Arbol de Problemas

 

?. Aousos df co drhlodgaagñk

- Qotsioafr co aurghsgdod sh`rf chs fifahs df dffregkodhs prhduahs. - ^rfsgñk df chs porfs: pfrfkfafr o uk lruph h sfr oafpodhs phr hrhs. - Tfkfr fxpfrgfkagos kufvos, pcoafkfros, fehaghkocfs h pfcglrhsos. - Fxprfsor gkdfpfkdfkago y o vfafs bhstcgdod. - ^frshkocgdod eoc gkflrodo. Dfsojusf fehaghkocfs, gkfcfauocfs, y shagocfs. - Dfsahkfkh df su aocgdod df vgdo, ousfkago df prhyfah df vgdo. - Aorfkago df ouhfsteo. ouhfsteo. - Ioco df gkihreoagñk oafrao df chs pfcglrhs dfc ush gkdf`gdh g kdf`gdh df drhlos. - Oe`gfkf dfsiovhro`cf, argsgs ioegcgorfs y iïagc oaafsh, o efkudh, o susokagos quf prhduafk dfpfkdfkago. - Fsaopor dfc dhchr, co fksgñk h co c o irusroagñk. Chs gephrokfs ioahrfs sfÿocodhs, rfihrzodhs phr chs fifahs ioreoahcñlgahs y df hro åkdhcf quf prhduafk cos drhlos aousokfs df dfpfkdfkago, pufdfk boafr o fshs prhduahs oroatvhs poro oclukhs jñvfkfs quf chs fxpfrgefkfk. Cos phsg`cfs prhpgfdodfs ioreoahdgkïegaos ioreoahdgkïegaos df cos drhlos pufdfk sfr, sflúk co drhlo fepcfodo: 

Ocgvgh dfc dhchr df co oksgfdod.

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Dgsegkuagñk df cos gkbg`gaghkfs. g kbg`gaghkfs.

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Qfksoagñk df `gfkfsor.

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Pfcojoagñk y fe`hoegfkh df co ahkagfkago.

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Qfksoagñk df ocgvgh df co iotlo.

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^rhduaagñk df fsodhs fuiñrgahs, fa.

Ahksfaufkagos

?. Dfsojustfs kfurhquåegahs fk fc afrf`rh

Vk fsudgh dgrglgdh phr Yhcmhw fk fc oÿh 0>>1 h`sfrvñ, lroagos o fsudghs df kfurhgeolfk, quf ahk fc ahksueh df drhlos sf prhduafk aoe`ghs kfurhquåegahs y iukaghkocfs pfreokfkfs fk fc afrf`rh df chs odgahs. Fc ahksueh df susokagos psgahoatvos prhvhao co cg`froagñk eosgvo df oclukhs kfurhtroksegshrfs aheh co dhpoegko  h co sfrhthkgko  quf okh o ahrh pcozh aheh o corlh pcozh sufcf fkfr ahksfaufkagos o kgvfc afrf`roc. O kgvfc iukaghkoc oe`gçk pufdfk dorsf prh`cfeos df`gdh

 

oc dfsojusf kfurhquåegah quf sf prhduaf, phr fjfepch fk rfifrfkago o co ehtvoagñk, co efehrgo y fc ahkrhc ahlkgtvh. Odfeïs, aheh ahksfaufkago dfc ahksueh df drhlos, cos sgkopsgs oe`gçk sf vfk ocfrodos. Chs fsudghs sulgfrfk quf, fspfagocefkf fspfagocefkf fk fc aosh dfc lcutoeoth, cos ahkfxghkfs fkrf kfurhkos pufdfk ehdgaorsf. Toe`gçk sf prhduaf pçrdgdo kfurhkoc , doÿh oxhkoc lfkfrocgzodh, prh`cfeos kfurhdflfkfrotvhs, dgsegkuagñk df

prhfåkos ïagdos `rgcorfs lcgocfs y hros ahksfaufkagos ahksfaufkagos quf oifaok dgrfaoefkf oc afrf`rh.

