Artículo Chaperonas Moleculares
September 5, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Gmkpdrjiks ajfdgufkrds di diedradhkhds idurjhdodidrktcvks0 uik brdvd rdsdûk Gktmdrcid Bjbjrc, Odjrock Xmdjgmkrjpjufju y ^kikycjtcs Ufkajs
Rdsuadi Df dstrãs y fks prjtdáiks akf pfdokhks prjvjgki uik hcseuigc÷i di fk gãfufk, fj qud k
adiuhj gjihugd k diedradhkhds idurjhdodidrktcvks y divd`dgcacditj. Fks prjtdáiks akf pfdokhks ejraki kordokhjs t÷xcgjs qud kadikzki fk dstkbcfchkh y fks euigcjids ijrakfds hd fks gãfufks. ^krk rdstkurkr su mjadjstkscs, fk gãfufk kgtcvk df scstdak T^R. Df pkpdf prcigcpkf di fk rdstkurkgc÷i sji fks gmkpdrjiks ajfdgufkrds qud sd hcrcodi k fks prjtdáiks akf pfdokhks gji df prjp÷sctj hd kyuhkrfks k hdspfdokrsd y rdpfdokrsd k su dstkhj ikturkf j ffdvkrfks k su hdorkhkgc÷i. Dstd krtágufj tcdid gjaj jb`dtcvj prdsditkr kfouiks hd fks gmkpdrjiks ajfdgufkrds aës gjijgchks y su rdfkgc÷i gji diedradhkhds ksjgckhks kf pfdokacditj cigjrrdgtj hd prjtdáiks y fk idurjhdodidrkgc÷i, ksá gjaj df pkpdf hd fks gmkpdrjiks di fk prjtdjstkscs. ^kfkbrks gfkvd Gmkpdrjiks ajfdgufkrds • Diedradhkhds idurjhdodidrktcvks • Diedradhkh hd Kfzmdcadr •
Diedradhkh hd Muitciotji • ^rjtdáiks akf pfdokhks • T^R • ^fdokacditj hd prjtdáiks
;. Citrjhuggc÷i Df gjigdptj hd akitdicacditj hd fk prjtdjstkscs civjfugrk fks váks bcjf÷ocgks qud sji grátcgks pkrk fks gãfufks pjsact÷tcgks, gjaj fks idurjiks. Fk kftdrkgc÷i hd fjs adgkicsajs hd prjtdjstkscs sd rdecdrd gkhk vdz aës di augmjs dstuhcjs, kf dstkr capfcgkhk di diedradhkhds idurjhdodidrktcvks. Fk hdsrdoufkgc÷i hd kfouijs hd fjs adgkicsajs gfkvd qud sd mki hdskrrjffkhj pkrk akitdidr fk mjadjstkscs gdfufkr, gjaj df pfdokacditj hd prjtdáiks, ksá gjaj fk prdsdigck hd gmkpdrjiks ajfdgufkrds y adgkicsajs hd hdorkhkgc÷i, dstë capfcgkhk gjaj gkrkgtdrástcgk pktjf÷ocgk hd dstks diedradhkhds.
G. Bjbjrc Fkbjrktjrcj hd Bcjciejraëtcgk y Dfdgtrjecscjfjoák Muakik (BcMDFkb), Hdpkrtkaditj hd Ciejraëtcgk, Ticvdrschkh Ticvdrschkh @÷icgk, ? Xscrcojtc Wqukrd, Gjreð, Ordgck Dakcf0 p;2bjbjNcjicj.or
O. Xmdjgmkrjpjufju () Hdpkrtkaditj hd Ciejraëtcgk, Ticvdrschkh @÷icgk, Gjreð, Ordgck gjrrdj dfdgtr÷icgj0 dfdgtr÷ic gj0 zdtk.tmdjNcjicj.or
^. Ufkajs Hdpkrtkaditj hd Ciejraëtcgk, Bcjciejraëtcgk y Fkbjrktjrcj hd Dfdgtrjecscjfjoák Muakik, Ticvdrschkh @÷icgk, Gjreð, Ordgck
Dakcf0 vfkajsNcjicj.or © Wprciodr Citdriktcjikf ^ubfcsmcio KO 2>;? ^. Ufkajs (dh.), OdIdHcs 2>;5, Kvkigds di Adhcgcik y Bcjfjoák Dxpdrcaditkf 3=?, HJC ;>.;>>? / 3?=-7-7;3-4?7?3-7Z2>
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G. Bjbjrc y gjf.
Wd grdd qud df pfdokacditj cigjrrdgtj hd fks prjtdáiks y fk ejrakgc÷i hd kordokhjs t÷xcgjs hditrj hd fks idurjiks kedgtkhks dstëi civjfugrkhjs di fk pktjoãidscs hd augmks diedradhkhds rdfkgcjikhks gji fk dhkh, gjaj fk diedradhkh hd Kfzmdcadr. Wc bcdi fks diedradhkhds idurjhdodidrktcvks hcecdrdi di fks prjtdáiks qud pkrdgdi pfdokrsd cigjrrdgtkaditd, uik gkrkgtdrástcgk gjaði ds fk citdrrupgc÷i hdf scstdak hd gjitrjf hd gkfchkh hd fks prjtdáiks.
Fk akqucikrck gmkpdrjik dstë civjfugrkhk di df diskabfk`d hd fk dstrugturk trchcadiscjikf ðicgk hd fks prjtdáiks. Fks gmkpdrjiks `udoki ui pkpdf jaicprdsditd di fk rdh gctjpfksaëtcgk0 sji auy kbuihkitds, ejraki ui gjapfd`j gji tjhjs fjs dfdaditjs hdf gctjdsqudfdtj y tkabcãi sd khmcdrdi k uik pfãtjrk hd jtrks prjtdáiks \ ; \ ; Q. Q. Fks gmkpdrjiks ajfdgufkrds scrvdi pkrk prdvdicr prdvdic r ddff pfdokhj cigjrrdgtj hd fks prjtdáiks, pkrtcgcpki di df prjgdhcacditj hd pfdokhj sudftj, kyuhki di df pfdokhj y rdpfdokacditj hd fks prjtdáiks hkûkhks y sd hcrcodi k fks prjtdáiks orkvdaditd hkûkhks pkrk hdorkhkrfks y sdgudstrkrfks di kordokhjs aës orkihds. ^jr fj tkitj, fks gmkpdrjiks sji gjapjiditds gfkvd hd dstd scstdak hd gjitrjf hd gkfchkh hd prjtdáiks \ 2 \ 2 Q. Q. Df pfdokacditj iktcvj hd fks prjtdáiks pudhd vdrsd kedgtkhj pjr df dstrãs, df kpcûkacditj ajfdgufkr y fks autkgcjids \ 7 \ 7 Q. Q. Capufs Capufskhjs khjs pjr KX^, fjs kgjapkûkitds gjivcdrtdi orkhukfaditd fjs sustrktjs hd prjtdáiks t÷xcgjs akf pfdokhjs di ij t÷xcgjs, rdpfdokhjs hd ejrak iktcvk. Df dstrãs y fjs hkûjs k fks prjtdáiks pudhdi Q. Dstks Dstks prjvjgkr hcseuigc÷i gdfufkr, prjvjgkihj diedradhkhds hdodidrktcvks y divd`dgcacditj \ 8 \ 8 Q. gjihcgcjids kgtcvki fks váks hd rdspudstk kf dstrãs gdfufkr, cigfuchk fk T^R, qud gjitrkrrdstk df dstrãs y kyuhk k rdstkurkr fk mjadjstkscs hdf pfdokacditj hd prjtdáiks di df DR \ 4 \ 4 Q. Q.
Fk kftdrkgc÷i hdf gjapfd`j gmkpdrjik hk gjaj rdsuftkhj cidstkbcfchkh y uik fjgkfczkgc÷i 5 Q. Q. Khdaës hdf pkpdf prcigcpkf hd fks subgdfufkr cigjrrdgtk hd fk prjtdáik hd sdûkfczkgc÷ sdûkfczkgc÷i i \\ 5 gmkpdrjiks, qud ds kpuitkr k tjhks fks prjtdáiks akf pfdokhks gji supdrecgcds mchrje÷bcgks, tkabcãi dxcstdi gmkpdrjiks dspdgckfczkhks qud dstkbcfczki vkrcks rdhds hd trkishuggc÷i hd sdûkfds capjrtkitds pkrk fks fks ggãfufks ãfufks gkigdrjsks \\ ? ? Q. Q.
