Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2E-87 - Guide Signs Design and Application

Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2E/85

Guide Signs Design And Application

7.0m

5.0m

Roads Branch Public Works Department Malaysia Jalan Sultan Salahuddin 50582 Kuala Lumpur

ARAHAN TEKNIK (JALAN) 2E/87

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

JABATAN KERJA RAYA

GUIDE SIGNS DESIGN AND APPLICATION

CAWANGAN JALAN, IBU PEJABAT J.K.R, JALAN SULTAN SALAHUDDIN, 50582 KUALA LUMPUR. Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

HARGA : RM 13.00 Page 1

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GUIDE SIGNS DESIGN AND APPLICATION

PREFACE This Arahan Teknik: (Jalan) 2E/87 - "Guide Sign Design And Application" - is an addition to the Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2/85 series on "Manual on Traffic Control Devices" which was published in 1986. It is to be used for the design and application of guide signs. Nevertheless there are parts of this Arahan Teknik which not only include, but add information on standard traffic signs i.e. regulatory, warning and temporary signs. Since this Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2E/87 has in parts superseded Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2A/85 and Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2B/85, it must therefore be read or used in conjunction with them. Attached within is also a summary of addendums and amendments to both the Arahan Tekniks mentioned. It must be noted that the sign design and application standard indicated in this Arahan Teknik and those others in series 2/85 are to be followed at all times. This Arahan Teknik. (Jalan) 2E/87 will be updated from time to time and in this respect any feedback from users will be most welcome. Any comments should be sent to Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, Kuala Lumpur

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Guide Signs Design And Application

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SUMMARY OF ADDENDUMS AND AMMENDMENTS TO ARAHAN TEKNIK (JALAN) 2A & 2B / 85 ARAHAN TEKNIK

SECTION

DESCRIPTION

PAGE

REMARK

2

Types of Guide Signs

2

Amended - see Section 1.3

3

Colour Code for Traffic Signs

3

Amended - see Appendix E

4

List of Acceptable Abbreviations for Traffic Signs 4

Amended - see Appendix C

Part 1

Regulatory Signs

7-11

Addendum - see Appendix F

Part 2

Warning Signs

21-40

Addendum - see Appendix F

2.12

Post & Mounting of Traffic Signs

11

Addendum - see Section 2.4

2.14

Traffic Sign Materials

12

Addendum - see Section 2.5

2.15

Colour Code for Traffic Signs

12

Addendum - see Appendix E

2C.2

Classification of Guide Signs

15

Amended - see Section 1.3

2C.3

Colours and Shape of Guide

15

Ammend - see Section 2.1

2C.4

Size of Guide Signs

15

Addendum - see Table 2.2

2C.5

Lettering on Guide Signs

16

Addendum - see Table 2.2 & 2.3

2C.6

Border on Guide Signs

17

Amended - see Table 2.2 & 2.3

2C.7

Directional Symbols on Guide Signs

18

Amended -see Section 2.3

2C.8

Destination Signs

18

Amended - see Sect. 3.1 & 3.2

2C.9

Distance Signs

20

Amended - see Section 3.3

2C.10

Information Signs

20

Amended - see Section 3.4

2C.11

Route Markers

22

Amended - see Section 3.5

2A/85

2B/85

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Guide Signs Design And Application

CONTENTS

PAGE

PART ONE: GENERAL ON TRAFFIC SIGNS 1.1 Purpose Of Traffic Signs

1-8

1.2 General Principles Of Traffic Signs

1-8

1.3 Classification Of Traffic Signs

1-8

PART TWO : GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATION ON TRAFFIC SIGNS 2.1 Colours Of Traffic Signs

2-9

2.2 Lettering And Borders On Traffic Signs

2-9

2.3 Symbol On Traffic: Signs

2-9

2.4 Post And Mounting of Traffic Signs

2-9

2.5 Materials Used Can Traffic Signs

2-10

PART THREE: LAYOUT DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF GUIDE SIGNS 3.1 General

3-19

3.2 Destination Signs

3-19

3.3 Directional Signs

3-1 9

3.4 Distance Signs

3-19

3.5 Information Signs

3-19

3.6 Route Number Markers

3-27

APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C APPENDIX D APPENDIX E APPENDIX F

(Addendums, Supplementary And Sizes) Placenames On Guide Signs on Federal And Major State Roads Standard Abbreviation for Place Names Application Of Guide Signs Colour Codes And Chromaticity Coordinates Additional Standard Traffic Signs

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Guide Signs Design And Application

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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE

PAGE

3.1

Layout Design Of Destination Signs

3-20

3.2

Layout Design Of Directional Signs

3-22

3.2A An Example Of Directional Sign And Information Sign Mounted On The Same Posts

3-24

3.3

Layout Design Of Distance Signs

3-25

3.4

Layout Design Of Information Signs (General Service Sign)

3-28

3.5

Layout Design Of Information Signs (Recreational or Historical and Cultural Interest Area Sign)

3-29

Layout Design Of Information Signs (Service and RecreationalSigns)

3-30

Layout Design Of Information Signs (River Name Sign)

3-31

Layout Design Of Information Signs (Town or Village Name Sign)

3-32

Layout Design Of Information Signs (Government Building Sign)

3-33

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

3.10 Layout Design Of Information Signs (Message Sign)

3-34

3.11 Layout Design Of Information Signs (Example Of Message Signs)

3-35

3.12 Layout Design Of Information Signs (Warning Message Sign)

3-36

3.13 Layout Design Of Information Signs (Examples Of Warning Message Signs)

3-37

3.14 Layout Design Of Information Signs (Examples of Warning Message Signs)

3-38

3.15 Layout Design Of Route Number Markers (Type A)

3-40

3.16 Layout Design of Route Number Markers (Type B and Type C )

3-41

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Guide Signs Design And Application

