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François Lhomme 22.02.2005
MiCOM P441, P442 & P444 Distance Protection
Complet technical Overview = 180 Slides opened from a total of 345 slides
François LHOMME Marketing Products Lattes, February 2005 François Lhomme 22.02.2005
Presentation
Complet technical Overview = 180 Slides opened from a total of 345 slides ( in the middle of the bottom of each slide ) François Lhomme 22.02.2005
PROGRAM - J1 :
Training course Distance MICOM P444
Date 15/3 AREVA EAI Presentation
09.00
MiCOM range: family, functions
10.15
MiCOM Px40: organisation HW & features
10.30
Algorithms, distance calculation
11.00
Coffee break
11.30
Algorithms, distance calculation ,phase sel,Direct
11.45
Lunch
12.45
Algorithms, distance calculation ,phase sel,Direct
14.00
Coffee break
15.30
Algorithms, distance calculation ,phase sel,Direct
15.45
Conclusion
17.15
PROGRAM - J2 :
Training course Distance MICOM P444
Date 16/3 Algorithms, distance calculation ,phase sel,Direct
9.30
Coffee break
11.30
Algorithms, distance calculation ,phase sel,Direct
11.45
Lunch
12.45
Questions/Answers
14.00
Coffee break
15.30
Software versions description
15.45
MiCOM S1 - workshop
16.30
Conclusion
17.30
PROGRAM - J3 :
Training course Distance MICOM P444
Date 17/3 MiCOM S1 - Application customer & Back-up fonctions
9.30
Coffee break
11.30
MiCOM S1 - Application customer & Back-up fonctions
11.45
Lunch
12.45
MiCOM S1 - Application customer & Back-up fonctions
14.00
Coffee break
15.30
MiCOM S1 -
15.45
Conclusion
17.30
PROGRAM - J 4 :
Training course Distance MICOM P444
Date 18/3 Discussion: Questions/Answers
9.30
Coffee break
11.30
Conclusion
11.45
Lunch
12.45
Discussion: Questions/Answers End of session
14.00 17.00
Business Overview
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Presentation Overview
Our Solution Our Mission Our Markets Our Offer Our Brands Our Presence Our Differentiators Our Partnerships Our Position Our References
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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0
Our Solution to your Needs Your Concern
The efficient operation of your energy infrastructure and markets in a reliable and secure environment
You Need
A business partner with proven technology, an integrated automation offering and a local presence
We Offer
An innovative and complete range of products, systems and support that is leading the market in a fast-evolving environment
Leader in Real-Time Energy Infrastructure > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
10
1
Our Mission
To be the leading worldwide provider of Energy Management Solutions through automation and information systems, industry-leading software, mission-critical equipment and services for the efficient, reliable and secure operation of energy infrastructure and markets
Reliable Solutions for A Secure Infrastructure > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
11
2
Our Market
Expertise in Your Business > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
12
3
Our Complete Offer
Reliable Technology > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
13
4
Our Brands e-terra
Complete suites of energy and market management software PACiS
Comprehensive range of numerical, digital and conventional substation automation systems
MiCOM
Suite of high and medium voltage protection relays BiTRONICS
Full range of electrical measurement devices
Complementary Product Families > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
14
5
Our Worldwide Presence Local Delivery Points
9 Manufacturing Centers
20 Engineering Centers
46 Service Centers & Remote Offices
Centers of Excellence
Seattle :
Energy & Market Management Systems
San Jose :
Energy Market Participants
Bethlehem : Measurement & Metering
Farnham :
Energy Retail Settlements
Lattes :
Substation Control Systems
Massy :
Telecommunications
Stafford :
Protection & Control (HV/MV)
Ease of Doing Business > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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6
Our Differentiators Quality, Reliability & Support
Ease of Doing Business / Expertise
Reactivity to New Needs
Technology
Best maintenance >1M customers Best technical approach >1M customers Best implementation schedule >1M customers Best value for money >1M customers Best overall performance >1M customers Best maintenance IOUs
40
30
Best technical approach IOUs Best implementation schedule IOUs Most value for money IOUs Best overall performance IOUs 20
Source: Newton-Evans Research 10/2003
10
0
AREVA
GE
ABB
Siemens
Telvent
OSI
ACS
The Partner Who Delivers On Your Needs > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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7
Customer Partnerships Three Annual Users Groups on three continents North America Europe Australasia
Customers allocate a portion of R&D Hours Strong installed customer base Products
95%
Systems
64%
Support
56% 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Global Customer Agreements
World Class Customer Relationships > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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8
Technology Partnerships
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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9
Leadership Positioning N° 1 in Energy Market Systems N° 2 in Protection Relays 5000 Clients 30 Million Euro Annual R&D Investment 12% Annual Growth since 1974
550
96 18 1974
43 1984
1994
2004
The Reliability of a Worldwide Industry Leader > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
19
0
“The Automation Business Unit is your dedicated partner in bringing you the power of IT technology for the efficient and secure operations of your infrastructure” Laurent Demortier, T&D Automation Executive Vice President > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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1
MiCOM Distance: History & People
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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The P441/P442/P444 Distance The « Protection Team! »
Fabrice Gilles (R&D)
Laurence Barbe (Markg) François Lhomme (Marktg)
Denis Froment (R&D)
Patricia Morvan (R&D)
Damien Tholomier (Marketing Director)
Thierry Bardou (R&D manager) > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Expertise in the Distance Protection field... Quadramho PXLP (1980) PXLN EPAC 3000 EPAC 3800
Legacy LFZP
Optimho
MiCOM P44x (Since 2001)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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4
Technology evolution
Electro-
Analogue
Digital
Digital
mechanical
Mono-function
Integrated
Integrated
Mono-function
Relays
IED
Communicating
Relays
1940-1970
IED
1970-1990
1990-2000
I
2000-2010 U=RI
U=XV+RW
R U ?
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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The P441/442/444 MiCOM in the World
Total 2001->2005 = More than 6000 relays! François Lhomme 22.02.2005
6
MiCOM range Presentation LFZP141
Generat or Protecti on
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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MiCOM Relays MiCOM Products A complete range of protective relays, racks and cubicles for all applications, integrated into a digital control system or stand-alone.
MiCOM P Series : Protection Relays MiCOM M Series : Measurement products for accurate metering
MiCOM C Series : Substation management products MiCOM S Series : PC support Software and substation control Packages
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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40 Series
30 Series
20 Series
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Platform
8
MiCOM Relays Hardware & Software Platform
28
9
MiCOM Protection Portfolio
P900
Frequency Protection Relays
P800
Autoreclose, Breaker Fail ...
P700
Busbar Protection Schemes
P600
Transformer Protection Relays
P500
Line Differential and Unit Schemes
P400
Distance Protection Relays
P300
Generator Protection Relays
P200
Universal Motor Protection Relay
P100
Feeder Management Relays
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
P4xx = distance 29
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Voltage / Frequency Protection
Transformer protection
Differential protection
Distance Proetction
Generator Protection
Motor Protection
Feeder Protection
40 Series
30 Series
Platform
0
MiCOM Relays Hardware & Software Platform
20 Series 30
Feeder Motor Generator Distance
P 14x
P 24x
P 34x
P 54x P 74x
P 43x P 22x P 22x
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Transf. Frequency Diff.
P 94x
P 63x P 52x
P 92x
Px20
P 12x
B.B. Diff.
Px30
P 139
P 44x
I Diff.
Px40
1
MiCOM Relays Hardware & Software Platform
31
2
MiCOM Relays Generation
P340
Transmission
P630
P139 P940 P920 P120 P140 P340
P740 P440 P540 P140
P220
P630 P120 Home
Industry
P240
P630
P140 Distribution
P139
Low Voltage
MiCOM protections cover all areas of the power system > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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3
MiCOM Product Selection for Solidly/effectively-grounded Systems
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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PD571
PXLN
Algos.
SHNB
Algos.
Algos.
µmho Algos.
MiCOM
T RIP AL AR M OU T OF S ER VIC E
ED IT
C
=
C LEAR
=
R EAD
=
EN TER
G C
G
G
G
P439
H EAL THY
G
4
Design Pedigree: AREVA HV/EHV Distance
G
G
P437 Control
P432 EHV ONE-BOX SOLUTION
Algos.
EPAC Algos.
LFZP Optimho Algos. SOTF, Schemes ∆ Direction P44x/P54x H/W
P441/P442/P444 DISTANCE PROTECTION
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
LFZR LFDC Algos. Ph/select
P443 MiCOMho PROTECTION 34
5
Approximate Guidance: Speed P441/P442/P444 V 735/800kV 380/500kV
P437
P443
220/275kV 110/145kV 66/69kV 20/33kV
Trip Speed
P430
1.5 cyc.
1.25 cyc.
1 cyc.
Main Protection Backup Protection > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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6
Approximate Guidance: Characteristics V 735/800kV 380/500kV
Polygon Quad
Mho Quad P442
P437
220/275kV
P443
110/145kV 66/69kV 20/33kV
Trip Speed
P430
1.5 cyc.
1.25 cyc.
1 cyc.
Mho and/or Quadrilateral Polygon / Quadrilateral > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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MiCOM Distance Protection Characteristics Available X
Zone 3
jX
jX
Zone 2
L Zine
Zn
Arc Z
R
Zs
R
MHO
Zn
R
P443
P443
Zn
MEMORYPOLARISED MHO
OFFSET MHO
P443
Zfw
Xfw X 70° Zb
w
QUADRILATERAL
β R ZfwZfw,P PRfw,PP Rfw,PG ,P G
POLYGONAL
P442
P443
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
P437
P443
P437 37
8
P441/P442/P444 Summary
Versatile distance relay for all HV → EHV applications Extremely secure - Delta techniques, for fault detection, directionality and phase selection
Patented algorithms used in 3 generations of numerical relays Overhead line and /or cable applications (K01/KO2/KO3)
Efficient use of panel space - size 40TE (P441) or 60TE (P442 or 80TE (P444) / Different I/O capacity Menu-driven software for setting and analysis
Intuitive setting Common Px40 training modules Comprehensive back up protection P441/442/444 Universal distance protection - with a proven installed base > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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P437 Summary
P437
Distance protection for application up to and including the highest system voltages Design experience - 3rd generation of numerical distance protection from the same design team Proven V> and shaped Z< starting for high sensitivity
Z< starter acts as a load blinder, to ensure stability when no tripping is wanted
Maintains and manages the stability of the grid
Out of step tripping to control system separation An ideal complement to P44x family relays in “dual-main” distance protection applications Adjustable to any system grounding condition Integrated Bay Control available
Xfw X Zfw
Wall mounting case available
Zb
w
70°
β R ZfwZfw,P PRfw,PP Rfw,PG ,P G
Advanced protection and control in a Modular platform > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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P443
P443 MiCOMho Summary
Mho and quadrilateral elements available within one device line/cable type and length not needed at time of ordering Load blinder avoids spurious or cascade tripping, without desensitising the protection Selectable mho characteristic polarising permits control over expansion - allowing support for compensated and noncompensated applications The relay self-sets zone reaches from protected line data “simple setting mode” Superimposed (∆I) fault and power swing detection requires no starters to be set Z3 (reverse offset)
Easy to set and apply SUB CYCLE Relay < 1 cycle! Zp (reverse)
P443
High Speed Distance Protection Designed for Ease of Application > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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1
Typical HV/EHV Product Selection P442
P443
P437
Choose P44x family or P437 to give full-scheme relay performance. Choose P441/P442 for a multifunction distance relay for general applications. Offers quadrilateral characteristics, with a proven installed base of products .Dedicated test tool (Zgraph) commissioning mode Choose P430C/P433/P435/P439 for applications in solidly/effectively grounded and isolated/Peterson coil compensated systems (distribution network). Choose P432/P439 as one-box solutions where integrated bay control is required. Choose P437 for high speed tripping on HV/EHV systems, where quadrilateral/polygon characteristics are preferred. Choose P443 where guaranteed sub-cycle tripping is required (mho or quadrilateral), and in any mho characteristic applications. Mix and match in dual main protection applications! > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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P442
P443
P437
Key Selling Points!