2 º^jr quã fks prjtdáiks sd pfcdoki akf:
Df pfdokacditj cigjrrdgtj pudhd jrcocikrsd pjr citdrkggcjids cikhdgukhks cikhdgukhks ditrd rdocjids hd fk gkhdik pjfcpdptáhcgk hd pfdokhj. Jtrj ekgtjr ds fk ikturkfdzk kbkrrjtkhk hdf ditjrij citrkgdfufkr qud Q. Fks pudhd dvctkr df pfdokacditj prjgdhk di uik dsgkfk bcjf÷ocgkaditd rdfdvkitd \ = Q. \ = prjtdáiks cigjqud cigja apfdtkaditd pfdokhks, k adiuhj tcdihdihdk tcdapj citdrkggcjids cikprjpckhks gji jtrks ajfãgufks \ 3 \ 3 Q Q y sd kordoki kordoki ddi i fk gãfufk hdbchj k fk kftk gjigditrkgc÷i fjgkf hd gkhdiks ikgcditds \ ;> Q. ;> Q. ^udhd mkbdr vkrcjs tcpj vkrcjs tcpjss hd kordokhjs, cigfuchjs fjs kordokhjs hdsjrhdikhjs j "kajrejs", pdrj fks ecbrks kacfjchds sji fks aës gkrkgtdrástcgks \ ;; \ ;; Q. Q. Df hdp÷sctj hd kordokgc÷i kijrakf hd prjtdáiks prjtdáiks gkrkgtdrczk fk akyjrák hd fjs trkstjrijs idurjhdoidrktcvjs, idurjhdoidrktcvjs, ij sjfj fk DK y df ^krlcisji, scij tkabcãi fks diedradhkhds hd fks idurjiks ajtjrks, ksá gjaj fks diedradhkhds hdf td`chj pdrceãrcgj ;2 - - ;4 ;4 Q. Q. gjaj fk pjfcidurjpk pjfcidurjpkták ták kacfjchd ekacfckr, Gmkrgjt-AkrcdXjjtm \\ ;2
Gmkpdrjiks ajfdgufkrds di diedradhkhds idurjhdodidrktcvks0 uik brdvd rdsdûk
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7 G÷aj fjs kgjapkûkitds prdvcdidi fk kordokgc÷i
Fk dstrktdock gdfufkr pkrk gjitrkrrdstkr fk kordokgc÷i hd prjtdáiks ij iktcvks ds fk akqucikrck gmkpdrjik. Fks prjtdáiks hd gmjqud tãracgj (MW^) sji fks prcigcpkfds gfksds hd kgjapkûkitds k fks qud sd mkgd rdedrdigck pkrk dvctkr fk kguaufkgc÷i hd gjiejrakhjrds akf pfdokhjs (pjr d`dapfj, MW^5> y MW^?>) \ hcdgcsãcs \ hcdgcsãcs Q. Q. Wd jbsdrv jbsdrv÷ ÷ pjr prcadrk vdz qud fk rdvdrscbcfchkh hd fk kordokgc÷i hd prjtdáiks dstë adhckhk pjr fk prjtdáik hd gmjqud tãracgj Msp>8 \ ;? \ ;? Q. Q. Fk u uic÷i ic÷i hd fk gmkpdrjik bfjqudk fk kordokgc÷i citdrajfdgufkr hd pjfcpãptchjs ij iktcvjs y tkabcãi pudhd prdvdicr j rdvdrtcr ;3 Q. Q. Kqudffks Kqudffks prjtdáiks qud ij fjorki pfdokrsd df pfdokacditj cigjrrdgtj citrkajfdgufkr \ ;= \ ;= , , ;3 gjrrdgtkaditd sji sdfdggcjikhks pkrk su hdorkhkgc÷i pjr df scstdak hd gjitrjf hd prjtdáiks. Dstj sd fjork k trkvãs hdf prjtdksjak y fk kutjekock adhckhk pjr gmkpdrjik \ 2> \ 2> Q. Q. Gkhk vdz mky aës prudb prudbks ks qud hdaudstrki qud fk pdrturbkgc÷i hd dstks euigcjids hdsdapdûk ui pkpdf gfkvd di fk pktjodick 22 Q. hd fjs trkstjrijs muakijs orkvds \ 2; \ 2; , , 22 Q. Khdaës, fk gkpkgchkh hd akitdidr fk prjtdjstkscs gdfufkr hcsaciuyd gji df divd`dgcacditj, fj qud hk gjaj rdsuftkhj fk kguaufkgc÷i hd prjtdáiks akf pfdokhks, fk hdpjscgc÷i hd kordokhjs, fk tjxcgchkh gdfufkr y, ecikfaditd, fk audrtd gdfufkr \ 27 \ 27 - - 24 24 Q Q.. Wd mk prjpudstj qud fk kguaufkgc÷i hd prjtdáiks jxchkhks rdfkgcjikhk gji fk dhkh sd hdbd k ui kuaditj hdf hkûj jxchktcvj hd fks prjtdáiks jk kabjs, yk uik hcsaciugc÷i hd fk hdorkhkgc÷i y rdpkrkgc÷i hd fks prjtdáiks jxchkhks \ 25 \ 25 Q. Dst Dstdd hdtdrcjrj hd fk prjtdjstkscs ds ui ekgtjr hd rcdsoj gkrkgtdrástcgj hd augmks pktjfjoáks muakiks y rdprdsditk ui sdffj qud sd gjischdrk qud gjitrcbuyd kf prjgdsj hd divd`dgcacditj \ 2? \ 2? Q. Q. Df pkpdf hd fk euigc÷i hd gmkpdrjik y fk jxchkgc÷i, df pfdokacditj cigjrrdgtj y fk kordokgc÷i scauftëidk hd prjtdáiks di jrokicsajs divd`dgchjs, suocdrdi qud fk prdsdrvkgc÷i hd fk mjadjstkscs hd fks prjtdáiks y fk jrokiczkgc÷i hd prjtdáiks k fkroj pfkzj tcdidi ui pkpdf capjrtkitd di fk idurjhdodidrkgc÷i y df divd`dgcacditj ; divd`dgcacditj ; , , 2= , 2= , 23 Q. 23 Q.
8 Dstrãs DR y fk rdspudstk hd prjtdáik hdspfdokhk Kuiqud sd mk hdsgrctj qud fjs adgkicsajs hcedrdigckfds dstëi civjfugrkhjs di hcedrditds gjihcgcjids idurjhdodidrktcvks, idurjhdodidrktcvks, df dstrãs hdf rdtágufj dihjpfësacgj (RD) dstë gkhk vdz aës capfcgkhj gjaj ui ekgtjr gfkvd rdfdvkitd pkrk fk pktjoãidscs hd fk DK y jtrks diedradhkhd diedradhkhdss 7> , , 7; Q. 7; Q. Fk kguaufkgc÷i hd prjtdáiks akf pfdokhks j ajhcecgkhks hd idurjhdodidrktcvks \ \ 7> idurjhdodidrktcvks akidrk hdecgcditd hditrj hdf RD, kftdrk fk mjadjstkscs hdf RD, hkihj fuokr kf dstrãs hdf RD, 72 , , 77 Q. 77 Q. qud hk gjaj rdsuftkhj fk kgtcvkgc÷i hd fk rdspudstk hd fk prjtdáik hdspf hdspfdok dokh hk (T (T^R) ^R) \\ 72 7; , , 78 78 Q0 Q0 Df D^T capfcgk capfcgk \\ 7; • rdoufkgc÷i kf kfzk hd fks prjtdáiks kgjapkûkitds pkrk prjajvdr df pfdokacditj hd prjtdáiks,
• ktdiukgc÷i trksfkgcjikf pkrk rdhugcr fk gkrok hd prjtdáiks hditrj hdf RD pkrk dvctkr uik akyjr kguaufkgc÷i hd prjtdáiks akf pfdokhks, • rdoufkgc÷i pjsctcvk hd fk hdorkhkgc÷i hd prjtdáiks ksjgckhk k DR (DRKH) y • kutjekock pkrk prjajvdr fk hdorkhkgc÷i hd prjtdáiks akf pfdokhks
^jr fj tkitj, fk kgtcvkgc÷i hd fk T^R pjr dstrãs DR `udok ui pkpdf euihkaditkf di df akitdicacditj hd fk prjtdjstkscs prjtdjstkscs gd gdffufkr ufkr \ \ 74 74 , , 75 75 Q. Q. Di gcrguistkigc gcrguistkigcks ks hd dstrãs DR gr÷icgj j prjfjiokhj, prjfjiokhj, sci dabkroj, fk T^R pkrdgd hdsdigkhdikr gksgkhks hd sdûkfczkgc÷i kpjpt÷tcgks \ 7 \ 7?? , 7= Q. Fk Fk rdspudstk hd DR
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G. Bjbjrc y gjf.
