, and gives conventions and abbreviations for use on those drawings. It is intended that reference to Section 3 should only be required for information relating to particular purposes, such as identification of details concerning a specific structure or material. Consideration must be given to line thickness, symbol height and lettering to ensure that they are suitable for the drawing scale, sheet size and possible filing method, e.g. microfilm. Supplement No 1 to this standard gives drawings illustrating the use of conventions specified in the standard.

E Copyright — STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia publications and software. Except where the Copyright Act allows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by Standards Australia may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from Standards Australia. Permission may be conditional on an appropriate royalty payment. Requests for permission and information on commercial software royalties should be directed to the head office of Standards Australia. Standards Australia will permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for use exclusively in–house by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia. Standards Australia will also permit the inclusion of its copyright material in computer software programs for no royalty payment provided such programs are used exclusively in–house by the creators of the programs. Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified. The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia at any time.

CONTENTS Page SECTION 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Referenced Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Classification of Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SECTION 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8

4 4 4 4 4 4

GENERAL APPLICATIONS

Dimensioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Identification of Structural Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information to be Shown on Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drawing Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conventions for Cross Referencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SECTION 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5

SCOPE AND GENERAL

5 5 5 5 5 8 8 8

PARTICULAR APPLICATIONS

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Structural Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Timber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10 10 14 17 18

APPENDIX A. Format for Reinforcement Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA Australian Standard for TECHNICAL DRAWING PART 501 — STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING DRAWING SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1 SCO PE. This standard sets out recommendations for structural engineering drawing practice. It is complementary to AS 1100, Part 101. The types of structures intended to be dealt with by this standard are generally those covered by structural design and construction codes, particularly the following: AS 1250 SAA Steel Structures Code AS 1475 SAA Blockwork Code AS 1480 SAA Concrete Structures Code AS 1481 SAA Prestressed Concrete Code AS 1640 SAA Brickwork Code AS 1720 SAA Timber Engineering Code NAA SRA Bridge Design Specification ARE A Manual for Railway Engineering 1.2 AP PLICATION. The principles given in this standard are intended for adoption by engineers, architects, drafters and builders in both Government authorities and private enterprise throughout Australia. The standard is intended as a basis for common practice upon which technical organizations can base their own detailed rules or manuals for the preparation and presentation of drafting work. The application of this standard may require reference to AS 1100, Parts 201, 301 and 401. 1.3 REFE RENC ED DOCU MENT S. The following standards are referred to in this standard: AS 1100 Technical Drawing Part 101-1984 General Principles Part 201-1984 Mechanical Drawing Part 301-1985 Architectural Drawing Part 401-1984 Engineering Survey and E ngineering Survey Design Drawing AS 1101 Graphical Symbols for General Engineering Part 3-Symbols for Welding AS 1111 ISO Metric Hexagon Commercial Bolts and Screws AS 1131 Dimensions of Hot-rolled Structural Steel Sections AS 1148 Nomenclature of Commercial Timbers Imported into Australia AS 1163 Structural Steel Hollow Sections AS 1227 General Requirements for the Supply of Hot-rolled Steel Plates, Sections, Piling and Bars for Structural Purposes AS 1250 SAA Steel Structures Code AS 1252 High Strength Steel Bolts with Associated Nuts and Washers for Structural Engineering *

AS 1302 AS 1304 AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS

1480 1481 1511 1554 1720 2543 Z5 XX XX

Steel Reinforcing Bars for Concrete Hard— drawn Steel Wire Reinforcing Fabric for Concrete SAA Concrete Structures Code* SAA Prestressed Concrete Code† SAA High— strength Structural Bolting Code SAA Structural Steel Welding Code SAA Timber Engineering Code Nomenclature of Australian Timbers Welding Terms and Definitions‡ SAA Masonry Code§

1.4 DE FINITIONS. For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in AS 1100, Parts 101 and 301, apply. 1.5 CLASSIFICATION OF DOC UMEN TS. 1.5.1 Drawings. The following types of drawing can be identified for the purposes of document classification: (a) Design layout drawing — a drawing depicting the size, shape and relationship, as designed, of major structural elements. (b) Design detail drawing— a drawing depicting all the information required for the construction, in accordance with the design, of any given part of a structure or structural element. (c) Shop detail drawing— a drawing depicting all necessary information for the fabrication of structural elements, and intended for use in a workshop. (d) General information drawing— a drawing containing information required for the understanding of related drawings, or for the performance of the work depicted on them. (e) Work-as-executed drawing— a drawing depicting a structure or structural element as constructed. 1.5.2 Other documents. Other documents can be identified as follows: (a) Specification. (b) Schedule. (c) Estimate of quantities. 1.6 LEGEND S. Legends shall be provided in respect of any symbols used for non-conventional representation of items, such as: (a) Joints, e.g. construction joint, expansion joint, contraction joint. (b) Set-out lines.