PSL = Graphical easy solution adapted to client application Easy to set and apply (MiCOM S1- PSL - Zgraph - Monitor bit…) Modular Capacity of I/O - Maxi = P444 offers 24 Inputs / 46 Outputs SUB CYCLE Relay < 1 cycle! Friendly tools: Event / Dist Rec-Fault report - Maintenance code Universal Optos filtered or not (optionnal) Fast Trip or static output contact (optionnal) Stability during Pswing - Out Of step (Prevent black out!) Multi port of communication IEC 61850 coming soon NCIT options (available in P441/2/4 for site trial) Hot Keys in front panel See P443
High Speed Distance Protection Designed for Ease of Application > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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MiCOM P44x Series - Product Selector Type of Characteristic Mho
Quad
Mho+Quad
Don’t Care
Typical Operating Time General Purpose: 0.8 to 1.25 cycle
Fast: 0.7 to 1 cycle (price premium)
Binary I/O Requirements
Binary I/O
8in/14out 16in/21out 24in/32out 24in/46out
Hardware & Trip Options Is IRIG-B, ethernet, 2nd rear comms, or single pole tripping required? No
16in/24out 24in/32out
P443.A.
Yes P444..J
P441 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
P443.B.
P444..K
P442 43
MiCOM P441, P442 & P444 Distance Protection C2.x
5
P441/P442/P444 Summary
Versatile distance relay for all HV → EHV applications Extremely secure - Delta techniques, for fault detection, directionality and phase selection
Patented algorithms used in 3 generations of numerical relays(LFDC, PXLN, EPAC)
Designed for overhead line and /or cable applications (K01/KO2/KO3) Efficient use of panel space - size 40TE (P441) or 60TE (P442) or 80TE (P444) / Different I/O capacity Menu-driven software for setting and analysis
Intuitive setting Common Px40 training modules Comprehensive back up protection P441/442/444
Universal distance protection - with a proven installed base > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Overview of Protection Features Distance Protection (21) Directional & Non Directional Phase and Earth Fault Overcurrent (50/51/67PN) Directional Negative Phase Sequence (46) Channel Aided Trip Logic (Distance and Directional Earth Fault (85-21/85-67N) Broken Conductor (46BC) TOR/SOTF (50HS) Under & Over Voltage (59, 27) Breaker Failure (50BF) Thermal Overload ( 49) Power Swing Blocking/Tripping (68) Weak Infeed (27WI) Stub bus protection (50-Stub)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Overview of Operating Functions (1) Setting Groups VT / CT / CVT Supervision Fault Locator Auto Reclose & Check Synchronism CB Control & Maintenance Programmable Scheme Logic Trip Circuit Supervision (74TC) via PSL
More… > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Overview of Operating Functions (2)
HMI Interface Instrumentation Post Fault Analysis Self Diagnostics & Commissioning Communications Hardware Construction
Previous… > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Hardware Presentation MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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First AREVA Shipments in October 2004
From… > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
to 50
1
MiCOM Protection
P900
Frequency Relay
P800
Auto-reclose Relay, Fail CB
P700 Busbar Differential Protection P600 Differential Protection of Transformer P500 Line or cable Differential Protection P400
Distance Protection
P300
Generator Protection
P200
Motor Protection
P100
MT Start Protection
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Presentation Protection Functions
Distance Protection
4 Setting groups
Teleaction Distance Schemes
DEF / PW / IN>
Auto-Reclosure & Voltage supervision
Directional Max I / Non Directional
Inverse directional Max I / Non Directional
CB Fail
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Presentation Additional Functions
Faults Locator
TC / TP / TCT Supervision
Control & Supervision
(PSL) Logic Scheme Programmable
Conductor break pick up
Max U & Min U
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Presentation Additional Functions
Interface Man/Machine
Instrumentations
Fault analysis skills
Diagnostic aid
Communications
Material
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Hardware Presentation MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Available Models P441 - Housing 8” (40TE)
Three-phase trip and auto-reclosure 8 opto-insulated inputs 14 output contacts
6 N/O
8 C/O
Option:
Check Sync
Conventional Instrument Transformer or NCIT (IEC61850 - 9 - 2)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Available Models P442 - Housing 12” (60TE)
Three-phase and single phase trip and auto-reclosure
16 opto-insulated inputs
21 output contacts
9 N/O
12 C/O
Options: Voltage control - IRIG-B synchronization
Voltage control for Check Sync
IRIG-B synchronization
IEC60870 - 5 / 103 Optical Fibre Converter
Conventional Instrument Transformer or NCIT (IEC61850 - 9 - 2)
Second rear communication port/InterMICOM/UCA2
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Available Models P444 - Housing 16” (80TE)
Three-phase and single phase trip and auto-reclosure 24 opto-insulated inputs 32 (up to 46max-model H) output contacts
24 N/O
8 C/O
Options:
Voltage control for Check Sync IRIG-B synchronization
IEC60870 - 5 / 103 Optical Fibre Converter
Conventional Instrument Transformer or NCIT (IEC61850 - 9 - 2)
Second rear communication port/InterMiCOM/UCA2
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Rated Values of Inputs/Outputs Analogue Voltage transformers:
Voltage: 80 - 140Vca ph-ph
Analogue Current tranformers:
Dual CT inputs 1A/5A
Or Digital Acquisition for Non Conventional Instrument Transformers (Optical Fibre Input - IEC 61850 -9 - 2 protocol) Auxiliary Voltage:
19 - 65 Vcc
37 - 150Vcc or 24 - 110Vca
87 - 300Vcc or 80 - 265Vca
Field voltage (for external use) : 48V DC (current limit: 112 mA)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Rated Values of Inputs/Outputs 8,16 or 24 opto universal inputs (24 - 250Vcc) 6N/O, 8C/O Outputs or 9N/O, 12C/O or 24N/O, 8C/O
Contact characteristics:
Make and Carry: 30A during 3s
Carry continuous : 5A
Breaking Capacity: 62.5W with L/R=40ms
Watchdog Contact 1N/O, 1N/C
Breaking Capacity : 15W with L/R=40ms
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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1
Hardware Architecture (P441 & P442) Power Supply
Relay PCB 8 Outputs
8 Relay PCB isolated inputs (P442)
Relay PCB 8 Outputs
Relay PCB
8 opto inputs & isolated & Analogue PCB 16 bits ADC
8 Outputs (P442)
Transformer PCB 4 VT, 4 TC
64-way ribbon cable (BUS) Main processor & User interface (DSP TMS 320C33 150 MHz)
Co-processor PCB (DSP TMS 320C33 150 MHz) Samples acquisition Electronic Filtering Threshold calculation Distance Algorithms
Backup Protection Disturbance Recorder Fixed Scheme Logic Programmable Scheme Logic Comm. and HMI Management
Battery
SK2
SK1 IRIG-B PCB (P442) BNC
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Rx1
Tx1
Or
Second Com. port (P442) BNC SK4 SK5
61
2
Hardware Architecture (P444) Power Relay PCB Relay PCB 7 Output Supply 8 Output contacts PCB contacts
Relay PCB 7 Output contacts
Opto input PCB 8 Inputs
8 opto inputs & Analogue PCB 16 Bits ADC
Transformer PCB 4 VT, 4 CT
64-way ribbon cable (BUS) Relay PCB 8 Output Relay PCB Contacts 8 Output contacts
Relay PCB 8 Ouput contacts
Co-processor PCB (DSP TMS 320C33 150 MHz)
Relay PCB 8 opto inputs
Samples acquisition Electronic Filtering Threshold calculation Distance Algorithms
Main processor and user interface PCB (DSP TMS 320C33 150 MHz) Backup Protection Disturbance Recorder Fixed Scheme Logic Programmable Scheme Logic Comm. and HMI Management
Battery
SK2
IRIG-B PCB (P442) BNC
Rx1
Tx1
Or
Second Com. port (P442) BNC SK4 SK5
SK1
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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MiCOM P444 Hardware Description
Front panel included Main Processor & User Interface Board (MiCOM Px40 series standard)
64 way ribbon cable
MiCOM P444 - Front Opened > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
63 63
4
MiCOM P444 Hardware Description Power supply module included one outputs board
3 Opto Universal Boards 8 inputs per board 24 inputs per P444
4 Output Boards 8 OMRON relays per board 32 outputs per P444 (24 n/o & 8 c/o) +2 PCB 7relays =46 outputs in H version
Transformer Module
Optional IRIG-B Board
Co-processor Board
MiCOM P444 - Position of the boards inside the case > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
64 64
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MiCOM P441-442-444 Hardware Description Optional IRIG-B Board (Not for P441)
1A / 5A current & voltage input terminals (Terminal block C)
Programmable digital Power supply outputs (32 relays) connection connection (Terminal block J, K, L & M) (Terminal block N) N
Others options: - ethernet -2nd rear -InterMicom (Not for P441)
Optional Fibre optic connection IEC60870-5-103 (Not for P441)
Option:Programmable digital outputs (2x7relays) connection (Terminal block G & H)
Programmable 24 digital inputs connection (Terminal block D, E & F)
MiCOM P444 - Rear view > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
1st Rear Communication port RS485 65 65
6
P44x Existing Range Version Compatibility Hard ref A A2.6
A
B
C
G-H-J
A3.0 A4.0
C1.0 Areva
B1.0 C1.1 A2.11
A3.3
04A
06A 06B
A4.8 07A 07B
PSL ref 512 cells
B1.4
020G 020H
C2.x 030G 030H 030J
09C
PSL ref 1024 cells
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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P44x Phase 2 Development Last Version A4.8 & more - Since August 2004
Addition of the Fault Location Cell in IEC60870-5/103 protocol
Optional 2nd rear communication port (Courier protocol only): P44x??7????????? : 2nd rear port only P44x??8????????? : 2nd rear port and IRIGB Language: Courier always
IRIG-B
Second rear port Courier Port since A4.0 (RS232/RS485)
InterMiCOM (RS232) available since C1.0
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
SK4
Physical links: RS 232 or RS 485 (polarity sensitive) or K-Bus (non polarity sensitive)
SK5
67
8
Cortec selection:P44???x (No options for P441)
MiCOM P442-444 Hardware Description (Options) IRIG-B Board
Fibre optic connection IEC60870-5-103 optical port Ethernet 10/100MHz Copper port
2nd rear port Courier (RS232/RS485)
Inter-MiCom Port (RS232) Cortec selection:P44?????x
1st Rear port
Rear view - Communications options > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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P44x Phase 2 Development Version C1.0 - available from April 2004 Version C2.2 - available from Sept 2004
Integration of the new CPU board at 150 MHz
Optional fast static outputs
Optional 46 outputs in P444-model 20H/ 30H
Addition of a settable time delay to prevent maloperation due to zone evolution from zone n to zone n-1 by CB operation
Addition of a tilt characteristic for zone 1 (independent setting for phase-toground and phase-to-phase). Settable between ± 45°
Addition of a tilt characteristic for zone 2 and zone P (common setting for phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase/Z2 and Zp). Settable between ± 45°
Additional DDB signal - Distance Earth Fault
Integration of special RTE weak infeed logic (PAP)
Integration of uncompressed disturbance recorder with resolution of 24 samples
Addition of Control input Buttons (“Hotkeys”)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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P44x Phase 2 Development Version C1.0 - available from April 2004 Version C2.2 - available from Sept 2004
Integration of InterMiCOM (serial communication from relay to relay) Addition of an independent Tp Transmission Time Delay for Aided Trip Logic for DEF Modification of DEF Time Delay step from 100 ms to 2ms SBEF with 4 stages (IN>1 to IN>4) Extraction of the internal TRACE (windows tool not yet available)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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P44x Phase 2 Development Version C1.0 - available from April 2004 Version C2.2 - available from Sept 2004
Power Swing Logic modified:
Detection is now realised by using phase-to-phase loops to ensure a better phase-to-ground resistance coverage.