0. Octfroagñk dfc buehr

Cos ocfroaghkfs dfc buehr shk irfaufkfs ahk fc ahksueh df drhlo. Kh shcoefkf o corlh pcozh, sgkh oe`gçk o ahrh pcozh, ch auoc sglkgao quf uko pfrshko pufdf posor df fstor rfcojodo o sfkrsf grrgtodo y olrfsgvo df eokfro euy irfaufkf.

Fsh fs fspfagocefkf dfsoao`cf dfsoao`cf fk cos bhros phsfrghrfs oc ahksueh df drhlos h auokdh fc arovgkl fkf uk fifath eïs prhkukagodh. O corlh pcozh co pfrshkocgdod df euabos

pfrshkos pufdf vfrsf ocfrodo ahk fc ahksueh df susokagos psgahoat psgahoatvos. vos.

1. ^rh`cfeos ioegcgorfs, rfcoaghkocfs y shagocfs

Chs prh`cfeos o kgvfc ioegcgor shk `osokf irfaufkfs gkdfpfkdgfkfefk gkdfpfkdgfkfefkf f dfc tph df drhlos quf sf ahksueok. Acorh fsï quf ahk fc ahksueh df o`oah fs phah prh`o`cf quf uko ioegcgo sf sfporf, pfrh så quf ch fs phr fc ahksueh df ocahbhc u htros drhlos duros aheh co ahaoåko.

Chs prh`cfeos shagocfs oe`gçk pufdfk prfsfkorsf auokdh uko pfrshko fs ahksuegdhro ahksuegdhro bo`guoc df fsos susokagos, pudgfkdh pfrdfr oegstodfs f gkacush fc tro`ojh. Co pfrshko quf ahksuef drhlos pufdf ehsror uko pçrdgdo df gkfrçs fk sus oaghkfs y hros

 

oatvgdodfs iovhrgos. Chs prh`cfeos fahkñegahs fahkñegahs oe`gçk sf oshagok o cos ahkduaos df drhlodgaagñk.

4. Odgaagñk

Co odgaagñk fs uko df cos ahksfaufkagos ahksfaufkagos dfc ahksueh df drhlos, y fs ch quf ccfvo o cos pfrshkos o vhcvfr o ahksuegr fsos susokagos quf prhvhaok uk fifah gkgagocefkf olrodo`cf sh`rf fc sgsfeo kfrvghsh. Cos drhlos oifatok df eokfro khto`cf oc sgstfeo df rfahepfkso afrf`roc, quf fsï gkvhcuarodh fk cos ahkduaos pcoafkfros (phr fjfepch, fc

sfxh) y quf fc afrf`rh sf fkaorlo f kaorlo df quf vhcvoehs o rfpftr df`gdh o su iukagñk df supfrvgvfkago. Fk fc aosh df cos drhlos duros, fso odgaagñk pufdf prhvhaor quf uko pfrshko bolo ch quf fsç fk sus eokhs poro h`fkfr co susokago quf okh qugfrf. phr fjfepch, rh`or h fkfr rfcoaghkfs sfxuocfs phr dgkfrh h phr uko dhsgs.

6. ^rh`cfeos aordghvosaucorfs aordghvosaucorfs

Chs prh`cfeos aordghvosaucorfs aordghvosaucorfs shk bo`guocfs ahk fc ahksueh prhchklodh df co lrok eoyhråo df drhlos, pufs fsos susokagos octfrok fc iukaghkoegfkth khreoc dfc ahrozñk. Egfkros oclukhs iïreoahs prhvhaok prhvhaok uko oatvgdod euy oco df fsf ñrlokh, hros boafk hdh ch ahkrorgh. Fk oe`hs aoshs sf prhduaf uko vorgoagñk df co prfsgñk orfrgoc. O`usor df cos drhlos pufdf ahkduagr o ooqufs aordåoahs, gkifaaghkfs fk chs voshs sokluåkfhs y hrhs prh`cfeos aordghvosaucorfs. aordghvosaucorfs.

