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DZS]NSD@HNZ CD GN]ODSHK@ DZYDJHNBHQNCF NSDKCHDKCF BNZ JN]NJSD]HZSHQNZ CDB GD]JNCF F ZD@GDKSF

NKC]DN YNFBN ]DNBDZ GNKAN]DZ

ZD]\HJHF KNJHFKNB CD NY]DKCHQNAD (ZDKN)

GN]ODSHK@ CH@HSNB N]^TDSHYF CD YTMBHJF FMADSH\F

HKZS]TJSF]N1 GN]HN CDB JN]GDK BBNGNZ CT]NK

=0 CD NM]HB CD =9==

 

 

= Snmbn cd Jfktdkhcf

>.  Snmbn dbnmfrnjhúk cd muydr cd uk jbhdktd pftdkjhnb. =.  Db muydr pdrsfkn pfshthvf pnrn bn dgprdsn sdbdjjhfkncn, pdrlhb jfgpbdtf cdb jbhdktd hcdnb qud njnmn cd jrdnr. :.  Db muydr pdrsfkn kd`nthvf pnrn bn dgprdsn sdbdjjhfkncn, pdrlhb nktn`úkhjf cdb jbhdktd hcdnb qud njnmn cd jrdnr y qud kf sd naustn n bns jnrnjtdrçsthjns cdb pñmbhjf fmadthvf. 3.  Bns dstrntd`hns cd jfktdkhcf pnrn rdjfrcnjhúk cd gnrjn. 4.  3. Db gfcdbf cd hktdrnjjhúk sfjhnb pnrn `nknr vhshmhbhcnc dk gdchfs ch`htnbds. .  Snmbn dbnmfrnjhúk cd muydr cd uk jbhdktd pftdkjhnb. Muydr Ydrsfkn cd bn Dgprdsn Nknbhstn cd Hklrndstrujturn cd Zjfthnmnkjo Yrfcujtf f Zdrvhjhf Ldjen cd dbnmfrnjhúk db nmfrnjhúk Jnrnjtdrhznjhúk

Hklfrgnjhúk cdgf`rîlhjn

Hktdrès @dkdrnb

Zdrvhjhfs Gnrtds =0 cd Nmrhb cdb =9== \nrhnmbds n Jfkshcdrnr

Dstncf jhvhb. Dtnpn lnghbhnr. Njthvhcncds chnrhns. Dcnc. Tmhjnjhúk. Hk`rdsfs. Chstrhmujhúk y lrdjudkjhn cd jfgprn.

Hklfrgnjhúk Fmtdkhcn

*Jnsncf. *Jfk ukn ehan cd : nþfs. *Chvdrthrsd dk lnghbhn. *:= nþfs. *Jfbfgmhn - Mf`ftî - Mnrrhf Zumn. *3.499.999. *Jncn cfghk`f cdb gds.

*Ngnktd n bn jfghcn. Ydrlhb cd jfksughcfr. *Efkdstf, Dgpîthjf, ]dspfksnmbd. \nbfrds. *Ngfrfsf jfk su lnghbhn. Hktdrdsds. *Jfk su pncrd uk efgmrd efkdstf y \çkjubfs nldjthvfs. trnmnancfr. Jfk quhèk sd hcdkthlhjn. *Hktdbh`dktd, jnpnz cd nsughr rdtfs. Juîbds sfk sus *Yn`nr prèstngf dk db mnkjf. lfrtnbdzns. *Jfgprnr uk npnrtngdktf. Gdtns pdrsfknbds n jfrtf *^ud nb`f qud bd pnsd n su lnghbhn. pbnzf. Gdtns pdrsfknbds n bnr`f pbnzf. Sdgfrds gîs `rnkcds. ^uè lnjhbhtn su vhcn.

 

 

3

Dsthbf cd vhcn

Nrtd y dktrdtdkhghdktf. ]dvhstns, gdchfs dsjrhtfs ]dcds sfjhnbds, pî`hkns wdm. Yrf`rngns cd S\. Gñshjn prdchbdjtn. Cdpfrtds.

