Apuntes PSICOLOGIA EVOLUTIVA

 

Jpbrtas fan psmibj`ênmsms pjrj nj ibkpra`smù` fa nj jfbnasia`imj  Erauf   Kbka`tb fa fasib`bimkma`tb y a`mgkêib.   Kbka`tb

Nj iunturj m`euya a` an suoatb, parb astb sa fmvarsmij j pjrr fa trj`sirmpimb`as sm`gunjras, as faimr `b as sbnjka`ta nj dmstbrmj nb qua rapariuta, sm`b qua nb dmstùrmib iunturjn sa a`trairuzj ib` nb sm`gunjr fan m`fmvmfub. Fa astj sm`gunjrmfjf pjrta an psmibj`ênmsms . Yuoatb suoatjfb jn Mii . Asta fasiulrmkma` fasiulrmkma`tb tb fan Mii prbvbij prbvbij u`j rupturj apmstakbnùgmij apmstakbnùgmij.. Yurga ibkb u`j darmfj `jrimsmstj, yj qua an dbklra sa sma`ta sblarj`b fa su prbpmj jnkj pa`sj`fb qua an ]b a`a njs `bimjs ib`jlnas parb an psmibj`ênmsms prbpusb qua an ]b `b as jkb fa su prbpmj ijsj, djy u`j pjrta j`ëkmij-psëqu j`ëkmij-psëqumij mij biuntj. An suoatb suoatb fan psmibj`ênms psmibj`ênmsms ms as u` suoatb fan Mii. Yuoatb fa fasab Mii. Xjrj an suoatb `b pbfakbs ib`u`fmr suoatb fa m`fmvmfub, asta ÿnkb as m`fmvmsb as u`j u`mfjf ibkpjitj. ibkpj itj. Xbr asb ibrraspb`fa ibrraspb`fa djlnjr djlnjr fa suoatb suoatb ib` sus fmvmsmb`as fmvmsmb`as astruiturjnas astruiturjnas,, suoatb suoatb ljrrjfb. An fasab gujrfj ranjimù` ib` an Btrb qua parta`aia j u`j iunturj. A`tb`ias an suoatb fan Mii astê suoatjfb j u`j astruiturj qua nb fatarkm`j, parb jtrjvasjfb pbr ib`taxtb iunturjn, sa ib`stuya j pjrr fan Btrb sbimjn . An ib`taxtb apbijn ragunj an gbia, kbfb a` nbs qua nj punsmù` sa sjsjia. Dby pbr aoakpnb ípbij fa ib`sukb m`kafmjtb. Gbzjr sm` nëkmtas. Jn jfbnasia`ta sa na mkpb`a rajnmzjr u` trjljob psëqumib, pjrj astb iua`tj ib` su prbpmj astruiturj y njs darrjkma`tjs iunturjnas , pbr aoakpnb, sjlaras sbimjnas, kÿsmij, pbnëij. ²Zu Zuí í biur biurra ra a` an obva obva` `2 Q`j puas puastj tj a` fasbr fasbrfa`, fa`, prbkatafbr prbkatafbr fa `uavb brfa`. Q`j brgj`mzjimù` `uavj. Asta fasbrfa` pb`a a` kbvmkma`tb u` aseuarzb fa trjljob psëqumib . Asta ijklmb prbvma`a fa fms`tjs ua`tas? ijklmbs ibrpbrjnas, dmstbrmj parsb`jn, ranjimb`as ib` nbs pjras y emj., trj`skmsmù` ga`arjimb`jn (fa rapa`ta an jfbnasia`ta puafa sar dmob y pjfra j nj vaz, y su pjfra jluanb). Mrrukpa u` trjljob fa smklbnmzjimù`. An jfbnasia`ta prmkarb `aiasmtj fasbrfa`jrsa pjrj irajrsa. Astb jpu`tj tjklmí` jn smstakj jkmnmjr y sbimjn. Jngu`bs raara`tas fa mfa`fjf sb` kbfmijfbs b rasmg`mijfbs, ao. nj parta`a`imj j u` gí`arb. Nbs `axbs ib` an iuarpb fa nj m`j`imj y ranjimb`as bloatjnas a`trj` a` u` prbiasb fa rasmg`mijimù` a dmstbrmzjimù` . Astb ÿnkb mkpnmij qua ijfj fjtb bloavb m`inuya j u` suoatb qua na fj sa`fb j nbs ava`tbs. Fasfa asta pu`tb fa vmstj `b djy u`j ib``umfjf a`tra pjsjfb prasa`ta y uturb, `b djy nm`a nm`ajn jnmf mfjf jf kês kês lm lma` a` kbvmk kbvmkma`tb ma`tb aspmrjnjfb aspmrjnjfb. Njij` Njij` fmia an pj pjsj sjfb fb as dm dmst stbr brmz mzjf jfb b a` an prasa` pra sa`ta. ta. Xsmibj Xsmibj`ên `ênmsm msmss m`trbf m`trbfuia uia ib`iap ib`iaptbs tbs ibkb ibkb sarmas sarmas ibkpna ibkpnaka` ka`tjr tjrmjs mjs,, rag ragras rasmù` mù` y ratrbjiimù`,ao. Q` sagu`fb apmsbfmb puafa rasmg`mijr u`b j`tarmbr. An psmibj`ênmsms `b `magj nj takpbrjnmfjf irb`bnùgmij, sm`b qua djia dm`ijpmí jn akpb nùgmib. nùgmi b. ²Zuí `bs fms`gua fa nbs j`mkjnas2 Na`gujoa y saxujnmfjf (`b ga`mtjnmfjf) 

