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pr ohi bi t i on ofemp mpl oymentasMa ManualScavenger s& t hei rRehabi l i t at i on I NTRODUCTI ON Cast e Sys t em i nI ndi a si nce ages base d on i nequal i t y , di scr i mi nat i on and i nj ust i ce,i n whi ch t hemo mostcr ueland i nhuman i st heone t hatpert ai nst omanualscavengi ng,agradi ng‘ sl avery’f ort hel owermo mostrungs amo mongs tt he cas t e sy s t em, m,wher epeopl ear ecoe r ce dt o car r y human ex cr e t a s  manual l y .ManualScavenger havebeendepri vedofbasi cri ght sbyt hef eudal soc i e t y . The y hav e been f or ce d t o do dehumani z ed pr act i ce by cl eani ng, car r yi ng,handl i nganddi sposi nghuman exc r e t a.Wom me enar emo most l yengage di n manualscav engi ng.Manualscav enger sar eye tt o bel i ber at ed f r om hi st ori cal 1 i nj us t i c e sev e naf t e ri nde pe nde nc eofI ndi a. Evenpr om mi i nentpeopl evoi ci ngt hei r concernandt ookact i on,l i keMahat maGandhi ,Dr .B . R Ambedkar ,Thant hai ai sedvoi cesagai nstt hi si nhuman pr act i ce Peri yar ,Dr .Ram ManoharLohi a r ofmanualscavengi ngbutmanualscavengi ngst i l lcont i nuesi nourcount ry . I .LAWS WSFOR MA MANUALSCAVENGE GERS 

mp pl oymentof I n 1993 t heactwaspass edf ort hema manualsc av enger s“The Em ManualScavenger s and Const r uct i on ofDr yl at r i nes ( Prohi bi t i on)Act ,

t i l l i t i s not s t r i ct l y f ol l owed up by t he al l s t at e. 1993”, but s M. K.Gandhir ai sed t hei ssueoft hehorr i bl ewo wor ki ngand soci alcondi t i onsof 2 Bhangi smo mor et han 100 ye ar sagoatt he1901 Congr es ss es si on. Ye t ,i tt ook

about 90 y ear sf or t he co unt r yt o enact a uni f or m l aw abol i shi ng manual sc ave ngi ng.The l eg almec hani sm t hataddre ss es t he i ss ues and i nt er es t s of Dal i t s,i ncl udi ngmanualscavenger s,i sbased on t hevari ouspr ovi si onsoft he 3 Cons t i t ut i onofI ndi a.  A f e w speci all awsandr ul esf r amedundert he m,l i ket he

g ni t yDe fil e d:L Count er cur r ent s. Or g/Chaudhary190811. Ht m aw AndPo l i c i e sf o rM S  BySanj aywww . 1 Di

2 Kuksal Sunil Comb mbat La w, , “ Manual Scav engi ng: Nat i on' s Shame me” , 18 atht t p: //www. count er curr ent s. org/kuksal 181207. ht m( Vi si t edonOct ober5,2011)

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13  T ] hepr eambl ewhi c hmakesr ef er encet osoci alj us t i ce,equaloppor t uni t i esanddi gni t yhasdi r ectbear i ngon 3[ ma nua ls c a v e ng e r s .Funda me me nt a lRi g ht sunde rPa r t I I Ig ua r a nt e es ubs t a nt i a la ndj us t i fia bl er i g ht st oa l lc i t i z e nsb ut s e c t i o nswhi c hma kepr o v i s i o nf o rr e s e r v a t i o nsanda r t i c l e17,whi c ha bo l i s he st h epr a c t i c eofu nt o uc ha bi l i t y ,a r eo f s pe c i a ls i g ni fic a nc ef o rDa l i t s ,i nc l udi ngma ma nua ls c a v e ng e r s .

SHUBHAM MODI- B.B.A. LL.B - J.N.V.U J.N.V.U JODHPUR (RAJ.) (RAJ.) shubhammod!3"#ma$.%om