*Zdrhds y pdbçjubns dk Kdtlbhx. *Ds guy gdchcf usnkcf rdcds sfjhnbds. *Jnrnjfb Sv, ]JK *\nbbdkntf, Znbn y rnkjedrn. *Gfktnr Mhjhjbdtn. *Chslrutnr jfk bn lnghbhn lhkds cd sdgnkn. *Dvdktfs cd bn dgprdsn qud rdquhdrnk nb`ukn

Ynsnthdgpfs. supdrvhshúk cd bn hklrndstrujturn. \njnjhfkds, vhnads cd trnmnaf. Dvdktfs qud kf sd pudcd pdrcdr.

Jfgprns (rdspdjtf nb prfcujtf f sdrvhjhf nknbhzncf)

^uè jfgprn. Bu`nrds cfkcd prdlhdrd jfgprnr. Gnrjns qud jfgprn. Gnrjn nsphrnjhfknb qud cdsdnrçn ncquhrhr. Khvdb cd sdkshmhbhcnc n bns prfpudstns cdb prfcujtf f sdrvhjhf. Yfcdr cd cdjhshúk sfmrd bn jfgprn

Jfkstruyn ukn ruthkn cd uk cçn dk bn Tk cçn dk bn vhcn cdb muydr pdrsfkn

vhcn cd dsd pdrsfknad lhjthjhf y sus njthvhcncds rd`ubnrds.

*N èb bd dkjnktn bn Engmur`udsn Mh` Gnj. *Dk db Jdktrf Jfgdrjhnb f n cfghjhbhf. *Èb ds ukn pdrsfkn qud yn thdkd prdgdchtncf su pdchcf, ds pnjhdktd pdrf bd `ustn hr n bn lhan.

Dstn pdrsfkn ds uk efgmrd trnmnancfr cd := nþfs, su ruthkn chnrhn cd trnmnaf ds cd 5 ng n 4pg, thdkd cdgnshncf trnmnaf qud bd tfjn gncru`nr uk pfjf gîs cd bf kfrgnb pnrn qud bd rhkcn dk sus bnmfrds, su gdchf cd trnkspfrtd ds su gftf, bf qud bd pdrghtd bbd`nr n thdgpf n junbquhdr bu`nr. Dk bns kfjeds nb bbd`nr n su jnsn su ehan cd : nþfs bf rdjhmd jfk gujef ngfr, su dspfsn yn bd thdkd bn jfghcn prdpnrncn, tfgnk su thdgpf cd enmbnr sfmrd db cçn cd jncn ukf, enjdr judktns sfmrd bfs `nstfs y lhknbhznk db cçn jfk ukn frnjhúk y n bns >9199 pg yn dstîk curghdkcf.

 

 

4

Tk lhk cd sdgnkn dk bn vhcn cdb muydr pdrsfkn

Dstn pdrsfkn dktrd sdgnkn thdkd bn n`dkcn n` dkcn cdgnshncf nprdtncn, pfr dsf bfs lhkds cd sdgnkn trntn nb gîxhgf cdchjnrbd tfcf db Jfkstruyn ukn ruthkn cd thdgpf pfshmbd n su lnghbhn, ukf cd dsfs uk lhk cd pbnkds ds bbdvnr n su dspfsn y n su ehan n sdgnkn dk bn vhcn cd dsd jfgdr n GjCfknbc‘s, bd dkjnktn vdr bn nbd`rçn pdrsfknad lhjthjhf y sus njthvhcncds, cd su ehan nmrhdkcf bn jnahtn ldbhz y n su dspfsn cd njudrcf jfk su dsthbf snmfrdnr uk rhjf GjLburry Frdf, db pfr ftrf bncf shdgprd dsjf`d su engmur`udsn cd vhcn. prdldrhcn bn Mh` Gnj, bfs cfghk`fs pfr bn gnþnkn gfktn mhjhjbdtn pfr ukn efrn.

=.  Db muydr pdrsfkn pfshthvf pnrn bn dgprdsn sdbdjjhfkncn, pdrlhb jfgpbdtf cdb jbhdktd hcdnb qud njnmn cd jrdnr.

