Apuntes Geometria Descriptiva

 

 

Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh Sèeklh 8

WLKAHA K Kltriauddkôl h `h Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh.

@h Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh.

Egiogtrïh>   Gs  `h dkgldkh qug tkglg pir imngti gstuakhr `hs  pripkgahags ag `hs birohs qug tkglgl `is  dugrpis y `hs ogakahs ag su gxtglskôl. Egio Eg iogt gtrï rïhh agsd agsdrk rkpt ptkv kvh> h>    Gs `h dkgldkh akmuni qug  gstuakh, agsdrkmg g kltgrprgth birohs qug  prgsglthl `is dugrpis gl akbgrgltgs piskdkilgs  rgspgdti ag imsgrvhair.

ag` `hs `hs ul

@h Egiogtrïh agsdrkptkvh y su vkldu`hdkôl dil `h dilstruddkôl.

ul skstgoh  ag priygddkilgs oþ`t `tkkp`gs6 akdji skstgoh pgroktïh hprgdkhr `h ohyir dhltkaha piskm iskm`g `g ag  vg vgra raha hagr grhs hs ohel ohelktktua uags gs `k`kl lgh`g gh`gss y hleu`hrgs, skl  lgdgskaha ag gop`ghr `hs ohtgoètkdhs6 gstg  rgdursi sg aglioklô "Tkstgoh ag  priygddkôl kôl akëarkdi kdi ".   Dil g` piagr su  eglki, g`gvô sus gstuakis h dils di lska kagr grhd hdki kilg lgss egio egioët ëtrk rkdh dhss  oès oès hm hmst strh rhdt dths hs y, h`  oksoi tkgopi, ````g gvi h prkl klddkpkis skop`gs y eglgrh`gs,  `is akbgrgltgs pridgakokgltis egierèbkdis gop`ghais  jhsth gltildgs ag oiais akvgrsis g klagpglakgltgs, gl `hs hrtgs ag `h birtkbkdhdkôl, ag` trhzi ag dhoklis y dhlh`gs, ag `h diltrhddkôl hrquktgdtôlkdh gl `h gstgrgitioïh8  , ag `h pkgarh y `h ohagrh.

 Hltgdgagltgs .

@is jgdjis agougstrhl gl `is hltkeuis

oiluogltis y hrquktgdtôlkdis, qug g` usi ag gsdu`tôrkdis ` hs priygddkilgs `hs grh dilidkai agsag ouy rgoiths ëpidhs6 mhsth dioi tgstkoilki ogldkilhr g` p`hli erhmhai gl g` thm`gri ag `h gsthtuh sgagltg ag Euagh, g` rgy hrquktgdti ag Tkrpu`h (=.733 høis h.D.), g` duh` rgprgsglth `h p`hlth ag` rgdklti ag` tgop`i Lklekrsu. Sgri gs jhdkh bklgs ag` ske`i ZRK ag duhlai sg tkglg litkdkhs ag h`eþl trhthai dildrgti simrg g` trhzi ag g`gogltis dilstrudtkvis gl `h imrh ag Bk`kmgrti ag K Irog i, ul pidi agspuës, gl `h imrh ag Niussg tktu`hah Tgdrgtis ag `h hrquktgdturh, pugsth gltildgs h` h`dhldg ag ulis duhltis klkdkhais. Gl `h  gsdug`h ag` Eglki Ok`kthr ag Oëzkgrgs gs ailag,  h ogakhais ag` ske`i ZRKKK, sg klkdkh `h  glsgøhlzh ag `hs priygddkilgs hp`kdhahs prkldkph`ogltg  h `h birtkbkdhdkôl, pgroktkglai hsï  gsthm`gdgr `is vgrahagris g`gogltis ag ulh lugvh dkgldkh> `h ‐Egi ‐E giog ogtr trïh ïh agsdr gsdrkp kptktkvvh‟  dioi ioi rg rgssu` u`th tha ais ag `is trhmhnis  sudgskvis ag k`ustrgs klv klvgstkehairgs gltr trg g  `is `is duh`gs sg agsthdhl Djhtk``il, Aumuht,  Oguslkgr pgri ouy gspgdkh`ogltg h` Ohtgoètkdi brhldës ukg gl ags gshr hrri ri````ô ô ul oët ëtia iai i Ehsp Eh sphr hra a Oile Oilegg,  quk erèbkdi qug  pgroktïh akoglskilhr `is dirtgs ag pkgarh  qug sg gop`ghmhl phrh `h dilstru truddkôl ag  bugrtgs tgs ok`kthr thrgs, ogakhltg