Dukj`b? punsmù`/nmlmfb qua lbrfaj u` bloatb y sa sjsjia pjrimjnka`ta.

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J`mkjn? m`s`tb, fb`fa pjrj ijfj `aiasmfjf djy u` bloatb. As nm`ajn.

Djy u`j sjsejiimù` brmgm`jrmjka`ta parfmfj . A` nj jfbnasia`imj ibkb a` btrjs atjpjs astê nj

jntj jntj ib`stj ib`stj`ta `ta,, astj astj sjsj sjsjiim iimù` ù` parfmf parfmfj. j. Astb Astb a` an jfb jfbnas nasia` ia`ta ta sa va mkpuns mkpunsjfb jfb pbr nj „kuarta fa su `múaz, iuarpb m`j`ta parfmfb‛. Ybnb sm djy jngb qua sa parfmù sa puafa fasajr .

 

Uë`iunb `aiasjrmb a`tra kjfra-dmob qua fala fjr pjsb j u`j sapjrjimù` pbr u` tariarb. Ya m`trbfuia jngb `uavb qua mrrukpa y djy u` rabrfa`jkma`tb pbr nj m`tarva`imù` pjtar`j. Xrbdmlmimù` afëpmij.  Erauf ulmij fbs bnajfjs fa saxujnmfjf. (Vaxtb Katjkbrbsms fa nj pulartjf‛)  A` nj kbfar`mfjf sjlakbs qua jfbnasia`imj rakmta j u`j ib`struiimù` sbimjn y `b jngb rëgmfj rëgmfjka ka`ta `ta u`mvar u`mvarsjn sjn.. Erauf Erauf asijsj asijsjka` ka`ta ta `bk `bklrj lrjlj lj an tírkm` tírkm`b, b, sa raarë raarëj j kjs lma` lma` j pulartjf. ] a`jzj nj sagu`fj bnajfj raspaitb j astj atjpj. Nbs ijklmbs quafj` ulmijfbs j `mvan suloavb. Xjrj an psmibj`ênmsms `b sbnb djy ijklmbs fasjrrbnnb rbnnb a`a qua var ib` nj suloavmfjf. A` tbfb ijklmb sa lmbnùgmibs lmbnù gmibs y irb`bnùgmibs irb`bnùgmibs,, an fasjr m`inuya j u` suoatb, djy jnguma` qua suloavj. A` ijfj daidb djy jnguma` qua na fj sa`fb.   A` an iursb fa nj saxujnmfjf djy fbs kbka`tbs mkpbrtj`tas. A`tra nbs < y 1 júbs sa fj u`b ibkb j`taiafa`ta fan sagu`fb qua sa fasjrrbnnj a`tra nbs :: y :6. A` asta sagu`fb kbka`tb sa prbfuia u`j rabrgj`mzjimù` ranjimb`jfj j nj sulbrfm`jimù` fa njs punsmb`as pjrimjnas y nuagb djnnjzgb fa bloatb . Ib` an jfva`mkma`tb fa nj pulartjf sa m`trbfuia` nbs ijklmbs, djy u` rasurg rasurgmr mr fa nb punsmb punsmb`jn `jn.. Ib` nj sagu`f sagu`fj j bna bnajfj jfj sa raj rajitu itujnm jnmzj` zj` njs j` j`tjs tjsëjs ëjs afë afëpmi pmijs js m`iastubsjs ib` an ijklmb punsmb`jn prbvbij`fb u`j j`gusj fa iunpj. Xbr nj kjfurj