ARALIN 1 WIKA at GRAMATIKA Pokus-Ng-Pandiwa

 

 

- Bclcbclclk @lkki

 

@lk nk` t`k`-Nijctirr`li`l `y pcl`lclcw`h``lk sch` `lk dun du nubmk `t l`kp l`kp`b`km `b`km lk h`d`t h`d`t lk urc urc lk p`l p`lcctce`l s` bumlk j`ckjck j`dch sch` `lk l`e`tueh`s lk scstin` lk p`ksusuh`t. N`y p`ke`e`tuh`j lk nk` jcyms `t jcyms` `lk nctmhmdcy`lk Krcyikm `t Rmn`lm, lkulct l`ke`e`cb` h`n`lk `lk e`lch`lk e`t`w`k`l

 

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@lk N`dcw`k`lk E`dml  

Cpc Cpcl`ec l`echh`h `h` ` rct rctm`lk p`lku p`lkul`dclk l`dclk t`ud`l t`ud`ll` sc sc _`ljmr` l` sc scy`lk l`kc l`kclk e`s`lke`p`l lk nk` jcyms jcyms up`lk up`lk p`rus`d`l `lk nk` t`m t`m s` s` j`ckjc j`ckjck. k. @t s` p`n`n`kc `kctt`l lk cbclc cbclck`y k`y l` e`t`lkc`l e`t`lkc`l lk nk` jcyms jcymss` e`lc e`lcy` (`lk p`ke`n`uscs`) `t `lk n`dc `dcw w`k`lk e`dml l` l`kjuh l`kjuhmt ct ctm lk e`p`d`n`e`l lk j`ckjck j`c kjck l` scy`lk scy`lk l`kclk j`dch j`dch`l up`lk up`lk n`ke`rm `ke`rmm ml lk e`kuhud`l `t e`s`n``l.

‘Duw`k n`kp`j`h` s` l`cs lk j`nj`ncl. N`eultiltm s` eulk `lm–lk  n`yrmml e`. `lm–lk n`yrmml

Duw`k suw`ycl `lk utms lk Jcyms.„ Jcyms.„ 

 

V`kut `kut`l `l `lk ‘Julmlk Vuhmlk Vuhmlk„ @#0-7 `t F s` p`dcl` p`dc 4-3. Csuncti s` s` f`pmquc`l`lkihcf`43Okn`ch.fmn   f`pmquc`l`lkihcf`43Okn`ch.fmn

 

_MEYV LK _@LJC[@

 

@lm `lk _`ljcw` •Ctm `y b`d`kc lk p`l`l`hct`lk l`ks`s``j lk echms m k`h`w.

 

2 B@D@KC LK _@LKYLKYV@_ _@EV@/VCNYLM

1

- _cl` _cl`kk-uus uus`p `p`l `l s` p`lk p`lkulk ulkus us`p `p - Kun` Kun`k` k`nc nctt lk lk p`l` p`l`lj lj`lk `lk sc sc m  m scl` (t`m) `t `lk `lk   m `lk nk` (b`k`y) @lk p`es` `y n```rclk n`ect` s` ul`d`l, kctl` m duhcd`lk b`d`kc lk p`lkulkus`p.

_@L@KYRC

- L`kbcbck` L`kbcbck`y y cnpmrn`s cnpmrn`sym yml l tulke tulkemh mh s` p`es` p`es` - N```rcl N```rclk k n`ect` n`ect` s` ul` ul`d`l, d`l, kctl` kctl` m duhcd` duhcd`lk lk b`d`kc lk p`lkulkus`p

 

2 B@D@KC LK _@LKYLKYV@_

1

_@EV@ VCNYLM

@lk nk` e`s`pc lk YWF@ J`h`ykml `y unuwclk j`h` `lk e`npiml`tm s` p`hcks`d`l. _@L@KYRC

 

•_meus  `lk t`w`k s` rih`symlk

p`lsin`ltce` lk p`ljcw` m s`hct`lk echms s` scnulm m p`es` lk p`lkulkus`p.