cigfuyd gkabcjs di prjtdáiks dspdgáecgks, qud pudhdi gkuskr ktdiukgc÷i trksfkgcjikf, cihuggc÷i hd gmkpdrjiks DR y hdorkhkgc÷i hd prjtdáiks akf pfdokhks \ 73 \ 73 Q. Q. Di Di ggksj ksj hd dstrãs DR prjfjiokhj j korkvkhj, sd dstcaufk fk sdûkfczkgc÷i kpjpt÷tcgk, fj qud gjihugd k fk audrtd Q. Fks Fks euigcjids euigcjids hukfds hdf dstrãs DR pkrdgd gkabckr hd prj-supdrvcvdigck k gdfufkr \ 8> \ 8> Q. prj-kpjptjscs \ 8; \ 8; - - 87 87 Q Q..
4 kgjapkûkitds y diedradhkhds Fks gmkpdrjiks ajfdgufkrds tcdidi ui pkpdf jaicprdsditd di df scstdak hd gjitrjf hd gkfchkh hd fks prjtdáiks. Fks prjtdáiks akf pfdokhks sudfdi rdpfdokrsd gji fk kyuhk hd gmkpdrjids ajfdgufkrds y / j hdorkhkrsd adhckitd df scstdak ubcquctcik-prj ubcquctcik-prjtdksjak. tdksjak. Di augmjs dstuhcjs sd prjaudvdi fjs dedgtjs prjtdgtjrds hd fk sjbrddxprdsc÷i hd gmkpdrjiks di ajhdfjs hd diedradhkh hd pfdokacditj cigjrrdgtj. Df pkpdf hd fjs hcedrditds kgjapkûkitds, su euigc÷i y su ksjgckgc÷i di hcedrditds diedradhkhdss idurjf÷ocgks sd rdsuad di fk tkbfk hd fk sdggc÷i hdf Kpãihcgd. diedradhkhd
4.; Diedradhkh hd Kfzmdcadr
Fks ecbrks hd kacfjchd, ǁ kordokgc÷i, sji ui dstkhj hd kordokgc÷i bcdi gkrkgtdrczkhj ksjgckhj Q. Ukrc Ukrcjs js dstuhcjs mki civdstcokhj df pkpdf hd fks prjtdáiks gji fk diedradhkh hd Kfzmdcadr \ 88 \ 88 Q. Q. Kfouij Kfouijss dstuhcjs suocdrdi qud fk cihuggc÷i hd pdqudûks hd gmjqud tãracgj di fk DK \ 84 \ 84 Q. prjtdáiks hd gmjqud tãracgj, Msp?>, prjtdod k fks idurjiks hd fk kordokgc÷i hd prjtdáiks y 85 , 8? Q. 8? Q. Khdaës hd MW^?>, df gjapfd`j hd Msp3> tkabcãi pudhd cimcbcr fk fk tjxcgchkh \ tjxcgchkh \ 85 ejrakgc÷i hd ǁ y rkfditczkr fk vdfjgchkh hd kordokgc÷i \ 8= \ 8= Q. Q. Jtrjs dstuhcjs ajstrkrji qud fk ubcquctcik (uik prjtdáik hd gmjqud tãracgj, qud dtcqudtk fks prjtdáiks hkûkhks y fks hcrcod k fk hdorkhkgc÷i prjtdjfátcgk) sd vd kedgtkhk pjr fk diedradhkh hd Kfzmdcadr, di fks idurjiks y tdrkpãutcgkaditd itd di fjs kstrjgctjs gcrguihkitds \ 8 \ 833 Q. Df pkpdf qud fks MW^ pudhdi kgtukr tdrkpãutcgkad gjaj koditds idurjprjtdgtjrds, kf ajhufkr fk kgtcvkgc÷i ciauid ciiktk, sd rdvcsk di \ 4> 4> Q. Q.
4.2 Diedradhkh hd ^krlcisji
Fk diedradhkh hd ^krlcisji ds df sdouihj trkstjrij hdf ajvcacditj aës gjaði, gkrkgtdrczkhj pjr hdecgcdigcks ajtjrks0 brkhcgcidsck, brkhcgcidsck, rcochdz y tdabfjr di rdpjsj, gkuskhj pjr uik hdodidrkgc÷i prjordscvk hd fks idurjiks hjpkaciãrocgks di fk sustkigck idork. 4; idork. 4; Q Q.. Ti Ti iðadrj grdgcditd hd prudbks audstrk qud df dstrãs hdf rdtágufj dihjpfësacgj y fk rdspudstk hd fk prjtdáik hdspfdokhk tkabcãi sji dfdaditjs gfkvd hd fk dtcjfjoák hd fk diedradhkh hd 42 Q. Q. Dstjs Dstjs rdsuftkhjs suocdrdi uik dstrktdock tdrkpãutcgk prjpudstk pkrk ksdourkr ^krlcisji \ \ 42 df pfdokacditj hd prjtdáiks kprjpckhj y dvctkr df dstrãs hdf RD. Dstj rdqucdrd uik rdh hd gmkpdrjik quáacgk j ajfdgufkr decgcditd pkrk prjajvdr df pfdokacditj kprjpckhj hd Q. Wd Wd dstëi hdskrrjffkihj vkrcks tdrkpcks bkskhk bkskhkss di gmkpdrjiks, guyj jb`dtcvj ds prjtdáiks \ 4 \ 477 Q. prdvdicr fk ejrakgc÷i hd jfco÷adrjs y kordokhjs hd sciugfdáik pjtdigckfaditd t÷xcgjs \ 48 \ 48 Q. Q.
Gmkpdrjiks ajfdgufkrds di diedradhkhds idurjhdodidrktcvks0 uik brdvd rdsdûk
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4.7 Dsgfdrjscs fktdrkf kacjtr÷ecgk Fk dsgfdrjscs fktdrkf kacjtr÷ecgk, tkabcãi gjijgchk gjaj DFK, ds uik diedradhkh idurjhdodidrktcvk idurjhdodidrk tcvk qud kedgtk k fks idurjiks ajtjrks supdrcjrds d ciedrcjrds. Fjs kiëfcscs ajfdgufkrds mki hdajstrkhj qud fk diedradhkh sd hdbd prcigcpkfaditd k uik autkgc÷i di WJH; (supdr÷xchj hcsautksk hd Gu / Pi) j di ETW (e uscjikhj uscjikhj di df skrgjak) \\ 44 44 Q. Q. Fk WJH; autkitd dstë rdfkgcjikhk gji fk rdh Msp?> / Msp3> y su hdorkhkgc÷i pkrdgd dstkr rdoufkhk 45 Q. Q. WJH; ubcquctcikhj ejrak kordokhjs, qud dstëi ksjgckhjs pjr GMC^, jtrk gj-gmk gj-gmkpdrjik pdrjik \\ 45 gji Msg?> qud pjhráki prjtdodr k Wjh; hd fk hdorkhkgc÷i, acditrk acditrkss qud Msp?> fj ekvjrdgd \\ 4? 4? Q. Fks Fks ds dstrktdocks trktdocks tdrkpãutcgks qud cimcbdi fk Msp3> y kuaditki fk kgtcvchkh hd fk Msp?> sd civdstcoki di kfouijs ajhdfjs hd DFK gdfufkrds y kicakfds \ 4 \ 4== Q.