kjfurjimù imù` ` lmbnùg lmbnùgmij mij u` jfb jfbnas nasia` ia`ta ta pua puafa fa djiar djiar usb fa sus ga`arjna ga`arjnass pjr pjrj j nj raprbfuiimù`. A`tb`ias, nj nmlmfb sa brgj`mzj a` u`imù` fa nj ga`mtjnmfjf, parb jdbrj sa trjtj fa u` suoatb ib` u` iuarpb pbta`ta pjrj rajnmzjr sus fasabs saxujnas. Ym` akljrgb, djy qua ta`ar a` iua`tj qua astb `b sa fj sm` anaiimù` fa bloatb, as faimr, sm` anaiimù` fa u` bloatb fmara`ta jn bloatb afëpmib b m`iastubsb fa nj prmkarj m`j`imj. Ya pjsj fa u`j jiimù` fa bloatb prmkjrmj j u`j anaiimù` axbgêkmij falmfb j nj ib`saiua`imj fa nj prbdmlmimù` fan m`stutb.  Xbr praiaptbs praiaptbs kbrjnas sa axpnmij axpnmij nj anaiim anaiimù` ù` fa nbs pjrma`tas pjrma`tas ib`sj`guë`abs ibkb bloatb fa jkbr. Astj ljrrarj as u`j axmga`imj iunturjn fa nj sbimafjf pbrqua oustjka`ta as nb qua `bs parkmta nj a`trjfj j nj sbimafjf y `bs quafjr`bs a`iarrjfbs a` nbs vë`iunbs prmkjrmbs. Erauf `b trjtj j nj pulartjf ibkb katjkbrbsms ibrpbrjn (qua tjklmí` nb as) sm`b qua sa biupj fa jngb qua djia katjkbrbsms a` asa kbka`tb, fa jngb qua ijklmj a` asa kbka`tb j `mvan suloavb.   Nj katjkbrbsms fa njs katjs saxujnas y fa nj anaiimù` fa bloatb, njs fbs ibsjs vj` fa nj kj`b. Yaújnj ibkb mkpbrtj`ta nj rau`mù` fa njs fbs ibrrma`tas a` ranjimù` jn bloatb nj saxujn y nj ar`j. J pjrr fa nj fasaskjimù` fa njs ej`tj ej`tjsëjs sëjs m`iastubsjs m`iastubsjs sa nbgrj u`b fa nbs kjybras nbgrbs nbg rbs psëqumi psëqumibs bs y u`b fa nbs kês fbnbrb fbnbrbsb, sb, asa nbgrb ib`smsta a` an fasjsmkma`tb fa nj jutbrmfjf fa nbs prbga`mtbras.  Astb qua parkmta nj sjnmfj axbgêkmij as u`b fa nbs nbgrbs iunturjnas kês mkpbrtj`tas, j pjrr fa astb nj sbimafjf iraia y sa a`rmquaia. Jn djlar astj sjnmfj axbgêkmij an jfbnasia`ta sjna j nj sbimafjf y astj sa a`rmquaia. Nj J as ib`smfarjfj ibkb nj raspuastj fan suoatb j astj sjnmfj axbgêkmij y j astj `uavj bnajfj fa nj saxujnmfjf. Jpbrtas pbsraufmj`bs Ljrrmb`uavb  fmia fmia qu qua a nj J pu puaf afa a sa sarr a`ta a`ta`f `fmf mfj j ibkb ibkb an akpb akpb fa tr trjk jkmt mtji jimù mù` ` fa nj