- @hgmlsm V`ltc`km, N`e`b`kmlk B`h`rch`lk Gchcpclm

 

Bueh`tcl `lk `eh`t s` p`dcl` 36-3: ‘_meus lk _`ljcw`1 _`lj cw`1 `k`k`l` `l`p p `t h`yml „  Z`k`k

 

_@LJC[@

_@EV@/VCNYLM

Vunulmj sc Zrcst`l s` utms lk d`rc bch`lk p`kk`h`lk s` e`p`lky`rcd`l lctm.

ME EYVV@ V@Z@ Z@K@K@L@_ _M

‘   @lk p`es` m scnulm `y t`k`k`l`p lk echms l`

cscl`s``j lk p`ljcw` s` p`lkulkus`p. Ctm `y sun`s`kmt s` t`lmlk l` ‘Vclm„  

 

_ME V@Z@ Z@K@K@L@_ MEYVV@

Kcl`k`nct`l ctm lk nk` p`lh`pclk p`lh`pclk11 N`k_`k-un L`kN`lk-

N`e`p`kN`kN`kscp`kN`ecN`kp`-

 

_M ME EYVV@ V@Z@ Z@K@K@L@_ _@LJC[@

_@EV@/VCNYLM

L`kd`d` `kd`d`lj` lj` `lk nk` e` e`kur kuru`l u`l `t `t n`k `k-``r`h p`r` s` p`p`r`tclk l` mlhcli fh`ss hi`rlclk.

 

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@lm `lk p`es` lk p`lkulkus`p= @lm `lk p`ljcw`lk kcl`nct s` p`lkulkus`p= VCLM= @lk p`es` b` `y sun`s`kmt s` t`lmlk l` VCLM = @lm `lk pmeus lk p`ljcw` s` p`lkulkus`p l` ctm=

css hiIH `rt `r td E lmrm bch bc hsc `lk _cdlm chcrml`d ppl`d`l clis`l2?2?  s c Bb. N A`lih `lihh `zm

 Zi  Z ii.  

_MEYVV@H@S @SML ML/_@H@SML Ecl`cl l` lk n`e`nuljmlk p`lclcw`h` `lk pusm–t  cscp`l lk ch`lk n`n`n`y`lk _chcpclm.  @lk h`yml(km`h) `y scy`lk p`es` m bclcbcky`lk-jccl lk echms s` p`lkulkus`p. @lk p`es` `y sun`s`kmt s` t`lmlk l` LM=

 

NK@ K@NCZ L@ _@LH@_C V@ _MEYV V@ H@SML1    

-CL -DCL -@L -D@L

   

 N@ _@EC C_@ _@-

 

Zcl`h`e`y l` lk b`ct`lk 0? `lk nk` p`lctce`lk p`lj`ckjck.

 

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@lm `lk p`es` lk p`lkulkus`p= @lm `lk p`ljcw`lk kcl`nct s` p`lkulkus`p= @LM= @lk p`es` b` `y sun`s`kmt s` t`lmlk l` @LM = @lm `lk pmeus lk p`ljcw` s` p`lkulkus`p l` ctm=

Ce`n bck bck `t`y cp cp`y`l `tu `tu`l p`js` lk lk n b b`t `t`s `lk p`rus`l `rus k `t s` `y`s n `bc `bcbc bck`t k`t `lk l`

e`s`h`l`l.  

D@HCNB@[@ NYH@ V@ @EH@Z _@DCL@ 3:.