FIGURE

PAGE

A.1

Directional. Arrow

A-64

A.2

Diagramatic Pointers

A-65

A.3

Gantry Arrow

A-66

A.4

Expressway Logo

A-67

D.1

Typical Application Of Guide Signs For T-Intersection Leading To Place Names in Appendix B

D-114

Typical Application Of Guide Signs For T-Intersect Lion. Not Listed And Not Leading Names In To Place Names In Appendix B But Major State Links

D-115

D.3

Typical Application Of Guide Signs For T-Intersection Of Minor Roads

D-116

D.4

Typical Application of Guide Signs For X-Intersection Leading To Place Names in Appendix B

D-117

Typical Application Of Guide Signs For X-Intersection Not Listed And Not Leading To Place Names in Appendix B But Major State Links

D-118

D.6

Typical Application Of Guide Signs For X-Intersection Of Minor Roads

D-119

D.7

Actual Example Of Guide Signs Application

D-120

D.8

Details Of The Guide- Signs Indicated In Fig.D.7

D-121

D.9 E.1

Application of Recreational Area Signs Chromaticity Diagram

D-122

D.2

D.5

E-125 F.1

Supplementary Standard Warning Signs

F-128

F.2

Addendums To Standard Warning Signs

F-129

F.3

Addendums To Standard Warning Signs

F-130

F.4

Addendums To Standard Warning Signs

F-131

F.5

Supplementary Sign For RM1

F-132

F.6

Addendums To Standard Regulatory Signs

F-133

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Guide Signs Design And Application

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE

PAGE

2.1

Colour Of Traffic Signs

2-11

2.2

Types And Sizes Of Letterings And Borders On Traffic Signs

2-13

2.3

Letter Height And Border Width

2-15

2.4

Directional Symbols

2-17

2.5

Arrangement Of Directional Arrows In Descending Order

2-18

3.1

Information Signs

3-27

3.2

Details Of Route Markers

3-39

A.1

Series 1 & Lower Case Unit Letter Width, Spacing Constants, Mosaic Width

A-45

Series 1 Unit Numeral Width, Spacing Constants, Mosaic Width

A-46

A.3

Lower Case - Letter Width

A-54

A.4

Lower Case - Spacing Between Letters

A-55

A.5

Lower Case - Spacing Factor

A-56

A.6

Series 2 - Letter And Numeral Dimensions

A-58

A.7

Series 2 Letter And Numeral Spacings - Spacing Between Letters

A-62

A.8 E.1

Series 2 Letter And Numeral Spacings - Spacing Factors Chromaticity Coordinates

A-63 E-124

F.1

Size Of Standard Traffic Signs

F-127

A.2

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Guide Signs Design And Application

PART ONE: GENERAL ON TRAFFIC SIGNS 1.1

Purpose Of Traffic Signs

e) The signs should be placed so that they are obscured as little as possible by vehicles and other objects.

The purposeof traffic signs is to help ensure the safe and informed operation of every road user on the highway. Traffic sign, are used to regulate, warn, or guide road users. They are essential where special regulations apply at specific times only, or where hazards are not self-evident. They also give information as to highway routes, directions, destinations and places of interest.

1.2

f) The signs should be designed and the driver is left with sufficient time to take any necessary action with safety. g) The signs should be effective both by night and day. The critical factors in meeting these requirements are colour, shape and size of sign, lettering and symbol sizes used, layout of its face, its position and illumination or reflectorization.

General Principles Of Traffic Signs The following general principles are the most important requirements to consider in order to achieve the greatest efficiency of traffic signs: a) The signs must be designed for the foreseeable traffic condition and speeds on the roads on which they are to be used. b) The signs should be conspicuous so that they will attract the attention of drivers at a sufficient distance and should be easily recognizable as traffic signs at that distance. c) The signs should contain only essential information and their significance should be clear at a glance so that the driver's attention is not distracted from the task of driving. d) The signs should be legible from sufficiently far away to be read with out diverting the sight through too great an angle.

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1.3

Classification of Traffic Signs Functionally, traffic signs are generally classified into the following types : a) Regulatory Signs b) Warning Signs c) Temporary Signs d) Guide Signs i. Destination Signs ii. Directional Signs iii. Distance Signs iv. Information Signs v. Route Number Markers vi. Kilometer Posts e) Other Traffic Signs Gantry Signs This Arahan Teknik only covers the design and application of guide signs.The guidelines for the design and application of regulatory, warning and temporary signs are covered by Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2A, 2S and 2C/85 respectively while that for gantry sign will be covered by another Arahan Teknik.

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Guide Signs Design And Application are those that provide information with out the use of word messages.

PART TWO: GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATION ON TRAFFIC SIGNS. 2.1

Sizes and templates of standard symbols used on traffic signs are shown in Appendix A. Types and uses of directional symbols are shown in Table 2.4.

Colours Of Traffic Signs Colour plays an important role in distinguishing the nature of one traffic sign from another such that road users may not only recognize the traffic sign as such but may also perceive a general idea of the information before they reach the point at which the message on the sign becomes readable. Sets of colour combination used for the various type of traffic signs are shown in Table 2.1. The colour codes and coordinates indicated in Appendix E have been established and identified for use on traffic signs and posts.