Pr o t e c t i o no fCi v i lRi g ht sAc t ,19554 and t heSc hedul edCas t e sand Sc hedul ed  Tr i bes( Pr ev ent i on ofAt r oci t y)Act ,1989,Bonded LaborSys t em ( abol i t i on)Act , 1976ar eequal l yappl i cabl et omanualscav enger s.Mor eov er ,t heEmpl oymentof ManualScav enger s and Const r uct i on ofDr yl at r i nes ( Pr ohi bi t i on)Act ,1993 ( her eaf t ert heAct ,1993)and t heNat i onalCommi ssi on f orSaf aiKar amchari s  Ac t ,1993 ar e excl us i v el aws me ant f or manuals cav enger s ,whi c hr equi r e anal y si si nde t a i l . Now t hi s act ( 1993)has bee nr epe al ed and ne w ac t( as bi l l )f or manual scavenger si spendi ngont het abl eofpar l i ament .Af t erveryl ongt i mei naugust 2012 cabi ne thad cl ear edt hepr ohi bi t i on ofempl oymentasmanualsc ave nge r s andt hei rr ehabi l i t at i on bi l l , 2012andt hebenchofSupr emeCourtofI ndi at ol d ef ool i ng t he peopl e, i ti sr eal l y t he addi t i o nals ol i c i t o rg e ne r a l“You ar unf ort unat et hatev en 65 year saf t eri ndependence,manualsc ave ngi ng shoul d cont i nue i nt hi scount ry.The di r ect i vepri nci pl es ofst at e pol i cy ( i nt he const i t ut i on)mandat es us t o pr ohi bi t manual s cavengi ng but you’ renotseri ousi ni nt r oduci ngappr opri at el egi sl at i on”5

1. Sti l l cont i nuat i on of manual scavengi ng and vi ol at i on of l aw by gover nment .  Ac cor di ngt ot her epor tofmi ni s t r yofsoci alj us t i ceand empower ment–5. 88 l akhsmanualsc av e nge r si n 1992 and 7. 87 l acsmanualsc av enge r si n 2002, meansi nl astt en year st hemanualscav enger sar ei ncr ease,appr oxi mat el y2 l acs and vi ol at et he pr ot ect i on ofci vi lr i ght s act ,1955 SECTI ON 7 A whi ch s t at e st hat : Unl awf ul c o mpul sor y l abor when t o be dee me d t o be a pr ac t i c e o f “ unt o uc habi l i t y” . & Governmentvi ol at esf undament alri ght s underconst i t ut i onofI ndi aofI ndi an &[ 14]Sect i on7Aoft hePCR Act ,1955whi chwasaddedt hr oughamendmenti n1976pr ovi dest hatwhoev ercompel s an per son,ont hegr oundof“ unt ouchabi l i t y” ,t odoanyscavengi ngorsweepi ngort oremoveanycarcassort oflayany ani malort oremovet heumbi l i calcordort odoanyot herj obofasi mi l arnat ur eshal lbedeemedt ohaveenf orceda di s a bi l i t yar i s i ngouto f“ unt o uc ha bi l i t y . ”T hes e c t i o na l s opr o v i de sf o rt hepuni s hme ntwhi c hs ha l lno tbel e s st h an t hr eemont hsandnotmor et hansi xmont hs.Expl anat i onmakescl eart hat“ compul si on”i ncl udesthreatofsoci alor economi cboycot t .

' THE HINDU-New Del hiAug27, 2012J. Venkat esanARTI CLE “ Cabi nethascl ear edbi l lonmanualsca vengi ng, supremecourtt ol dTheHi ndu” .