N`y cb`lk nk` sulj`hm m t`ud`lk dcljc b`st` sunusulmj s` e`lch`lk nk` d`rc m hcjir. ‘@LM„ + _@L@KYRC _@EV@/VCNYLM

_@EV@/VCNYLM

 

_@EV@/VCNYLM

N`y cb`lk nk` sulj`hm m t`ud`lk dcljc b`st` sunusulmj s` re`lch`lk nk` d`rc m hcjir hcji . _@LJC[@

_ME MEYVV@ V@Z@ Z@K@K@L@_

_MEYVV@H@SM H@SML

 

_MEYV V@ H@SML

_MEYV V@ Z@K@K@L@_ 



@lk p`es` p`es` m scn scnulm `y t`k`k`l`p lk echms l` cscl`s``j lk p`ljcw` s` p`lkulkus`p. Ctm `y sun`s`kmt `s`kmt s` t`lmlk l` ‘Vclm„ 

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@lk h`yml(km`h) `y scy`lk p`es` m bclcbcky`lk-jccl lk ech echms s` p`lkulku p`lkulkus s`p.

@lk p`es` p`es` `y `y su sun n`s`kmt s` t`lm t`lmlk lk l` @LM=

 

MEYVV@_C _ME _CL@KH@H@@L@L _@LJC[@

Cp`kd`d`lj` lk n`k`rbmlk d`lj``l `lk nk` n`d`d`rhce`lk p`l`udcl lk Kmbirl`jmrfchhm. _@EV@

 @lk p`es` `y scy`lk pcl`kh`h``l`l lk echms.

Vun`s`kmt s` t`lmlk l` _ R E LCLM =  

NK@ K@NCZ L@ _@LH@_C V@ _MEYV V@ _CL@KH@H@@L@L1    

-C + -CL  C_@K N@- + C_@K C_@K_@-

 

_MEYVV@E@K@NCZ@L _@LJC[@

Vclubme

lcy`lk

cp`lk-`rikhm

s`

e`sm `lk s`npulk hcbmlk pcsm. _@EV@  @lk p`es` `y e`s`lke`p`l m b`k`y l` kcl`k`nct up`lk n`cs`k`w` `lk echms lk p`ljcw`. Vun`s`kmt s` t`lmlk l` ‘V` p`n`n`kct`l lk @lm „  „ 

 

NK@ K@NCZ L@ _@LH@_C V@ _MEYV V@ _CL@KH@H@@L@L1  

 C_@LK N@ + C_@LK-

 

_MEYV V@ _CL@KH@H@@L@L 

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@lk p`es` p`es` m scn scnulm `y pcl`kh`h``l`l m bclcbcky`lk jccl lk echms. Ctm `y sun`s`kmt `s`kmt s` t`lmlk l` ‘_@R@  E@LCLM=„ =„

_MEYV V@ E@K@NCZ@L E@K@NCZ@L 

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@lk p`es` `y `y tunut utuem uemyy s` e`s`lke`p`l m b`k`y l` kcl`nct up`lk n`cs`k`w` `lk echms. @lk p`es` p`es` `y `y su sun n`s`kmt

‘V@ 

 

s`

t`lmlk t`lm lk

_@N@N@KCZ@LL LLK@LM=„ =„ 

 

_MEYVV@Z@ Z@K@K@L@_

_MEYVV@H@SML

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@lk p`es` p`es` `lk sun`s`k `s`kmt mt s` t`lm `lmlk lk l` ‘Vclm=„    VCL CLM@LKKYN@K@L@_M L@KV@V@K@[@LKECH CHMV

l`

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@lk p`es` p`es` `lk bc bclcbc lcbcky`lk ky`lk jccl lk echms VYN@V@KMZ V@Z@ Z@LMLKL@ ‘@LM=„ 

_MEYVV@E@K@NCZ@L _MEYVV@_CCL L@KH@H@@L@L 

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@lk p`es` p`es` `y pcl`kh pcl`kh`h `h``l`l ``l`l lk echms VYN@V@KMZ V@Z@ Z@LMLKL@ ‘_@R@E@LCLM=„ =„ 

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@ lk p`es` e`s`lke` e`s`lke`p`l p`l m b`k`y l` kcl`k`n kc`y l`k`n ct up`lk up`lk cs`k`w s`k`w` `lk ech echms 

VYN@V@KMZ V@Z@ Z@LMLKL@‘‘V V@

_@N@N@KCZ@LL LLK@LM=„ =„ 

 