Nbdxnkcdr Jfktrdrns Hk`dkhdrf cd gdjntrúkhjn, thdkd := nþfs cd dcnc, jnsncf y thdkd ukn ehan. Ds Nknbhstn cd Hklrndstrujturn Zdkhfr, ds db dkjnr`ncf cd tfcf nqudb prfjdchghdktf y supdrvhshúk cd bns hkstnbnjhfkds. Srnmnan cdscd enjd 4 nþfs dk bn dgprdsn Zjfthnmnkjo Jfbpntrhn. Ynrn cfjugdktnrsd bd `ustn bddr sfmrd tdjkfbf`çn, dchlhjnjhúk ed hklfrgnrsd vhdkcf bns kfthjhns jfk bf qud pnsn cçn n cçn dk db pnçs. Dktrd trnmnan cdscd bns 5 ng enstn bns 4 pg, bfs lhkds cd sdgnkn sd cdchjn n su lnghbhn y enjdr dadrjhjhf dk bn mhjhjbdtn.

 

 

< :.  Db muydr pdrsfkn kd`nthvf pnrn bn dgprdsn sdbdjjhfkncn, pdrlhb nktn`úkhjf cdb jbhdktd hcdnb qud njnmn cd jrdnr y qud kf sd naustn n bns jnrnjtdrçsthjns cdb pñmbhjf fmadthvf.

  Cdsefkdstfs1 Tkn pdrsfkn qud kf npnrdktd bf qud ds,

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  Cdgnkcnktds1 ^ud tfcf bf qud ch`n y phcn sd en`n cd hkgdchntf shk

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rdspdtnr turkfs nktdrhfrds.   Dxh`dktds1 Bfs qud  hktdktnk fmbh`nr gfchlhjnjhfkds nb prfcujtf f sdrvhjhf?

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su austhlhjnjhúk1 db prdjhf pn`ncf cdmd hkjbuhrbf.   Musjncfrds cd rdmnans1 Kd`fjhnk prdjhfs cd vdktns, sfbhjhtnk cdsjudktfs y

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chsghkujhfkds pdrgnkdktds cd gfktfs n pn`nr y, gîs qud dvnbunr bn rdbnjhúk jfstf-mdkdlhjhf, su hktdrès sd jdktrn dk db prdjhf.   Hrrdvdrdktds1 Hktdktnk gfchlhjnr bfs tèrghkfs, jfkchjhfkds f trntfs n bfs qud

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 prdvhngdktd njfrcnrfk. Kf gudstrnk rdspdtf rds pdtf pfr bfs jfgprfghsfs ncquhrhcfs, musjnkcf gfchlhjnrbfs dk prfvdjef prfphf.   Hkjfkstnktds1 Zu bdnbtnc sd gfchlhjn jfk rnphcdz junkcf ftrf prfvddcfr

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sughkhstrn prfcujtfs y sdrvhjhfs pnrdjhcfs? kfrgnbgdktd db prdjhf cdtdrghkn su lhcdbhcnc. Bn rdbnjhúk prdjhf-jnbhcnc kf ds ukn vnrhnmbd tnk hgpfrtnktd.   Hgpnjhdktds1 Yrdtdkcdk gfchlhjnr bfs thdgpfs cd prdpnrnjhúk cd prfydjtfs,

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dadjujhúk cd prfjdsfs f dktrd`n cd prfcujtfs, rdcujhdkcf bfs pdrçfcfs cd

 

 

0

 prdsdktnjhúk, bf qud pudcd sdr prfmbdgîthjf pnrn pnr n dgprdsns jfk prfjdsfs y thdgpfs dstnmbdjhcfs.

3.  Bns dstrntd`hns cd jfktdkhcf pnrn rdjfrcnjhúk cd gnrjn.

Db stfrytdbbhk` dk bn dstrntd`hn cd jfktdkhcfs cd GjCfknbc‘s 

Tkf cd bfs phbnrds cd bn dstrntd`hn d strntd`hn cd jfktdkhcfs cd GjCfknbc‘s sd mnsn dk gnkdanr

su stfrytdbbhk` gdafrnkcf y rdkfvnkcf, dklfjncf dk bns Dxpdrhdkjhns cdb jbhdktd. Ynrn, nshghsgf, gdafrnr bn jfkdxhúk dktrd db jbhdktd y bn gnrjn. Bn hcdn sd mnsn dk pfcdr hktdrnjtunr gîs jfk su pñmbhjf y pfcdrbf jfkfjdr pnrn snthslnjdr sus kdjdshcncds f `ustfs. Cd tnb gnkdrn qud sd vn n hgpbdgdktnr ukn lfrgn cd ntrndr nb jbhdktd shdkcf gîs ntrnjthvn y gfcdrkn, dstf sdrçn ukn dstrntd`hn n : nþfs (gdchf pbnzf) dk GjCfknbc‘s. 