9. Dfifaths fk fc fe`orozh

Fc ahksueh df drhlos fk eujfrfs fe`orozodo fe`orozodoss sf bo rfcoaghkodh ahk `f`çs prfeoturhs y su`dfsorrhcco su`dfsorrhccodhs dhs, phrquf fc o`ush df susokagos psgahoatvos dffrghro co socud okh df

co eodrf aheh dfc kgÿh. Chs fsudghs agfkahs eufsrok quf fc o`ush df drhlos phr

 

porf df co eodrf sf rfcoaghkok ahk såkheos df o`stkfkago fk fc `f`ç, dfifahs df koagegfkh, prh`cfeos df oprfkdgzojf y df ahephroegfkh, fkrf hros ahksfaufkagos kflotvos.

>< bhe`rfs, ahk co portagpoagñk df 02 afkrhs df rooegfkh poro drhlhdfpfkdgfkfs rfportdhs fk hdo Fspoÿo. Co eoyhråo df fshs sujfhs bo`åok ahksuegdh ahaoåko df eokfro ogscodo (6>,70%) h `gfk ahe`gkodo ahk ocahbhc (??,?4%) h ahk bfrhåko (2,96%). Fc rfsh df sujfhs ahksuegñ: ocahbhc (?0,64%), bfrhåko (4,7. Ahkduatos okshagocfs

Fc o`ush df drhlos, aheh yo bf dgabh, boaf quf chs ahksuegdhrfs pufdok dfjor df proataor oatvgdodfs df cos quf dgsiruo`ok ahk okfrghrgdod, odfeïs df fkfr prh`cfeos fk fc ro`ojh aheh uk rfkdgegfkh ph`rf fk sus orfos f gkacush su o`okdhkh h su dfspgdh. Fk fc aosh df chs jñvfkfs, fc rfkdgegfkh fk co fsaufco h fc o`okdhkh df çshs fs uko eokgifsoagñk eïs quf fvgdfkf dfc ahksueh df fsf tph df susokagos. Osgegseh, fxgsf uko fstrfabo rfcoagñk fktrf trosthrkh okshagoc y ahksueh df fstos sustokagos oc y aheh ahkacuyf uk fsudgh df Qufcvfs y Qïkabfz-Turf.

Fifaths df co drhlodgaagñk

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Qo Qocud cud:: fc ahksu ahksueh eh df df drhlo drhloss hrglgk hrglgko o h gk gkfr frvgfk vgfkf f fk co opo oporga rgagñk gñk df df dgvfrs dgvfrsos os fkifrefdodfs, doÿhs, pfrjugaghs y prh`cfeos hrlïkgah y psgahcñlgahs. ^hr fjfepch: Bfpotts, Agrrhsgs, Troshrkhs aordghvosau aordghvosauhcorfs, hcorfs, Dfprfsgñk, ^sgahsgs, ^orohkgo, fa.

 

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Qhagoc Qhagoc:: chs odga odgahs hs o drhlos drhlos,, ahk irfa irfaufk ufkago ago sf sf vfk fkvu fkvufc fchs hs fk ol olrfs rfsghk ghkfs, fs, dfshrdfk pú`cgah, ahkgahs roagocfs, eorlgkoagñk,...

1.

Fahkh Fahkheåo eåo:: dodh dodh fc gklfk gklfkf f vhcue vhcuefk fk df dgkf dgkfrh rh quf quf eufvf eufvf fc fc efrao efraodh dh df cos cos drhl drhlos os y fc korahrïah, korahrïah, okh chs ahksuegdhrfs aheh chs poåsfs ahkrofk gephrokfs dfudos= sf arfok `okdos hrlokgzodos= sf prhduaf dfsfso`gcgzoagñk fahkñegao koaghkoc, fa.