Additional Delta Fault Detector used during Power Swing condition to unblock distance element by 3 phase fault independently of the faulty current value.
Additional Delta Fault Selector used to determinate the faulty phase if a fault occurs during power fault (previous firmware force a 3 phase fault selection).
Relay is able to differentiate an out-of-step condition from a stable power swing (sign of R). Out-of-step tripping can be realised by PSL.
A trip can be issued using PSL when a certain number of Out-of-step or/and stable power swing conditions has been reached
Zone Decision is filtered by Power Swing Logic during TOR condition to avoid an instantaneous trip if reclosing on power swing condition and if any of 6 loops within the distance characteristic. > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
71
2
CT Requirements Recent RTDS testing have been conducted to verify the CT requirements with the new version C1.0:
CT Knee Point Voltage for Phase Fault Distance Protection
Vk
≥
KRPA x IF Z1 x (1+ X/R) . (RCT + RL)
Where:
Vk
=
Required CT knee point voltage (volts),
KRPA
=
Fixed dimensioning factor = always 0.6
IF Z1
=
Max. secondary phase fault current at Zone 1 reach point (A),
X/R
=
Primary system reactance / resistance ratio,
RCT
=
CT secondary winding resistance (Ω),
RL
=
Single lead resistance from CT to relay (Ω).
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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3
CT Requirements
Recent RTDS testing have been conducted to verify the CT requirements with the new version C1.0:
CT Knee Point Voltage for Earth Fault Distance Protection
Vk
≥
KRPA x IFe Z1 x (1+ Xe/Re) . (RCT + 2RL)
Where:
KRPA
= Fixed dimensioning factor = always 0.6
IFe Z1 (A),
= Max. secondary earth fault current at Zone 1 reach point
Xe/Re
= Primary system reactance / resistance ratio for earth loop.
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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4
P44x Phase 2 Development Version C2.x
Version C1.0 - available from April 2004 Version C2.2 - available from Sept 2004 Model 30H/30G/30J (Cortec modified)
Thermal overload function (as P540) - dual time constant Measurement 3: Thermal status Alarm : 50% - 100% Log curves Dual alarm between copper & oil
UCA2 - DNP3/Kbus/ModBus/103… 61850-8-1 soon Input synchro included in the DDB Opto configuration - with/without filtering - included or not in the events DEF settings: IN Rev Factor (0,6 - 1) 30J: Dual Optos for china’s market
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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5
Analogue to Digital Conversion and Filtering 24 Samples per cycle (AX)
12 Samples per cycle (AX) 24 Samples per cycle (>B1.x)
48 Samples per cycle (>B1.x) Anti aliasing
i
Lowpass filter
Analogue to digital conversion
I
FIR current derivative
Anti aliasing U
24 samples per cycle
1 Sample delay
u
Lowpass filter
1 Sample delay
i
di/dt
u
F sampling for Dist.Rec. is 24 samples/cycle since version B1.X > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
75
6
Analog to Digital Conversion and Filtering ((AX) 24 samples - (>B1.x) 48 Samples )
Analogue & Numerical Filters Anti-aliasing
Digital Filters Fc MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
76
7
Analog to Digital Conversion and Filtering Low Pass Filter: frequency cut out 150 Hz, 250 Hz, 350 Hz, 500 Hz & 600 Hz F i ltr e p a s s e - b a s 1 .4
1 .2
A m p li tu d e
1
0 .8
0 .6
0 .4
0 .2
0
0
100
200
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
300 F ré q u e n c e
400
500
600
77
8
Analog to Digital Conversion and Filtering ((AX) 12 samples - (>B1.x) 24 Samples ) Numerical Filters
Low Pass
Derivative Filter
High Pass Filter
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Delay
Posit&Negat seq. Filter
78
9
Analog to Digital Conversion and Filtering High Pass Filter: frequency cut out 0 Hz, 300 Hz & 462 Hz. F i ltre p a s s e - h a u t 2 .5
2
A m p li tu d e
1 .5
1
0 .5
0
0
100
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
200
300 F ré q u e n c e
400
500
600
79
0
Analog to Digital Conversion and Filtering Derivated Filter: frequency cut out 0 Hz, 300 Hz & 462 Hz. F i tr e d é r i v a te u r 1200
1000
A m p li tu d e
800
600
400
200
0
0
100
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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300 F ré q u e n c e
400
500
600
80
1
Hardware Overview MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
81
2
MiCOM Hardware - Example of Front Housing View 80TE (1) LCD - 3 lines
Programmable LEDs
Fixed LEDs
Bottom Flap Masking RS232 COM port and Battery > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
82
3
MiCOM Hardware - Example of Front Housing View 80TE (2) Serial N° and CORTEC Code identifying the product
2 Hot Keys Consultation/Effacement Compte Rendus SK2: DB 25 points - Text editor - Flash Version
Navigation Arrow Battery: Disturbance Event Maintenance Message
SK1: DB 9 points - Settings / PSL - Extraction (evt/Pert) - Reset Leds
Available Informations of Front Housing > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
83
4
MiCOM Hardware Teminal Blocks Rear View
Ethernet Module
Inputs/Outputs Module
Analogical Module
Module IRIGB
Rear View of the Housing 40-60-80TE > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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5
Protection Features MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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6
P440 Distance & Other Protection Functions Power Swing Blocking
Distance Protection
Out Of Step Logic
Channel Aided Distance / DEF
Broken Conductor Detection
Switch on to Fault & Trip on Reclose
Negative Directional Sequence Overcurrent
Directional / non Directional Overcurrent
Thermal Overload Breaker Failure > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Under / Over Voltage
Directional / non Directional Earth Fault
86
7
Distance Protection MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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8
P440 Distance Protection Distance Protection Algorithms
Trip on Reclose Switch on to fault
Parallel Line
Zone 1 Extension Loss of Load
Channel Aided Trip Weak Infeed and Echo Mode PAP
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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9
Distance Protection Algorithms ONE-Maroc Proper Fault Clearance EETC-Egypte Fault Detection
TNB-Malaisie Lapem-Mexique
Secure Phase Selection Evolving Faults Power Swings
Terna-Italie
HydroQuebec-Canada
Directional Security
Enel-Italie
Flexible Distance Zones
PowerGrid-Indes EPRI-Chine
Fast Fault Clearance Non-Pilot & Pilot Logic (Distance Aided Schemes)
-Brézil > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
… Qualified in many utilities 89
0
Distance Protection Algorithms Full Scheme Distance Protection Five Quadrilateral Zones (Tilt in option) X
Z3
Zp
Additional Fwd. / Rev.Programmable Zone p
Z2 Z1 R Z4
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Directional Line fixed at: - 30° (Deltas & Classical) 90
1
Distance Protection Algorithms Distance Scheme Distance operation settable (21P, 21G or both) Zone operation settable (Z1X, Z2, Zp, Z3 & Z4) Zp Direction programmable Zone overlapping or zone selection Single or three pole tripping (P442 & P444)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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2
Impedance Measurement Algorithms R and X Measurement Compute R and X for 6 impedance loops (ZAN, ZBN, ZCN, ZAB, ZBC, ZCA) Line characteristics:
D ZSource
ZLine
Fault characteristics:
I U
J
R = line resistance (Ω/km) X = line reactance (Ω/km)
RFault
U =D x V + RFault x J
D = calculated position of the fault (km) I = fault current on the faulty phase(s) as measured by the relay (A) RF= apparent fault resistance (Ω)
V = (R + jX) x I = linear voltage drop on the line (V/km) U = voltage measured by the relay (V)
J = fault current through the fault
resistance(A) Ir = residual current
=D x (R + jX) x I + RFault x J
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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3
Setting Applied for Ground Fault Detection A-N Zone 1 shown:
IA
ZS
Z1 Gnd
VA
VS
IA
Line Ground Reach IN
kZn x Z1 Gnd
R1 Gnd
Fault
Line Residual Reach Xa
Z1 gnd Z1 R1gnd/ 1+kZN
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Ground Loop Model Ra
93
4
Impedance Measurement Algorithms R and X Measurement Location of Relay Zs Zs
Z
i3
V2N
V1N
ZL
Z
i2
kS Z S
R Fault/(1 + K0)
L
L
Z Fault
Z
Zs i 1 V3N
X Ω/phase
L
V V V 1
2
3
kL ZL
R Ω/phase
RFault
Phase-to-ground loop impedance: VαN = ZL x D x (Iα + kO x 3I0) + RFault x J with α = (A, B or C)
k0 =
Z0 - Zd 3 x Zd
And J = 3I0 during the first 2 cycles and then J = I α
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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5
Impedance Measurement Algorithms R and X Measurement For phase-to-earth loop impedance: VAN = ZL x D x (IA + kO x 3I0) + RFault x J
VBN = ZL x D x (IB + kO x 3I0) + RFault x J VCN = ZL x D x (IC + kO x 3I0) + RFault x J x 4 kO residual compensation factors = 12 loops
The derived faulted phase current is used for measurement after the first 2 cycles for fault in zone 2, 3, P and 4 because the zero sequence current 3I0 can be erroneous due to a singlephase CB opening in the network.
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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6
Impedance Measurement Algorithms R and X Measurement
For phase-to-earth loop impedance: 1.1.1.
CARACTERISTIQUE MONO AVEC ZONE P AVAL
X Zone3
Zone1
R3G K0p
Zp
ZoneP Z2 Zone2
K03
Z3
Z1
K02
K01
RpG
R2G
R1G
R Zone4
Z1, Z2, Z3, Zp, Z4 R1G, R2G, R3G, RpG
: limites des zones 1, 2, 3, p, 4 : portée en résistance des zones 1, 2, 3, p, 4 pour les défauts monophasés. K01, K02, K03, K0p : coefficient de compensation résiduelle des zones 1, 2, 3, p Les zones 1, 2, 3 et P peuvent avoir des portées en résistances et des coefficients de compensation résiduelle différents. Les zones 3 et 4 ont les mêmes portées en résistances et coefficients de compensation résiduelle. Les coefficients de compensation résiduelle dépendent de la caractéristique de la ligne sur chaque zone. angle de ligne :
ϑ
pg
2 * Z1 + Zx 0 = Arg où Zx0 est l’impédance homopolaire pour la zone x et 3
Z1 est l’impédance directe. > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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7
Setting Applied for Phase Fault Detection A-B Zone 1 shown:
IA - IB
ZS
Z1 Ph Line Phase Reach
VS
VAB
Xab
R1 Ph / 2
Fault
Z1 ph Z1 R1ph/2
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Positive Sequence Model Rab
97
8
Impedance Measurement Algorithms R and X Measurement Location of Relay Zs
Zs Zs
V3N
V2N
ZL
i3
ZL
i1 V1 V2 V3
R Fault/2 ZL
ZL
i2
V1N
X Ω/phase
RFault
Z Fault
R Ω/phase
Phase-to-phase loop impedance: Vαβ = ZL x D x Iαβ + RFault /2 x J with αβ = (AB, BC or CA) and with J = Iαβ
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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9
Impedance Measurement Algorithms R and X Measurement For phase-to-phase loop impedance: VAB = ZL x D x IAB + RFault /2 x J
VBC = ZL x D x IBC + RFault /2 x J VCA = ZL x D x ICA + RFault /2 x J = 3 loops
The protection has 15 measurement loops. The measurements are true reactance measurements, i.e. insensitive to effects of load current and fault resistance. All 15 loops will be computed every 0,69 ms at 60 Hz. (24 samples per cycle)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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00
Impedance Measurement Algorithms R and X Measurement
For phase to phase loop impedance: 1.1.1.