SHUBHAM MODI- B.B.A. LL.B - J.N.V.U JODHPUR (RAJ.) shubhammod!3"#ma$.%om

 Ar t i cl e 14 “  Ar t i cl e 16 “ ci t i z ens under Equal i t y bef or el aw” , Equal i t y of  Ar t i cl e 17 “ oppor t uni t y i n mat t er s of publ i c empl oy ment ” , Abo l i t i on o f  A t i cl e21   Ar t i cl e23 Unt o uc habi l i t y ” ,r “ Pr o t e ct i on ofl i f eandpe r s onall i be r t y ” , 6 “ Pr ohi bi t i onoft r affici nhumanbei ngsandf or cedl abour ” t i cl e1  Vi ol at es Uni v er s alDecl ar at i on ofHuman Ri ght s ,1948-Ar  Al lhuman  A t i cl e3  ha v eeq ualr i g ht s ,r “ Ev e r y onehast her i g htt ol i f e ,l i be r t yands e c ur i t y  A t i cl e 4    Art i cl e5 “ o fpe r s o n” ,r “noones hal lbehe l di ns l a v e r y ” , Nooneshal l   Art i cl e7  besubj e ctt ocr uel ,i nhumananddegr adi ngt r e at ment ” ,  Al lar eequal   Ar t i cl e23 Ri  bef or el aw, ghtt owor k,t of r eechoi ceofempl oyment ,t oj ustand 7 f av our abl e c ondi t i ons of wor k and pr ot ec t i on agai ns t une mpl oy ment . Surv ey r epor t s show t hati n some st at es,t he no.ofpeopl e st i l lengaged i n manualscavengi ngacr osst hecount ryt obe3. 5l acs,i n sampl esurv eyt her ei s al i stof3000 manuals cavenger s and 20, 000 dryt oi l et s st i l lexi st i ng i nt he 8 St at esofMadhyapr ades h. ,r ecent l ycensusofI ndi a2011r emarkedt hatt her e a r e7,94,390 dryt oi l et si nt hecount rywher et hehumanexcr et ai scl eanedup 14, 652 t  by humans.Apar tf r om t he se t he r e ar e 13, oi l e t s her et he human her e ar e mor et han 26 l akhs [ 2. 6 exc r et ai sflushed i n open drai n  sThus t mi l l i on]dr yt oi l et si nt hecount r ywher et hepr acti ceofmanualscavengi ng st i l lcont i nues. Rai l wayhi r esmanualscavengersasempl oyeesi nl ar geno. f orcl eani ngtr acks,t oi l et sand pi cki ngup ofhuman excr et a. 9 So,manual scav enger s ar er api dl yi ncr easi ng and gove r nment i t sel f vi ol at es t he ve ry s anc t i t yofl aw,c ont i nuous l y . Supr emecour tofI ndi aTaki ngser i ousvi ew ove r cont i nuat i on ofmanualsc ave ngi ngi n somepar t soft hecount r y ,t heSupr eme

Const i t ut i onofI ndi a-D. D Basu  

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SHUBHAM MODI- B.B.A. LL.B - J.N.V.U JODHPUR (RAJ.) shubhammod!3"#ma$.%om

Cour tsai dt hatt hosest at eswhodi dnoti mpl ementt hel aw shoul di mmedi at el y 10 i s s ueno t i fic at i o nsi nt he i rt e r r i t or yt obant hepr of e s si on.

2.Manualscavengersf aci ngsoci aldi sabi l i t i es.  Ther e ar e many manualsc av enger si nI ndi a and t he y al lar et r e at ed as unt ouchabl es. Accor di ng t oI ndi a’ s Mi ni st ryofHome Affai r s,as oft he 2001 ce nsus, t her e ar e ov er 166 mi l l i on Dal i t s( compr i si ng 16. 2% of I ndi a’ s po pul at i o n) .Ac o mpl e xwe bo fr e l i g i o us ,mo r a landc ul t ur albe l i e f sandat t i t ude s has,ove rcent ur i es,cr eat ed t he perv asi ve vi ew t hatDal i t s are “ i mpur e”or “ pol l ut e d. ” he peopl e who f ol l ow t he l owes t ki nd of  Ac c .t o Manu Smr i t i s, t o cc upat i o nsi nc l udes c av e ng i ng ,l e at he rwo r k,r e mo v alo ft hec ar r i o ne t c ,ar et o . 11  ber e gar dedasunt ouc habl es nc es oc i als t at uswasfix e df o rdi ffe r e ntc as t e s ;t he r e f o r e , LowerSoci alSt at usSi t heunt ouchabi l i t y was pl aced att hel owestpl ace i nt hecast ehi er arc hy and e nj o y sl o we s ts t at usi nt hes oc i e t y .The i rs oc i als t at uswasj us tl i kea g ol de n ze r o.Mor eover ,t heywer econsi der ed ast hesymbolofpol l ut i on byt hehi gher c as t epe opl e .

Educat i onaldi sabi l i t i es  Tr adi t i onal l y ,t he unt ouc habl es wer ef or bi dden f r om r ece i vi ng any educat i on.They wer e notent i t l ed t o acqui r et he knowl edge of  Vedas. Ev e n t he y wer e not per mi t t ed t ot ouc h t he r el i gi ous books . The unt ouchabl eswer enotal l owedt ogeteducat i onf r om t hepubl i ci nst i t ut i on.Onl y r e c e nt l yt he yhav egi v e ne duc at i onalf ac i l i t i e s. Di sabi l i ti esofSoci alhabi t sTheyar   enotper mi t t e dt ot akef oodordr i nkf r om t hehouseofhi gh cast epeopl e.Theyar eeat i ngonl y‘ Kachha’f oodswhi ch are pr epared byt heordi naryt hi ngs.I nt hesoci ali nt er cour se,t heyareal sof aced t hes amepr obl em. Nouseofpubl i cpl aces  t heunt ouchabl eswer enotal l owedt ousevi l l agewel l s, ponds,publ i chospi t al s,r oadsand so on.Theywer enotper mi t t ed t ol i vei n t hosepl aceswher et hehi ghercast epeopl er esi de.Theunt ouchabl eswer ef orced t ol i v ei nt hewo r s tt y peofv i l l ag es l ums .Mor e o v e r ,t he ywe r el e adi ngal i f ej us t l i ket hedomest i cani mal s. 3-Economi cdi sabi l i t i esf ormanualscavengers SC asksst at est oban manualscav engi ng ( Decc anHer al d,Jan 12,2011) New Del hi ,Jan 12,DHNS: 1+ 

