Art Appreciation Module 8 Auditory Arts

THE AUDITORY ARTS Dr. James Loreto C. Piscos

Categories  MUSIC  LITERATURE

MUSIC 

Composed of  tones and silences organized in such a manner to convey the emotions and ideas conceived by the composer.

The composer¶s work must be interpreted by another artistthe performer who makes the composer¶s work come to life.

Music as Auditory Arts 

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Music moves through time, thus it is called temporal Music appreciation is the acquired ability to listen to music intelligently

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3 components:

-ability to appreciate music is not inborn -acquired by anyone who makes up his mind to do so -conscious effort

Functions

of Music

1.

 An attempt to imitate the natural sound

2.

Release of one¶s emotions or feelings (therapeutic)

3.

 As signals in wars

4.

Means of worship and vehicles of rituals

5.

Used to accompany dance

6. A form of entertainment in community celebrations 7. Symbols of life¶s cycles

Sound (Tones): The Physical Material Property of Music  Vibration

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is what produced a sound

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Sound in general has 4 qualities:

Regular vibrations produce tones or  musical sounds

1.

Timbre

2.

Pitch

3.

Intensity

4.

duration

Irregular sounds yield noise

1. 

Timbre This refers to the quality which enables us to distinguish one sound from another 

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A sound may not be audible unless it is amplified by something

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Resonator ± any object which amplifies the vibrations

2.Pitch 

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This refers to the relative highness or lowness or a tone This is the result of  the frequency of  vibrations

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The higher the frequency the higher the pitch Scale ± series of  different tones which are arranged at definite fixed distances or intervals from one another

Pitch 

Octave

±western music uses a scale consisting of 12 pitches in 7 different tones designated as : A, B,C,D,E,F,G or la, ti, do, re, mi fa sol.

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Sharps mean a tone is to be raised Flats ± tone to be lowered

3.

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Duration

It refers to the length of  time which a sound occupies Notes ± relative time values indicated in musical notation by symbols

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Types:

1.

Whole note

2.

Half note

3.

Quarter note

4.

Eighth note

5.

Sixteenth note

6.

32nd note

7.

64th note

4. Intensity 

This refers to the loudness or softness of a sound

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Dynamics- the degree of loudness or softness in music

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This results from the pressure or force which is used to cause the vibrations that produce a sound

Indicators: 1.

Forte

± loudly

2.

Fortissimo-

3.

Piano ± softly

4.

Pianissimo ± very softly

very loudly

Intensity 

Crescendo ± the music to become gradually louder 

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Decrescendo or  diminuendo to become gradually softer 

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Staff ± five parallel lines and the spaces  between the lines

Elements of Music 1.

Rhythm

4. Tone Color 

2.

Melody

5. Texture

3.

Harmony

6. Form

1. 

Rhythm The tones and silences of varying durations moving through time

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Time Signatures:

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2/4

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¾

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4/4

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6/8

2. Melody 

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Melody is the pitch added to the rhythm Other synonymous terms:

Tune, air, theme, motif  and melodic line

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Characteristics:

1.

Dimension

2.

Progression

3.

Direction

4.

register 

Melody (Characteristics) Dimension Length a. Range ±distance between  b. the highest and lowest notes 2. Progression - The motion of upward or  downward, the distance  between one tone and the next as the melody moves forward 1.

3.Direction ± considers the distance between individual, successive tones Relate to the climax of the repertoire 4. Register ± considers the  pitch of most notes Are they mostly high?

3. Harmony 

The simultaneous sounding of tones

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Melody is the horizontal aspect while harmony the vertical side.

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Tonality ± or key feeling results when a single key is used thus providing a tonal center 

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Chord ± 3 or more tones of  different pitches sounded together 

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Consonance ± quality when the combination of sounds or tones is satisfying or   pleasant

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If

unpleasant ± dissonance or discord (producing tension)

4. Tone Color  

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This is the result of tempo, dynamics and the timbre or  the medium or mediums . Tempo ± speed indicated into:

a. presto ± very fast  b. Allegro ± fast c. Moderato - moderate speed

d. andante- moderate slow e. Adagio ± slow f . Largo ± very slow Ritardando ± the gradual slowing down Accelerando ± gradual increase Tempo rubato ± music to be  played with irregularity

5.

Texture

This is the characteristic disposition and relationship between melody and harmony. Types of Textures: 1.

Monophonic

2.

Homophonic

3.

Polyphonic

4.

Non-melodic

texture

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Monophonic ± one melody is sung or played with no accompaniment 1.

2. Homophonic ±song sung to the chordal accompaniment of a guitar or piano or any instrument Or two people sing one soprano and the other alto, homophonic music is  produced

Texture 

Polyphonic results when two or more melodies are played together 

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Otherwise known as contrapuntal

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Sonority ±quality of  richness or thinness of  the music closely related to harmony than to melody and measured by number of   parts, spacing of tones, register of tones and timbre

6. Form 

The overall design or   plan is called a musical structure or musical form

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Sectional forms:

1.

Binary

2.

Ternary forms

Movements 

Sonata ± movement is fast and consists of 3 sections:

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Exposition, development and recapitulation

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Concerto ± meant to be  played by an instrument with an entire orchestra