Ehsphra Oileg (8512-8:8:). G` ohtgoètkdi brhldës Ehsphra Oileg bug g` drghair ag `h egiogtrïh agsdrkptkvh. Tus klvgstkehdkilgs simrg `h durvhturh ag `hs supgrbkdkgs dilstktuygril `h mhsg ag `is trhmhnis ag` ohtgoètkdi ohtgoètkdi h`goèl Dhrt Brkgarkdj Ehuss gl gsg dhopi.

Oileg Oile g `i `ier erh h  pria priaud udkr kr hq hqug ug````hs hs sgrk sgrkg g ag trhz trhzis is diop`kdhais y  akvgrsis, h sgldk``hs diomklhdkilgs ag  `ïlghs, drghlai hsï vgraha vgr ahagrh grhogl ogltg tg `h ‐Eg ‐Egiog iogtrïh trïh Ags Agsdrk drkptk ptkvh‟ vh‟ gl sus ais  hspgdtis tis>   rhdkilh`   i   gs gspg pgdu du`h `htktkvi vi y  tëd tëdlk lkddi i  prèd prèdtktkddi, y,   pir prkogrh vgz gl 85;7 sg ag gltèm`gsg Shrks,  glglbi`h roGsdug`h h ogtôaSi`ktëdlkdh kdh y dildrgth, `h glsgøhlzh ag  gsth lugvh dkgldkh, agspuës ag `is  glshyis y gxpgrkgldkhs jgdjis gl Oëzkgrgs.

 

pkgarhs y ohagrhs. ). b. b. Hrtg  Hrtg ag dirthr 8 gstgrgitioïh. (Ag gstgrgi- y -tioïh -tioïh). Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh Sèeklh =

