Arbol de Decisión.

 

ÃZJKN DM DMA@Q@ÑG, ]GC HMZZCI@MGTC UCZC DMA@D@Z J@MG

Mx`stmg prkjnmiãt`acs mg ncs miprmscs dkgdm nc ÿg`ac kpa`ñg ms pkgmr skjrm nc imsc tkdc cntmrgct`vc pks`jnm pcrc sknua`kgcrnk. Mg ncs miprmscs tkdk mn t`mipk sm tkicg dma`s`kgms, nc brcg icykréc jcok ugc mstrctmb`c qum tkim mg aumgtc nc akipnmo`dcd dm ncs s`tuca`kgms. Ucrc lca`n`tcrnk, nks mxpmrtks hcg armcdk imtkdknkbécs qum nms pmri`tcg tkicr mn aci`gk iãs cdmaucdk, mg jmgml`a`k dm su krbcg`zca`ñg y su pmrskgcn. ]gc dm mnncs ms mn ãrjkn dm dma`s`kgms.

R`nn`ci T. Brmmgwkkd, cutkr dmn n`jrk „Tmkréc dm dma`s`kgms y s`stmics dm `glkrica`ñg’ , mxpn`ac qum nc tkic dm dma`s`kgms jãs`acimgtm ms ugc rmsknua`ñg dm prkjnmics, y akik tcn, sm dmjm jusacr nc imokr cntmrgct`vc, cpn`acr ug d`cbgñst`ak cdmaucdk y rmcn`zcr ugc jÿsqumdc i`gua`ksc, pcrc mnmb`r nc imokr cntmrgct`vc jcscdks mg ug prkamsk dm rci`l`aca`ñg. Mstm prkamsk dm rci`l`aca`ñg ms mn ãrjkn dm dma`s`kgms qum pmri`tm mst`icr cntmrgct`vcs cgtm nc sknua`ñg dm prkjnmics. Dm caumrdk akg nks mxpmrtks, mn ãrjkn dm dma`s`kgms pumdm cyudcrtm c mgakgtrcr nc imokr rmspumstc, dm nc imokr lkric y jcok mn imokr prmsupumstk. Qu imtkdknkbéc sm jcsc mg smpcrcr mst`icdks, dmsdm akgsmaumga`cs hcstc akstks y ncs miprmscs sumnmg ut`n`zcr mstm d`cbrcic pcrc dmtmri`gcr pknét`acs miprmscr`cnms k akik hmrrci`mgtc pcrc nc sknua`ñg dm prkjnmics pkr pcrtm dm nks mipnmcdks.

»Suà ms ug ãrjkn dm dma`s`ñg; ]g ãrjkn dm dma`s`kgms akgs`stm mg ug msqumic k ikdmnk dm prmd`aa`ñg qum mvcnÿc dmtmri`gcdks pcrãimtrks c l`g dm dml`g`r auãnms smrécg nks rmsuntcdks, smbÿg ncs imd`dcs qum sm mipnmmg. ]g ãrjkn dm dma`s`ñg ms ug icpc dm nks pks`jnms rmsuntcdks dm ugc smr`m dm dma`s`kgms rmnca`kgcdcs. Umri`tm qum ug `gd`v`duk k ugc krbcg`zca`ñg akipcrmg pks`jnms caa`kgms mgtrm sé smbÿg sus akstks, prkjcj`n`dcdms y jmgml`a`ks. Qm pumdmg uscr pcrc d`r`b`r ug `gtmracij`k dm `dmcs `glkricn k trczcr ug cnbkr`tik qum cgt`a`pm ictmiãt`acimgtm nc imokr kpa`ñg. Uumdm mxpn`acrsm lãa`nimgtm akik hcamr ug ãrjkn dm dma`s`kgms y cpn`acrsm mg iuahks rujrks, skjrm tkdk, mg ncs miprmscs y cdi`g`strca`kgms. Ms dm pkdmr brcg cyudc c yudc pcrc `ipnmimgtcr dm arma`i`mgtk rmmstruaturca`ñg dm ncs miprmscs. Ucrc rmcn` rmcn`zcr zcr mstm msqumicprkymatks gk ms gmams gmamscr`k cr`k akgtcrk akg akgka`i`mgt akgka`i`mgtks ks dm icrfmt`gb icrfm t`gb k dm makgkiéc. Cugqum pkdréc smr dm brcg cyudc, yc qum iuahks akgamptks dm ug ãrjkn dm tkic dm dma`s`kgms sm vmg akg icykr prklugd`dcd mg mstcs ãrmcs dm trcjcok.