CARACTERISTIQUE BIPHASEE AVEC ZONE P AVAL
X
Z3
Zone3
Zp
ZoneP
R3Ph
Z2
Zone2
RpPh
Z1
Zone1
R2Ph R1Ph
R
Zone4
Z1, Z2, Z3, Zp, Z4 R1Ph, R2Ph, R3Ph, RpPh
: limites des zones 1, 2, 3, p, 4 : portée en résistance des zones 1, 2, 3, p pour les défauts biphasés. Dans le cas d’une caractéristique biphasée, toutes les zones ont le même angle de ligne : l’argument de Z1 (impédance directe).
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Gauss-Seidel (Last mean square iterative mathematics method)
Fault distance D : DN
Σ U x V - R fault N-1 x Σ V x J
=
Σ (V)²
Fault resistance R Fault : R Défaut N
=
01
Impedance Measurement Algorithms R and X Measurement
Σ U x J - D N-1 x Σ V x J Σ (J)²
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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02
Impedance Measurement Algorithms R and X Measurement - Gauss-Seidel
Σ (ε i) = Σ (Vα i 2
-
Vα 1 = ZL . D . Iα 1 + RF. IF1 + ε
1
Vα i =
ZL . D . Iα i + RF. IFi + ε
i
Vα n =
ZL . D . Iα n + RF. IFn + ε
ZL . D . Iα i - RF. IFi)
2
∂
Σ (ε i)
2
/∂
(ZL.D) = 0
n
(Last mean square method) et ∂
Σ (ε i)
2
/∂
RF = 0
∂ Σ (ε i) /∂ (ZL.D) =∂ Σ (Vα i-ZL.D.Iα i-RF. IFi) /∂ (ZL.D) - Derivate calculation =Σ [2.(Vα i-ZL.D.Iα i-RF. IFi).(-Iα i)=0] 2
∂ Σ (ε i)2 /∂ RF
2
=∂ Σ (Vα i-ZL.D.Iα i-RF. IFi)2/∂ RF
= Σ [2.(Vα i-ZL.D.Iα i-RF. IFi).(-IFi) =0]
Σ (Vα i . Iα i) = ZL.D. Σ (Iα i)2
+ RF. Σ (Iα i . IFi)
Σ (Vα i . IFi) = ZL.D. Σ (Iα i . IFi) + RF. Σ (IFi)2 The above system is solved by iterative method: ZL.D n = [Σ (Vα i . Iα i) – RF n-1. Σ (Iα i . IFi)] / Σ (Iα i)2 RF n =[ Σ (Vα i . IFi) - ZL.D n-1. Σ (Iα i . IFi) ] / Σ (IFi)2
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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03
Distance Protection Algorithms
Dual distance protection algorithms The operation of MiCOM P440 is based on the combined use of two types of algorithms for a fault detection: Algorithm 1: Fault detection using superimposed quantities: Delta algorithm (Startup: ∆I or ∆V ) Algorithm 2: Fault detection using resistance/reactance: Conventional algorithm (Startup: minZ )
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
103
04
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms
Delta algorithms
The patented algorithm has been proven with 15 years of service at all voltage levels.
The P440 relay has ultimate reliability of phase selection and directional decision far superior to standard distance techniques.
The delta algorithms are based on transient components.
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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05
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms/Principle
Delta algorithm using superimposed values Fault confirmation Forward fault detection
T = 1/2 cycle
Phase selection Convergence of calculated R and X within quadrilateral zone Trip time with new coprocessor board: Fastest Trip Time 0.85 cycle Typical 1.1 cycle
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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06
Faulted Phase Selection
All P44x Use Superimposed Current
Compares pre-faulted system Acts as a fault detector and faulted phase detector Can quickly recognize evolving faults and power swings Provides secure phase selection for complex fault conditions Sensitive to any fault type
Works Automatically - with no settings needed > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
106
07
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms/Principle Predicted and Superimposed Values
Y(t-2T) = Sample two cycles prior to t
Y(t-T) = Sample one cycle prior to t
Yp(t)
= Predicted value of Y at time t = 2.Y(t-T) - Y(t-2T)
↑
∆Y(t)
= Y(t) - Yp(t)
★
↑
★ ★
Y(t) currents or voltages
Sampled waveform “y”
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
107
08
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms/Principle Calculation of Superimposed Values IApf Unfaulted line (predicted)
VApf
VFpf IA
Faulted line
F
VA
F Rfault
∆IA Superimposed Delta values: ∆VA=VA-VApf ∆IA=IA-IApf
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
∆VA
-VFpf Rfault
108
09
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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10
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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11
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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12
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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13
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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14
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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15
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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16
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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17
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms/Principle A transition is detected if:
∆I > 20% In OR ∆V >10% Vn
Then three tasks are starting in parallel:
Fault confirmation: ∆I AND ∆V
Faulty phase selection
Fault direction determination
(3 consecutive samples)
(classical directionnal computed in parallel)
(4 consecutive samples) (5 consecutive samples)
Start ∆
Confirmation Phase selection Direction
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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18
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms/Phase Selection Phase Selection
Current derivative values are used to eliminate the effect of dc transients
Derivative currents are squared prior to magnitude comparison Sx = Σ(∆ I'x)² for the six loops
Phase-to-phase values are sorted into ascending order and compared
Example SAB < SBC < SCA
-
If SAB MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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19
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms/Phase Selection
Phase selection
If no single phase fault is detected, phase values are sorted into ascending order and compared
Example SA < SB < SC
-
Fault affects at least the ring main (B,C)
-
If SA MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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20
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms/Fault Direction
Fault direction is determined according to the sign of transient energy characterising the fault. Transition energy is the energy created by the fault and is given by:
- S = ∫ U x I x dt The sign of the energy is used for detection of fault direction as follows:
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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21
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms/Fault Direction
For forward faults ∆I is in reverse direction to the relay’s CT orientation The power supplied through the relay is:
P = - ∆I². Zs
The energy is:
S = - ∫ ∆I². Zs. dt, which is always negative
Zone 1
V
I
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Forward fault
121
22
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms/Fault Direction
For a reverse fault ∆V = ∆I. Zs is positive while ∆I is in same direction as the relay’s CT orientation, hence: The power supplied through the relay is:
P = - ∆I². Zs
The energy is:
(S = + ∫ ∆ I ². Zs. dt,) always positive for a reverse fault.
Zone 1
V
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
I
Reverse fault
122
23
Delta Directional Comparison: Forward Fault Decision Forward direction Forward fault
V
I
∆V ∆I
- ∆V ∠-Zs
Delta I lags inverted Delta V Delta I lags -∆V according to the
characteristic angle of the source impedance behind the relay
60° degrees for lines (by default),
0 degrees used for series compensated line applications (Series Cmp. Line = “Enabled” in P442).
P442 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
P443 123
24
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms/Fault Direction The fault direction is determined by the sign of the transient energy S calculated by phase: SA=Σ ∆UA x ∆IA , SB=Σ ∆UB x ∆IB ,
SC=Σ ∆UC x ∆IC
If fault in AN If fault in BN If fault in CN
then S = SA then S = SB then S = SC
If fault in AB If fault in BC If fault in CA If fault in ABC
and if SA or SB MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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27
Distance Protection Algorithms Conventional Algorithms
Conventional algorithms use the 15 measuring loops of impedance (AN, BN,CN, AB, BC, CA) Under impedance Z< starting Start when at least 1 of the 15 measuring loops converges within the start-up characteristic (Z3 and Z4)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Distance Protection Algorithms Conventional Algorithms
Phase selection Current phase selection
Amplitudes I’A, I’B and I’C derived from the three phase currents IA, IB and IC are measured and compared to each other and to the two thresholds S1 (= 3 x IN) and S2 (= 5 x IN)
Example I’A < I’B < I’C
-
If I’C > S2, I’B > S1 and I’A > S1, the fault is three-phase
-
If I’C > S2, I’B > S1 and I’A < S1, the fault is two-phase (BC)
-
If I’C > S2, I’B < S1, the fault is single-phase (CN)
-
If I’C < S2, the current phase selection cannot be used.
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Distance Protection Algorithms Conventional Algorithms Impedance phase selection
Impedance phase selection is obtained by checking the convergence of the various measuring loops within the start-up characteristic
T = presence of zero-sequence voltage or current
ZAN = Convergence within the characteristic of the loop AN
ZBN = Convergence within the characteristic of the loop BN
ZCN = Convergence within the characteristic of the loop CN
ZAB = Convergence within the characteristic of the loop AB
ZBC = Convergence within the characteristic of the loop BC
ZCA = Convergence within the characteristic of the loop CA
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Distance Protection Algorithms Conventional Algorithms Impedance phase selection
In addition, the following are also defined:
RAN = ZAN . /ZBC with /ZBC = no convergence within the characteristic of the loop BC
RBN = ZBN . /ZCA with /ZCA = no convergence within the characteristic of the loop CA
RCN = ZCN . /ZAB with /ZAB = no convergence within the characteristic of the loop AB
RAB = ZAB . /ZC with /ZC = no convergence within the characteristic of the loop CN
RBC = ZBC . /ZA with /ZA = no convergence within the characteristic of the loop AN
RCA = ZCA . /ZB with /ZB = no convergence within the characteristic of the loop BN
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Distance Protection Algorithms Conventional Algorithms Impedance phase selection
The different phase selection are:
SAN = T . RA . /RB . /RC
single phase A to ground fault
SBN = T . RB . /RA . /RC
single phase B to ground fault
SCN = T . RC . /RA . /RB
single phase C to ground fault
SAN = T . RA . /RB . /RC
single phase A to ground fault
SAB = T . RAB . ZA . ZB
phase-to-phase AB to ground fault
SBC = T . RBC . ZB . ZC
phase-to-phase BC to ground fault
SCA = T . RCA . ZC . ZA
phase-to-phase CA to ground fault
SAB = /T . RAB . /RBC . /RCA phase-to-phase AB fault
SBC = /T . RBC . /RCA . /RAB phase-to-phase BC fault
SCA = /T . RCA . /RAB . /RBC phase-to-phase CA fault
SABC = ZA . ZB . ZC . ZAB . ZBC . ZCA 3 phase fault
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Distance Protection Algorithms Conventional Algorithms Directional decision Phase shift between the pre-fault voltage and the fault current For single-phase loops:
Phase shift between the stored voltage and the current derivative I’α + kO x 3I’0 with α = (A, B or C)
For two-phase loops:
Phase shift between the stored voltage and the derivative of the current I’αβ with αβ = (AB, BC or CA)
Directional angle is fixed between -30° and +150°
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Theoretical Distance Relay Operating Requirements X
1) Trip for internal fault 2) Stable for all loading
ZLine
Fault + arc impedance region
Z load R
Load impedance
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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34
Effects of Infeed and Outfeed: Apparent Arc Resistance Change X load import ZLine
load export
Arc impedance with Remote end infeed
Z load R
Load impedance region > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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35
Using P442 family relays Setting of Right-Hand resistive reach Five Quadrilateral Zones X Z3 Zp Z2 Z1
This line serves as the load blinder, and the resistive coverage, in one setting
R Z4
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Directional Line
135
36
Protection de Distance Algorithmes Classiques - Sélection de phase à minZ sur défaut Bi-Terre (exemple:ABN) Surveillance des 3 boucles AB, BN,AN Position des boucles dans différentes zones (AN=Z1/AB=Z2/BN en dehors) Solution appliquée: Afin d ’éviter une sél.de phase mono Z1, la caratéristique est étendue (X3étendue=2R3) Z Z s
Z s
Z s
VB
VA
N
N
iC
BN BN
d
Z
iB
AB
d
Z
iA
d
V V V A
B
BN
AN R Défaut
C
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Quadrilateral Characteristic Advantages Zone reach setting (Z) and Resistive reach (R) setting are independent
Allows resistive reach to be set exactly according to the fault arc coverage required
No need to rely on characteristic expansion - you get what you set!