@lk @p`t l` _meus lk _`ljcw` `y n```rclk k`nctcl s` nk` sunusulmj1    

s` p`ks`s p`ks`s``j ``j lk `esyml `esyml,, p`lky`y`r p`lky`y`rcc `t e`r`l`s`l5 e`r`l`s`l5 s` p`ks p`ksuh uh`t `t lk p p`kd`d `kd`d`n `nbclk5 bclk5 s` p`ksuh`t lk s`hmmbcl5 s` p`kd p`kd`d`n `d`nbclk bclk s` s`rc s`rchhclk euh euhtur` `t lk cb`lk b`lk b`ls b`ls`5 `5 `t

cscluh`t l` s`rchclk euwiltm  

_@LYZM. Csuh`t `lk p`lkulkus`p s` clymlk p`pih. V`hulkkudct`l `lk p`ljcw`lk kcl`nct `t bchuk`l `lk p`es`. Zueuycl `lk pmeus lk p`ljcw` l` kcl`nct s` p`lkulkus`p.  

0. Cpcl`ke l`ke`t `tccw`h` `h` l lcc V`nsml ` `lk lk e`l e`lccy`lk scerit eritm e`y Jihch`d. 2.Cpcl`kscb`e lk e`dmy lk n`lkclkcbck `lk n`k`lj`lk jch`k. 6.@ 6. @lk l`cpm l`cpmlk lk pir` pir` `y cpc pcl`n l`nb`y`j lc lcyy` s` ZIVJ@. :.L`khclcs s` N`lch` B`y `lk cb`–t  cb`lk cb`lk mrk`lcs rk`lcs`sym `syml l lk

kmbyirlm.  

K@[@CL #01  0. B`s` B`s`dc dcl l `lk nct nctmh mhmd mdcy cy`l `lk k Krcy Krcyik ikm m ‘@lk N`dcw`k`lk E`dml„ `t tueuycl `lk euhtur`lk l`s`s`h`ncl jctm. 2. K`nct `lk _meus _meus s` Z`k` Z`k`k`l` k`l`p p `t H`yml, H`yml, p`kd`nbclk p`kd`nbclkcl cl `lk `lk l`tuemy l`tuem y l` euhtur` nuh` s` `ej` `t `lk euhtur` lk nk` _chcpclm. 6. Csunct Csuncti i `lk cym cymlk lk kcl`w kcl`w`lk `lk hcn`l hcn`lk(9 k(9)) p`lkulku p`lkulkus`p s`p l` l` l`kd`d`nbclk lk j`h`w`lk euhtur`. (Vd`rijBhmk KILSM)

f`pmquc`l`lkihcf`43Okn`ch.fmn f`pmquc`l`lkihcf`43Okn`ch.fmn  

 

K@[@CL #21  0. Vunuh`t Vunuh`t lk j`h`w j`h`w`lk `lk t`h`t t`h`t` ` uemh uemh s` cymlk cymlk s`hmmbcl s`hmmbcl m mpcly mpclyml ml nuh` s` nils`di m `r`h l` l`eud` s` nctmhmdcy`lk krcyikm ‘@lk N`dcw`k`lk E`dml.„  2. Euh` Euh`y` y`l l lk puh` puh` `lk `lk hcn`l hcn`lk k (9) (9) p`lkul p`lkulkus kus`p `p l` pmeus s` pcl`kh`h``l`l.. Euh`y birji l`n`l `lk (9) pmeus s` pcl`kh`h``l`l e`k`nct`l.

6. Z@LJ@@L1 @LJ@@L1 V` V` b`w`t b`w`t t`h`t` t`h`t` `y n`y hcn`lk pultms, pultms, e`y`–t  s` b`w`t p`ke`e`n`hc lk p`ktuemy s` nk` pmeus lk p`ljcw` `y b`w`s cs`lk (0) pultms s` clymlk csemr..

f`pmquc`l`lkihcf`43Okn`ch.fmn   f`pmquc`l`lkihcf`43Okn`ch.fmn

 

N@R@NCLK V@H@N@Z