t swi t hDi s a bi l i t i e s :TheNe g l e c t e dDi me ns i o no fSo c i e t ywww. da l i t s t udi e s . o r g . i n/ wp/ 1003. pdf 11 Dali

SHUBHAM MODI- B.B.A. LL.B - J.N.V.U JODHPUR (RAJ.) shubhammod!3"#ma$.%om

Economi cal l y ,t ot he posi t i on ofunt ouchabl e’ s cast es was ver y pi t i abl e.They  we r edepr i v ed f r om al lki ndsofeconomi cpr i v i l egesi nt hesoci e t yf ol l owi ngar e t hemai neconomi cdi sabi l i t i esofunt ouchabl es.

No r i ghtt o pr oper t y  Tr adi t i onal l y ,t heunt ouc habl eswer enotal l owed t ohav e anyl andorpr oper t yoft hei rown.Theywer epr eve nt edf r om ent er i ngi nvari ous t y pe sofe nt e r pr i s es . Nor i ghtt ochooseoccupati on  Theunt ouc habl eswer et r adi t i onal l yass oc i at e d  wi t hsuc hl owe roccupat i onsl i kesc av engi ng,l eat herwor ks,baske tmaki ngand soon. Landl ess l aborer  The unt ouc habl es wer et r adi t i onal l y known as l andl ess l aborer sbecauset heyhavenol andi nt hevi l l age.Theywer el eadi ngal andl ess l abo r e rl i f e .Be f o r et heabo l i t i o no fz a mi ndar is y s t e m,t he i rpr i mar ydut ywast o  wor kf oral andl or dwi t houtanyr emuner at i on.Thust hei rpos i t i onwasj us tl i ke a sl ave and i n ce r t ai n ci r cumst ance s wor s tt han a sl ave .I nt hi s cont ext , Gandhi j ihassai dt hat ,“ t heunt ouchabl esper f ormedt hemostessent i alser vi ce ofsoci et y ye tatt he same t i me t heywer et he l owes tpai d ones .Onl y such amountofwagesi sgi vent ot hem t hatarenecess aryt ouni t e,t hei rcur sedsoul andt hei rphysi calf r ames. Rel i gi ousdi sabi l i ti es  Though,t heunt ouc habl esar eknown ast heHi ndusby r el i gi on, y et t hey wer e not per mi t t ed t o ent er i nt ot he Hi ndu t empl e and pi l gri magesnorwer et heyal l owed t o usepubl i c bat hi ng Ghat s.Accor di ng t o 2001 ce nsus dat ac ompi l ed byt heOfficeoft heReg i s t r arGener al& Ce nsus 12 Commi ssi oner ,I ndi a,t heoffici alt al l ywas166, 635, 700. 13 “ Dal i t sf ac edi s c r i mi nat i o n andv i o l e nc ei ne v e r yas pe c to ft he i rl i v e s . ”   Ar epor t  by t heWor l d Heal t h Or gani z at i on and UNI CEF f ound t hatabout665 mi l l i on 14 I ndi anspr ac t i c eo pe nde f e c at i o n.

12  www. censusi ndi a. gov. i n/Census_Data_2001/I ndi a_at_Gl ance/scst . aspx( l astvi si t edOct .7,2011) .

New I ndi aSt udyFi ndsUnt ouchabi l i t yPerv asi veac r ossPubl i cand Pri vat eLi f e,ROBERTF.KENNEDYCENTER 13  FOR JUSTI CE & HUMAN RI GHTS ( Jan.26,2010) ,ht t p: //www. r f kcent er . or g/unt ouchabi l i t y .