Yrhkjhpnbgdktd thdkd jfgf fmadthvf usnr cfs pntns cd kd`fjhf, bn jfkshstdkjhn qud ds tdkdr shdgprd bn chspfshjhúk y bn jfgukhjnjhúk qud dk dstd jnsf ds db pbnk cd gnrodthk` cd jfktdkhcfs. Dstd sd vn gnkdanr jfk bn dstrntd`hn bbngncn :C (Cdbhvdry, Ch`htnb y Crhvd-teru) d hkjbuyd lfrtnbdjdr bfs prfcujtfs gîs sfbhjhtncfs cd su gdkñ. GjCfknbc‘s yn thdkd pdksncf júgf vnk n cdsnrrfbbnr bn dstrntd`hn y ukn kudvn

rdbnjhúk jfk bfs jbhdktds. Lnst jfgpnky (]dvhstn cd Dstncfs Tkhcfs qud sd pumbhjn bfs kd`fjhfs y bf snjnk cd lfrgn hgprdsn y dk bçkdn, sd naustn nb chsdþf, tdjkfbf`çn y kd`fjhf) pumbhjú uk nkîbhshs prflukcf cd dstn kudvn dstrntd`hn cd vdr bn jfkdxhúk jfk db pñmbhjf, rdbnjhfkîkcfsd jfk bfs rdspfksnmbds cdb gnrodthk` d hkvdsth`nkcf bns jngpnþns qud

 

 

5

sd vnk n bnkznr dk Dstncfs Tkhcfs. Jfgf dxprdsnk dk Lnst jfgpnky nb pñmbhjf, bn hcdn ds qud sd shdktnk mhdk nb gfgdktf cd jfgprnr bn jfghcn y shdkcf >99% bdnbds jfk bn gnrjn. Dvfbujhúk enjhn uk jfktdkhcf gîs eugnkf

Yfr ftrf bncf, bn dstrntd`hn cd jfktdkhcfs cd GjCfknb c‘s db ]dtf cdb stfrytdbbhk`, jdktrîkcfsd dk phvftnr cdscd sus prfcujtfs n rdbntnr ehstfrhns eugnkns, jfgf sd fmsdrvú dk bn ñbthgn jngpnþn qud ehzf GjCfknbc‘s dk Dstncfs Tkhcfs, trnmnaf qud

ehzf Phdcdk ehzf  Phdcdk + Odkkdcy, Odkkdcy, kf  kf sd gfstrú ukn engmur`udsn, kh pntntns lrhtns, kh bn  prdsdkjhn cd bn dgprdsn dk ukn nbtn dsldrn. dsl drn. Ncdgîs cd qud dk Dspnþn sd dkjudktrn hkgdrsn dk ukn dstrntd`hn mnsncn dk db rdjfkfjhghdktf n bfs prfvddcfrds cd bns gntdrhns prhgns d hk`rdchdktds cd sus engmur`udsns. Db dadgpbf dstî dk bn jngpnþn bn jngpnþn Sfcf thdkd uk frh`dk, frh`dk, cd  cd bn qud yn edgfs enmbncf dk Gnrodthk` Hkshcdr ]dvhdw. GjCfknbc³s shdgprd en cdstnjncf pfr sus mudkns dstrntd`hns dk gnrodthk` cd jfktdkhcfs y dstd kf sdrî gfgdktf pnrn lnbbnr. Ynrn dvfbujhfknr dk bn dstrntd`hn cd jfktdkhcfs cd GjCfknbc‘s sd enk hgpbdgdktncf vnrhfs v nrhfs jngmhfs qud sd rdnbhznrîk

jfk db thdgpf, jrdnkcf uk jfktdkhcf gîs eugnkf, gîs jfkshdktd, gîs rdnb, qud dstnmbdzjn ukn rdbnjhúk y jfkdxhúk jfk su pñmhjf fmadthvf, hktdrnjtunkcf y jfkfjhdkcf gîs n lfkcf sus usunrhfs y gfstrîkcfbds bn pnrtd sdkshmbd qud bn gnrjn bds pudcd mrhkcn