In course of revision. In this standard specifi c reference is made to the 1982 editi on.

† In course of revision. To be combined with AS 1480. ‡ In course of revision—see DR 83249. § In course of preparati on as a combination of — AS 1475, SAA Blockwork Code AS 1640, SAA Bri ckwork Code COPYRIGHT

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AS 1100.501—1985

SECTION 2. GENERAL APPLICATIONS 2.1 DIMEN SION ING. Units and methods used in dimensioning of drawings shall be in accordance with AS 1100, Part 101. NOTE: See also Clause 2.4 of AS 1100, Part 201. This clause may be transferr ed to Part 101 in future editions.

2.2 LINES. 2.2.1 Type of line. A type of line appropriate for each application should be selected from, and used in accordance with, Table 2.1. 2.2.2 Line thickness. Line thicknesses should be selected in accordance with Clause 3.2.1 of AS 1100, Part 101, except that a continuous medium line, of thickness the same as that of the line of designating letter F, may also be used (designated M in Table 2.1). NOTE: A line of thickness less than 0.25 mm is diffic ult to reproduce, and is not recommended.

2.3 SYM BOLS . The symbols given in AS 1100, Parts 101, 301 and 401, should be used to indicate relevant features on drawings prepared for general or communication purposes, particularly where drawing to scale is impracticable. Symbols for use in special applications shall be in accordance with the relevant set of symbols given in the applicable clause of Section 3. NOTE: Symbol size and line thickness will depend on drawing size and scale. Symbols given have therefore not been dimensioned.

2.4 ABBRE VIATIONS .Abbreviations for use in general applications shall be in accordance with AS 1100 Parts 101, 301 and 401. See Section 3 for abbreviations for use on particular application drawings. 2.5 IDENTIFICATION OF STRUC TURA L ELEMEN TS. 2.5.1 General. Each structural element should be labelled by a discrete reference using a suitable combination of letters or numbers. This reference may be by either consecutive numbering or a grid system, or both.

2.5.2 Consecutive numbering. In a consecutive numbering system, the reference should comprise a prefix, stem and suffix, as follows: (a) Prefix-the location or floor level of the structural element. Floor levels may be designated either by sequential levels or traditional storeys (see Table 2.2.) (b) Stem-the type of structural element. (c) Suffix-the individual number of the structural element. Codes for the prefix and stem are given in Table 2.2. The individual number for the structural element (suffix) should be allocated using a consecutive numbering system for that type of element. Examples: (i) Fourth floor, beam No 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 B 21. (ii) Level 10, slab No 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 S 4. 2.5.3 Grid system. (See also Appendix B of AS 1100, Part 301). A grid reference system consists of one set of grid-lines in one direction with a second set of grid-lines in another direction. Any grid system shall be consistent throughout a project, i.e. architectural and engineering drawings shall have the same grid orientation. Grid systems are generally used with regularly shaped structures but grid lines do not necessarily have to be at right-angles to each other. Grid directions should be selected to allow for expansion to accommodate any anticipated future extension. The project grid may be adopted with a completely arbitrary orientation, bearing no relation to any recognized map grid or True North. It is recommended that, for structural grids, the grid-lines running down the sheet be marked alphabetically (A, B, C...) and the grid-lines across the sheet be marked numerically (1, 2, 3...), as shown in Fig. 2.1.

Fig. 2.1. EXA MPLE OF GRID NU MBER ING SYST EM (See Clause 2.5.3) COPYRIGHT

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TABLE 2.1 LINES AND AP PLICATIONS 1

2

3

4

Designating letter

Type of line

Example of line

Application

A

Continuous — thick

Diagrammatic representati on of structural element centreli ne on layout drawings, e.g. beams. Visible lines and change-in-level lines Str uctural bolts, e.g. in tim ber Reinforcement where ‘thi n’ or ‘medium’ concrete outlin es are used.