1&  TeenaThacker ,I ndi aHast heHi ghestRat eofOpenDef ecat i on:WHO,I NDI AN EXPRESS,Jul y19,2008, ht t p: //www. i ndi anexpr ess. com/news/i ndi a-hast hehi ghest r at eof opendef ecat i o/337666

SHUBHAM MODI- B.B.A. LL.B - J.N.V.U JODHPUR (RAJ.) shubhammod!3"#ma$.%om

I I : Gover nment not provi di ng compensat i on, schol ar shi ps, st i pend, financi alass i st ance,medi calt r eat mentet c.t o manualscavenger s& t hei r chi l deren’ s. - Gov er nment does n’ t per f or m hi s dut y and not pr ov i de any financi alhel pt ot he manualsc av enge r s and t hei rf ami l y member s oft he deceased.TheSt at ei sunderobl i gat i on t ocompl ywi t ht hepr i nci pl esembodi ed  A t i cl e 38 st i n Par t I Vi n maki ng l aws . r at es t o secur ea soci alorderf ort he  A t i cl e39( e) pr o mo t i o no fwe l f ar eoft hepe o pl e ,r   mandat est hatt heSt at eshal l , i n par t i c ul ar ,di r e c ti t spo l i c yt o war dss e c ur i ngt hatt hehe al t h ands t r e ng t ho f  wor ker s,me n and women,and t het e nderageofc hi l dr en ar enotabused and t hatci t i zensar enotf orcedbyeconomi cnecessi t yt oent eravocat i onsunsui t ed t ot he i ra geors t r e ng t h . r “ Eq ualj us t i c eandf r e el e g alai d” ,r  A t i cl e39A   A t i cl e “ Pr ovi si onf orj ustandhumanecondi t i onsofworkandmat erni t yr el i ef ” . 42   Ar t i cl e23  “ Ri g htt osoc i als e cur i t yunde rI ndi anCo ns t i t ut i o n” ,  Ar t i cl e25( 1)“Everyonehast her i g htt oas t andar do fl i v i ngade q uat ef o rhe al t h and we l lbe i ngo fhi ms e l fand o fhi sf ami l y,i nc l udi ngf o od ,c l o t hi ng,ho us i ng and me di c a lc ar eand ne c e s s ar ys o c i als e r v i c e sand t her i g htt os e c ur i t yi nt he e v e nto fune mpl o yme nt,s i c kne s s,di s abi l i t y,wi do who o d,o l dag eo ro t he rl ac k o fl i v el i ho odi nc i r c ums t anc e sbe yo ndhi sc o nt r o l ” I n VI I sc hedul e of const i t ut i on of I ndi a under ent ry 23 & 24, l i st I I I of c onc ur r e ntl i s ti ti sadut yo ft hes t at e ,butunf or t unat e l ys t at ef ai lt ope r f or m hi sdut y ,90% ofal lmanualscav enger sar enotpr ovi dedwi t hpr operequi pment 15  whi l ecl eani ngs ept i ct anks   andsuffer edf r om dange r ousDi se asesl i keanemi a, 16 di arr hea,and vomi t i ng.  Addi t i onal l y ,di se ase s suc h as dysent er y ,mal ar i a, 17 t yphoi dandt uber cul osi sar ecommonamongmanualsc av enger s. I n,S.Radhavs.TheSecr et ar yToGover nment18 & I n A.Nar ayanan  Vs.The

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SHUBHAM MODI- B.B.A. LL.B - J.N.V.U JODHPUR (RAJ.) shubhammod!3"#ma$.%om

Respondent swer edi r ect edt ocompensat et hedece ased wi f eand hi schi l dr en’ s i naccordancewi t hl aw. 20 ageEmpl oyeesUni on . . .vs.Uni on ofI ndi a& Or s. I N Sewer   t her espondent s  bedi r ect ed t o paycompensat i on ofRs . 10 l akhseac ht ot hef ami l i esoft hose Se we r age Wor ker s who hav e di ed af t er e nt er i ng t he manhol ef or s e wage cl eani ng. ,pr ovi de al t er nat i vewor k on per manentand r egul arbasi s medi cal checkup.  Those manualscav e nger ss t op wor k ofmanualscav e ngi ng governmentst opschol arshi psoft hei rchi l dr enandt hei rchi l dr enhavet ol eave ai nar aKhat oon ( I V)v.St at eof educat i on duet oshort ageoffinance.I nHuss Bi har . . …T oday ,unf o r t unat e l y , ,P. N.Bhagwat i,J.( ashet henwas)observed:“ i no urc o unt r yt hepo orar epr i c e do uto ft hej udi c i als ys t e m wi t ht her e sul tt hat t he yar el o si ngf ai t hi nt hec apac i t yo fo url e gals ys t e mt obr i ngabo utc hang esi n t he i rl i f ec o ndi t i o nsand t ode l i v erj us t i c et ot he m.Ther e sul ti st hatt hel e gal s ys t e m hasl o s ti t sc r e di bi l i t yf o rt hewe ake rs e c t i o nsoft hec ommuni t y”21