2.2

2.3

Information symbols which may in some ways indicate the direction of travel, such as the aeroplane, should be used with caution.

2.4

Post And Mounting Of Traffic Signs

Three types of lettering and two types of border are used on traffic signs. The letterings used are standard lettering Series 1, Series 2 and Lower Case with height -stroke width ratio 1:5,1:7.5 and 1:4 respectively while the borders used are the light coloured extended to the edge and the dark coloured set-in from the edge types.

Traffic signs should be installed according to the requirements of Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2B/85. Traffic sign posts shall be of steel posts of not less than 62mm outside diameter, and painted with alternating black and white stripes/bands of 300mm intervals. Traffic signal posts, on the other hand, should be painted with alternating black and orange stripes/bands. It should be noted that the first stripe/band from the ground level for both posts is always painted black. The back of every traffic sign shall be painted grey and on it a template with the date the sign was manufactured arid: the naive of the maufacturer shall be stated clearly.

Standard letterings are shown in Appendix A. Types and sizes of letterings and borders used for the various type of traffic signs are shown in Table 2.2 and 2.3.

Traffic signs exceeding 1.00m in any dimension shall be stiffened by the attachment of backing frames. Purlins shall be required for those traffic signs exceeding 1.50m in any dimension.

Letterings And Borders On Traffic Signs

Symbols On Traffic Signs The two types of symbols used on traffic signs are directional and information symbols. Directional symbols are those that indicate directions while information symbols

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2.5

Materials Used Or Traffic Signs The following are the trio types of material to be used on traffic signs: a) Retro-reflective sheeting b) Screening ink

2.5.1

Retro-reflective Sheeting. Retro-reflective sheeting a material consisting of one or more retroreflective elements embedded within a transparent film having a smooth, flat outer surface.Two types of retro-reflective sheeting that have been established and identified for use on traffic signs are High Intensity and Engineering Grade retro-reflective sheetings. Both these sheetings are available in sheets and rolls with either heat activated-or pressure sensitive adhesive. Heat activated , adhesive sheeting are bonded to sign substrate by means of the vacuum-heat application method with the heat Lamp vacuum applicator while bonding of pressure sensitive adhesive sheeting to sign substrates is by the application of pressure with hand roller, rubber squeegee, hand or electrically powered squeeze roll applicator.

Guide Signs Design And Application 2.5.2

Screening Ink Screening ink is a transparent or opaque coloured ink of nonreflective element which is used at times on retro-reflective sheetings to provide colour fast pigmentation. Screening ink cannot be affective, and thus cannot be used on traffic signs, unless it is first applied on a retro-reflective sheeting by means of the silk screen process. It should be noted that a screening ink of one brand that has been specified for use on one type retro-reflective sheeting cannot be screened over another brand or type of retro-reflective sheeting. The use of screening inks is to be limited only to standard traffic signs (regulatory, warning and temporary).

Types of retro-reflective sheeting to be used on the various type of traffic signs are stated in the notes of Table 2.1.

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Guide Signs Design And Application

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TABLE 2.1 : COLOUR OF TRAFFIC SIGNS

TYPES OF TRAFFIC SIGNS

LETTERING/ BACKGROUND SYMBOL & BORDER

REMARK

I

REGULATORY SIGNS

AS SHOWN lN ARAHAN TEKNIK (JALAN) 2085

II

WARNING SIGNS

AS SHOWN IN ARAHAN TEKNIK (JALAN) 2A/85

III

TEMPORARY SIGNS

AS SHOWN IN ARAHAN TEKNIK (JALAN) 2C/ 65

IV

GUIDE SIGNS a. Destination Signs

WHITE

BLUE

b. Directional Signs

WHITE

GREEN

WHITE

BLUE

WHITE

BLUE

WHITE

BLUE

c. Distance Signs

Except on LLM expressways which should be white letters / border on green background. Those leading to or/and on LLM Expressways except on leading to LLM expressways . Those leading to roads within a local council i.e local streets should have yellow letters for the street name.

Except an LLM expressways (white on green )

d. Information Signs : i. General Service ii. Recreational/Historical & Cultural lnterest Areas

Applies only to those indicating situations of extreme danger GREEN

WHITE

WHITE

GREEN

BLACK

WHITE

YELLOW

GREEN

WHITE

BLUE

WHITE

RED

e. Route Marker

BLACK

YELLOW

f. Kilometer Posts

AS SHOWN IN ARAHAN TEKNIK 1 JALAN) 9/86

iii. River Name iv. Town/ Village Name v. Government Building vi. Message vii. Warning Message

v

OTHER TRAFFIC SIGNS a . Gantry Signs

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Applies to all roads except LLM expressways. Local streets should have yellow letters for the street name.

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Guide Signs Design And Application

NOTE: 1) Type of Retro - Reflective Sheeting to be used on Traffic Signs a. All standard traffic signs are to use High Intensity retro-reflective sheeting on their faces. b. Guide sign are to use the following : i) On U4 to U6 and R3 to R6, High Intensity retro-reflective sheeting is to be used. ii) On other then the above roads, Engineering Grade retro-reflective sheeting is to be used. c. Those traffic signs with white background are to use Engineering Grade retro- reflective sheeting for the background Nevertheless, the letterings/symbol and border are to adhere to the above statements (a ) and (b). 2) LLM Means Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia.