4.  Db gfcdbf cd hktdrnjjhúk sfjhnb pnrn `nknr vhshmhbhcnc dk gdchfs ch`htnbds.

 

 

8 GjCfknbc‘s dstî rdnbhznkcf ukn lhrgd npudstn pfr bn jrdnjhúk y chstrhmujhúk cd

jfktdkhcfs rdbdvnktds n sus jbhdktds, dk db gnrjf cd ukn rdvhshúk y gfcdrkhznjhúk cd bn dstrntd`hn ch`htnb cd bn jfgpnþçn. Dk bfs cfs ñbthgfs nþfs bn dgprdsn jrdú ukns =.499 phdzns cd jfktdkhcfs cd gnrodthk` nkunbds y dstd nþf vn n jrdnr «nbrdcdcfr cd 4.999. GjCfknbc‘s phdksn gîs qud kukjn dk ch`htnb y, dk dstn bçkdn, en ncauchjncf  uk

jfktrntf cd uk ghbbúk ghbbúk cd cúbnrds n F Fgkhjfg, gkhjfg, cdsvhkjubîkcfsd cd Bdf Murkdtt, su n`dkjhn dk bfs ñbthgfs :4 nþfs.  

Bn dstrntd`hn cd GjCfknbc‘s dk Zknpjent  

Dk Zknpjent, GjCfknbc‘s hkstnbú `dflhbtrfs nbrdcdcfr cd bfs >3.999 rdstnurnktds cd bn gnrjn dk Dstncfs Tkhcfs jfk ukn hgn`dk cd pntntns lrhtns qud bfs usunrhfs  pudcdk nþnchr n sus sknps. Pneb dxpbhjú dx pbhjú qud dstfs `dflhbtrfs enk shcf usncfs >= ghbbfkds cd vdjds y `dkdrncf :95 ghbbfkds cd vhstns cdscd su bnkznghdktf db nþf  pnsncf. Bn dstrntd`hn cd GjCfknbc‘s dk Swhttdr  GjCfknbc‘s sd gdkjhfkn ukn vdz jncn cfs sd`ukcfs dk bfs Dstncfs Tkhcfs, pdrf

bn gnrjn sfbf rdspfkcd n ukn gdkjhúk jncn >9 sd`ukcfs. Ncdgîs, bn jfgpnþçn en dsjrhtf >3:.999 gdksnads n bfs jfksughcfrds n trnvès cd jnknbds jfgf Swhttdr. N  auhjhf cd bn JGF cd GjCfknbc‘s ‒dstf sh`khlhjn qud tfcnvçn tdkdgfs dspnjhf pnrn enjdr gujen gîs jfgukhjnjhúk‗  Bn dxhtfsn npudstn pfr ukn npp prfphn Ftrf bnkznghdktf dk bn dstrntd`hn cd GjCfknbc‘s en shcf bn Npp pnrn rdnbhznr

 pdchcfs n trnvès cdb gúvhb. Dstn Npp pdrghtd bn pdrsfknbhznjhúk cd pdchcfs y

 

  >9 sugn gîs cd >9 ghbbfkds cd cdsjnr`ns dk db ñbthgf nþf.  Bn npbhjnjhúk pdrghtd bn

 pdrsfknbhznjhúk cd bfs pdchcfs nb `ustf cdb jfksughcfr, jfksu ghcfr, quhtnr hk`rdchdktds, nþnchrbfs y flrdjd prfgfjhfkds dxjbushvns pnrn bfs jbhdktds. Bn kudvn dstrntd`hn dstî chrh`hcn n jfkstruhr, «db thpf cd n`dkjhn qud   pfcrçn pfcrçn jfkcujhr n bn hkkfvnjhúk, bn vdbfjhcnc y db hgpnjtf qud rdqudrhgfs  

0.  ]dldrdkjhns.

  Gfrn, G. K. M., Jnrvnanb, \. G. Y., & Îbvnrdz, @. C. B. (=9>8). Db

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Muydr Ydrsfkn jfgf lnjtfr jbnvd dktrd bns tdkcdkjhns dk @dsthúk Dgprdsnrhnb. ]DJHGTKCF, :(: DZY),