Resistive reach setting acts as the load blinder
Makes characteristic applicable to lines of all lengths, without risking load encroachment trips
Characteristic simplicity - easy to test and commission
Resistive reach is constant throughout the length of the zone
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
137
38
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta/Conventional Algorithms Trip Decision on X/R Convergence in Zone All zone timers started at the instant of fault detection Rn-1 < Ri and Rn < Ri and |Rn-1 - Rn| < 10% x Ri Xn-1 < Xi and Xn < Xi and |Xn-1 - Xn| < k% x Xi With k= 5% for zone 1 and 10% for other zones With i=1,1X,2,p,3 and 4
3
2
1
0
4.. R Directional Line
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
138
39
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta/Conventional Algorithms Trip Decision on X/R Convergence in Zone MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
140
41
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms (Example in Version A4.x) Classic Algorithms: ZAC Convergence
Trip
Delta Algorithms: Start ∆V or ∆I
Delta Algorithms: Delta Algorithms: Sending Direction AC Phase Selection
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Zone Decision: Zone 1
141
42
Distance Protection Algorithms Algorithms Chaining Acquisition and filtering of samples
Y
Line open
Switch-on-to-fault
Impedance measurements on all 15 loops
N N
Convergence in characteristic of all 6 loops
Phase selection
Network healthy
N Y
Y Detection of transition
Fault confirmation
Y Phase selection
Direction
Direction
Tripping logic Decision to trip using delta algorithms during 40 ms Decision to trip using classic algorithms
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
142
43
P44x Phase 2 Development Version B1.2 - available from June 2003 Modification of the distance algorithm chaining Distance Start:
(∆U OR ∆I) with ∆U > 10% Vn and ∆I 20% > In OR
Z< (classical) Directional Decision:
The sign of transient energy (Σ ∆U x ∆I) is used if (∆V AND ∆I) is verified, ELSE
Direction decision of the classical algorithms is used (angle between pre-fault voltage and faulty current)
Phase Selection:
∆I phase selector is used if ∆I verified (S = Σ ∆’I) OR
Classical Current Phase Selector is used ELSE
Classical Impedance Phase Selector is used > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
143
44
Distance Protection - Algorithms Chaining detailed FAST ALGO RITHM
SA =
∑
DIST START A* (DDB 249)
( ∆ Iad ) 2 ...
DIST START B* (DDB 250) DIST START C* (DDB 251)
DISTANCE PHASE SELECTION
IMPEDANCE MONITORING GAUSS-SIDEL 15 Loops
VA VB VC
DIST CONVERGENCY (DDB 345)
FAST ALGO RITHM
Distance Convergency IA IB IC
DIST START N (DDB 354)
CLASS. ALGORITHM I Phase selection Ω Phase selection
S = ( ∆ Va * ∆ Ia + ...)
MEMORY VOLTAGE
DIST FWD
&
DIST REV
DIST FWD NO FILT (DDB 343)
DIRECTIO NAL
Fault Detection
&
DIST REV NO FILT (DDB344)
CLASS. ALGORITH. Phase(Vmemory, I+ K0Ir)
&
Pulse TrevG DIST REV GUARD (DDB 270)
∆ V,∆ I PREDICTIVES VALUES AND DELTA Gp(t) = 2G(t-T)-G(t-2T)
Delta detected
FAST ALGORITHM 12 mono loops using K0*Ir 3 biphase quantities loops
IMPEDANCE CALCULATION FOR MEASUREMENTS CLASS. ALGORITHM 15 loops using phase/ biphase quantities
Start All Timers
Z1NOT FILTERED (DD349) Z1X
ZONE CONVERGENCY CRITERIA
Z2 ZP Z3
∆ X,∆ R
Z4
T1(DDB 261) T2 (DDB 262) TZP (DDB265) T3 (DDB 263) T4 (DDB 264) Tp (Transmission time)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
* As to be combinated respectively with Weak Infeed start A, B, C
144
45
Distance Protection Algorithms Adaptable Distance Zones
All zones have individually adjustable (Z, RPh, RG, kZ0 Residual Compensation amplitude and angle) This is an advantage for hybrid lines (overhead to cable) and transformer protection as P440 more accurately models the line Quadrilateral distance zones set to give good fault arc resistive coverage whilst avoiding load Four alternative setting groups available to suit switched feeding arrangements
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
145
46
Exact adaptation of Z1 setting to Z0 angle of the protected section
Distance Protection Algorithms Adaptable Distance Zones
Hybrid Line: Cable / Overhead line
Gas Isolated Substation Z1A= 1,2 ZC
Z0C < θC
θ
Overhead Substation
Z0L < θL
Z1B= 1,2 ZL
C
θ K0 = (Z0 – Zd)/3Zd = K0r + jK0x
C
K0r = (Rd*(R0-Rd)+Xd*(X0-Xd))/(3*(Rd²+Xd²)) K0x = (Rd*(X0-Xd)-Xd*(R0-Rd))/(3*(Rd²+Xd²)) > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
146
47
Protection de Distance Caractéristique en Forme de Parallélogramme Résistance de couverture par zone utilisée dans le cas d’une protection de ligne courte: R/X = 10 Limites de caractéristique en RBi et Rmono (possibilité de Limite Détection Bande de Pompage
recouvrir la zone de charge Boucles Bi
Limite Mise en Route des boucles monos
X Z3 Rbi
R
Mono R
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Zone de Charge
147
48
Channel Aided Distance MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
148
49
Channel Aided Distance Schemes P440 Pilot Logic Schemes (21P, 21G) Direct Intertrip (using PSL) Blocking (BOP) Permissive Underreach (PUP) Permissive Overreach (POP) POP with weak infeed logic
POP with weak infeed logic, and weak infeed trip Unblocking on Loss of Guard in FSK Power Line Carrier Schemes Unblocking on Loss of Carrier in Non-PLC Schemes
On Channel Fail: LOL or Z1X
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
149
50
Channel Aided Distance Schemes Distance Protection: Basic Scheme T3A T2A T1A
CB CB
CB PA
Z2B=1.2 ZL T3B
ZL T2B
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Z2A=1.2 ZL
ZL
Z1A=0.8 ZL
CB
PB Z1B=0.8 ZL
T1B
Sequence 1
150
51
Channel Aided Distance Schemes
Distance Protection: Fault in Z1 T3A T2A T1A ZL
Z1A=0.8 ZL
CB
CB
T1A Z2B=1.2 ZL
ZL
CB
PA Z1B=0.8 ZL
PB
Z2A=1.2 ZL
CB
T1B
T1B
T2B T3B
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Sequence 2 151
52
Channel Aided Distance Schemes
Distance Protection: Internal fault in Z2 T3A T2A T1A ZL
Z1A=0.8 ZL
CB
CB T2A
Z2B=1.2 ZL
(delayed)
ZL
CB PA Z1B=0.8 ZL
PB
Z2A=1.2 ZL
CB
T1B
T1B
T2B
Sequence 3
T3B
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
152
53
Channel Aided Distance Schemes Distance Protection: External fault in Z2 (Beyond relay C) T3A T2A T1A Z
Z1A=0.8 ZL
CB
CB
CB PA
Z2B=1.2 ZL
ZL T2B
T3B
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Z1B=0.8 ZL
PB T1B
Z2A=1.2 ZL
L
CB T1C
PC T1C T2C
Sequence 4 153
54
Channel Aided Distance Schemes Channel Aided Permissive Underreach scheme (PUP) T3A T2A T1A
Aided tripping ZL Z1A=0.8 ZL
Z2A=1.2 ZL
Send = Z1B CB
CB
>T1A Z2B=1.2 ZL
ZL
CB PA
PB
T1B
CB PC
Z1B=0.8 ZL T 1B
T2B T3B > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
154
55
Channel Aided Distance Schemes Channel Aided Permissive Overreach Zone1 (POP Z1) T2A T1A Z L
Send = Z1A
CB
T1A T2B Z1B=1,2 ZL
Send = Z1B
CB PA
Z1A=1,2 ZL
CB PB
T1B
CB PC
ZL
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
T1B
155
56
Channel Aided Distance Schemes Channel Aided Permissive Overreach Zone 2 (POP Z2) T2A T1A ZL
Z2A=1.2 ZL
Send = Z2A
CB
CB T1A
Z2B=1.2 ZL
Send = Z2B PA
ZL
CB PB
CB
T1B
T2B T1B
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
156
57
Channel Aided Distance Schemes
Channel Aided Blocking Overreach Zone 2 (BOP Z2)
T3A T2A
T1A Z1A=0.8 ZL
Forward Z2 Send Z4B
ZL Reverse B
Z2A=1.2 ZL
(Blocking signal) CB
CB
CB
PA Z2B=1.2 ZL
ZL
T2B
PB Z1B=0.8 ZL
T1C
T1B
T1C T2C
T3B
Sequence 1: External Fault in Z2A > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
CB
TZ4B 157
58
Channel Aided Distance Schemes
Channel Aided Blocking Overreach Zone 2 (BOP Z2)
T3A T2A
T1A Forward Z2
Z
Z1A=0.8 ZL
Z2A=1.2 ZL
L
Blocking signal CB
CB
CB
PA Tp>T1A Z2B=1.2 ZL
Z1B=0.8 ZL
ZL
PB
CB
T1B
T1B
T2B T3B > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Sequence 2: Internal fault in Z2A 158
59
Weak Infeed Mode or PAP (RTE application) MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
159
60
Weak Infeed Mode
P
E
A
P
A
IR
I’
B
R I#0
Weak source
EB
VAN = ZL x D x (IA + kO x IR) + RFault x (I’R + IR) with I’R > IR , ZL x D and RFault high values Single or three pole tripping Phase selection using U< Check of CB position or Line open condition
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
160
61
Protection of T line (RTE application)
Implantation of T line (passive antenna) in conformity with RTE specifications Single and Three-phase trip Phase selection by voltmetric balances
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
161
62
Protection of T line (RTE application) Composition
(1/2)
Functional decomposition: Measurement and analysis functions
Measurement function (starting from analogical sizes) Analysis function (supplying commissionings) A treatment function:
Channel-aided trip function time delayed trip function Presence of residual current function
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
162
63
Protection of T line (RTE application) Composition
(2/2)
Inputs sizes: From the process (HT/THT network)
Three phase voltages VA, Vb, Vc, Ir Residual curent, Channel-aided trip reception, interlocks.
From the Configuration:
Commissioning/out of service function,
Ir, Thresholds commissioning voltage.
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
163
64
Protection of T line (RTE application) Measurement Function => Gives a phase selection information => Lockout with a distance start
Measurement and Analysis Function Scheme Start Prot. Distance
Analysis Function
Single Multiple
Note: Residual current pickup is maintained 600ms after dropOff.
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
164
65
Protection of T line (RTE application)
Analysis Function =>Gives a commissioning information (phase or residual current): Mr A, Mr B, Mr C Single or three-phase selection, Ir pickup, Commissioning by Ir
Note: Commissioning residual current is only active if no selection phase is validate and measurement of a residual current.