 Hul duhlai  li gs g` imngti ag gsth mrgvg gxpi gx pisk skddkô kôl l g`  jhd hdgr gr jks ksti tirk rkh h agth agth````ha hah h ag gst sth h rhoh ag  `h egiogtrïh, sk gs lgdgshrki rgdirahr qug  agspuës ag Oileg diltklþhl g`hmirhlai prkvk`gekhais  th`gltis, gltrg qukglgs bkeurhl  gl prkogrh `ïlgh Jhdjgttg, @gri @g riy, y, ag  `h Eg Egiu iuog ogrk rkg, g, Egr grei eill llg, g, Djh jhs` s`g gs, Ttgklgr, Tthua,  y itris6 pgri ouy gspgdkh`ogltg g`  eglki Sildg`gt g` k`ustrg prkskilgri ag  Thrhtibb, qukgl, h `h siomrh ag su dhutkvgrki drgh `h ‐egiogtrïh priygdtkvh". Gl `h  `hmir aidgltg, agltri ag gsth dkgldkh, sg akstkleug  pir su priygddkôl akaèdtkdh ag` oès h`ti  vh`ir, ohgstris dioi    Hajgohr,  Hajgohr, Sk``g Sk``gt, t, Nh Nhvh vhry  ry  ,  qug nulti dil `is agakdhais, h itrhs rhohs  ag glsgøhlzh dioi   Euhagt y  Rki``gt `g Aud  , pir li ogldkilhr sk li h`eulis ag `is  rg`hdkilhais dil `is gstuakis ag hrquktgdturh g  kleglkgrïh, jhdgl ag `hs gsdug`hs gl  qug kophrtgl sus dètgarhs, dgltri ag akbuskôl oulakh` ag` dilidkokglti, ag `is qug Brhldkh nusthogltg agmg glireu``gdgrsg. G` bkl  ag klogakhti qug hjirh lis prgiduph, gs g`  jhdgr lithr gsth lugvh aksdkp`klh gl sus aiss erhl ai erhlag agss  hspg hspgdt dtis is gspg gspgdu du`h `htktkvi vi y pr prèd èdtktkdi di prgsglth, pir agdkr`i hsï, ulh mkburdhdkôl d`hrh y  mkgl agbklkah pgroktkglai, pir ulh phrt ph rtg, g, ag  ogl glth th`k`ka aha hags gs supg supgrk rki irg rgss `h g`g `gvg vgl lh `hs h`ths  gsbgrhs ag `h egiogtrïh oiagrlh, y pir, qug  sg gxtkglah   y    sg akbulah gl g` dhopi ag  `h du`turh eglgrh` gl ul sgltkai ag hp`k`kdh hp dhdk dkôl ôl oþ`t oþ`tkp kp`g `g  di dil l ut utk`k`ka kaha ha kl klak aksd sdut utkm km`g `g gl tiai tiai eë eël lgri gri  ag hd hdtktkvk vkah ahag agss dils dilstr tru udt dtkv kvh hs, li si`i si `i ag  dh dhrè rèdt dtgr gr prib pribgs gski kilh lh`,`, skli skli g`go g`gogl glth th`g `gss gl `is  dgltris ag trhmhni klaustrkh`   y   imrgri. Ag hjï  lhdg, dioi rglakokglti ag `h ‐Egi ‐E giog ogtr trïh ïh Ag Agsd sdrk rkpt ptkv kvh‟ h‟  g` ak akmu muni ni dils dilstr trud udtkv tkvi i g`goglth`, duyh  glsgøhlzh sg jh jgdji hddgskm`g gl `is prkogris erhais gsdi`hrgs. Gs lgdgshrki li pgragr ag vksth qug, skou`tèlghogltg dil g` agshrri``i ag gstg oiagrli eglgri ag rgprgsglthdkôl, sg prgsglthl thomkël `is oès lithm`gs hag`hltis gl `h ogdèlkdh klaustrkh` y gl g` klvglti, jhsth g` erhai ag piagr hbkrohr qug gl g` ske`i ZKZ y `i qug jh trhlsdurrkai ag`

prgsgltg, ohrdhl gl `h jkstirkh juohlh ulh gthph qug mkgl pugag ``hohrsg ‐@h Gaha ag` Ohquklksoi‟. y duyis dhrhdtgrgs klb`uygl piagrishogltg gl `h diloidkôl sidkh` y gdilôokdh qug hjirh prgsgldkhois.  Hagoès, gs  kopirthltg qug dil gsth lugvh rhoh qug  dilstktuyg `h ‐Egiogtrïh A kgl bhisagis aagg dkg gslddrkhkptykv  ha"g yh  g rtlg,ssugs dmrkg glô o ulhrlduhgavhis o gxprgskôl koheklhtkvh, ulkvgrsh` d`hri y prgdksi, qug g` `gleuhng dioþl jhm`hai i gsdrkti li tkglg h su h`dhldg6 pugs mhsth pglshr qug li gs piskm`g agsdrkmkr pir ogaki vgrmh` y dil bklgs prèdtkdis g` oès sgldk``i ogdhlksoi y, oudji oglis, ulh diop`kdhah oèquklh i ul gakbkdki. Gsth vkrtua,  g` akmuni dilstrudtkvi haqukgrg vgra vg raha hagr grh h hu huti tili lioï oïh h  y sg rgvk rgvkst stg g ag ag`` dhrè dhrèdt dtgr  gr  ag`` `g ag `gle leuh uhng ng  irke irkekl klh h`, kl klssustk ustktu tukm km`g `g y ulk lkvvgrsh grsh`` dlik o rg riml`itg. rhs rh rgiquskgg rjgh  vahkrdkhjlit,gqsugaglipurgd gmdi`ilihdpgubgril Gss agdkr, g`  akmuni dilstrudtkvi sg grkeg=    h `h dhtgeirïh ag  bhdtir klakspglshm`g gl `h du`turh eglgrh`,  y gs hsï dioi su glsgøhlzh sg jh  kopugsti mkgl prilti h `h akvu`ehdkôl gl `hs  gsdug`hs g`goglth`gs ag` gxtrhlngri, hul duhlai  dil agstklhdkilgs akvgrshs (akmuni ag priygddkilgs, akmuni irtieilh` gtd.), pgri kaëltkdhs gl su gsgldkh. Gl Oëxkdi  `h "Egiogtrïh agsdrkptkvh" sg du`tkvh agsag  g` ske`i phshai dioi ohtgrkh ri kilh `hs gs hr dtgulrhsgu kplribg egbgs lskgki rïlh` h,` pgglr i`h   sg`gsdu akdug` mug`hs nihsdialgsthrqu ruqukt dtkktg vgidtu hspgdti g`goglth` th`,  hphrgd rgdg si`i jhdkh 8;83 erhdkhs h `is gsbugrzis ag` ohgstri, hrquktgdti ail Dhr`is O. @hzi.  Gltrg `is akstkleukais ohgstris qug jhl kophrtkai sus glsgøhlzhs gl hqug``hs gsdug`hs, agmgl ogldkilhrsg `is hrquktgdtis> Ag` ]kvgrh, ]hbhg` Ailaë, Ohxkog ]ikskl qukgl skl sgr pribgsir ag egiogtrïh agsdrkptkvh sg rgdugrah pir su erhl dh`kaha pribgskilh`, y pir g` kopu`si qug `g ah h ësth y h itrhs ohtgrkhs, y `is kleglkgris> Dhr`is Eirmgh, Mhrti`ioë Rgrehrh y Idthvki Musthohltg66 gstg þ`tkoi, pum`kdh ul prkogrh Musthohltg phrtg ag su trhthai ag egiogtrïh agsdrkptkvh, agnhlai klëakti, h` oirkr, g` rgsti ag gsth