  0. ^hsg`cfs shcuaghkfs poro fc prh`cfeo

?. Vko Vko `u `ufk fko o fdua fduaoa oagñ gñk k ioeg ioegcgo cgor. r. Chs Chs pr prhl hlro roeo eoss pr prfv fvfk fktv tvhs hs fk pf pfrs rshk hkos os ah ahk k vuckfro`gcgdod h prh`cfeos fk co fsifro ioegcgor, shk hro våo gephrokf poro ahksflugr rfduagr fc ahksueh df cos dgstkos drhlos, yo quf o eoyhr kúefrh df prh`cfeos, eoyhr prh`o`gcgdod df ahksueh df drhlos. 0. Co gkfrrfcoagñk fkrf fc lruph df gluocfs, ioegcgo y ahcflgh fs iukdoefkoc oe`gçk poro dffaor prh`cfeos. 1. Ihefkor fc hagh y oatvgdodfs rfarfotvos socúdocfs fk kufsrhs odhcfsafkfs. 4. Gkihreor sh`rf co ahkafpagñk quf sf tfkf sh`rf cos dgstkos drhlos gkuyf fk su ahksueh. Fk haosghkfs pufdf bo`fr sfslhs sh`rf chs fifahs df cos susokagos, fk uk sfktdh h fk hrh. ^hr fcch fs df lrok rfcfvokago prhphraghkor gkihreoagñk gkihreoagñk ahrrfao y fkfr sgfeprf prfsfkf quf fc h`jftvh df uko pfrshko fs fkfr cos suagfkfs bo`gcgdodfs poro fkirfkorsf odfauodoefkf odfauodoefkf o su fkhrkh y fkfr uko `ufko odopoagñk fk fc egseh. 6. ^hkfrsf fk ahkoah ahk prhifsghkocfs okf co shspfabo h ahkreoagñk dfc ahksueh, poro vochror co sguoagñk y rfocgzor uko gkfrvfkagñk prfahz

1. Fsahlfkago Fsahlfkago df uko uko df fstos fstos phsg`gcgd phsg`gcgdodfs odfs y jus jusaoag aoagñk ñk df phr quç quç df`f sfr sfr fso co shcuagñk. Ophyh y aheukgaoagñk df co ioegcgo: co ioegcgo fs ahksgdfrodo fc fjf afktroc fk fc prhafsh df dfsorrhcch gkioktgc, yo quf fs fc fkthrkh eïs prñxgeh f gkefdgoth oc kgÿh.  Odfeïs, oatúo aheh aheh efdgodhro oktf fc rfsth df chs fkthrkhs fkthrkhs shagocfs y fduaotgvhs fk chs quf sf dfsfkvufcvf. Fs phr fcch quf, phdfehs oigreor quf co gkicufkago quf fjfraf co ioegcgo fs dhegkoktf fk fc dfsorrhcch pfrshkoc df aodo gkdgvgduh.

4. Auïc sfrï co sgtuoagñk iuturo fspfrodo8 O Orluefktf. rluefktf. Tfkfr ukos `ufkos `osfs y argtfrghs oc ehefkth df theor theor dfagsghkfs 6. Iufktfs df gkihreoagñk poro dfsorrhccor fstf prhyfath.

 

Cos iufktfs quf utgcgzorfehs poro dfsorrhccor fstf prhyfath shk: ^cok df dfsorrhcch dfportoefktoc dfportoefktoc Ygsocud gps 9. _ugçkfs shk chs prgkagpocfs `fkfigagodhs df fstf prhyfath y phr quç8

Chs jñvfkfs (?6-06 oÿhs) y sus ioegcgos yo quf hptorfehs phr `rgkdor gkihreoagñk sh`rf sus aousos, fifaths y phsg`cfs trotoegfkths o co drhlodgaagñk.