4.8 Diedradhkh hd Muitciotji
Fks cigfuscjids hd tcpj kacfjchd tkabcãi sd mki ksjgckhj gji fk diedradhkh hd Muitciotji 43 (DM), qud ds gkuskhk pjr rdpdtcgcjids hd pjfcofutkacik dxpkihchks dxpkihchks di fk prjtdáik Muitciotci \\ 43 Q. Fk Fk DM DM ds uik diedradhkh idurjhdodidrktcvk kutjs÷acgk hjacikitd y mdrdhctkrck qud sd gjigditrk di fk rdoc÷i hd fjs okiofcjs bkskfds y gkusk prjbfdaks aditkfds, dajgcjikfds y ajtjrds k fjs pkgcditds. Di Muitciotji, df odi rdspjiskbfd (CX;4) hd fk prjhuggc÷i hd fk prjtdáik muitciotcik dstë autkhj prjvjgkihj uik rdpdtcgc÷i dxpkihchk hdf trciugfd÷tchj GKO, qud k su vdz mkgd qud fk mdbrk hd pjfcofutkacik prjhugchk sdk t÷xcgk pkrk df gdrdbrj. Gjaj rdsuftkhj, fks idurjiks qud gjitcdidi fk prjtdáik autkitd gjacdizki k ktrjeckrsd \ 5> \ 5> , , 5; Q. Fk Fk e e uigc÷i uigc÷i ijrakf hd fk muitciotcik ds akitdidr fks gãfufks gdrdbrkfds di budiks gjihcgcjids y kyuhkr di fjs prjgdhcacditjs prjgdhcacditjs citrkgdfufkrds. Fk autkgc÷i kf gjacdizj hdf odi hd fk muitciotcik prjvjgk fk hdsdstkbcfczkgc÷i hdsdstkbcfczkgc÷i hd fk prjtdáik qud gjihugd k prjbfdaks< citdrecdrd gji fk euigc÷i tápcgk hd \ 52 \ 52 Q. Q. Fk muitc muitciotcik iotcik autkitd (a-mtt) kedgtk k augmks prjtdáiks gctjpfksaëtcgks gctjpfksaëtcgks qud dstëi rdfkgcjikhks gji fk kpjptjscs, fk trkisgrcpgc÷i, fk euigc÷i actjgjihrckf y jtrks vctkfds pkrk fjs prjgdhcacditjs gdfufkrds. A-mtt sd uid k jtrks prjtdáiks ejrakihj kordokhjs kordokhjs hd prjtdáiks. Fk kordokgc÷i hd prjtdáiks ds df edi÷adij gukihj fks prjtdáiks akf pfdokhks sd korupki hditrj j eudrk hd fk gãfufk. Dsks ejraks sji t÷xcgks pkrk fk gãfufk y rdhugdi fk euigc÷i hdf scstdak prjtdksjak hd ubcquctcik (T^W) \\ 57 57 , , 58 Q. 58 Q.
4.4 Diedradhkh hd Gmkrgjt-Akrcd-Xjjtm
Idurjpktáks hdsacdfciczkitds kutjs÷acgks hjacikitds GAX; (diedradhkh hd Gmkrgjt-Akrcd-Xjjtm Gmkrgjt-Akrcd-Xjjt m tcpj ;) sd ksjgck gji uik hupfcgkgc÷i kutjs÷acgk hjacik hjacikitd itd di ui gcigj gj Q. Q. grjajsjak qud cigfuyd df odi hd fk prjtdáik 22 hd acdfcik pdrceãrcgk (^A^22) \ sdsditk \ sdsditk yy gci Gukihj sd sjbrddxprdsk di gãfufks guftcvkhks, sd mk jbsdrvkhj qud ^A^22 ejrak prjtdáiks
228
G. Bjbjrc y gjf.
kordokhjs \ 55 \ 55 Q Q.. Di jtrjs dstuhcjs sd digjitr÷ qud fk prjtdáik WCA^FD akf pfdokhk ejrak kordokhjs gctjs÷fcgjs kijrakfds. Dstjs mkffkzojs suocdrdi qud fk GAX hdsacdfciczkitd pudhd sdr uik diedradhkh hdf pfdokacditj cigjrrdgtj hd prjtdáiks hd fks gãfufks hd Wgmwkii \ 5? \ 5? Q. Q.
4.5 Diedradhkh hd Grdutzedfht-@kljb y jtrks digdekfjpktáks prc÷icgks Fks prjtdáiks prc÷icgks hd dspdgcds hd akaáedrjs sji prjpdisks k diedradhkhds prc÷icgks hd tcpj 5= Q. Q. Di augmjs dstuhcjs sd adigcjik qud fjs kacfjchd, gjaj fk diedradhkh hd Grdutzed Grdutzedfh-@kljb fh-@kljb \\ 5= ; Q. Q. Wd digjitr÷ gmkpdrjids citditki bfjqudkr fks supdrecgcds hd gjitkgtj hd fks ajfã aj fãgufks gufks prc÷icgks \\ ; qud augmks gmkpdrjiks, gjaj Msp5>, Msp?> j su gj-gmkpdrjik, Msp8>, fugmki gjitrk fk kordokgc÷i hd prcjids \ 53 \ 53 , , ?> Q. ?> Q. Fk mcp÷tdscs mcp÷tdscs hd fk ‖sjbrdgkrok hd kgjapkûkitds‑ diektczk fk idgdschkh hd ejraks decgcditds hd ad`jrkr fk gkpkgchkh hd fjs kgjapkûkitds di su`dtjs hd dhkh kvkizkhk y dxcod fk chditcecgkgc÷i chditcecgkgc÷ i y euturk ‖rdpkrkgc÷i‑ hd autkgcjids scfdigcjsks \ ; \ ; Q.
4.? Gjigfuscjids Fks civdstcokgcjids suocdrdi qud fk kordokgc÷i hd prjtdáiks ds pkrtd hd fk rdspudstk gdfufkr k uik mjadjstkscs hd prjtdáiks hdsdqucfcbrkhk. hdsdqucfcbrkhk. Df citdisj citdrãs hd fk civdstcokgc÷i pkrk hdsditrkûkr df scoicecgkhj ecscjpktjf÷ocgj hd dstks prjtdáiks kordscvks mk rdvdfkhj df capjrtkitd pkpdf hd fks gmkpdrjiks di fk prjtdjstkscs, kf prjajvdr df pfdokacditj gjrrdgtj hd fks prjtdáiks di sus gjiejrakgcjids gjiejrakgcji ds iktcvks. ^jr fj tkitj, fks dstrktdocks tdrkpãutcgks ijvdhjsks hdbdráki kpuitkr kf pkpdf hd fjs kgjapkûkitds pkrk prdvdicr df pfdokacditj cigjrrdgtj hd prjtdáiks y prjajvdr df akitdicacditj akitdicacdi tj hd fk mjadjstkscs gdfufkr.
Kpãihcgd
224
Gmkpdrjiks ajfdgufkrds di diedradhkhds idurjhdodidrktcvks0 uik brdvd rdsdûk
k h k i j c g k f d r h k h d a r d e i D
b j l k @ t h , f h d k e h z t d u a r d e r d G i d
r d , i i j a c j t d s o i i m c c t z f l i r K k u d ^ M h d d h h h h k h k h k h d h d d a a r r a r d e d e e d i i i D D d
) j h k u i c t i j g (
s d i j c r p r j p s d h k h d a r d e i D
H M
k i c t g d f d h s d i j r d p k m G
s k g c t s c r d t g k r k G
f d p k ^
s k i á d t j r p d h i ÷ c g g u h k r t k f r d i d t d H
i ÷ c g k z c f k g j F
R D d h i d a u F
d t i k û k p a R j g ^ K T
s k h k o d f p f k a s k i á d t j r p d h i ÷ c g k h k r o d H
d h c s s j k t p a r d j j u p e k q s k i d h . ÷ a c i s j g s d ÷ k r j z c k c d f f f g g k u u g u û h g i d j d s r f j d d p a h I h k d H ` s f s k K k f k i á k i b k v t j a s r i r k k k d d s i v p j c t t a k i d s g u m f c K k g D m
s k i u o f k i d j h k o d f p d h i ÷ c g k a r s j e k i á c i d r t c t j c r a p s s i k k r t r X j
s j i k g c f o d h j t i d c a k s d g j r ^
i
d f h j r t s i k á j i g d d t r h j r p j s t c k i f j k g a k f t d k h y d d t r g k j p i j k g d a r r d j e u i c q x h d k i c f h k f k G g
j d f g ð I
R D d h i d a u F
i ÷ r d p k m g r d a c r ^
k i c f u g c t d r f k G / k i c x d i f k G
j g c r ã t s d i ÷ r d p k m G
k h c p ë r k i u k r k p f k a r j i k k a r j e . d i ÷ h c s g k k h h k k r o o d f d p h
s k i á d t j r p d h j h k o d f ^
k
i r d k d d j h f t s k h j s b k r s k f r j k u g k k f i p k p á d o d j c x r d d g f h c c p t d g t p k r f i k j d a d k r s s R k á p i r k p D ë r b t d k d f k d k u p j t i p a j d i r r d q j p d t a k d k i k h i k h p f k f u t c i i k d û i d v . u m k d h d d c p s b g h j o f k k f a k k f k y u j i j i h d c i g d s g f c á u k h k k s f k t O , u q j g k u h d d k ÷ g d ˜ c r g g a k f h i c h j C i c t f r o g d d t s . d j u j f d o d j d t k s r f g r r c f h d i k f k c a t j g d k p h r t c j d d i f g f g G a r j s k h d f k d p k g c i M d k d f a u h k G W d k E A h F a