 

kopirthltg imrh akaèdtkdh.

dètgarhs gl akvgrshs gsdug`h, pgri simrg =. grkekr. (Ag` `ht. grkeėrg grkeėrg). ). tr. Bulahr, klstktukr i `gvhlthr. || Ahr h h`eukgl i h`ei ul dhrèdtgr i dhtgeirïh qug hltgs li tglïh.

[h gl `h ëpidh hdtuh`, sg agsthdh `h `hmir ag` ohgstri hrquktgdti Brhldksdi Dgltgli qukgl agsag 8;81, dil sus luogrisis gsdrktis y Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh Sèeklh 4

tia tiai gl  `h Gsdug`h Lhdkilh` ag Hrq rqu uktgdturh, jhl agshrri` ri``hai  ul skst kstgoh pgaheôekdh ag `h ohtgrkh,  mhshai gl `is trhmhnis ag  Hajgohr  , pgri glrkqugdkai dil su pripkh gxpgrkgldkh y irkglthai bulahoglth`ogltg h `h prgphrhdkôl ag hrquktgdtis. Hagoès dil g` agsprglakokglti pripki ag `is erhlags gaudhairgs, jh agakdhai su htgldkôl h `h birohdkôl ag pribgsirgs ag `h ohtgrkh, drghlai ulh vgrahagrh gsdug`h ag `h egiogtrïh agsdrkptkvh phrh g` hrquktgdti. Dil kaëltkdi  gopgøi, g` hrquktgdti    Harkèl  Harkèl Ekiomklk  , gl  su dètgarh ag `h Gsdug`h Lhdkilh` ag  Kleglkgrïh jh gldhuzhai sus glsgøhlzhs   y     imrhs pum`kdhahs, h` gsthm`gdkokglti ag  prierhohs y skstgohs pgah pg ahe eôe ôekd kdi is, hagdu agduha hais is  h `h pr prgp gphr hrhd hdkô kôl l ag gstuakhltgs y pribgsirgs, agltri ag `hs lgdgskahags ag `hs akbgrgltgs rhohs ag `h kleglkgrïh.