M

Continuous — medium

Visible outlines, optional, where considerable detail has to be shown. Intersecting beam outli nes in elevations only. Reinforcing bars and fabric where fully detailed in view shown or concrete outlines where ‘thick’ line reinforcement is used.

B

Continuous — thin

Reinforcement extent lines such as those — across slabs, in plan-view across walls, in elevation along beams or columns for fi tments. Visible masonry walls including — plan-views elevations. Cross-hatching of masonry over. Diagonals across holes or recesses (under or over). Dimension lines and leaders. Welding symbols. Fictiti ous outlines (of parts removed, etc).

C

Continuous — thin, drawn freehand

Breaklines around large areas such as — slabs special details to larger scale.

D

Continuous — thin, ruled with zig-zag

Breaklines in individual elements as at sections, etc.

E

Dashed— thin

F

Dashed— medium

G

Chain — thin

Gri d lines. Centre lines.

H

Chain — thick at ends and change of direction; thin elsewhere

Cutting plane for a section indicating direction of view. Where the G-t ype chain line would conflict with any other line, it should be omitted, and only the flags and other changes of direction by shown.

Hidden masonry, parti cularly walls-under. Column strip and middle strip (panel) outlines on plan views. Hatching for masonry under.

Hidden outlines of structural or supporting elements. Diagrammatic representati ons of temporary bracing members or structural elements. Reinforcement indicated in view shown, although fully detailed elsewhere.

(continued) COPYRIGHT

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AS 1100.501—1985

TABLE 2.1 (continued)

TABLE 2.2 CODES FOR CONSECUTIVE NUMBERING SYSTEM - PREFIX AND STEM (see Clause 2.5.2) 2

2

3

Prefix Location or floor level

Stem Code

Sequential Levels Lowest level Then in ascending order, e.g. Tenth level

4

1 10

Structural element

Code

Beam

B

Column

C

Joist

J

Lintel

L

Traditional Storeys Roof

R

Footing —

2,etc

∼ beam pad ∼ raft ∼ strip ∼

Second floor, etc

FB F RF SF

First fl oor

1

Pier (or pedestal)

Mezzanine

M

Pile cap

PC

Ground floor

G

Portal fram e

PF

Rib

R

Basement

B Slab

S

Footing level

F Stair — ∼ flight ∼ landing

F L

Truss

T

Wall

W

Retaining wall

2.5.4 Columns and footings. Columns may be identified either by— (a) the consecutive numbering system (see Clause 2.5.2); or (b) the intersection of grid-lines at or near the column (see Clause 2.5.3). Footings should be identified in similar fashion to the columns.

P

RW

2.5.5 Grid marks. Grid marks may be used to assist in the ready location of a particular dimension or feature of interest on a structural drawing. However, such usage is distinct from element identification by the grid reference system, and care should be taken to avoid confusion between the markings associated with each.

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2.6 INFORMA TION TO BE SHOW N ON DRAWI NGS. 2.6.1 General. Information to be shown on the drawings shall include any required design information and such items as are specified in the respective structural design codes, or as instructed by the designer. Each drawing should give all the information necessary for the construction of the work shown and should omit irrelevant detail. References should be given to associated drawings for particular details or for showing the relationship with other components, and to schedules. Information should include datums, referenced to permanent structures or the Australian Height Datum (AHD). Written descriptions on drawings shall be clear and concise. Instructions should be positive and written in the imperative mood. Special requirements relating to construction details should be noted or referenced on the drawing. Clarity of detailing and dimensioning is essential. 2.6.2 General notes. General notes, where provided, should be presented in the format given in Sheet 1 of Supplement No 1 of this standard, either on a separate drawing or on the drawings to which they refer. 2.6.3 Design layout drawings. Design layout drawings should show member sizes and locations. 2.7 DR AWIN G SCAL ES. Drawing scales shall comply with the requirements of AS 1100, Part 101, Section 5. Different scales on one sheet should be kept to a minimum, with all scales clearly indicated. Drawings should have a minimum scale for details of 1:25, to allow for reduction of prints to half-size. 2.8 CON VENT IONS FOR CROSS -REFEREN CING . 2.8.1 General. The convention for section, detail and elevation cross-references is complementary, i.e. the cross-reference given on the sheet where a section, detail or elevation is taken is complemented by the cross-reference on the associated sheet where the section, detail or elevation is shown. Examples of section, detail and elevation crossreferences are shown in Figs 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4. The following principles apply: (a) The orientation of the reference numbers and letters