I I I .I ncompl et e And Corr upt ser vi ce provi ded under r ehabi l i t at i on & financi alass i st i ngscheme. Servi cepr ovi dedunderr ehabi l i t at i on& financi alassi st i ngschemei si ncompl et e and corr upt .I ti sevi dentf r om t hest at ementshowi ngst at ewi sepopul at i on of manualscavenger s,andt hei rr ehabi l i t at i onBY M\O SJ& E,NSKFDC e t c .And s t no.ofmanualscavenger st ober ehabi l i t at ed1   Apri l2009t hatt hegov er nment 42, 468 manualscavenger s.I  We t s t i l lnotr e habi l i t at e d3, nt hebi gs t at e sl i k e s Bengal ( 90 %)Del hi( 84%), Mahar asht r a( 71 %) ,ar es t i l lnotr e habi l i t at edi n  bi g and shoc ki ng r at i o.The gov er nme nt s t i l lneed t or e habi l i t at e manual i ss a( 70 %),Pondi cherr y( 73%),Raj ast han ( 75 scavenger s i n st at es of Or %),Ut t ar anchal( 75 %),Guj ar at ( 82 %),Ker al a( 90 %) ,Jammu And Kashmi r( 95 %), Assam ( 96 %) ,Bi har( 98 %).  And mor eshocki ngr epor t s ar et hatt he gover nmentnotr ehabi l i t at ed ev en a si ngl e per son i n st at es of Meghal aya( 100%),Nagal and( 100%)andJhar khand( 100%)i nt hesest at es gover nment st i l l need t o r ehabi l i t at e 100 % popul at i on of manual scavengers22. Thes e dat a s t at ement s ar e r eal l y v er y shoc ki ng bec ause Governmentj ustmakeaf oolofl aws,rul es,r egul at i onandpeopl esal so. 2+

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  Corr upt i o n has be en done underSRMS SCHEME whi c h wasl aunched i n Januar y of 2007 f or t he pur pose ofr ehabi l i t at i on and pr ovi des financi alassi st ance t o manualsc ave nge r s.Butgov er nmentoffice r sar eve r ybi gbegg ar sofourcount r y t he yfil lown pocke t sf r om manualsc av enger ’ smone y .I nj an 2007underSRMS 735. 6 cr or essanct i oned by gov er nmentofI ndi a butonl y31 % ( 231 cr or e)i s use d& nooneknowswher ei st her emai ni ng69% f und. i ti sev i dentf r om r eport t hatf undr el easedi n200656cr or e200725cr or e 2008 100cr or e 2009 50 cr or e.No f und r el eas ed af t er 2009 and r emai ni ng 504 cr or e di sappear ed event ual l y .About76% peopl egotbenefit s;t hose arenoti n el i gi bl ecri t eri a of 23 manualsc av engi ng. scase  I n baby’ ofut t erPr adeshsome 24 peopl et ook l oan on behal fofa mi norbaby acc ount . I n Raj ast han t hose per sonswhoar enotengage di n manualsc av engi ngt he yt ookbenefitofSRMS 25 sc heme . I n Ut t ar Pr adesh ac cor di ng t o go v er nment office fil es manual scavenger sr ecei vebenefitoft hi sschemebuti nr eal i t yt heydon’ tr ecei veany 26  benefit

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CO NCLI SI ON So ,g o v e r nme ntc o mpl e t e l yf ai l e di nf o l l o wi ng t he r e habi l i t at i o n andSRMS r ul esanddoesn’ tpr ovi dehel peffect i vel yandeffici ent l y ,despi t et he  v ar i ousl awsand sc he me shasbe en enact ed f ort hewel f ar eand pr ot e ct i on of manualscav enger sbuts t i l lt her ei scont i nuat i on ofmanualscav engi ng.That i nhuman and degr adi ng pr act i c e shoul d be abol i shed & i nt r oducesome ne w machi net ec hni quest ocl eanhumanexcr et a. 

SHUBHAM MODI- B.B.A. LL.B - J.N.V.U JODHPUR (RAJ.) shubhammod!3"#ma$.%om