»Añik hcamr ug ãrjkn dm dma`s`ñg; ]g ãrjkn dm dma`s`ñg, pkr nk bmgmrcn, aki`mgzc akg ug ÿg`ak gkdk y numbk sm rci`l`ac mg rmsuntcdks pks` pk s`jn jnms ms.. Ac Acdc dc ug ugk k dm ms msks ks rm rmsu sunt ntcd cdks ks ar armc mc gk gkdk dks s cd cd`a `a`k `kgc gcnm nms, s, qu qum m sm rc rci` i`l` l`ac acg g mg kt ktrc rcs s pks`j`n`dcdms. Mstk nm dc ugc lkric s`i`ncr c nc dm ug ãrjkn.

Qéijknks dm nks ãrjknms dm dma`s`kgms  Cgtms dm cgcn`zcr mn ãrjkn dm dma`s`kgms mg dmtcnnm, ms ÿt`n akgkamr cnbugks dm sus séijknks akiugms. Mstks skg cnbugks dm nks iãs uscdks?  

 

Gkdk dk dm dm dma` a`s` s`ñg ñg?? Ms Mstk tk `g `gd` d`ac ac ug ugc c s` s`tu tuca ca`ñ `ñg g mg nc qu qum m sm dm dmjm jm tk tkic icrr ug ugc c dm dma` a`s` s`ñg ñg y ms mstã tã Gk rmprmsmgtcdc pkr ug aucdrcdk amrrcdk. Csé ms akik aki`mgzcg nc icykréc dm nks d`cbrcics dm ãrjknms dm dma`s`ñg.

Gkdk dm kpkrt kpkrtug`dcd ug`dcd??  Q` Q`mip miprm rm qum gk mst mstcik ciks s smb smburk urks s dmn rms rmsunt untcdk cdk dm ugc s`t s`tuca uca`ñg `ñg,, nc rmprmsmgtciks akg ug gkdk dm czcr. Uumdm akgdua`r c iÿnt`pnms rmsuntcdks, pmrk skjrm tkdk sm rmaki`mgdc qum sknk akgduzac c dks rmsuntcdks c nc vmz. Mstã rmprmsmgtcdk pkr ug aéraunk.

Gkdk l`gcn? Mstks skg nks gkdks hkoc qum rmprmsmgtcg mn l`gcn dmn d`cbrcic dm dma`s`ñg. Gk sm mspmrcg iãs rcics dm ug gkdk l`gcn. Qm ut`n`zc ug pmqumók tr`ãgbunk akik tmri`gcdkr k gkdk l`gcn.

Zcics? Acdc vmz qum sm tkic ugc dma`s`ñg, akgduam c d`lmrmgtms gkdks. ]gc rcic akgmatcréc mstks gkdks y rmprmsmgtcréc ugc s`tuca`ñg k ug rmsuntcdk. Mg bmgmrcn, mn rmsuntcdk sm msar`jm skjrm nc rcic mg tmxtk gkricn.

Kpa`ñg rmahczcdc?  Mstm ms ug séijknk kpa`kgcn mg ug ãrjkn dm dma`s`kgms qum sm d`juoc dmspuàs dm qum sm hc armcdk tkdk mn d`cbrcic. Q`ipnmimgtm nk icraciks skjrm nc rcic dm nc kpa`ñg qum dmsmciks qum yc gk akgt`gÿm.

 Mt`qumtcs? mstks mnmimgtks sm mipnmcg pcrc `gd`acr akg icykr dmtcnnm acdc pcrtm dmn prkamsk. Qm mspma`l`ac mg quà akgs`stm acdc caa`ñg y quà suamdm durcgtm mn pmr`kdk qum rmprmsmgtc nc lnmahc.  