225
G. Bjbjrc y gjf.
k h k i j c g k f d r h k h d a r d e i D
) j h k u i c t i g j (
s k g c t s c r d t g k r k G
f d p k ^
s k g c s ë f g j i s d r s k f d u f g b k d f o j d f a p s s k k i i j r j r d d p p k k m m G G
i ÷ c g k z c f k g j F
s t s k y j c k c r r k h g i u j d g d j t h R R c R D D A D
k i c f k t s c r G
s d h k h d a r d e i d , M s D k , g ^ c D i ÷ , c K r D p
s f s k j k h D i s k R á d j o f t t c d f d j r g p i p f f d s k k i k d f t a ÷ i c s g j f d k i j a i k á d t s d t d g t d r u d j r u q r p s j r r k h j g d i i s g k d k c j h t i u c h j y a k g k r o d f d d R y p p
^ H K / ^ X K , j g c a r ã t d u q j m g d h s k i á d t j r ^
d h f k i c a r d t I j c i c a j h i u d h k t s i j g > ? p s M
s d f k r d i d o s d i j r d p k m G
h k h c f k g d h f j r t i j G
f k k f s k . d h s h k j g c j o b d f d j t u p ÷ e i q f j r d k j f h > c c a b a 3 k f s m p o d k s s d i i t á j M f d p / d s d t i d > r j j a > y h r p o ; i k d r d p ÷ g h s s c s u g M k f u j i ÷ s c v k o g i d c k k r i á o d d s t o k i d c r r s ë j t r d s o i ^ h D k u
R D
R D
H ^ , H K
J C G I T I K
? 8 p s M j i d o ë f j g j r p d h k i j r d p k m G
d t i k û k p a j g K
s k g c i ÷ c r p s d h k h d a r d e i d , M D
3 2 p R D / ? 8 p s M
. > ? p s M k i á d t j r p k i u s d l k i H
? 4 p R D / C ^ ^ / C H ^
s k i k r b a d a d h s ã v k r t k d t r j p s i k r X
k c g i d r ; d e 5 s g i d k r W t d k h i s k ) d r i b k j i á r d a d p d t k j m A r G ( p
s d s k h f j E
G p , r O s / D @ j k r O i H / / f D l j k r i O H
k j > k t 8 , r h k p ) t u s s s y j M u i k u d h u ( y s f h c ) d s s d L > h k d t r i ? s 4 p i ? H s k k á û d i M i k h j d d t p k g h j r a i k d p j á ð t s g d t i t k j g k k f k s r r r j ( d û f p k t p k r d @ k i h i c t a u j H d j i s u g p k T d q k g
> 8 p s M d h j i u s d @ k i H
s d s k h f j M
8 3 ^ R O , 7 ^ 4 c ^ p B s / > c B M = ? / / ? ; ? @ ^ ^ 4 k i R R p r H O O D
> 3 p s M / > > ; p s M / > 5 p s M
> 8 p s M / > ? p s M
d h f k i c a r d t G j c i c a j h i u y ^ X K k i ÷ c i u
s j h c t p ã p k i ÷ c i u
f d i j g j t i u ` > i 8 j p g s i M d d k ` h k i b ÷ r k r t d p > k ? m p g s j M g
Gmkpdrjiks ajfdgufkrds di diedradhkhds idurjhdodidrktcvks0 uik brdvd rdsdûk
i m j r G d h h k h d a r d e i d , K D
i d h d u p k f u f ã g k i u i d s k i á d t j r p s k F
f j k c a j g r g , k s p d r d j u t o g k e d c f d p h s h d h k h i d c u r r k v k t k i i d u a k c j r d h c p b x d d h
. g t d , M p d h j c b a k g , k r u t k r d p a d t d h j t i d a u k
j i i d h d u p i ã c b a k t s k i á d t j r p s k i u o f K
k f d h s ã u p s d h s j v c t k i s j h k t s d s u s r k z i k g f k
s k i á d t j r p s k t s d , j h k t f u s d r j a j G . s c s d t i á s
i k t p j h k
K . i ÷ c g k o d r o k k f k s j s i d p j r p s j h k t s d
i u s k k j f k a d h i j f u g k r d k r s u d i > t d ? g k p y o " s r M s j u k k i t á s d o d t d s d j i u r ë c q p h r s r k k m k t c c u v g " d h o
s k h k o d f p f k a s k i á d t j r p
D R f d d h s d h s k c g i k t s u s k r a k t r s k j f p p j s t i c g k r f X k
k i c t g d f d h s d i j r d p k m g i j g k ð t g k r d t i C
k i c t c u q c b u k i ÷ c i u d h k i á d t j r ^
d h j t i d c a k o d f p f d r k f u h j A
. s k h k z c t d t i c s i ã c g d r s k i á d t j r p j g c f o
i s c ÷ j d t r i . p s d c x k j r a v d k d p k c t h s o g d f k d p d h f p v c k d s i s h d r f d d r h s j k t i p c h j x c c s g d s g k u k k q i á d i p r k j c s g d t g k k f f j f j r d k p r r r s k t D j f p R g k k f d d h d W h k h
R D
R D
R ^ T k f d h d t r k ^
á k i d i c t s j r ) j ) f p k d i ? v 3 ( d c p p t / = i g ^ 8 j g d G h u U G q (
) 7 K j g k c r i á ã d a t j j s r c p j ( r u 7 e K f C u H s c ^ h
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k
22?
22=
G. Bjbjrc y gjf.
Rdedrdigcks ;. Wõtc, G. y ^. Gsdradfy. 2>>2. Gmkpdrjids y divd`dgcacditj0 pkpdf di fk idurjhdodidrkgc÷i y di jtrks diedradhkhds hd fk gcvcfczkgc÷i. Idurjquáacgk Citdrikgcjikf 8; (5)0 7=7‗7=3. 2. Xcrjfc-Gdpdhk, KJ y GMC Rkajs. 2>;;. Tik hdsgrcpgc÷i odidrkf hdf pkpdf hd fks gmkpdrjiks ajfdgufkrds di fk mjadjstkscs hd prjtdáiks. Fdtrks hd prjtdáiks y pãptchjs ;= (2)0 ;>;‗;>3.
7. Wmkrak, WL, ^. Gmrcstdi y ^. Ojfjubcijee. 2>>3. Hdskordokr gmkpdrjids0 uik mcstjrck di Gcdigck kgtukf hd prjtdáiks y pãptchjs
hdskrrjffj. ;> (4)0kf872‗885. 8. Eufhk, W., KA Ojraki, J. Mjrc y K. Wkakfc. 2>;>. Rdspudstks dstrãs gdfufkr0 supdrvcvdigck gdfufkr y audrtd gdfufkr. Rdvcstk Citdrikgcjikf hd Bcjfjoák Gdfufkr 2>;>0 2;8>?8. 4. ^cigus, H., K. Krkihk-Hákz, CK Pufdtk, ^. _kftdr y M. Df-Wkakh. 2>;8. Fk sdûkfczkgc÷i rdtkrhkhk hd Rks / ^LK kuaditk fk rdspudstk hd fk prjtdáik hdspfdokhk. prjgdhcacditjs hd fk Kgkhdack Ikgcjikf hd Gcdigcks ;;; (8;)0 ;8,=>>-;8,=>4. 5. ^rktt, _B y HJ Xjet. 2>>7. Rdoufkgc÷i hd fk euigc÷i hd fk prjtdáik hd sdûkfczkgc÷i y trëecgj pjr fk akqucikrck gmkpdrjik bkskhk di Msp3> / Msp?>. Bcjfjoák y Adhcgcik Dxpdrcaditkf Dxpdrcaditkf 22= (2)0 ;;;-;77. ?. Mjio, HW, T. Bkidr`c, B. Xkvkik, OG Odjrod, @. Kkrji y R. Lurzrjgl. 2>;7. Kpuitkihj k fk prjtdáik hd gmjqud tãracgj 3> hd gmkpdrjik ajfdgufkr (Msp3>)0 fdggcjids kprdihchks y hcrdggcjids euturks. Rdsdûks hd trktkacditjs gjitrk df gëigdr 73 (8)0 7?4‗7=?.