should be upright when read looking from the bottom of the sheet. (b) The same notation (numbers or letters) should not be used for both sections and details. (c) The letters I, O and Q should not be used in letter sequences. (d) Sections, details and elevations should be placed in their order of designation. (e) Where possible (i) plans for the one project should be oriented in the same way on all drawings; (ii) sections, details and elevations, particularly horizontal sections, should be given the same orientation as in the main drawing; (iii) vertical sections should always be drawn erect; (iv) sections should be taken looking from the bottom of the drawing to the top, or from right to left; and (v) for bridges and roadworks, plans and elevations are drawn in the direction of increasing chainage from ‘left to right’, and sections should be drawn in the same direction. 2.8.2 Section cross-reference. A section crossreference should be shown as in Fig. 2.2. The following particulars apply: (a) In the top half of the circle, the number (or letter) is that of the section itself. (b) In the bottom half of the circle, the following applies, as appropriate: (i) On the sheet where the section is taken. The number is that of the associated sheet where the section is shown. If it is shown on the same sheet, a dash (-) is used. (ii) On the sheet where the section is shown. The number is that of the sheet from which it was taken. If it is taken from the same sheet, a dash (-) is used. (c) The arrowhead shows the direction of viewing, and the external line shows the cutting plane. (d) The circle diameter is (i) in Fig. 2.2(a) and (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 mm. (ii) in Fig. 2.2(c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 mm.

Fig. 2.2 EXAMP LES OF SEC TION CRO SS-R EFER ENCE S (See Clause 2.8.2) COPYRIGHT

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2.8.3 Detail cross-reference. A detail cross-reference should be shown as in Fig. 2.3. The following particulars apply: (a) In the top half of the circle, the letter (or number) is that of the detail itself. (b) In the bottom half of the circle, the following applies, as appropriate: (i) On the sheet where the detail is taken. The number is that of the associated sheet where the detail is shown. If it is shown on the same sheet, a dash (-) is used. (ii) On the sheet where the detail is shown. The number is that of the sheet from which it was taken. If it is taken on the same sheet, a dash (-) is used.

AS 1100.501—1985

(c)

On the same sheet, an additional arrow on an extended line may be used to show where the detail is drawn. (See Fig. 2.3(b).) (d) The circle diameter is(i) in Fig. 2.3 (a) and (b) . . . . . . . . . . . 12 mm. (ii) in Fig. 2.3 (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 mm. 2.8.4 Elevation cross-reference. An elevation cross-reference should be shown as in Fig. 2.4. The circle diameter is(i) In Fig. 2.4(a) and (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 mm. (ii) In Fig. 2.4(c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 mm.

Fig 2.3. EXAMP LES OF DETAIL CROS S-RE FERE NCES (See Clause 2.8.3)

Fig 2.4. EXA MPLE S OF ELEVATION CROS S-RE FERE NCES (See Clause 2.8.4)

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SECTION 3. PARTICULAR APPLICATIONS 3.1 GENER AL. This Section refers to drawings for structures, made from particular materials. For composite structures, discretion should be used in selecting the provisions applicable to the principal material used in the particular structure. 3.2 REIN FORC ED AN D PREST RESS ED CONCR ETE. 3.2.1 Concrete drawings. Concrete drawings should show clearly the dimensions and shape of the structural element or elements depicted. The type, size, shape, extent and location of all reinforcement shall also be clearly shown. Depending on the complexity of the element, the detail drawing may show both the concrete outlines and reinforcement on the same view or provide separate views, or drawings for each. 3.2.2 Notation for reinforcement. 3.2.2.1 General. Reinforcement shall be specified by the type and size of bar (see AS 1302) and reference number of fabric (see AS 1304). Where a schedule is prepared in conjunction with the drawings, a reference number for that schedule should be given on both schedule and drawing. Reinforcement shall be specified on the view of the structural element in which the reinforcement will be first placed, e.g. where a bar is placed in a slab and extends into a wall it must be specified on the plan of the slab. 3.2.2.2 Bars. Bar reinforcement shall be specified by the number of bars, the type and size, and the spacing if applicable. Spacing is normally specified at right angles to the bar direction and any variation should be fully detailed, e.g. for skewed bars. One of the following notations may be used: (a) 4-Y24 means four deformed bars of type-size Y24, e.g. in a beam. (b) 20-Y16-200 means twenty deformed bars of type-size Y16 at 200 mm spacing, e.g. in a slab. (c) Y16-200 means deformed bars of type-size Y16 at 200 mm spacing, e.g. in a slab, but leaving the number to be calculated by others. NOTE: This is a non-preferred notation.