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TABLE 2-2: TYPE AND SIZES OF LETTERINGS AND BORDERS ON TRAFFIC SIGNS TYPES OF TRAFFIC TYPE OF LETTER TYPE OF BORDERSIGNS LETTERING HEIGHT BORDER WIDTH (mm) (mm) (mm) I

REGULATORY SIGNS

II

WARNING SIGNS

III

TEMPORARY SIGNS

IV

GUIDE SIGNS a. Destination Signs

REMARK

AS SHOWN IN ARAHAN TEKNIK (JALAN) 2A/15 AND SEE ALSO APPENDIX F AS SHOWN IN ARAHAN TEKNIK (JALAN) 2C/85

Refer to Table 2.3

b. Directional Signs

White And Extended

Refer to Table 2.3

c Distance Signs d. Information Signs i. General Services ii. Recreational/ Historical & Cultural Interest Areas

100 Series 1 And Lower Case Refer To Table 1.3 Fig. 3.2A

iii. River Name

vi. Message Series 2 vii. Warning Message e. Route Markers f. Kilometer Posts v

Series 2

Green And Refer To Set-in Table 2.3

100

WhiteAndE xtended 10

300

Black And Set - in

iv. Town/Village Name v. Government Building

20 Use Letter Mosaics

20(15)

Refer To Table 2.3 Fig. 3.2A

Yellow And Refer Extended ToTable 2.3

Refer To Table 2.3

White And Extended

Refer To Table 2.3

Refer To Table 2.3

While & Extended

Refer to Table 2.3

Refer To Table 3.3

Black 6 Set Refer To - in Table 3-1

Use Spacing Factors

AS SHOWN IN ARAHAN TEKNIK (JALAN) 9/06

OTHER TRAFFIC SIGNS Series 1 And Refer To a. Gantry Signs Lower Case Table 2.3

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While And Extended

Refer To Table 1.3

Use Letter Mosaics

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Guide Signs Design And Application

NOTE :

1. Values in ( ) refers to the width borders should be set in. 2. In order for Iong place name to fit into a sign of size not exceeding 5m by 4m, the size of the lettering used may be reduced to 3/4 of the recommended letter height and the place name may also be abbreviated if it uses any of the abbreviated words listed in Appendix C . 3. A long place name may have the words placed one on top of another with a vertical spacing of I/2 of the recommended letter height between them and the first letter of the words an the bottom row indented 3/4 of the recommended letter height away from the first letter of the words on the upper row. This method should not be used in Conjunction with (2) above and a not required when the recommended letter height is 100 mm or less . 4. For safety reasons, borders and corners of sign should be rounded on a radius approximately 1/16 of the lesser side dimension, but not to exceed 300mm

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Guide Signs Design And Application

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TABLE 2.3 : LETTER HEIGHT AND BORDER WIDTH

Road Road RURAL Design Categories Terrain Letter Border width Area Standard Height (mm) Type (mm) Series I Series 2 R6 U6

R5 U5

Expressway

Highways Primary Road Arterial Road

URBAN Letter Border Width Height (mm) (mm) Series I Series 2

F R M

250 200 200

50 40 40

30 30 30

I II III

200 200 200

40 40 40

30 30 30

F R M

200 150 150

60 30 30

30 20 20

I II III

150 150 150

30 30 30

20 20 20

F

150

30

20

I

150

30

20

R

150

30

20

II

150

30

20

M

150

30

20

III

100

20

20

F

150

30

20

I

150

30

20

R

150

30

20

II

100

20

20

M

100

20

20

III

100

20

10

F R M

150 100 100

30 20 20

20 20 20

I II III

100 100 100

10 20 20

20 20 20

F R M

100 100 100

20 20 20

20 20 20

I II III

100 100 100

20 20 20

20 20 20

Primary Road

R4

Secondary Road Arterial Road

U4 Collector Road

R3

Secondary Road Collector Road

U3 Local Street R2

Minor Road

U2

Local Street

R1/R1a

Minor Road

U1/U1a

Local Street

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Guide Signs Design And Application

NOTES : 1. Refer to Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 3/56 'A Guide On Geometric Design of Road' for classification details of road design standard where 'R' stands for 'Rural' and 'U' stands for 'Urban'. 2. Terrain : F - Flat R - Rolling M - Mountainous 3. Area Type I - Relatively free in road location with very little problems as regards to land acquisition , affected buildings and other socially sensitive areas. II -

Intermediate between I and III

III -

Very restrictive in road location with problem as regards to land acquisition, affected buildings and other sensitive area.

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Guide Signs Design And Application

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TABLE 2.4 : DIRECTIONAL SYMBOLS

TYPE OF DIRECTIONAL SYMBOLS

1. DIRECTIONAL ARROWS

2. DIAGRAMATIC POINTERS

3. GANTRY ARROWS

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USES

a)

Used on stack type signs.

b)

Can be made to paint horizontally, Vertically or at 45'c) If there is more than one arrow the arrangement must be in anti - clockwise direction as shown in table 2.5

a)

Used on map type signs.

b)

Should only be used for roundabouts and other more complicated interchanges.

a)

Used on overhead signs.

b)

Can only be used for lane control on high speed multilane highways.

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Guide Signs Design And Application

TABLE 2.5 : ARRANGEMENT OF DIRECTIONAL ARROWS IN DESCENDING ORDER

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Guide Signs Design And Application

PART THREE : LAYOUT DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF GUIDE SIGNS

3.1

General

3.4

The place names on all, guide signs shall be limited to those in Appendix B only. Except for directional signs within town limits, where the next state capital should be shown, all other guide signs shall show the next immediate place names as indicated in Appendix B.