Nks ãrjknms dm dma`s`ñg tcij`àg sm pumdmg d`juocr akg séijknks dm d`cbrcics dm lnuok, qum c cnbugcs pmrskgcs nms pcrmamg iãs lãa`nms dm nmmr y akiprmgdmr  Qm nncic ãrjkn dm dma`s`ñg pkrqum sm jusac bmgmrcr auãnms skg ncs cntmrgct`vcs ‑ smcg jumgcs k icncs- dm acdc lcatkr c mvcnucr.

Ucsk 3. @dmgt`l`ac tkdcs ncs vcr`cjnms dmn prkjnmic amgtrcn ]gc vmz qum smp smpcs cs auãn auãn ms tu prkjnm prkjnmiã iãt`a t`ac, c, aki`mg aki`mgzc zc c mguimr mguimrcr cr tkdks tkdks nks lcatkrm lcatkrms s qum nc akipkgmg. Ukr momipnk? Nc akgtrctca`ñg dm ug gumvk prkvmmdkr. Mgn`stc? akstks, trãi`tms, t`mipk dm nnmbcdc dmn prkduatk, dcóks imracgaéc, lmahcs dm pcbk, mta.

 

Ucsk :. Ur`kr`zcr  Ms `ipkrtcgtm akimgzcr c n`i`tcr tus ar`tmr`ks dm dma`s`ñg, ms pkr mnnk qum dm nc n`stc cgtmr`kr smpcrms auãnms skg cqumnnks lcatkrms qum skg pr`ikrd`cnms pcrc tu miprmsc. Q` dm nc n`stc dm 3=, pumdms n`i`tcrnk c 2, qu`mrm dma`r qum mstks ar`tmr`ks akg icykr rmnmvcga`c.

Ucsk 1. @dmgt`l`ac nc `ipkrtcga`c dm nks ar`tmr`ks Qm trctc dm jusacr y mguimrcr quà dm mstks s`mtm ar`tmr`ks skg iãs `ipkrtcgtms, mguimrc. Ukr  momipnk? mg mn acij`k dm prkvmmdkr. Mn akstk mstcréc akik gÿimrk ugk, mg smbugdk nubcr mn t`mipk dm nnmbcdc dmn prkduatk, mg tmramrk nks trãi`tms, y csé suams`vcimgtm.

Ucsk 4. Aki`mgzc c vmr vcr`cjnms Acdc ugk dm mstks lcatkrms dmjm akgtcr akg lkrtcnmzcs k dmj`n`dcdms, csmbÿrctm dm akimgzcr nc rci`l`aca`ñg cpcrtcgdk trms k auctrk cntmrgct`vcs pcrc acdc ar`tmr`k. Nk qum jusaciks ms bmgmrcr  supumstks dm icgmrc kjomt`vc, s` dm nks ar`tmr`ks scn`mrkg auctrk rci`l`aca`kgms y dm mscs auctrk scn`mrkg 3: iãs, mstk tm cyudcrã c prklugd`zcr mg nk iãs akgvmg`mgtm. Ukg ctmga`ñg mg mstm momipnk dkgdm sm mvcnÿc mn akstk jmgml`a`k dm prkvmmdkrms.

 

Gktc. Q` mn rmsuntcdk ms `ga`mrtk, `dmgt`léacnk akg ug pmqumók aéraunk, s` mn rmsuntcdk ms ktrc dma`s`ñg, `dmgt`léacnk akg ug aucdrk iãs. Nk `ipkrtcgtm dm mstk, ms armcr tu prkp`k nmgbucom dm cgãn`s`s m `dmgt`l`aca`ñg, dm mstc lkric smrã iãs smga`nnk cgcn`zcrnk y ikstrcr nks rmsuntcdks

Ucsk =. Qmnmaa`kgc ugc cntmrgct`vc c ntmrgct`vc  Cgcn`zc auãn ms nc kpa`ñg iãs akgvmg`mgtm akgvmg`mgtm dm caumrdk cn ãrjkn dm dma`s`kgms, s`miprm tkic tkic mg aumgtc nc `ipkrtcga`c dm nks ar`tmr`ks y acdc ugc dm sus cntmrgct`vcs.

Ucsk