(d) 9-R10-300

means nine plain round bars of type-size R10 spaced at 300 mm, e.g. stirrups in a column. For complex structures it may be necessary to specify the mark number, type, size, shape, location and also the number of bars or the bar spacing, or both, as appropriate. NOTE: See Supplement No 1.

Each set of ‘identical’ bars in a structure should be given the same bar mark number. A group of bars in the same placing zone may be regarded as being ‘identical’ if they have the same type, size and bent shape. They can however have a varying length if supplied in a set for a tapered section. 3.2.2.3 Fabric . The designation for reinforcing fabric shall be as given in AS 1304. Where a standard fabric is used, the reference number of the fabric shall be stated, e.g. F918. 3.2.2.4 Information for placing. Sufficient information shall be provided to enable the reinforcement to be placed in its correct location, preferably without the need for an excessive number of cross-sections. The abbreviations given in Table 3.1 may be used to convey placing information. The abbreviation should be used following the notation of bar number, size and/or spacing, or fabric designation, or as a special note applicable to the relevant detail. For example:

(a) (b)

F918B signifies that fabric F918 is placed in the bottom of the slab. 20-Y16-200T signifies that 20 bars of Y16 are placed at 200 mm centres in the top of the slab. TABLE 3.1 ABB REVI ATIONS FOR REIN FORCEMEN T PLACING INFORMATION Placing informati on Bott om face Centrally placed Top face Each way Each face Near face* Far face* Internal face External face Hori zontal Vert ical

Abbreviati on B CENTRAL T EW EF NF FF INTF EXTF HORIZ VERT

* The direction of viewing should be carefully defi ned.

Where more than one layer of reinforcement is used in one face, additional information should be given to define each layer and its relative position and direction. The drawing shall state the required clear cover to the reinforcement for each structural element. This may be done with a general note where the cover is uniform for all the structural elements or by means of a dimension on the element concerned. NOTE: See Supplement No 1 for symbols and multip le layers.

3.2.3 Reinforcement schedules. Schedules provide the necessary information for the fabricator to produce the reinforcement. They must therefore contain all the necessary information to allow each piece of reinforcing steel to be cut, bent, bundled, identified and located by the reinforcement fixer. Reinforcement schedules may be incorporated in the drawings, or provided on separate schedules. Diagrams of suggested bending shapes for reinforcement are given in Table 3.2 for use with a tabulated format of a schedule (see Appendix A). The scheduled length may be calculated as the sum of the individual out-to-out dimensions ‘A’, ‘B’, etc., of the bar shape as defined in Table 3.2, to which must be added the 180-degree hook or 90-degree cog allowance from Table G5, Appendix G, of AS 1480-1982, if such are required. Any adjustment for a change in length around a bend other than a hook or cog may be made before the bar is cut from a stock length. 3.2.4 Notation for prestressing. The applications of prestressed concrete construction are diverse but the methods of detailing vary little from those used for reinforced concrete except in the delineation of main stressing tendons. In post-tensioned prestressed concrete work the tendons and ducts may be required to conform to predetermined curves, usually parabolic or a combination of parabolas. Detail drawings should provide sufficient information to enable the tendons to be accurately placed. Various types of stressing tendons are in use, each type having its special form of end anchorage. Particular care is required in detailing the end anchorages and anchorage blocks.

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Pre-tensioned prestressed concrete units are usually constructed using a number of tendons tensioned on a special prestressing bed. No special detailing is required for this form of construction, but correct reinforcement, spacing and special details should be shown or noted in the drawing. In addition to the notes on concrete strengths, type of normal reinforcing steel (if any) and type of prestressing tendons and methods of tensioning, further notes should give details of the points to be used for lifting, handling and stacking the units. Design information to be given in notes on the drawings should include all details required for construction of the element including the stressing force and sequence of stressing (see AS 1480 and AS 1481). NOTE: See Supplement No 1.