3.2

3.3

Distance Signs Distance signs are signs which give a road user his route confirmation and distance information after leaving a city or municipality, and after maneuvering into a turning roadway or juntion leading to any of the place names listed in Appendix B when traveling on Highway and Expressway. Distance signs should be located at the following location :

Destination Signs Destination signs are signs which give a road user the information as to his route before he reaches a major turning roadway or junction leading to any of the place names listed in Appendix B when travelling on Highways and Expressways. They should be located at a distance lkm and 500m in advance of the turning roadways or junctions.

a)

200m from a turning roadway or 150m beyond an acceleration lane.

b)

100m outside the city or municipality limits or at the edge of the built-up districts.

c)

20km intervals along the route.

Layout design and application of destination signs are shown in Figure 3.1and Appendix D respectively.

Layout design and application of distance signs are shown Figure 3.3 and Appendix D respectively.

Directional Signs Directional signs are signs which give a road user his route information as he reaches a turning roadway or junction. Two types of directional sign are the stack type and the map type signs. Layout design and application of directional signs are shown in Figure 3.2 and Appendix D respectively.

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3.5

Information Signs Information signs are. signs which inform road users of the names of town and villages, recreational and historical/cultural places, the availability of facilities or services, and remind them of road etiquette, etc. that have very little or no relation to giving route information. Information signs may be either symbols or word messages, and shall be erected according to the nature of the information to be given. Types and uses of information signs are shown in Figure 3.4 to Figure 3.14.

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Guide Signs Design And Application

FIG 3.1 : LAYOUT DESIGN OF DESTINATION SIGNS LEGEND :

H : height of capital letter used. (Series I) a,b,c : Distances showing that words or symbols must be centralized.

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Guide Signs Design And Application

NOTE : 1) Not more than 4 names should be used in combination but only 2 names can be shown per route or direction. 2) Route numbers should he placed on the left side of place names. 3) Places of great interest that do not have their names listed in Appendix B such as Taman Negara, Genting Highlands, Desaru etc. may also be shown provided the routes to these places coincide with the routes to those listed ones. 4) Sign A and B are examples of destination signs at junctions wide Sign C is an example of destination signs at interchanges.

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Guide Signs Design And Application

FIG.3.2 LAYOUT DESIGN OF DIRECTIONAL SIGNS LEGEND : H : height of capital letter used. (Series I) a,b,c, d : Distances showing that words or symbols must be centralized.

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Guide Signs Design And Application

NOTE : 1) Not more than 5 names should be used in combination (except for round abouts with more than 6 legs) but only 2 names can be shown per direction. 2) Route numbers should be placed on the left side of place names. 3) Unlike on destination and distance signs, places of great interest that do not have their names listed in Appendix B may not be shown on directional signs. These places should be shown as information signs mounted on the same posts. ( see Fig. 3.2) 4) The destination shown per direction should be the next principal destination i.e the next state capital for those within a town limit, rather than a more distance one. If there are two destinations per direction, the nearer one should be placed on top of any other farther away. 5) A place name can only appear once on the same signs. 6) All directional signs on JKR roads leading to LLM expressways must be white letters /border/ symbol on green background as shown by Sign A 7) All directional sign on JKR roads leading is roads within a local council (local streets with street names) must have yellow letters for the street name as shown bellow by Sign B. 8) LLM expressway logo which is white in color should be shown and Iocated opposite the directional arrow on directional signs leading to LLM expressways.

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FIG. 3.2A :

Guide Signs Design And Application

AN EXAMPLE OF DIRECTIONAL SIGN AND INFORMATION SIGN MOUNTED THE SAME POSTS.

NOTE : 1) The example above shown a directional sign and on information sign (in this case a recreational area sign ) mounted on the same posts. 2) Information signs mounted this way must always adhere to the following requirements: a)

The height of the capital letter used should be equal to that used for the directional sign.

b)

The information sign must always be mounted below the directional sign. If there are more than one, the information signs should be placed on a separate panel whereby the anti-clockwise arrow convention should be followed.

Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

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Guide Signs Design And Application

FIG. 3.3 : LAYOUT DESIGN OF DISTANCE SIGNS LEGEND : H=

height of capital letter used (Series 1)

a,b = distances showing that words or symbols must be centralized.

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FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

Guide Signs Design And Application

NOTE : 1) Not more than 5 names should be used in combination but only 3 names can be shown per route. 2) Distances should be shown an the right side of place names. 3) On-the-route route marker should be attached to the top at the sign and on and off-the-route route number should be placed on the left side of the on and off-the route place names. 4) The nearer on-the-route destination should be placed as top of any on-the-route destination farther away. 5) Destination(s) with the nearer off-the-route junction should be placed on top of any destination with the off -the-route junction farther away. 6) Places of great interest that do not have their names listed in Appendix B such as Taman Negara, Genting Highlands, Desaru etc. may also be shown provided the routes to these places coincide with the routes to those listed ones. 7) Only the route marker attached to the top of the sign is required if there is no off-the-route placed names as shown above by sign A.

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Page 26

Guide Signs Design And Application

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3.6

Route Number Markers Route Number Markers are markers which identify and mark all numbered roads. They are used for identification of roads, for route confirmation and for guidance and reassurance along the road .In State roads, the route number markers should be initiated with the same alphabet designated on car registration numbers which has already been assigned for that particular state.

Unlike other guide signs, route markers are ordinarily incorporated in the shape of JKR logo, for Federal and State roads, and due to their application, have three fixed sizes. The relationship between sizes and other details of route markers is shown in Table 3.2. Layout design and application of route markers are shown in Figure 3.15 to Fig. 3.16 and Appendix D respectively.