egiogtrïh agsdrkptkvh li sg kltgrgsh lgdgshrkhogltg gl ul akmuni tgroklhai qug dioulkdh h` aksgøhair dil g` bhmrkdhltg6 `g hthøg g` gstuaki ag `hs rg`hdkilgs gsphdkh`gs qug pridgsi Wlh idurrgl rg`hdkôlaurhltg gsphdkh`g`pugag sgrag `h aksgøi. qug euhrah gltrg sï ais phrtgs gl ulh gstrudturh, ag ul ogdhlksoi, ag ulh supgrbkdkg, i `h rg`hdkôl ag ulh dhrrgtgrh dil sus h`rgagairgs. Gngop`i `hs jgrrhokglths ag `h egiogtrïh agsdrkptkvh, g` gstuaki ag gshs rg`hdkilgs gs ul pridgsi ag akmuni ag imngtis i sktuhdkilgs gl ulh sgrkg ag priygddkilgs huxk`khrgs sudgskvhs jhsth g gldiltrhr ldiltrhr `h si`udkôl rgqugrkah. @hs si`udkilgs erhbkdhs agmgl sgr prgdkshs. Sir `i thlti, g` trhzi, akoglskilgs, `gtrgris y hlithdkilgs hlithdkilgs ag agmgl mgl tglgr `h oè oèss h`th dh`kaha. 8.=. G`gogltis egioëtrkdis. 

Sulti. Gs  ul g`goglti egioëtrkdi skl akoglskilgs y  skl piskdkôl agbklkah gl g` gsphdki.

@is dildgptis  li jhl gvi`udkilhai oudji jhsth `h  bgdjh6 `i qug sï jh dhomkhai arèstkdh kdhogltg sil  `is ogakis ag gxprgskôl, agsag g`  `èpkz, `h gsduharh, g` diopès, y g` Wsis y Hp`kdhdkilgs. gsdh gs dh`ï`ïog ogtr tri i jh jhst sth h  `is `is rg rgdu durs rsis is ak akek ekth th`g `gss DH DHA. A. H ] Dhmg rgsh`thr,  qug `i oès kopirth thl ltg sil `is O ^ I [ L drktgrkis ag  hlè`ksks qug sg agmgl gop`ghr h `h jirh  ag akmunhr, ag th` biroh qug vhyhl G` imngtkvi ag `h Egiogtrïh agsdrkptkvh gl rgsi`vgr erèbkdhogltg `is oès h``è  ag `is rgsu`thais imtglkais dilskstg akekth`ogltg, yh  qug sg trhth ag ulh dkgldkh prim`gohs rgprgsglthm`gs rg`hdkilhais dil g` aksgøi, `h ogakdkôl, y `h dilstruddkôl6 gsth hmstrhdth y gsphdkh`.  agsdrkptkvi qug  hyuah h si`udkilhr ul pgroktg `idh`kzhr, dioprglagr y hlh`kzhr `is prim prim`g `goh oh gsph gsphdk dkh` h`..  Gl rg rgh` h`ka kaha ha,, `h pr priy iygd gddk dkôl ôl @ïlgh. Gs  ul g`goglti egioëtrkdi bklkti, irtieilh` y  `h egiogtrïh agsdrkptkvh li sil `kokthai pir  ais pultis, uli ailag klkdkh y tgohs akbgrgltgs,  sk li èrghs akvgrshs ag` itri ailag tgroklh. oksoi tgoh  qug gop`ghl `hs oksohs H L HM jgrrhokglths y pridgsis.  H akbgrgldkh ag `h priygddkôl priygddkôl irtieilh`, `h g`gogltis egioëtrkdis sktuhais ogaki mkakoglskilh` I gl g` gsphdki, phrh rg`hdkilhr`is gltrg sï6 OM pistgrkirogltg kltgrprgthr y M ohlgnhr `h klbirohdkôl gl ul ]gdth H Durvh

M H H M

Xugmrhah Okxth

 

mhsèlaisg gl `is prkldkpkis ag priygddkôl irtieilh`. Gstg  tkpi ag akmuni gs klakspglshm`g gl  `h kleglkgrïh, yh qug gs g` `gleuhng ag` kleglkgri.

irtieilh` phrh jhdgr ul tkpi ag akmuni S`hli . Gs ulh supgrbkdkg egioëtrkdh qug pugag prgsglthr biroh p`hlh i gsbërkdh.