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
165
66
Protection of T line (RTE application) Analysis Logic Start Prot. Distance
Single
Multiple
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
166
67
Protection of T line (RTE application) Treatment
(1/6)
Channel-aided trip: (IHM commissioning/out of service) Goal: Allow a quick elimination of faults from TAC reception Action on the process: Single or Three-phase trip (according to selection phase) with logic information reception. «Channel-aided trip» coming from the other limit. Auto-Recloser launching Note : TAC reception is memorised 650 ms
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
167
68
Protection of T line (RTE application) Treatment
(2/6)
Logic channel-aided trip: Channel-aided trip O N Teledec Cmd Channel-aided trip cmd Teledec Multiple Poly
A Channel-aided trip Teledec A
Mr A
Multiple Poly
B Channel-aided trip Teledec B
Mr B
Multiple Poly
Mr C
MrIr Autoris_Ir Lr Authorization > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
C Channel-aided trip Teledec C
Teledec Ir lr Channel-aided trip
168
69
Protection of T line (RTE application) Treatment
(3/6)
Time delayed trip: (IHM commissioning/out of service) Goal: Allow faults elimination in a time delayed way when channel-aided trip is not possible Action on the process: Time delayed trip (settable time delay) Auto-Recloser launching
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
169
70
Protection of T line (RTE application) Treatment
(4/6)
Specific parameters: Time delayed trip (Tm & Tt) Single trip authorization (P1) DEC possible confirmation of single on lr presence (P2) Inhibition of three-phase trip (except selection phase informations) (P3)
Time delayed trip blocking conditions: PAP External active time delayed interlock (TS) Logic input « no breakdown transmission » active (TS) Fuse failure line pickup (internal or external), except if lr presence
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
170
71
Protection of T line (RTE application) Treatment
(5/6)
Logic function « Time delayed trip »: PAP time-delay TS interlock TS ’s transmission breakdown abscence Detection line fusion fuse
Time delayed trip under-function
Single Multiple EN/HS Time delayed trip A Time delayed trip B Time delayed trip C Time delayed trip
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
171
72
Protection of T line (RTE application) Treatment
(6/6)
Residual current presence: Goal: Signal presence of a residual current beyond a 10 seconds fixed duration. Action of the process: Indication (TC)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
172
73
Protection of T line (RTE application) PAP and Auto-recloser Teledec A Channel-aided tripA
(1/4) Dec A PAPPAP A Trip
DecTemp A Time delayed trip A B Channel-aided trip B Teledec
PAPPAP B Trip Dec B
DecTemp B Time delayed trip B Teledec C Channel-aided tripC
PAPPAP C Trip Dec C
C C TimeDecTemp delayed trip
Verrouille ARS ARS Interlock DjDJ Closed fermÈ
Discordance Out of dePole pÙle
0 50
Note: The auto-recloser start on a channel-aided trip or a time delayed trip.
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
173
74
Protection of T line (RTE application) PAP and Auto-recloser: associated inputs/outputs
(2/4)
Specific logic inputs (5): Channel-aided trip reception (1),
=>
Channel-aided trip
External interlock
=>
Only interlock time delayed trip
No fault channel-aided trip link (2)
=>
Usually always at 1
Breaker closed (3) Out of pole (3)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
174
75
Protection of T line (RTE application) PAP and auto-recloser: associated inputs/outputs
(3/4)
Note (1): independant inputs or not the one of main protection (no confirmation) Note (2) : coming from the process or from the other limit (no confirmation) Note (3) : not used inputs in V1E version Trip outputs (specific): DEC PAP A, DEC PAP B, DEC PAP C (DEC Px A, B, C more informations)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
175
76
Protection of T line (RTE application) PAP and Auto-recloser: associated inputs/outputs
(4/4)
Specific output indications: Selector operation (PAP starting) Supply on residual current (PAP) Trip lr supply on residual current PAP A, B, C Trip
Non specific output indications: Phase selection A, B, C, Three or single fault Auto-recloser interlock, Fault equipment.
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
176
77
Protection of T line (RTE application) Micom S1 settings = WinEPAC Page (p1/3)
Delayed one pole Trip
Trip allowed
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
177
78
Protection of T line (RTE application) Page P44x IHM MiCOM S1-settings (p2/3)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
178
79
Protection of T line (RTE application) Page P44x IHM MiCOM S1- PSL settings (In/out) - (p3/3)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
179
80
Extended Zone MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
180
81
Zone 1 Extended
Zone 1 Extended
DJ1
A
DJ2
B
Zone 1
DJ1
A
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
DJ2
B
181
82
Acceleration Phase by Opening Opposite limit Operate for three- phase trip Operate only for single, phase-to-phase or phase-to-phase-toground faults Require a preliminary load current Principle: The fault located beyond 80% of the line is instantaneously tripping by the remote end distance relay (fault detected in zone 1) After 3 phase opening of the remote CB, there is no more any load current on the healthy phase(s) Presence of faulty current + above condition= Loss of load condition - zone 2 tripping accelarated
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
182
83
Loss of load Logic
T2 Z1
Z2
T1 CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
183
84
Loss of load Logic Z2 tripping accelarated after remote CB opening Z2 T1 CB
I=0
CB
CB
I=0
CB
CB
I≠0
CB
DJA
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
DJB
184
85
Switch on to Fault & Trip on Reclose MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
185
86
Switch on to Fault (SOTF) (1)
X X X
Fast tripping for faults on line energisation, even where line VTs provide no prefault voltage memory In service for 500ms following CB Closure (Input)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
186
87
Switch on to Fault (SOTF) (2)
Fast tripping using: I>3 overcurrent protection or Level detector or Distance protection (zone operation settable Z1, Z2, Zp, Z3 or Z< starting) with supervision by Inrush Current Detection Fastest operating time:
10 ms (I>3)
20 ms (Z MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
187
88
Trip On Reclose (TOR) (3)
As SOTF: Except if:
Zone 1 extension, or
Channel Aided Distance (directional comparison)
Differentiation between 3 pole TOR and SOTF can made using a settable line open time delay.
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
188
89
Fault on Reclose (SOTF/TOR logic) (4) S1 Settings:
TOR Settings:
SOTF Settings: > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
189
90
Fault on Reclose (SOTF/TOR logic) (5) TOR-SOTF Logic Scheme (starting)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
190
91
Fault on Reclose (SOTF/TOR logic) (6)
TOR-SOTF Logic scheme (Trip)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
191
92
Parallel Lines MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
192
93
Parallel Lines Current Reversal Guard Z4
Z2
Z1
Z2
Z2
Z4
Z2 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
193
94
Parallel Line Differential Algo./Fault location Differential Algorithms for phase selection: AN fault forward
AN fault forward
BN fault reverse
BN fault forward Z1 AN fault Z2 ABN fault
AN
BN
Z1 BN fault
Z2 ABN fault
Extra CT input for mutual compensation (only used for fault location)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
194
95
Radial Line Differential Algorithms Differential Algorithms for phase selection: Z1 ABN fault
ABN
Trip three phase
Z1 BN fault
Trip single phase
BN
if phase-to-phase fault AB SA = Σ∆VA x ∆IA and SB = Σ∆VB x ∆IB if both directional are forward: forward AB fault if both directional are reverse: reverse AB fault if one of both directional is forward: A forward and B reverse = forward AN fault on protected line > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
195
96
Parallel Line Cross Country Fault/Directional Decision
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
196
97
Parallel Line Cross Country Fault/Directional Decision
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
197
98
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
198
99
Distance Protection Algorithms Delta Algorithms
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
199
00
Power Swing Blocking MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
200
01
Power Swing Detection: Stable swing / Out of Step X X
Out Of Step
X lim
Z3
+R R
-R +R -R lim Z4
R lim
Stable swing R
-X lim +R
In the case of a power swing, the apparent impedance first moves into the power swing boundary and later into the start-up characteristic. The speed of entry into the start-up characteristic is slower that in the case of a three-phase fault. In case of out Of Step the loop cross the quad from +R to -R (opposite sign). > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
201
02
Unblocking for Faults During a Power Swing
During a power swing the absence of zero sequence current (no earth fault) and negative sequence current (no phase-to-phase) should be verified (in the event of asymmetry, a FAULT inception is detected with unbalance condition). The power swing current should be smaller than a settable overcurrent threshold (if not, a three-phase FAULT inception is detected). An unblocking timer can be set to remove the power swing block for persistent unrecoverable swinging.
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
202
03
Power Swing Blocking (Power Swing and Fault)
Fault
Power swing
50ms ∆I PSB active
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
PSB removed
203
04
Power Swing Blocking (Power Swing and Fault)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
204
05
Unblocking for Faults During a Power Swing Fault Inception
Continuous ∆I During Swing
Minimal ∆I Present
P441/2/4 trips for all faults occurring during a power swing. The power swing block is removed instantly for an unbalanced fault, on reselection by the phase selectors. In the unlikely event of a 3 phase fault, a step change in ∆I resets the block. > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
205
06
Power Swing Detection
∆R = 1,3 x tan (Π x ∆f x ∆t) x (Rlim² + Z²)/Z With:
∆t = 5ms, ∆f = power swing frequency (typical value 4Hz),
Rlim = R34 resistance reach for zone 3 and 4,
Z = Z3 + Z4.
Typical value ∆R = 5 Ω by IN = 1A ∆R = 1 Ω by IN = 5A
Simplified equation: ∆R = 0.032 x ∆f x Z min Load
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
206
07
Power Swing Detection Out Step Protection S1 Settings:
∆R/∆X Limits
Distance Element unblocking on current presence
Block zone Number of swing cycles
S1-PSL Settings:
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
207
08
Directional /Non Directional Overcurrent - MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
208
09
Directional/Non Directional Phase Overcurrent Protection IEC Curves Operating Time (s) 1000
100
IEC SI IEC VI IEC EI IEC LTS
Four independent stages:
IDMT/DT stages 1 and 2
DT on stages 3 and 4
1 and 2 stages:
10
1
Non directional
Directional forward
Directional reverse
IEC & IEEE IDMT curves 0.1
1 10 100 Current (Multiples of Is) > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
209
10
Directional/Non Directional Phase Overcurrent Protection IEEE Curves Operating Time (s) 100 Standard phase O/C protection:
10
0.08 x In - 4 x In stages 1 and 2
0.08 x In - 32 x In stages 3 and 4
TMS range: 0.025 to 1.2 Time dial: 0.5 to 15 Definite time: 0 to 100s
1
Adjustable reset time for stages 1 and 2 Emergency phase fault O/C on fuse failure (stages 1 and 2)
0.1 1 10 100 Current (Multiples of Is) > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
210
11
Backup Phase Overcurrent Protection 50/51/67 Time I>1
I>2 Z3,tZ3 Z4, tZ4
Zp,tZp Z2,tZ2
Reverse
Z1,tZ1
Forward
Two backup elements, IDMT and/or DT Typical application shown above DT delays can be reduced during VTS pickup, with overcurrent elements mimicking distance zone reaches I>3 used for close-up fault (and SOTF/TOR) > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
211
12
Backup Phase Overcurrent Protection 50/51/67 VC
Threshold detection
VB
VA
A
Direct Calculation IA
>
IB
>
IC
>
B
Direct Calculation >
Direct Calculation Direct Calculation Direct Calculation VCA
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
C
Direct Calculation
VBC
AB
>
IDMT
3P trip
BC CA VAB
212
13
I>4 Element: Stub Bus Protection
Busbar 1 VT
V=0
Protection blocking using VTs
I>0
Open isolator
Stub Bus Protection: I >4
Busbar 2 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
213
14
Negative Sequence Directional Overcurrent - MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
214
15
Back-Up Protection
Negative phase sequence overcurrent Not dependent on voltage dip Responsive to phase-phase or phase-earth faults Directional capability More complex setting calculation
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
215
16
Thermal Overload Detection MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
216
17
Overload Protection (as P540) (1) Overcurrent protection designed for fault conditions Thermal replica provides better protection for overload
Current based
Flexible characteristics
Single or dual time constant Time
Reset facility
Non-volatile
Current MiCOM-P540217 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
217
18
Overload Protection (as P540) (2): Dual τ Characteristic for Transformers Trip time (s) 10000
Single characteristic: τ = 120 mins
1000
Dual characteristic 100
10 1
2
3
4
5
6
Single characteristic: τ = 5 mins
Current (multiple of thermal setting) > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
218
19
Overload Protection (3)
S1Settings:
PSL Cells - Input:
PSL Cells - Output:
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
219
20
Broken Conductor Detection MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
220
21
Broken Conductor Protection
Majority of system faults are a result of short circuits
Easily detectable
Possibility of open circuit faults exist
Difficult to detect with conventional protection
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
221
22
Broken Conductor Detection
Existing detection methods: Combination of under/overcurrent logic Negative phase sequence overcurrent
Consider suitability for all load conditions
P440 uses a ratio technique: I2 is high for open circuit fault condition I1 Load conditions have minimal effect
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
222
23
Earth Protection: - Directional Comparison (DEF) - PW - IN> (4 thresholds)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
223
24
Directional Earth Fault Protection (DEF)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
High resistance ground faults
Instantaneous or time delayed
IEC and IEEE curves
Single or shared signalling channel
224
25
Directional Earth Fault Protection Aided Channel DEF
High resistance ground faults
AIDED DEF: Instantaneous
Parallel main protection to distance Single or three pole tripping Polarisation:
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Zero sequence voltage Negative sequence voltage
225
26
Directional Earth Fault Protection Aided Channel DEF Independent Aided Channels (1/2)
R AB Fault
21
21 Shared signalling channel
67N
67N (21 keep priority on 67N)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
226
27
Directional Earth Fault Protection Aided Channel DEF Independent Aided Channels (2/2)
R AN Fault
21
21 Independent signalling channel 67N
67N (priority 21 = priority 67N)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
227
28
Directional Earth Fault Protection (DEF) MiCOM S1 Settings:
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
228
29
Directional/Non Directional Earth Fault Protection IEC Curves Operating Time (s) 1000
100
IEC SI IEC VI IEC EI IEC LTS
Two independent stages:
IDMT/DT stage 1
DT on stage 2
1 and 2 stages: 10
Non directional
Directional forward
Directional reverse
Polarisation: 1
Zero sequence voltage
Negative sequence voltage
IEC & IEEE IDMT curves 0.1
1 10 100 Current (Multiples of Is) > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
229
30
Directional/Non Directional Earth Fault Protection IEEE Curves Operating Time (s) 100 Standard earth fault 10
0.08 x In - 4 x In stage 1
0.08 x In - 32 x In stage 2
TMS range: 0.025 to 1.2 Time dial: 0.5 to 15 Definite time: 0 to 100s
1
Adjustable reset time for stage 1 Emergency earth fault O/C on fuse failure (stage 1)
0.1 1 10 100 Current (Multiples of Is)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
230
31
Directional/Non Directional Earth Fault Protection
Settings MiCOM S1:
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
231
32
PW: Zero Sequence Power Protection The zero sequence power is maximum, at the fault and decrease along the network for being nul at the neutral transformers That protection is delayed by a fixed timer to cover the 1P cycle & by an inverse timer to provide selectivity RTE specifications Vrmax
Vrmin DJ
DJ
DJ
DJ
3Io > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
232
33
PW: Zero Sequence Power Protection
Settings MiCOM S1:
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
233
34
PW: Zero Sequence Power Protection PW Function: Characteristic Idea: detection of
Phase-ground resistives fault - not eliminated by the Distance
Protection Action:
Trip 3P for Fwd resistive fault
Tripping time with inverse curve
Zsp Timer Block
Déclenchement Triphasé
Ir(t)
Ir(t) > Ir
Vr(t)
Sr(t) = Vr(t)*Ir(t)*cos(phi-phi0)
&
Sr(t) > Sr
Tb
Ta > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Zsp Trip
1
Zsp Start 234
35
Distance Protection Algorithms Directional Caracteristics in PW RCA axis +75°
X
Z3
Zp
Forward
Z2 Z1 Z4
Very resistant Fault R
Directional: -15° (since B1.3) > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
235
36
PW: Zero Sequence Power Protection PW Function: Principle (1/4) Calculation of residual Power Sr:
Sr = Vr*Ir*cos(φ - φ0) Vreff, Ireff = rms values of residual voltage & current. Phi = phase shift value between Vr & Ir. Phi0 = 255° (to get a sensibility max at 75°/ fixed line angle).