3.2.5 Slab reinforcement. 3.2.5.1 Bars . For bars, one bar should be drawn in the

AS 1100.501—1985

direction in which it is laid in the placing zone and the width or extent of that zone is shown by the extent line, generally perpendicular to the bar axis (see Fig. 3.1). The intersection of bar and extent line should be indicated by a circle or a dot. Spacing is measured along the extent line. 3.2.5.2 Rectangular fabrics. For rectangular fabrics, the direction of the main (closer spaced) wires should be drawn as in Fig. 3.2. The extent line shows the coverage of the slab by the fabric. 3.2.5.3 Square fabrics. A similar method to rectangular fabrics may be used for square fabrics. However, provided that the sheet will cover the span without laps, no differentiation between wires is needed. (See Fig. 3.3.) In large areas where one layer of fabric is used, the method shown in Fig. 3.4 may be adopted, provided that confusion with other reinforcement does not occur.

Fig. 3.2. REC TANG ULAR FABR IC (See Clause 3.2.5.2)

Fig. 3.1 BAR REINFORCE MENT (See Clause 3.2.5.1) NOTE: See also Supplement No 1.

Fig. 3.3. SQU ARE FABR IC (See Clause 3.2.5.3)

Fig. 3.4 SIMPLIFIED DETA ILING FOR FABR IC (See Clause 3.2.5.3)

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TABLE 3.2 BAR BE NDIN G SHAPE S (see Clause 3.2.3) FIRST PREF EREN CE BA R BENDI NG SHAPE S NOTES: 1. All dimensions are to intersection of straight portions at the outside of all types of bends. 2. ‘L’ is the sum of the individual out-to -out dimensions ‘A’, ‘B’, etc.

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TABLE 3.2 (continued) SEC OND PREFE RENC E BAR BE NDIN G SHAP ES NOTES: 1. All dimensions are to intersection of straight portions except where shown. 2. First preference shapes with hooks and cogs are to be included here.

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3.3 STRUCTU RAL STEEL. 3.3.1 Design layout drawings. Structural elements should be shown on design layout drawings by a continuous thick line in accordance with designating letter A, Table 2.1. Light sections such as purlins may be shown in thinner lines. NOTE: See Supplement No 1 for examples.

The drawings should clearly show the total structure including the disposition of members and all dimensions necessary to define their position relative to each other and the total structure. Member sizes and identifying mark numbers should be shown preferably by means of a member schedule, or alternatively by designation immediately adjacent to the member on the drawing. NOTE: See Supplement No 1 for examples.

Connections should be indicated by type and designation of a standard connection where possible. Non-standard or special connections should be clearly cross referenced to the appropriate design detail drawing (see Clause 2.8). 3.3.2 Design detail drawings. The design detail drawings should communicate all of the designer’s intentions with the possible exception of items adequately covered in the specification, or by a standard detail or connection. These drawings should show the sizes of structural members, and should be set out so that all views represent those seen when making the component. In practice, angles and channels are marked out on the outer surfaces and are therefore better drawn showing these views. Where a design detail, e.g. a truss, is symmetrical about the centre line, one half only need be detailed and annotated ‘sym m etrical about centre-line’. Opposite-hand noting should be used with caution, and only if the component is opposite-hand in all respects. The annotation for ‘opposite hand’ elements should be noted specifically in the same way as with symmetrical items, e.g.Truss, Mark T1-As shown Truss, Mark T2-Opp. hand

General notes should be provided for details of items such as steel strength and grade; weld size, type and electrodes; bolt sizes and grades; surface treatment and protective coating; and any special fasteners. Unless standard connections are used, the drawings should include details of all connections. 3.3.3 Shop detail drawings. The shop detail drawings should illustrate each element of the structural frame which will be fabricated as an individual unit in the shop. Separate views as necessary to fully describe and dimension the unit are to be shown. In addition, the shop detail drawing should carry symbols identifying each piece which is required to make up the particular unit and these symbols linked to a total material description in a material list. To facilitate erection, the shop detail drawings should also clearly show location notes, e.g. ‘top’, ‘north’. The drawings should also include details of steel strength and grade; weld size, type and electrodes; bolt sizes and grades; surface treatment and protective coating; and any special fasteners. NOTE: See Supplement No 1 for examples.