=. Ajrdij Ojizëfdz, C. y G. Wjtj. 2>;;. Kordokhjs hd prjtdáiks akf pfdokhks0 adgkicsajs, dstrugturks y pjtdigckf hd trkisacsc÷i hd diedradhkhds. Di Wdacikrcjs di Bcjfjoák Gdfufkr y hdf Hdskrrjffj, vjf. 22, 8=2‗8=?. Iudvk Sjrl0 Dfsdvcdr. 3. Hjbsji, GA 2>>7. ^fdokhj y pfdokhj cigjrrdgtj hd prjtdáiks. Ikturkfdzk 825 (535=)0 ==8‗=3>. ;>. @mk, W. 2>>3. Bcjfjoák ajfdgufkr hdf pfdokacditj hd prjtdáiks, vjf. =8. Kastdrhka0 kgkhãacgj.
;;. Rjss, GK y AK ^jcrcdr. 2>>8. Kordokgc÷i hd prjtdáiks y diedradhkh idurjhdodidrktcvk. Ikturkfdzk Rdsdûks Idurjgcdigck 40 W;> ‗ W;?. ;2. Bdrodr, ^., K. Icdakii y T. Wutdr. 2>>5. Fks gãfufks hd Wgmwkii y fk pktjodick hd fks idurjpktáks ajtjrks y sdisjrckfds mdrdhkhks (diedradhkh hd Gmkrgjt-Akrcd-Xjjtm). Ofck 48 (8)0 287-24?. ;7. Ljj, DM, ^X Fkisbury y @_ Ldffy. ;333. Diedradhkhds kacfjchds0 kordokgc÷i kijrakf hd prjtdáiks di fk idurjhdodidrkgc÷i. prjgdhcacditjs hd fk Kgkhdack Ikgcjikf hd Gcdigcks 35 (;=)0 33=3‗
333>.
;8. ^fkitã-Bjrhdiduvd, U. y O. Wkch. 2>;;. ^jfcidurjpkták kacfjchd kacfjchd ekacfckr. Fk fkigdtk Idurjfjoák ;> (;2)0 ;>=5‗;>3?.
;4. _jjh, @., X. Bdku`dux y ^. Wmkw. 2>>7. Kordokgc÷i hd prjtdáiks di trkstjrijs hd idurjiks ajtjrks. Idurjpktjfjoák y idurjbcjfjoák kpfcgkhk 23 (5)0 423‗484.
;5. Xydhadrs, @., K. Ajol y B. Bulku. 2>; 2>;>. >. Dstrktdocks gdfufkrds pkrk df gjitrjf hd fk kordokgc÷i hd prjtdáiks. Ikturd Rdvcdws Bcjfjoák gdfufkr ajfdgufkr ;; (;;)0 ???‗?==. ;?. ^krsdff, HK, KW Ljwkf, AK Wciodr y W. Fcihqucst. ;338. Hdskordokgc÷i hd prjtdáiks adhckhk pjr fk prjtdáik hd gmjqud tãracgj Mspf>8. Ikturkfdzk 7?2 (54>4)0 8?4‗8?=.
;=. Bulku, B. y KF Mjrwcgm. ;33=. Fks aëquciks kgjapkûkitds kgjapkûkitds Msp?> y Msp5>. 32 (7)0 74;‗755.
Gãfufk
;3. Mkrtf, ET y A. Mkydr-Mkrtf. 2>>2. Gmkpdrjiks Gmkpdrjiks ajfdgufkrds di df gctjsjf0 hd prjtdáik ikgcditdgkhdik k pfdokhk. Gcdigcks 234 (445;)0 ;=42‗;=4=. 2>. Krcks, D. y KA Gudrvj. 2>;;. Kutjekock adhckhk pjr gmkpdrjik di df gjitrjf hd fk gkfchkh hd fks prjtdáiks. Jpcic÷i kgtukf di bcjfjoák gdfufkr 27 (2)0 ;=8‗;=3.
2;. Ljok, M. y KA Gudrvj. 2>;;. Hcseuigc÷i hd kutjekock adhckhk pjr gmkpdrjik di fk pktjodick hd fk idurjhdodidrkgc÷i. Idurjbcjfjoák hd fk diedradhkh 87 (;)0 23‗7?.
22. Jrdistdci, W@ y KA Gudrvj. 2>;>. Kutjekock adhckhk pjr gmkpdrjik gmkpdrjiks0 s0 adgkicsajs ajfdgufkrds y rdfdvkigck ecscjf÷ocgk. Wdacikrcjs di Bcjfjoák Gdfufkr y hdf Hdskrrjffj 2; (?)0 ?;3‗
?25. 27. Hkvch, HG, I. Jffclkcidi, @G Xrcichkh, A^ Gkry, KF Burfciokad y G. Ldiyji. 2>;>. Kordokgc÷i hd prjtdáiks odidrkfczkhk gjaj pkrtd cimdrditd hdf divd`dgcacditj di G. dfdokis. ^FjW Bcjf
= (=)0 d;>>>,84>.
Gmkpdrjiks ajfdgufkrds di diedradhkhds idurjhdodidrktcvks0 uik brdvd rdsdûk
223
28. Ajrfdy, @E, MR Brcoiuff, @@ _dydrs y RC Ajrcajtj. 2>>2. Df uabrkf pkrk fk kordokgc÷i hd prjtdáiks hd dxpkisc÷i hd pjfcofutkacik y fk tjxcgchkh gdfufkr ds hciëacgj y dstë ciefudigckhj pjr df divd`dgcacditj di Gkdijrmkbhctcs dfdokis. prjgdhcacditjs hd fk Kgkhdack Ikgcjikf hd Gcdigcks 33 (;5)0 ;>,8;?‗;>,822.
24. Jfzsgmk, M., WA Wgmdrakii, KG _jdridr, W. ^cildrt, AM Mdgmt, OO Xkrtkofck, A. Udihrusgjfj, A. Mkydr-Mkrtf, ET Mkrtf y RA Ukbufks. 2>;;. Fjs kordokhjs hd tcpj kacfjchd sdgudstrki iuadrjsks prjtdáiks adtkdstkbfds gji euigcjids gdfufkrds dsdigckfds. Gãfufk ;88 (;)0 5?‗?=. 25. Ercoudt, B. 2>>5. Hdorkhkgc÷i y rdpkrkgc÷i hd prjtdáiks jxchkhks di df divd`dgcacditj y df dstrãs jxchktcvj. EDBW
Fdtrks 4=> (;2)0 23;>‗23;5.
2?. F÷pdz-Jtái, G., AK Bfksgj, F. ^krtrchod, A. Wdrrkij y O. Lrjdadr. 2>;7. Fks sdûks hd chditchkh hdf divd`dgcacditj. Gãfufk ;47 (5)0 ;;38-;2;?. 2=. Fdkl, RL 2>;8. ^rjtdáiks hd gmjqud tãracgj di trkstjrijs idurjhdodidrktcvjs y divd`dgcacditj. Hckrcj hd Gjauicgkgc÷i y sdûkfczkgc÷i gdfufkr = (8)0 237‗7;>.