Trip Logic:
Tbase expiration
Tinv expiration
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
PW Trip
236
37
PW: Zero sequence Power Protection
PW Function: Principle (2/4) Signals associated to trip:
CB trip order
Start Information
Trip « Slow protection» (TC21) » information
Trip Signal (for ADD - CB fail logic)
Start Disturbance
Directionnal Fwd Information
PW Starting
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
237
38
PW: Zero Sequence Power Protection
PW Function: Principle (3/4) Tripping Time:
Tinv (Sr) = (k*Sref)/Sr compensated: With : k = adjust time constant Sref = Compensated Residual Power: 10VA for IN = 1A 50 va for IN + 5A Compensated Sr is a variable compensated residual power calculation
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
238
39
PW: Zero sequence Power Protection Micom S1 settings = WinEPAC Page (p4/4)
S1 / WinEpac
With C2.0 Version > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
239
40
Under / Over Voltage MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
240
41
Voltage Protection Reasons for voltage deviations: Regulation problems Load variation Fault conditions
Requirements of protection depends upon application: Line or phase voltage measurement Operation for all or any phase Suitable time delays Alarm/Trip
P440 under/over voltage elements suitable for all applications > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
241
42
Backup Phase Under-Overvoltage Protection 27 - 59 Sel PhaseA Sel PhaseB Sel PhaseC Threshold detection
VA / VAB
>
VB / VBC
>
VC / VCA
>
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
>
IDMT
242
43
Breaker Failure MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
243
44
Circuit Breaker Failure (50BF)
Backtrip
Two stage Fast reset external initiation Blocking scheme compatible Retrip Trip
Reset By undercurrent By protection tripping By CB aux. contacts
BF INIT From other device
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
244
45
Breaker Failure Protection (50 BF)
50BF
50BF
Busbar 1
50BF
87BB
Busbar 2 Back Trip Order (4) CB Failed (2)
Trip Order (1) Other protection
CB Fail Signal (3)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
50BF
50BF
245
46
Non Protection Functions MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
246
47
MiCOM P440 Non Protection Functions 4 Setting Groups
Autoreclose and Check Synch.
Fault Analysis Tools
Bay Monitoring & Control
Fault Locator
Measurements
Self Diagnostics & Commissioning Tools
CT / VT/CVT Supervision
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Materials Communications
247
48
Setting Groups MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
248
49
Use of Alternative Setting Groups
Spare Line Relay Applications (Transfer Bus)
Setting selection inputs
SCADA or PLC
1 2 3 4 Four groups available > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
249
50
VT/CVT/CT Supervision MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
250
51
VT Supervision (1) A B C 1φ and 2φ logic
3f on load logic
Alarms VTS
3f on energisation logic
Event record Blocking Adaptive setting
MCB digital input
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
251
52
VT Supervision (2)
Loss of all 3 phase voltages under load
P440 ∆I
& Voltage collapse
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
VTS alarm VTS block LCD Event records
252
53
VT Supervision (3)
Loss of all 3 phase voltages upon line energisation (via PSL)
P440 VTS I>Inhibit
& No Voltage
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
VTS alarm VTS block LCD Event records
253
54
CT Supervision A B C
Alarms Blocking IO & VO
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
T
Event record
254
55
Capacitive Voltage Transformers Supervision - (CVTS)
CVTS Function
Characteristics Principles MiCOM S1 Since version B1.0 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
255
56
Capacitive Voltage Transformers Supervision (CVTS) Function CVTS: Characteristics Detect internal failure of CVT by using the residual voltage measurement Signaliasation by output contact «TCT anomaly» TCT activation function
Vr
Vr > Vr Threshold
Threshold Vr 0
tTCT TCT Anomaly
Va
Uab > 0.8*Un
Vb Uab < 0.4*Un Vc Voltage control
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
256
57
Capacitive Voltage Transformers Supervision (CVTS) CVTS Function: Principle (1/1) Monitoring of Vr threshold pickup (settabled) Monitoring of P/P U AB voltage (with hysteresis) fixed:
Set: 80% Un
Reset: 40% Un
Signal of
delayed alarm CVTS (settabled from 0 to 5mn, by step of
30s) TCT Supervision Fault
TCT Anomaly indication
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
257
58
Capacitive Voltage Transformers Supervision (CVTS) Function CVT: Page MiCOM S1/WinEPAC
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
258
59
Supervision: VTS & CTS & CVT Settings MiCOM S1:
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
259
60
Fault Locator MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
260
61
Distance to Fault Locator With Mutual Current Compensation
16%
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
3.8Ω 16km
10miles 261
62
Autoreclose and Check Synchronism MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
262
63
Integrated Autorecloser with Voltage Control
Up to 4 cycles of reclosing: First fast cycle can be single phase (P442 - P444) 3 time delayed cycles
Starting selection elements/autorecloser interlock
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
263
64
Integrated Autorecloser with Voltage Control Voltage control function allows: Autoreclose on live line / live bar Autoreclose on dead line / live line Autorecloser on live line / dead bar Safety checking prior to manual close authorisation (remote or local) PSL dedicated to increase the wait window to close conditions
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
264
65
CB Control & Monitoring MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
265
66
Supervision
Trip circuit supervision CB state CB supervision
Number of trip Sum Ix, 1.0 < x < 2.0 Operation time
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
266
67
Control of Bay
Circuit breaker control Multiple settings groups (4) Programmable scheme logic
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
267
68
A User’s View - Interface MiCOM P440 Programmable Scheme Logic Settings - Distance Com...
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
268
69
MiCOM S1 (P20-P30-P40) Setting Software MiCOM S1 V2
Edition/Modification of settings and text in the protection Edition/Modification of logic schemes Extraction of event log records Supervision Extraction of disturbance records Analysis of those records
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
269
70
Menu System
Three-phase voltage
Frequency System
Alarm messages
C
Date & Time
C
Column 1 Data System
Column 2 Visu. Record.
Language
Select.Event
Password Niv.2
Reset Indication
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Other title of columns
Group 4 Column n Prot. Distance
Line
Argument. of kZm
270
71
Interface HMI PSL (Programmable Scheme Logic) MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
271
72
Programmable Scheme Logic (Introduction)
Relay contacts
Opto Gate Logic Protection elements Timers Fixed scheme logic
LED’s User programmable scheme logic
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
272
73
Programmable Scheme Logic (1/9)
In
Gate Logic
Out
Protection elements Timers Fixed scheme logic
Programmable Scheme Logic > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
273
74
Programmable Scheme Logic (PSL) (2 /9) Possible Choice with S1(hysteresis & filtering):
TOR opto-isolated input selected from the list > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
274
75
Programmable Scheme Logic (PSL) (3 /9)
TOR opto-isolated input added to an internal DDB of the relay and selected in the list > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
275
76
Programmable Scheme Logic (PSL) (4 /9) One more timer
Link throught: Led - Output relay
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
276
77
Programmable Scheme Logic (PSL) (5 /9) Different options by element:
Different options by PSL:
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
277
78
Programmable Scheme Logic (PSL) (6 /9)
Up to 256 gates Logic Functions
Gate OR
Gate AND
Reversers
Timers
Peer to peer com: InterMicom Goose Control Input... > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
278
79
Programmable Scheme Logic (PSL) (7 /9)
+
Trip Circuit Supervision
Trip
P440 52 b
52 a
CB coil
Alarm
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
279
80
Trip Circuit Monitoring Using Programmable Scheme Logic (8/9)
Customisation 256 gates 8 timers Feedback
Default schemes Validity checks Event driven
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
280
81
Blocked Distance Protection Using Programmable Scheme Logic (9/9) Incomer Block Z1 element Established technique providing: Improved BB fault clearance times
In order to facilitate this function, P440 provides: Directional start signals (Directional Comparison Scheme)
Feeder 1 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Feeder 2
Feeder 3 281
82
HMI Interface MiCOM P440 Measurements (Monitoring)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
282
83
Measurements MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
283
84
MiCOM S1 V2
MiCOM Support Software
Programming (set & PSL) of relays Extraction of information from relays Assists with commissioning (fault record, event,monitor control) Supports analysis of power system disturbances (comtrade format) Compatible with existing products using the Courier language
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
284
85
MiCOM Support Software
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
285
86
Measurements (1) Possibility to extend measurement To remove subsidiary instrumentations Reduces wiring and space Assists with commissioning Analysis of power system
10 A > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
286
87
Measurements (2)
Instantaneous Measurements: Phase to phase voltage and single phase voltage Residual voltage (3Vo) Residual and current phase Positive , negative and zero sequence current and voltage Frequency Active, reactive and apparent power Active and reactive energy Check Sync Voltage Zero-phase-sequence current of parallel line (used for the mutual compensation) Possibility to print a report
IA Amplitude 980.2A
Integrated Values: Peak, average & Rolling demand: Ia Ib Ic W VAr Wh VArh
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
287
88
HMI Interface Events - Disturbance Records MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
288
89
Diagnostic’s Help MiCOM P440 Event record
Fault record
Disturbance Recorder
ZGraph > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
289
90
Diagnostic’s Aid
Complete fault display report Time tag at 1ms Recording criterions choice Non-volatile backup memory Easy access via User ’s interface
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Event log Fault report Disturbance records Fault locator Trace
290
91
Event Log Events:
Fault report:
250 records (500)
5 last faults
Non-volatile memory
Non-volatile memory
Start A
10ms
Fault record I1>
10ms
V<
15ms
Trip ABC
15ms
CB52 Open
60ms
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
291
92
Disturbance Records
8 Analogue channels 32 Digital channels Configurable record criterion Variable trigger point 24 Samples per cycle (no compression) 28 Records (3sec each) Record duration of 10.5s Non-volatile memory Pre-fault
Post-fault
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Extended recording time MiCOM S1 saves file in the COMTRADE format
292
93
Self-Diagnostics & Commissioning MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
293
94
Self Diagnostics & Commissioning
Event driven maintenance Improved availability
Commissioning available to user
Inputs
Power-on diagnostics
Outputs
Continual self-monitoring
Internal states
Measurements
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
294
95
Communications MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
295
96
Local Communications
Settings Records Control Measurements Commissioning Maintenance Menu text
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
296
97
Remote Communications MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
297
98
Remote Communications Courier (front/rear1/2nd rear) IEC60870-5-103 DNP3.0 MODBUS UCA2.0 IEC61 850 -8-1(Soon)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Digital Control Systems
298
99
Selection of Hardware Options
Available as a prototype (n units MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
299
00
Selection of Hardware Options
Hardware modification to integrate Ethernet (UCA2 and IEC61850) > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
300
01
Selection of Hardware Options
Hardware modification to integrate Ethernet (UCA2 and IEC61850) > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
301
02
Ethernet Interface (P*40)
Fibre/copper ports available 10MHz/100MHz options for fibre Indication of Link and activity MAC address is unique hardware address of card Used by UCA2 and IEC61850
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
302
03
Typical Example Showing Use of Two Rear Comm. Ports
Modem
CK222 RS232
MiCOM S1 software Multiple rear ports Com 1
Com 2
RS232 Front port connection
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
CENTRAL PROCESSOR
RS232 Modem
POWER SUPPLY
R.T.U.