TABLE 3.1 : INFORMATION SIGNS

TYPES

USES

1. GENERAL SERVICES SIGNS

In form road users of the availability of facilities or services such as petrol, telephone etc.

2. * RECREATIONAL OR HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL INTEREST AREA SIGNS 3. RIVER NAME SIGNS

Inform road users of the names of and directions to these places.

4. TOWN OR VILLAGE NAME SIGNS 5. * GOVERNMENT BUILDING SIGNS

Inform road users of the names of towns/Villages Inform road users of the names of and directions to these buildings such as Sri Perdana , Kementerian Kerjaraya etc.

6. MESSAGE SIGNS

Normally give advices or reminders to road users in the form of messages such as 'IKUT KIRI JIKA TIDAK MEMOTONG', ' KENDERAAN BERAT IKUT KIRI; etc. Used only to indicate existing or potentially extreme hazardous condition and should only be applied where deemed necessary.

7. WARNING MESSAGE SIGNS

Inform road users of the name of rivers

NOTE : * THESE SIGNS MAY BE PLACED ON THE SAME POSTS AS DIRECTIONAL SIGNS BUT THEY MUST NEVER BE PLACED ON TOP OF ANY DIRECTIONAL SIGN . Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

Page 27

Guide Signs Design And Application

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

FIG. 3.4 LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGN GENERAL 2. SERVICE SIGN

NOTE : Also shown in Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2A/84

SPECIFICATION COLOUR

LETTER/SYMBOL AND BORDER.

MATERIAL

LETTERING

PLACEMENT

White Height Intensity retro- reflective sheeting

BACKGROUND

Blue

BACKING FRAME

Light Grey (No. 631 B.S.381C)

Aluminium (HS-30wp)

POST

Black and WhiteStripes (B.S.873)

Steel (B.S.1387).

Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

Series 1 To be located where and Lower Case. ever Capital letter necessary. Height : 100mm.

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Guide Signs Design And Application

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FIG. 3.5 : LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGNS 3. RECREATIONAL OR HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL INTEREST AREA SIGN

SPECIFICATION COLOUR LETTER / SYMBOL AND BORDER.

BACKGROUND

MATERIAL

LETTERING

PLACEMENT

Sign A : Series 1 and Lower Case. Height Intensity Capital letter retro-reflective height : refer to sheeting but Table 2.2. Engineering Grade retroreflective sheetSign A : White. Signs ing for background 1, 2,3 & 4 : White, (recreational signs). Signs 5,6,7 & 8 : Blue. ( service signs)

To be located where ever necessary, as shown in Fig. D.10 in Appendix D and Fig. 3.2A

Sign A : Green. Signs 1, 2,3 & 4 : Green, (recreational signs). Signs 5,6,7 & 8 : White. ( service signs)

BACKING FRAME

Light grey (No. 631B.S.381C)

Aluminium (HS 30-wp)

POST

Black and WhiteStripes (B.S.873)

Steel (B.S.1387) or equivalent

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Page 29

Guide Signs Design And Application

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

FIG. 3.6 : LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGNS

SPECIFICATION COLOUR

MATERIAL

LETTER/SYMBOL AND BORDER.

White

BACKGROUND

Blue

BACKING FRAME

Light Grey (No.631 B.S.381C)

Aluminium (HS 30-wp)

POST

Black and white stripes (B.S.873)

Steel (B.S.1387) or equivalent

LETTERING

High Intensity retro-reflective sheeting.

PLACEMENT To be located with recreational or historical and cultural interest area signs only (see Fig.3.4)

SPECIFICATION COLOUR

MATERIAL

LETTER/SYMBOL AND BORDER.

Green

BACKGROUND

White

High Intensity retroreflective sheeting but Engineering Grade retro-reflective sheeting for the background.

BACKING FRAME

Light Grey (No.631 B.S.381C)

Aluminium (HS 30-wp)

POST

Black and white stripes (B.S.873)

Steel (B.S.1387) or equivalent

Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

LETTERING PLACEMENT To located with recreational or historical and cultural interest area signs only (see Fig.3.4)

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Guide Signs Design And Application

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

FIG. 3.7 : LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGNS

SPECIFICATION COLOUR

MATERIAL

LETTER/SYMBOL AND BORDER.

White

BACKGROUND

Green

BACKING FRAME

Light Grey (No.631 B.S.381C)

Aluminium (HS 30-wp)

POST

Black and white stripes (B.S.873)

Steel (B.S.1387) or equivalent

Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

High Intensity retro-reflective sheeting.

LETTERING

PLACEMENT

Series 1 and Lower Case Capital Letter Height : 100mm

To be located with recreational or historical and cultural interest area signs only (see Fig.3.4)

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Guide Signs Design And Application

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

FIG. 3.8: LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGN

SPECIFICATION COLOUR

MATERIAL

LETTER/SYMBOL AND BORDER.

Black

BACKGROUND

White

BACKING FRAME

Light Grey (No.631 B.S.381C)

Aluminium (HS 30-wp)

POST

Black and white stripes (B.S.873)

Steel (B.S.1387) or equivalent

Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

High Intensity retro-reflective sheeting.

LETTERING

PLACEMENT

Series 1 and To be located where Lower Case ever Capital Letter necessary Height : 300mm

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Guide Signs Design And Application

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

FIG.3-9 : LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGN

SPECIFICATION COLOUR

MATERIAL

LETTER/SYMBOL AND BORDER.