23. Udrbdld, ^., @. Ejikodr, BE Gfkrl y WC Rkttki. 2>>;. Rdspudstk kf gmjqud tãracgj y divd`dgcacditj0 adgkicsajs y kpfcgkgcjids. Citdrikgcjikf hd Bcjfjoák Gdfufkr 24 (3)0 =84‗=4?. 7>. ^drdcrk, GA 2>;7. Grugd ditrd df dstrãs hdf rdtágufj dihjpfësacgj y df pfdokacditj cigjrrdgtj hd prjtdáiks di diedradhkhds idurjhdodidrktcvks. Bcjfjoák gdfufkr CWRI 2>;70 ;‗22.
7;. ^drrc, DR, G@ Xmjaks, W. ^krklm, HA Wpdigdr y @H Ktlci. 2>;4. Fk rdspudstk hd fk prjtdáik hdspfdokhk y df pkpdf hd fk prjtdáik hcsufeurj csjadrksk di fk idurjhdodidrkgc÷i. Erjitdrks di bcjfjoák gdfufkr y hdf hdskrrjffj 70=>. 72. Wkfacidi, K., K. Lkuppcidi, X. Wuurjidi, L. Lkkricrkitk y @. J`kfk. 2>>3. Dstrãs hd dadrodigck di fk diedradhkh hd kfzmdcadr0 ui hdsdigkhdikitd idurjikf ijvdhjsj pkrk fk ciefkakgc÷i y fk pktjfjoák hd kfzmdcadr. Rdvcstk hd idurjci fl kakgc÷i 5 (;)0 ;. 77. Wgmrõhdr, A. y R@ Lkueaki. 2>>4. Fk rdspudstk prjtdcgk hdspfdokhk hd fjs akaáedrjs. Kiukf Rdvcsc÷i hd bcjquáacgk ?80 ?73‗?=3.
78. Rkj, RU y HD Brdhdsdi. 2>>8. ^rjtdáiks akf pfdokhk pfdokhks, s, dstrãs hdf rdtágufj dihjpfësacgj y idurjhdodidrkgc÷i. Jpcic÷i kgtukf di bcjfjoák gdfufkr ;5 (5)0 547‗552. 74. Akicã, WI, @. Fdbdku y D. Gmdvdt. 2>;8. Adgkicsajs gdfufkrds hd sdûkfczkgc÷i hd dstrãs hdf rdtágufj dihjpfësacgj di skfuh y diedradhkh. 7. Jrqudstkihj fk rdspudstk hd fk prjtdáik hdspfdokhk di fk jigjoãidscs0 uik kgtukfczkgc÷i. Kadrcgki @jurikf je ^myscjfjoy-Gdff ^myscjfjoy 7>? (;>)0 G3>;‗ G3>?. 75. Xkbks, C. y H. Rji. 2>;;. Citdorkgc÷i hd fjs adgkicsajs hd kpjptjscs cihugchjs pjr dstrãs hdf rdtágufj dihjpfësacgj. Bcjfjoák gdfufkr hd fk ikturkfdzk ;7 (7)0 ;=8-;3>.
7?. Fjoud, WD, ^. Gfdkry, W. Wkvdf`dvk y K. Wkakfc. 2>;7. Iudvks hcrdggcjids di DR audrtd gdfufkr cihugchk pjr dstrãs. Kpjptjscs ;= (4)0 47?‗485.
7=. Rutljwslc, HX y R@ Lkueaki. 2>>?. Fj qud ij ad aktk ad mkgd aës eudrtd0 khkptkrad kf dstrãs gr÷icgj. Xdihdigcks di gcdigcks bcjquáacgks 72 (;>)0 853‗8?5. 73. Fcihmjfa, H., M. _jjtz y F. Ljrmjidi. 2>>5. Dstrãs di urodigcks y diedradhkhds idurjhdodidrktcvks. Hcedrdigckgc÷i y audrtd gdfufkr ;7 (7)0 7=4‗732. 8>. Wkij, R. y @G Rddh. 2>;7. Adgkicsajs hd audrtd gdfufkr cihugchjs pjr dstrãs di DR. Bcjgmcacgk dt Bcjpmyscgk Kgtk (BBK) -Civdstcokgc÷i hd gãfufks ajfdgufkrds ;=77 (;2)0 785>‗78?>.
8;. Lkhjwklc, M., M. Icsmctjm y M. Cgmc`j. 2>>8. Wupdrvcvdigck y sdûkfds hd kpjptjscs di df dstrãs dr0 df pkpdf hd fks prjtdáiks quciksks. Rdvcstk hd idurjkiktjaák idurjkiktjaák quáacgk 2= (;)0 37‗;>>. 82. Lca, C., _. ]u y @G Rddh. 2>>=. Audrtd gdfufkr y dstrãs hdf rdtágufj dihjpfësacgj0 rdfdvkigck hd fk diedradhkh y jpjrtuichkhds tdrkpãutcgks. Ikturd Rdvcdws Hdsgubrcacditj hd adhcgkaditjs ? (;2)0 ;>;7‗;>7>.
87. Icsmctjm, M. 2>;2. Gmjp ds ui ekgtjr hd trkisgrcpgc÷i auftceuigcjikf di fk rdspudstk kf dstrãs dr. ;>.;>37 .;>37 / `b / avr;87 , avr;87 , mttp0// `b.jxejrh`jurikfs.jro/ gjitdit / / Rdvcstk hd bcjquáacgk ;4; (7)0 2;?‗2;3. hjc0 ;> ;4;/7 / 2;?.kbstrkgt . 2;?.kbstrkgt . 88. Erjl`kdr, W. y HD Jtzdi. 2>>4. Dstkbcfchkh hd eërakgjs prjtdcgjs0 ui hdskeáj hd ejraufkgc÷i. Ikturkfdzk Rdsdûks Hdsgubrcacditj hd adhcgkaditjs 8 (8)0 23=-7>5.
84. Ksdk, KK d CR Brjwi. 2>>=. Fks prjtdáiks hd gmjqud tãracgj y df gdrdbrj0 capfcgkgcjids pkrk Diedradhkhds idurjhdodidrktcvks idurjhdodidrktcvks y idurjprjtdggc÷i, idurjprjtdggc÷i, vjf. 7. Fjihrds0 Wprciodr Wgcdigd kih Buscidss Adhck.
27>
G. Bjbjrc y gjf.
85. Erkilfci, X., K. Lr Lrudodr-Ikuo, udodr-Ikuo, H. G Gfkrld, fkrld, K^ Krrcoj y R. Gurrcd. 2>>4. Df pk pkpdf pdf hd fks prjtdáiks hd gmjqud tãracgj Msp?> y Msp2? di fk prjtdggc÷i gdfufkr hdf scstdak idrvcjsj gditrkf. Rdvcstk citdrikgcjikf hd mcpdrtdrack 2; (4)0 7?3‗732. 8?. Xurturcgc, O., O. Wgjizj y E. Odrkgc. 2>;;. Msp?> y su pkpdf ajfdgufkr di fks diedradhkhds hdf scstdak idrvcjsj. Civdstcokgc÷i bcjquáacgk citdrikgcjikf 2>;;0 ;‗;=. 8=. Ju, @R, AW Xki, KA ]cd, @X Su y F. Xki. 2>;8. ^rjtdáik hd gmjqud tãracgj 3> di fk diedradhkh hd kfzmdcadr. BcjAdh Rdsdkrgm Citdriktcjikf 2>;80 ?35=53. 83. Fk`tmk, K., O. Ocbsji y O. Hcdidf. 2>>?. Akiukf hd Idurjquáacgk y Ajfdgufkr Idurjbcjfjoák0 prjtdáiks y pãptchjs idurjkgtcvjs, Dh. Lrcdofstdci, @., ;27;82. Iudvk Sjrl0
Wprciodr.
4>. Kajr, W., A. Buockic y @. vki Ijjrt. 2>;5. ^rjtdáiks hd gmjqud tãracgj0 rjfds kitcoujs y iudvjs di diedradhkhds idurjhdodidrktcvks di df scstdak idrvcjsj gditrkf. Jb`dtcvjs hd eërakgjs pkrk trkstjrijs idurjf÷ocgjs y hdf WIG.
4;. Kfdxkihdr, OD 2>>8. Bcjfjoák hd fk diedradhkh hd ^krlcisji0 pktjoãidscs y ecscjpktjfjoák hd ui trkstjrij idurjhdodidrktcvj auftcscstãacgj. Hcëfjojs di idurjgcdigck gfáicgk 50 243‗2=>.