katjkbr katjk brbsm bsmss fa nj pulart pulartjf, jf, as faimr, faimr, qua asta akpb sarëj nb qua sa prasa` prasa`tj tj ibkb ibkb kj`mastjimù` qua fa`u`imj nb trjukêib fa nj saxujnmfjf a` tj`tb fmia fa jngb qua `b puafa

 

faimrsa a` pjnjlrjs. Axmga u` trjljob fa ranjlbrjimù`, asa akpb as an fa nj J. Ya ib`struya u`j raspuastj j nj pragu`tj ²Zuí sby2 Djy jngb qua smakpra sa `bs asijpj, jngb qua `b sa sjla y pbr astb nj saxujnmfjf as frjkêij. Nb qua `b puafa faimrsa a` pjnjlrjs djlnj fa u`j ejntj a` nb rajn . Nb qua asijpj j nj pbsmlmnmfjf fa sar pa`sjfb nb qua asijpj j nj pjnjlrj,  j nj raprasa`tjimù` b smklbnmzjimù`. Vbmkmn prbpb`a qua an jib`taimkma`tb fa nbs ijklmbs ibrpbrjnas kjrij u` akpb u`fjimb`jn

qua m`jugurj nj pbsmlmnmfjf fa gastjimù` fa u` `uavb sar. Mkpnmij vírsanjs ib` jngb qua `b sa sjla y astb as nb trjukêib. Njs trj`sebrkjimb`as a`a` qua var ib` an surgmkma`tb s urgmkma`tb fan arbskb ga`mjn, nj ra`bvjimù` fa nj prbdmlmimù` fan m`iastb, an fasjsmkma`tb (fasjpagb) fa nj jutbrmfjf fa nbs pjfras y an djnnjzgb fa bloatb b an raa`iua`trb. Katêebrj fa nj nj`gbstj , Erj`çbmsa Fbntù. Jfbnasia`imj ibkb atjpj fa kutjimù`. An m`saitb

pmarfa su asquanatb axtar`b, kufj. Iuj`fb astb biurra sa biuntj` djstj brkjr su `uavb ijpjrjzù`, sm kma`trjs sb` vun`arjlnas raimla` gbnpas quafj` darmfjs pjrj smakpra, imijtrmias mklbrrjlnas. Yagÿ` J``j Erauf as fmimn saújnjr an nëkmta a`tra nb `brkjn y pjtbnùgmib a` astj atjpj. Ym` akljrgb, sarmj j`brkjn nj prasa`imj fa u` aqumnmlrmb astjlna a` astj atjpj, as u` kbka`tb fa turluna`imj. Kjurmimb C`blan (Jrg.) nj J `b puafa sar u`j atjpj astjlna, jquë sa fasjrrbnnj u`j a`fjf

sakm-pjtbnùgmij? së`frbka `brkjn fa nj jfbnasia`imj , sma`fb parturljfbr pjrj jfuntbs, parb `aiasjrmb pjrj an jfbnasia`ta. Yë`frbka as u` ib`ou`tb fa së`tbkjs. :8 ib`fuitjs qua C`blan j`jnmzj? :.