Yellow

BACKGROUND

Green

BACKING FRAME

Light Grey (No.631 B.S.381C)

Aluminium (HS 30-wp)

POST

Black and white stripes (B.S.873)

Steel (B.S.1387) or equivalent

Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

High Intensity retro-reflective sheeting.

LETTERING Series 1 and Lower Case Capital Letter Height : refer to Table 2.2

PLACEMENT To be located where ever necessary

Page 33

Guide Signs Design And Application

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

FIG. 3.10 . LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGN

SPECIFICATION COLOUR

MATERIAL

LETTER/SYMBOL AND BORDER.

White

BACKGROUND

Blue

BACKING FRAME

Light Grey (No.631 B.S.381C)

Aluminium (HS 30-wp)

POST

Black and white stripes (B.S.873)

Steel (B.S.1387) or equivalent

Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

High Intensity retro-reflective sheeting.

LETTERING

PLACEMENT

Series 2 Capital To be located where Letter Height : ever refer to Table 2.2 necessary

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FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

Guide Signs Design And Application

FIG. 3.11 LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGNS (EXAMPLES OF MESSAGE SIGNS )

Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

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Guide Signs Design And Application

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

FIG. 3.12 : LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGNS

SPECIFICATION COLOUR

MATERIAL

LETTER/SYMBOL AND BORDER.

White

BACKGROUND

Red

BACKING FRAME

Light Grey (No.631 B.S.381C)

Aluminium (HS 30-wp)

POST

Black and white stripes (B.S.873)

Steel (B.S.1387) or equivalent

Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

High Intensity retro-reflective sheeting.

LETTERING

PLACEMENT

Series 2 Capital To be located at Letter Height : hazardous locations refer to Table 2.2 only.

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FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

Guide Signs Design And Application

FIG-3.13 : LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGNS (EXAMPLES OF WARNING MESSAGE SIGNS)

Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

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Guide Signs Design And Application

FIG. 3.14: LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGNS ( EXAMPLES OF WARNING MESSAGE SIGNS )

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Guide Signs Design And Application

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TABLE 3.2 DETAILS OF ROUTE NUMBER MARKERS

SIZE OF ROUTE MARKERS (mm)

APPLICATION NO. OF LETTER TYPE OF LETTER WIDTH OF ROUTE NUMERALS & HEIGHT ROADS SPACING (m) NUMBER ALPHABETS (mm) MARKERS

FEDERAL

1. Type A 600mm x 450mm

1 or 2 Numerals

300

Medium

3 Numerals

180

Narrow

1 Numeral & 1 Alphabet

To be attached to the top of distance signs STATE

2 Numerals & 1 Alphabet 3 Numerals & 1 Alphabet

FEDERAL

2. Type B 400mm x 300mm

To be placed / pasted on destination, directional, distance and gantry sign faces

STATE

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180

Medium

Narrow

1 or 2 Numerals

100

Medium

3 Numerals

110

Narrow

1 Numerals & 1 Alphabet

100

Medium

2 Numerals & 1 Alphabet

120

Narrow

100

1 or 2 Numerals 1 Numeral 1 Alphabet

150

2 Numerals & 1 Alphabet 3 Numerals

90

7.5mm (7.5mm set in)

Narrow

140

3 Numerals & 1 Alphabet

To be mounted FEDERAL 3. Type C on Type A and MAJOR 300mm x 215mm Type C Kilometer STATE posts.

300

5.0mm (5.0mm set in)

Narrow

Medium 3.75mm (3.75mm set in ) Medium

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Guide Signs Design And Application

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FIG. 3.15

LAYOUT DESIGN OF ROUTE NUMBER MARKERS

SPECIFICATION COLOUR LETTER/SYMBOL AND BORDER.

White

BACKGROUND

Red

Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

MATERIAL High Intensity retro-reflective sheeting.

LETTERING

PLACEMENT

Series 2 Capital Refer to table 3.2 Letter Height : refer to Table 3.2

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FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

Guide Signs Design And Application

FIG. 3.16 : LAYOUT DESIGN OF ROUTE NUMBER MARKERS

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Guide Signs Design And Application

APPENDIX A Standard letterings and Symbol

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Guide Signs Design And Application

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Guide Signs Design And Application

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Guide Signs Design And Application

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TABLE A-1 UNIT LETTER WIDTH, SPACING, CONSTANTS, MOSAIC WIDTH LOWER CASE

SERIES 1

Alphabet

K1

K

W1

W

A B

0.04 0.13

0,04 0.11

1.00 1.09 0.80 1.04

a b

0.15 0.25 0.25 0.15

0.63 0.63

1.03 1.03

C 0

0.11 0.13

0.08 0.11

0.80 0.99 0.80 1.04

c d

0.15 0.15

0.16 0.25

0.63 0.63

0.94 1.03

E F G

0.13 0.13 0.11

0.08 0.08 0.11

0.74 0.74 0.80

0.95 0.95 1.03

e f g

0.15 0.11 0.15

0.16 0.15 0.15

0.63 0.41 0.63

0.94 0.67 1.03

H I J K L

0.13 0.13 0.04 0.13 0.13

0.13 0.13 0.13 0.08 0.04

0.80 0.17 0.75 0.81 0.74

1.06 0.44 0.93 1.02 0.91

h i j k l

0.25 0.25 0.05 0.25 0.25

0.25 0.25 0.25 0.10 0.25

0.63 0.19 0.38 0.63 0.19

1.13 0.67 0.68 0.98 0.69

M N

0.13 0.13

0.13 0.13

0.92 0.80

1.19 1.07

m n

0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25

1.05 0.63

1.56 1.13

0 P

0.11 0.13

0.11 0.11

0.80 0.80

1.03 1.04

o p

0.15 0.15 0.25 0.15

0.63 0.63

0.93 1.03

Q

0.11

0.11

0.83

1.06

q

0.15 0.25

0.63

1.03

R S T U V W X Y Z

0.13 0.11 0.04 0.13 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.04 0.13