42. Ryu, D@, M^ Mkrhcio, @A Kiodfkstrj, JU Uctjfj, H. Rji y FK Orddid. 2>>2. Dstrãs hdf rdtágufj dihjpfësacgj y fk rdspudstk prjtdcgk hdspfdokhk di ajhdfjs gdfufkrds hd fk diedradhkh hd ^krlcisji. Fk Rdvcstk hd Idurjgcdigck 22 (28)0 ;>,53>‗;>,53=. 47. Ukrak, H. y H. Wdi. 2>;4. ^kpdf hd fk rdspudstk hd fk prjtdáik hdspfdokhk di fk pktjodick hd fk diedradhkh hd ^krlcisji. Kgtk Idurjbcjfjockd Dxpdrcaditkfcs Dxpdrcaditkfcs ?40 ;‗25. 48. Dbrkmcac-Eklmkrc, H., F@ Wkchc y F. _kmfstdr. 2>;7. Gmkpdrjiks ajfdgufkrds y pfdokacditj hd prjtdáiks gjaj hckiks tdrkpãutcgks di fk diedradhkh hd ^krlcisji y jtrks sciugfdcijpktáks. Kgtk Gjauicgkgcjids idurjpktjf÷ocgks ; (;)0 ;.
44. Rdhfdr, RF y IU Hjlmjfyki. 2>;2. Fk gjapfd`k bcjfjoák ajfdgufkr hd fk dsgfdrjscs fktdrkf kacjtr÷ecgk (DFK). ^rjordsj di bcjfjoák ajfdgufkr y gcdigck trksfkgcjikf ;>?0 2;4. 45. Akydr, A. y B. Bulku. 2>>4. Gmkpdrjiks Msp?>0 euigcjid euigcjidss gdfufkrds y adgkicsaj ajfdgufkr. Gcdigcks hd fk vchk gdfufkr y ajfdgufkr 52 (5)0 5?>‗5=8. 4?. Lubjtk, M. 2>>3. Gjitrjf hd gkfchkh gjitrk prjtdáiks akf pfdokhks di df gctjsjf0 uik rdh pkrk fk supdrvcvdigck gdfufkr. Rdvcstk hd bcjquáacgk ;85 (4)0 5>3‗5;5. 4=. Gkraki, K., W. Lcsmcidvsly, _F @jmi Ljrdi CCC y O. Gmcjscs. 2>;7. Idurjhdodidrkgc÷i hdpdihcditd hd fk gmkpdrjik0 uik pdrspdgtcvk ajfdgufkr sjbrd fk citdrvdigc÷i tdrkpãutcgk. Rdvcstk hd fk diedradhkh hd Kfzmdcadr y df pkrlcisjicsaj 2>;7 (Wupf ;>). 43. Adflkic, OG, KW Xru`cffj, R. Rkajs, R. Bjhadr, WC Bdristdci y L. Jgjrr. 2>;7. Fk kacfjchjscs gkrhákgk cihugchk pjr fk diedradhkh hd Muitciotji sd rdvcdrtd ajhufkihj df pfdokacditj hd prjtdáiks y fks váks hdf dstrãs jxchktcvj di df gjrkz÷i hd Hrjsjpmcfk. ^FjW Odidt 3 (;2)0 d;>>8,>28. 5>. ^fdrju, K. y ^. Ufkajs. 2>;4. Dvkfukgc÷i hd euigcjids gjoictcvks aktdaëtcgks gji df usj hd caëodids gdrdbrkfds ddo. Di Wcstdaks auftcadhck dxpdrcaditkfds pkrk fk citdrkgtcvchkh y fk ciijvkgc÷i dstrktãocgk, 2=8-7>5. Mdrsmdy, ^K0 COC Ofjbkf. 5;. ^fdrju, K., G. Bjbjrc y ^. Ufkajs. 2>;4. Bksd ajfdgufkr hd fk diedradhkh hd Muitciotji y dvchdigck hd caëodids gdrdbrkfds. Di Wcapjscj citdrikgcjikf CDDD hd 2>;4 sjbrd prjgdskacditj hd sdûkfds y tdgijfjoák hd fk ciejrakgc÷i (CWW^CX), 7=?‗73;. ^csgktkwky, Iudvk @drsdy0 CDDD. 52. Wgmuftd, @. y @X Fcttfdtji. 2>;;. Fk euigc÷i bcjf÷ocgk hd fk prjtdáik muitciotcik y su rdfdvkigck pkrk fk pktjfjoák hd fk diedradhkh hd Muitciotji. Xdihdigcks kgtukfds di idurjfjoák 4054.
57. Wgmdrzciodr, D., R. Furz, A. Xurakcid, F. Akiockrcic, B. Mjffdibkgm, R. Mksdibkil, O^ Bktds, W_ Hkvcds, M. Fdmrkgm y DD _kildr. ;33?. Fks dxpkiscjids hd pjfcofutka pjfcofutkacik cik gjhcecgkhks pjr muitciotcik ejraki kordokhjs hd prjtdáiks hd tcpj kacfjchd ci vctrj d ci vcvj.Gãfufk Gãfufk 3> (7)0 483‗44=. 58. Wtdekic, A. y GA Hjbsji. 2>>7. Kordokgc÷i hd prjtdáiks y tjxcgchkh kordokhk0 iudvjs gjijgcacditjs sjbrd df pfdokacditj hd prjtdáiks, diedradhkhds hd pfdokacditj cigjrrdgtj y dvjfugc÷i bcjf÷ocgk. Rdvcstk hd Ajfdgufkr Adhcgkaditj =; (;;)0 5?=‗533.
54. Fupslc, @R, RA hd Jgk-Fuik, W. Wfkuodi Wfkuodimkupt, mkupt, F. ^ditkj, U. Ouzzdttk, B@ Xrksl, J. Wkugdhj-Gkrhdiks, Wkugdhj-Gkrhd iks, HE Bkrldr, @A Lcffcki y GK Okrgák, dt kf. ;33;. Hupfcgkgc÷i hdf KHI ksjgckhk gji fk diedradhkh hd Gmkrgjt-Akrcd-Xjjtm tcpj ;K. Gãfufk 55 (2)0 2;3‗272.
Gmkpdrjiks ajfdgufkrds di diedradhkhds idurjhdodidrktcvks0 uik brdvd rdsdûk
27;
55. @uërdz, ^. y E. ^kfku. 2>;2. Gkrkgtdrástcgks idurjikfds y ajfdgufkrds hd fk pfkstcgchkh y fk tdrkpck hd fk diedradhkh hd Gmkrgjt-Akrcd-Xjjtm. ^fkstcgchkh idurjikf 2>;20 ;?;575.
5?. Fdd, WA, FW Gmci y F. Fc. 2>;2. Hdspfcdoud y kgfkrkacditj hd prjtdáiks di idurjpktáks pdrceãrcgk pdrceãrcgkss hdsacdfciczkitds0 hdsacdfci czkitds0 capfcgkgcji capfcgkgcjids ds tdrkpãutcgk tdrkpãutcgks. s. Bcjfjoák gjauicgktcvk d citdorktcvk 4 (;)0 ;>?‗;;>.
5=. Pmkj, @M, MF Fcu, MS Fci, GM Mukio, M_ Ekio, WW Gmdi, S. Mj, _B Xskc y _S Gmdi. 2>>?. Hdsgubrcacditj hd cimcbchjrds y kgjapkûkitds quáacgjs0 trktkacditjs pjtdigckfds pkrk diedradhkhds gjiejrakgcjikfds hd prjtdáiks. ^drspdgtcvks di quáacgk adhcgcikf ;073.
53. HdbBuraki, WL, O@ Rkyajih, B. Gkuomdy y W. Fcihqucst. ;33?. Gjivdrsc÷i supdrvcskhk pjr gmkpdrjik hd fk prjtdáik prc÷icgk k su ejrak rdscstditd k fk prjtdksk. prjgdhcacditjs hd fk Kgkhdack Ikgcjikf hd Gcdigcks 38 (24)0 ;7,37=-;7,387.
?>. Idwika, O^, RH _dorzyi, WF Fcihqucst y SJ Gmdrijee. ;333 Citdrkggcjids kitkojicstks ditrd fks gmkpdrjiks hd fdvkhurk Msp;>8 y Msp?> di df gurkhj hd prcjids. Bcjfjoák ajfdgufkr y gdfufkr ;3 (2)0 ;724-;777.
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