Arc de Triomphe

 

ARC DE TRIOMPHE

Arc De Triomphe

 

History •

The Arc is located on the right bank of the Seine at the centre of a dodecagonal configuration of twelve radiating avenues. It was commissioned in 1806 after the victory at Austerlitzby Emperor Napoleon at the peak of his fortunes. Laying the foundations alone took two years and, in 1810, when Napoleon entered Paris from the west with his bride ArchduchessMarie-Louise of Austria, he had a wooden mock-up of the completed arch constructed. The architect, Jean Chalgrin, died in 1811 and the work was taken over by Jean-Nicolas Huyot. During the Bourbon Restoration, construction was halted and it would not be completed until the reign of King Louis-Philippe, between 1833 and 1836, by the architects Goust, then Huyot, under the direction of Héricart de Thury. Prior to burial in the Panthéon, the body of Victor Hugo was exposed under the Arc during the night of 22 May 1885.

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the Arc de Triomphe became the rallying point of French troops parading after successful military campaigns and for the annual Bastille Day Military Parade. Famous Famous victory marches around or under the Arc in 1871,States the French in stamp 1919, the Germans inthe 1940, the French andhave Alliesincluded in 1944the andGermans 1945. A United postage of 1945 shows Arcand de Triomphe in the background as victorious American troops march down the ARCH. After the interment of the Unknown Soldier, however, all military parades (including the aforementioned post-1919) have avoided marching through the actual arch. The route taken is up to the arch and then around its side, out of respect for the tomb and its symbolism. Both Hitler in 1940 and de Gaulle in 1944 observed this custom.

 

Architect Jean Chalgrin •

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His neoclassic orientation was established from his early studies with the prophet of neoclassicism Giovanni Niccolò the radical classicist Étienne-Louis Boullée in Paris andServandoni through hisand Prixwith de Rome sojourn (November 1759 – 1759 – May 1763) as a pensionnaire of the French Academy in Rome. His time in Rome coincided with a fervent new interest in Classicism among the young French pensionnaires, under the influences of Piranesito and the he p ublications publications ofgiven Winckelmann. Returning Paris, was quickly an appointment as an inspector of public works for the city of Paris, under the architect Pierre-Louis Moreau, whose own time at the th e French Academy in Rome had predisposed him to the new style. Chalgrin was able to design the neoclassical gatew gateway ay to the cour d'honneur. In 1764 he presented neoclassical plans for for the Church of St. Philippe-duP hilippe-duRoule ; its colossal Ionic order of co columns, lumns, which separa separated ted the barr barrelelvaulted nave from the lower lower,, barrel-vaulted aisles, was carried around the apse without aofbreak. revived a basilica plan that hadthe notsixteenth been characteristic FrenchHeecclesiastical architecture since century.

 

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In 1777 Chalgrin partly remodelled the interior of Church of Saint-Sulpice,, which had been given a thoroughly Saint-Sulpice neoclassicall façade by Chalgrin's former master Servandoni neoclassica over forty years before. He also designed the case for the great organ. After the Revolution extended the Collègetodesuit France and made alterationsChalgrin in the Palais du Luxembourg it to its new use as the seat of the Directoire. The Arc de Triomphe was commissioned by Napoleon to commemorate the victorious armies of the Empire. The project was under way when Chalgrin died, and it was completed by Jean-Nicolas Huyot. Chalgrin married Émilie, a daughter of the painter Joseph Vernet. They had one son.

 

Avenues Avenues radiating from the arc de triomphe

 

Design The monument stands 50 metres (164 ft.) in height, 45 m (148 ft) wide and 22 m (72 ft) deep. The large is 29.19 (95.8 vault ft) high and m 14.62 m (48.0 ft) wide. The small vault is 18.68 m (61.3 ft) high and 8.44 m (27.7 ft) wide. Its design was inspired by the Roman Arch of Titus.

 

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The astylar design is by Jean Chalgrin (1739 –  –1811), 1811), in the Neoclassical version of ancient Roman architecture . Major academic sculptors of Franceof arethe Arc de represented in the sculpture Triomphe In the attic above the richly sculptured frieze of soldiers are 30 shields engrav engraved ed with the names of major French victories in the French Revolution and Napoleonic wars. The inside walls of the monument list the names of 660 people, among which are 558 French generals of the First French Empire; The names of those generals killed in battle are underlined.

 

Tomb of unknown soldier •

is one of the most famous monuments in Paris. It stands in the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle. The Arc de Triomphe honours those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and the Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French victories and inscribed on its innergenerals and outer surfaces. Beneath its vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I.

 

In section, Staircase and recently installed lift on either sides will take visitors •

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almost thegallery top-to which the attic. Attic;; a to Attic small contains large models of the arc and tells its story from the time of its construction. Another 46 steps remain to climb in order to reach the top, the terrasse,from where one can enjoy the view of Paris.

 

Museum

 

View from the terrace

 

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