0.11 0.11 0.04 0.13 0.04 0.04 0.88 0.04 0,11

0.80 0.80 0.74 0.80 0.91 1.05 0.86 1.00 0.80

1.04 1.03 0.82 1.06 0.99 1.14 1.02 1.09 1.04

r s t u v w x y z

0.25 0.13 0.13 0.25 0.11 0.11 0.15 0.15 0.16

0.48 0.63 0.49 0.63 0.75 0.94 0.75 0.81 0.63

0.83 0.88 0.76 1.13 0.98 1.17 1.01 1.04 0.95

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W1

W

Alphabet K1

K

0.10 0.13 0.15 0.25 0.11 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.16

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Guide Signs Design And Application

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TABLE A.2 UNIT NUMERAL WIDTH, SPACING CONSTANT, MOSAIC WIDTH SERIES 1

NUMERAL

K1

K2

W1

1

0.13

0.1.3

0.30

0.56

2

0.11

0.11

0.80

1.01

3

0.11

0.11

0.80

1.01

4

0.01

0.01

0.92

1.01

5

0.11

0.11

0.80

1.01

6

0.11

0.11

0.80

1.01

7

0.04

0.04

0.80

1.01

8

0.11

0.11

0.80

1.01

9

0.11

0.11

0.80

1.01

0

0.11

0. 11

0.83

1.04

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W

Page 46

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

H = height of lettering Series 1 Hm

Guide Signs Design And Application

To obtain the required size of letters and mosaics, multiply the values from the tables by the desired height

= height of mosaic e.g H = 200mm for number ‘3' above

HU and Hb

= spacing constants defined as in figure above.

W = k1 + k2 + W1 w1 W

= unit letter width = unit mosaic width

k1 and k2

= unit spacing constants.

Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

Width of the numeral : w1 (200) = 0.80 x 200 = 160mm Width of the mosaic: W(200) = 1.01 x 200 = 202mm Height of the mosaic : Hm = ¼ (200) + 200 + ½ (200) = 350mm

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FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

Guide Signs Design And Application

EXAMPLE 1 : Series 1 for non -- place names.

For letter 'U' ( Series 1 ) H - 250mm

',' Width of letter mosaic W(250) = K1 (250) + K2 (250) + W1 (250) = 32.5 + 32.5 + 200 = 265mm

',' Height of letter mosaic Hm = Hu + H + Hb = ¼ (250) + 250 + ½ (250) = 437.5mm > 438mm

CHECK : Width of unit letter mosaic W

K1 from Table A1 = 0.13 ',' K1(250) for 250mm letter height of 'U' = 0.13 x 250 = 32.5mm K2 from Table A.1 = 0.13 ',' K2(250) for 250mm letter height of 'U' = 0.13 x 250 = 32.5mm

For H

= K1 +K2+W1 = 0.13 + 0.13 + 0.80 = 1.06 = 250m, W(250) = 1.06 x 250 = 265mm

Size of mosaic for letter 'U' = 438 x 265mm Repeat for letters 'S' and 'R'.

w1 from Table A.1 = 0.80 ',' w1(250) for 250mm letter height of 'U' = 0.80 x 250 = 200 mm

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Guide Signs Design And Application

EXAMPLE 2 : Series 1 & Lower Case for place names.

For letter 'K' ( Series 1 )

CHECK : Width of unit letter mosaic

H - 250mm ',' Height of letter mosaic Hm = Hu + H + Hb = ¼ (250) + 250 + ½ (250) = 437.5mm > 438mm

W = K1 +K2+W1 = 0.13 + 0.08 + 0.81 = 1.02

K1 from Table A1 = 0.13 ',' K1 (250) for 250mm letter height of 'K' = 0.13 x 250 = 32.5mm K2 from Table A.1 = 0.08 ',' K2 (250) for 250mm letter height of 'K' = 0.08 x 250 = 20mm w1 from Table A.1 = 0.81 ',' w1 (250) for 250mm letter height of 'K' = 0.81 x 250 = 202.5 mm ',' Width of letter mosaic W(250) = K1 (250) + K2 (250) + W1 (250)

For H = 250m, W(250) = 1.02 x 250 = 255mm Size of mosaic for letter 'K' = 438 x 265mm

For Letter 'a' ( Lower Case ) H = 250mm Hm = 438mm (must be the same as for the letter 'K') K1 from Table A1 = 0.15 ',' K1 (250) for 250mm letter height of 'K', 'a' = 0.15 x 250 = 37.5mm

= 32.5 + 20 + 202.5 = 255mm

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K2 from Table A.1 = 0.25 ',' K2 (250) for 250mm letter height of 'K', 'a' = 0.25 x 250 = 62.5mm w1 from Table A.1 = 0.63 ',' w1 (250) for 250mm letter height of 'K', 'a' = 0.63 x 250 = 157.5 mm ',' Width of letter mosaic W(250) = K1 (250) + K2 (250) + W1 (250) = 37.5 + 62.5 + 157.5 = 257.5mm