RS485 CK222 RS485
CK222 not needed where either MODEM or RTU accept RS485 directly 303
04
UCA/IEC61850 NCIT
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
304
05
Future Trend Technical Services
7 Station Level 9
Function B
Function A
61850-8-1
1
6
1
6
Bay Level
Bay Level 3 Protection 4
8 Control
5
HV Equipment > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
61850-9-2 61850-8-1 61850-9-1
3 Protection 4
Control 5
HV Equipment 305
06
IEC61850 Compliance Levels - Comm. Protocols Strategy for Protection Range
IEC61850 Full IEC61850 Extended
P30/P40: Ethernet board is already available (UCA2 protocol implemented for NiCAP project)
IEC61850 Basic GOOSE I/O
IEC61850 Basic: Available TIME SYNC
DATA EVENTS REPORTS
METERING Real Time Values
DISTURBANCE RECORDING
COMMANDS One Box Solutions
IEC61850 Extended: End 2005 ... IEC61850 Full: TBD
Remote setting can be done either over Ethernet or via 2nd rear port P44x: Sept 2005
SETTINGS
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
306
07
Data Model Processing
TCP/IP Ethernet
High-Level Procedures IEC60870-5-103 Courier Modbus DNP3 RS232 / RS485 / ... P20/30/40 Settings File
P20/30/40 Data Models
IEC61850 / Ethernet based Rear Port Communication
MiCOM S1 Based on IEC61850
MiCOM S1
IEC103/Modbus/Courier based Front & Rear Port Communication
S&R-xxx joins Ethernet / IEC61850 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
307
08
CIGRE Demo
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
308
09
MU-IEDs Typical Architecture MU-BB VT1
MU-BB VT2 MU-Main 1
(80 or 256 s/cycle)
Distance P44X CS/AR/Backup Busbar BF
MU-Main 2
(80 or 256 s/cycle)
Line Diff P54X
MU-MQ
(80 or 256 s/cycle)
PQM TFR M87x
P742/3
Redundancy > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
309
10
IEC61850 Identified customers with a strong IEC 61850 preference (part of their specifications) once the standard is available (end 2003):
ESKOM Hydro-Quebec AEP TERNA
ELIA
RTE
NGT
ISA
Vattenfall
EVN
RWE
IECo
SIG
PowerGrid (India)
TENNET
Volkswagen
SHELL
etc…
SOLVAY SONELGAZ
Transmission & large industries, first in Europe but expanding to Rest Of the World Windfarm to come through IEC 61400 (IEC 61850 derivative: new objects)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
310
11
IsThere a Need for Inter-operability Inside of a Substation ? Non exhaustive list of existing examples includes: Use of different protection manufacturers for a feeder protection (security) Re-use of existing or qualified relay (line differential) Use of an imposed HMI
The current practice is to use the following protocols IEC 60870-5-101/103/104, DNP3, OPC
IEC 61850 could provide further benefits Peer-to-peer (automation) XML exchanges (configuration)
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
311
12
What are the Advantages to Use IEC 61850 Instead of Existing Technologies ? Customer Requirements: Reduced installation costs Reduced configuration costs Reduced maintenance costs Improved functionality/network reliability Reduced effects of substation transients on protection and control applications Adaptive applications
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
312
13
What are the Advantages to Use IEC 61850 Instead of Existing Technologies ? Solutions: Communications based interface between the sensors and the IEDs No hard wires - fiber only Self-description of the IEDs Distributed peer-to-peer communications of state changes Distributed peer-to-peer communications of analog and sampled values
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
313
14
InterMiCOM
(17pages) > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
314
15
InterMiCOM Predecessor
LFZP141
Generat or Protecti on
SETTING GROUP FAULTNo
A
B
F ED CB A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 AUX TIMER
C
AUX 1 AUX 2 AUX 3
* -* --*
ALARM
F
HEALTHY
+
LFCB, PQ741 and MiCOM P540 Current Differential • Use of intertrip and PIT commands between line ends
TRIP
0 RESET
K-Series Overcurrent • Proven logic interconnection schemes between adjacent relays
InterMiCOM HSDI Digital Intertripping • CRC-8 polynomial for optimum security MODULEX MX3 Line • In-service inter-relay schemes using LONWORKS > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
315
16
InterMiCOM? What is InterMiCOM?
Tx
01100011
Rx
Rx
01001100
Tx
Px40/Px30
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
Px40/Px30
316
17
InterMiCOM InterMiCOM on Distance Protection Devices P430 (Example)
Digital communication link for the transmission of protective signals > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
317
18
InterMiCOM Key Features “Point to point” transmission of 8 digital signals User independently settable signals Common message format across 30 and 40 series High security and fast operating time Testing facilities Channel statistic
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
318
19
InterMiCOM Main Benefits To respond to increased market requirements for better relay interconnections that enhance applications To speed up the transfer of commands at high security To reduce wiring and auxiliary equipment To provide less dependency on power line carrier communications channels To ease an integration of other relays into MiCOM schemes
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
319
20
InterMiCOM Possible InterMiCOM connections between 40 series relays Via modem (opto links or telephone lines or VF or wireless Microwave link) RS232
8 signals MODEM
MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
331
32
Conclusion MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
332
33
P440 Summary
Versatile distance relay for all MV→EHV applications Extremely secure - Delta techniques, for fault detection, directionality and phase selection Overhead line and/or cable applications Full complement of distance and DEF schemes Menu-driven software for setting and analysis Comprehensive back up protection Integrated four shot autoreclosure with check synch
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
333
34
Summary of P440 Functions
21G Ground distance protection, 3 forward elements, 1 reverse element, 1 selectable element, quadrilateral zones. 21P Phase distance protection, 3 forward elements, 1 reverse element, 1 selectabe element, quadrilateral zones. 85 Channel-aided protection. 50 Phase overcurrent, High set, for Stub bus application. 67/46 Negative sequence overcurrent 49
50/27 Switch onto fault and trip on reclose 50/51 Phase overcurrent, DT or IDMT
50/51N
Ground overcurrent, DT or IDMT 51FF Fuse failure overcurrent 67 Phase directional overcurrent 67N DEF, communication aided 32N Power swing detection, used to selectively permit or block tripping
68
Power swing blocking Out of step tripping (using PSL) VTS Voltage transformer supervision CVTS Capacitive Voltage transformer supervision
CTS Current transformer supervision
50BF 46BC 25 79 59,27
Circuit Breaker failure Broken conductor detection Check synchroniser Autorecloser Overvoltage/Undervoltage
Thermal Protection - overload > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
334
35
Our Answers to Your Requirements MiCOM P440
> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
335
36
Personalised Protection
Your Requirements Reliable protection scheme Adaptable to specific network substation design
Our Answers Comprehensive integral protection functions Standard logic schemes can be selected Powerful diagram based programmable scheme logic Large range of signal selections 3 Models (input/output)
MiCOM: The Essential Link - Strength & Flexibility > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
336
37
Network Reliability Your Requirements
Our Answers Integral 4 shot autoreclose
Maximum continuity of supply Immediate alarms Load avoidance
with synchronism check Switch on to fault Minimise damage Continuous self check Watchdog contacts Alarms via communication
system Power swing blocking/tripping Quadrilateral characteristic MiCOM: The Essential Link - Strength & Flexibility > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
337
38
Staff
Your Requirements
Our Answers
Fast training
Standard MiCOM range user interface (know 1, know all) Standard MiCOM software support S1, S10 Standardized documentation Combination of L range style front panel & K range menu structure
High competence Familiar & easy interface
MiCOM: The Essential Link - Strength & Flexibility > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
338
39
System Management
Your Requirements
Our Answers
Circuit breaker control
Fault diagnosis System monitoring
CB fail system Local or remote CB control 250 event records 20 x 10.5 second disturbance records Fault locator CB monitoring
Number of operations Operating time Operation duty
MiCOM: The Essential Link - Strength & Flexibility > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Total Feeder Protection
Your Requirements
Our Answers
Forward & reverse detection Sensitive fault detection Back up protection Primary plant failures CB - VT - CT
Distance Under & Over voltage DEF, Sensitive DEF - Positive & zero sequence polarising Directional negative sequence overcurrent 5 zone characteristic Weak infeed scheme Circuit breaker fail CT/VT supervision
MiCOM: The Essential Link - Strength & Flexibility > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Relevant Information Available/Understandable Your Requirements
Our Answers
Your own language
Your own text Indications relevant to the substation
Language selection Customised text facility Assignable LED Assignable outputs Programmable logic for LEDs & outputs Windows & graphical user interface
S1, S10 PSL Editor
MiCOM: The Essential Link - Strength & Flexibility > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Availability of Information Your Requirements
Our Answers
On Line measurements MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Logistics
Your Requirements Minimum stock
Our Answers Compact size 8 case or enhanced size 12 or 16
Minimum panel space Suitable to all substation
Dual CT ratings or IEC 60044-8 fibre optic input for NCIT 3 voltage ranges Internal field voltage
MiCOM: The Essential Link - Strength & Flexibility > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Reliable Operation Your Requirements
Our Answers
Proven performance
>10 years experience of algorithm Used from MV to EHV networks Multiple kZo residual compensation factors Stub bus protection 4 setting groups Hybrid line facility High performance delta algorithm (patented)
All networks Adaptive configuration
Starting Phase selection Directional decision
MiCOM: The Essential Link - Strength & Flexibility > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005
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Bye !
François Lhomme 22.02.2005
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