3.3.4 Designation of steel elements. Designation of steel elements shall comply with AS 1131 and AS 1163. Table 3.3 indicates appropriate designations. The dimensions of rolled steel sections and structural hollow sections may vary due to rolling tolerances as defined in AS 1227 and AS 1163 respectively. Where connections or other details are dimensioned, the closing dimensions should be omitted to allow for the variation which may occur. 3.3.5 Designation of welds and fasteners. 3.3.5.1 Welds. Symbols for welding shall comply with AS 1101, Part 3, and welding terms with AS Z5. Where structures are built to AS 1250, weld details shall be in accordance with categories given in AS 1554 and should include the strength grade of electrodes. NOTE: See Supplement No 1 for examples.

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TABLE 3.3 DES IGNA TION OF STEEL ELEME NTS (See Clause 3.3.4)

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TABLE 3.3 (continued)

NOTES: 1. Unless otherwise stated, dimensions are in milli metr es. 2. Dimensions for the universal beam, universal column and cold formed purlin s are nominal dimensions. 3. Nominal depth may vary appreciably from actual depth, D, which can be ascertai ned from AS 1131. Actual mass can also be determ ined from AS 1131. For example, for 200 UB 25, actual depth = 203 mm; actual mass = 25.4 kg/m.

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AS 1100.501—1985

TABLE 3.4 BOLTING PROCEDURE DESIGNATION FOR COMMERCIAL AND HIGH STRENGTH STRUCTURAL BOLTS (See Clause 3.3.5.2)

Bolt name

Nominal tensile strength MPa

Nominal yield strength MPa

Standard

4.6/S (see Note 1)

Commercial

400

240

AS 1111

8.8/S (see Note 2) 8.8/TF (see Note 3) 8.8/TB (see Note 3)

High strength structural High strength structural High strength structural

800 800 800

640 640 640

AS 1252 AS 1252 AS 1252

Bolting procedure designation

NOTES: 1. Bolting procedure 4.6/S refers to commercial bolts of property class 4.6 conform ing to AS 1111, ti ghtened using a standard wrench to a ‘snug-tig ht’ conditi on. 2. Bolting procedure designation 8.8/S refers to any bolt of property class 8.8, tightened using a standard wrench to a ‘snug-ti ght’ condition. Essentially, these bolts are used as higher grade commercial bolts in order to increase the capacity of certain connection types. In practice, they will normally be high strength structural bolts of property class 8.8 to AS 1252. 3. Bolting procedure designations 8.8/TF and 8.8/TB (or 8.8/T when referri ng generally to both types of bolt) refer specifically to high strength structural bolts of property class 8.8 conforming to AS 1252, fully tensioned in a controlled manner to the requirements of AS 1511. 4. For further information, see Australian Institute of Steel Construction documents ‘Bolting of Steel Structures’ and ‘Standardized Structural Connections’.

3.3.5.2 Bolts and bolting procedure. Bolt size and property class should be nominated on design detail and shop detail drawings, as appropriate. The bolting procedure is shown by designation which comprises— (a) the property class of the bolt, i.e. 4.6 or 8.8, in accordance with AS 1111 or AS 1252 respectively; (b) the tensioning of the bolt in accordance with AS 1511, i.e. S for ‘snug tight’; T for full tensioning; and (c) where appropriate, the type of joint, i.e. F for friction joint; B for bearing joint. Table 3.4 gives the bolting procedure designation for commercial and high strength structural bolts, together with their associated standard, nominal tensile strength and nominal yield strength. 3.3.5.3 Special fasteners. On design detail drawing, other fasteners such as masonry anchors should be shown, with the specified safe working load or other specifications given by the designer. Full details of such anchorages should be shown on shop detail drawings. 3.4 TIMBER. 3.4.1 Design layout drawings. Structural elements should be shown on design layout drawings by means of continuous thick lines drawn in accordance with designating letter A, Table 2.1. NOTE: See Supplement No 1 for examples.

The drawings should clearly show the total structure including the disposition of members and all dimensions necessary to define their position relative to each other and the total structure. Member sizes and identifying mark numbers should be shown, preferably by means of a member schedule, or alternatively by designation immediately adjacent to the member on the drawing. NOTE: See Supplement No 1 for examples.

Connections should be indicated by type and designation of a standard connection where possible. Non-standard or special connections should be clearly cross-referenced to the appropriate design detail drawing (see Clause 2.8). 3.4.2 Design detail drawings. The design detail drawings should communicate all of the designer’s intentions with the possible exception of items adequately covered in the specification or by a standard

detail or connection. The drawings should be set out so that all views represent those seen when making the component. Where a design detail, e.g. a truss, is symmetrical about the centre-line, one half only need be detailed and annotated ‘sym m etrical about centre-line’. Opposite-hand noting should be used with caution, and only if the component is opposite-hand in all respects. The annotation for ‘opposite hand’ elements should be noted specifically in the same way as with symmetrical items, e.g.Truss, Mark T1-As shown Truss, Mark T2-Opp. hand General notes should be provided to give details of items such as grade of timber, whether seasoned or unseasoned: whether sizes are nominal or minimum (see Note 2); bolt sizes and grades; surface treatment and protective coating; and any special fasteners. The drawings should also include details of all connections, unless separate drawings are prepared, or standard connection details are used. NOTES: 1. For structural members, timber sections should be designated by the minimum sizes. 2. Some types of timber are ‘scant cut’, such that the nominal size includes the width of the saw cut necessary to produce that size.

3.4.3 Shop detail drawings. The shop detail drawings should illustrate each element of the structural frame which will be fabricated as an individual unit in the shop. Separate views as necessary to fully describe and dimension the unit are to be shown. In addition, the shop detail drawing should carry symbols identifying each piece which is required to make up the particular unit and these symbols linked to a total material description in a material list. To facilitate erection, the shop detail drawings should also clearly show location notes, e.g. ‘top’, ‘north’. The drawings should also include details of grade of timber; bolt sizes and grades; surface treatment and protective coating; and any special fasteners. NOTE: See Supplement No 1 for examples.

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TABLE 3.5 CON VENT IONA L REPRE SENT ATION OF VIEWS AN D SE CTIONS OF TIMBER MEM BERS (See Clause 3.3.4)

3.4.4 Conventional representation of timber. The representation of timber on design layout and design detail drawings shall comply with Table 5.1 of AS 1100, Part 301, and Table 3.5 herein. The appropriate stress grade, joint group and durability class, as given in AS 1720, should be specified, rather than reference to specific species and grade names. In special situations it may be necessary to nominate a particular species, in which case the standard trade name should be used in accordance with AS 1148 for imported timbers and AS 2543 for Australian timbers. 3.4.5 Conventional representation of fasteners and connectors. The representation of fasteners and connectors on design layout and detail drawings shall be in accordance with Tables 3.6 and 3.7 respectively. Detailed information shall be provided by means of notes or detail drawings, indicating the size, number and location of fasteners or connectors. Fasteners or connectors not shown in Tables 3.6 and 3.7 shall be drawn out in detail on the design detail drawing concerned. 3.5 MAS ONRY 3.5.1 Masonry drawings. A masonry drawing should show clearly the dimensions and shape of the structural element or elements depicted. These may be shown by continuous thick lines drawn in accordance with designating letter A, Table 2.1. The type, size, shape, extent and location of any reinforcement shall also be clearly shown.

NOTE: See also AS XXXX for informat ion to be shown on drawings.

3.5.2 Conventional representation. The representation of masonry on drawings shall comply with Table 5.1 of AS 1100, Part 301. Wall thicknesses should be designated by one of the following methods, as appropriate: (a) The manufacturing dimension of the units or appropriate multiples of it plus the appropriate number of 10 mm joints; e.g. 110, 230, 350 or 90, 190, 290 mm. (b) Multiples (or half-multiples where applicable) of the coordinating dimension, where units of modular dimension are used in association with the Coordinated Dimensional System. 3.5.3 Reinforcement. Drawings for reinforced masonry should, as far as possible, follow the methods given in Clause 3.2. 3.5.4 Special fasteners. Where masonry anchors are used to make a connection to masonry, the type of masonry unit and fastener shall be shown. NOTE Some types of masonry are unsuitable for certain types of anchor e.g.: (a) Extruded perforated bricks are unsuitable for expanding or chemical anchors. (b) Hollow blocks are unsuitable for explosive powered fasteners and expanding or chemical anchors.

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TABLE 3.6 CON VENT IONA L REPRE SENT ATION OF FASTE NERS (See Clause 3.4.5)

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TABLE 3.7 CON VENT IONA L REPRE SENT ATION OF CONNE CTORS (See Clause 3.4.5)

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APP EN DIX A

FORMAT FOR REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE for use with First and Second Preference Bar Bending Shapes given in Table 3.2

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