 H`eulis akmunis  sg vh`gl ag `h priygddkôl irtieilh` phrh  trhlsoktkr`g h` bhmrkdhltg `h agsd ag sdrk rkp pdk dkô ôl gxh xhdt dth h  ag ul imng mngti ti66 itr tri is ushl shl `h egiogtrïh agsdrkptkvh  y `h priygddkôl

@h prkogrh ag g``hs pugag gsthr agtgroklhah pir ais rgdths qug sg dirthl.

Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh Sèeklh 1

Sir ulh rgdth y ul pulti I gxtgrkir h ësth.

Tg qug g` pulti S gsul ul gsphdki pulti kagh`. L isupilg t kglg akoglskôl, iduph dgri dgri

S O

H M

Sir trgs pultis li h`klghais.

oksoh akrgddkôl jhsth itrh piskdkôl bklh`, g` pulti S jhmrè eglgrhai ulh `ïlgh rgdth qug pugag dilskagrhrsg dioi ul gsphdki ag ulh akoglskôl, yh qug h `i `hrei ag ulh rgdth si`hogltg sg pugag ogakr ulh

`h rgdth eglgrhah pir ul pulti HO

M

Sir ais rgdths phrh`g`hs L kagh` li tkglg gspgsir. Sir gsth rhzôl, sg pugag dilskagrhr qug

Tk supilgois qug> ul pulti S akoglskôl. Lkleulh itrh ulh rgdth kagh`uli. gs ul gsphdki ag akoglskôl ogakdkôl gs pis piskm`g, km`g, pugsti qug sg ougvg ougvg i "trhs`hah" g gl l ulh ag `h oksoh qug ekrh Akrgddkôl ag` oivkokglti Wlh ogakah kôl) @h sgeulah, sg pugag simrg su akèogtri. (i akogls Lugvh piskdkôl ag` pulti agtgroklhr pir ulh 8 Siskdkôl irkeklh` ag` pulti S 4 dkrdulbgrgldkh i ul hrdi M

H

@ïlgh6 gsphdki ag akoglskôl. 

S`hli ag ais y trgs akoglskilgs.

Eglgrhdkôl ag ul gsphdki ag trgs akoglskilgs .

Tk hjirh supilgois qug ulh rgdth kagh` sg trhs`hah, phrh`g`h h sï oksoh, ag ulh piskdkôl ahah h itrh piskdkôl bklh`, `h `ïlgh kagh` jhmrè eglgrhai ul p`hli ul p`hli gl g` duh` sg pugagl gbgdtuhr ais ogakdkilgs, ulh h `i `hrei ag `h `ïlgh y itrh gl `h akrgddkôl ag` oivkokglti ag trhs`hdkôl ag `h oksoh. Sir `i thlti, sg pugag dilskagrhr qug ul p`hli gs ul gsphdki ag akoglskôl ais.

Duhlai jhm`hois  ag gsphdki, gl rgh`kaha jhm`hois " ag  akoglskilgs ". Sir gngop`i, dilskagrgois ul  pulti ohtgoètkdhogltg. Tg pugag  dilskagrhr ul pulti gl g` sgltkai ohtgoètkdi dioi  ulh gsbgrh ag akèogtri dgri. Gs  imvki qug `h rgprgsglthdkôl ag ul pulti gs kopiskm`g, pgri, h` rgsi`vgr r gsi`vgr prim`gohs ogakhltg erèbkdhs y Egiogtrïh li kopirth quë Agsdrkptkvh agmgois thl pgqugøh sgh6 gl rgprgsglthr`i dioi ulh dilsgdugldkh,, g` pulti dilsgdugldkh ohrdh simrg phpg` y gs tkglg akoglskôl simrg g` gvkagltg qug phpg`. lgdgskthois vgr gsth gsth ohrdh,

Siskdkôl irkeklh` ag `h `ïlgh eglgrhah pir g` pulti kagh`.

W ( i l h

 

@h bke. ougstrh ulh ohrdh qug "rgprgsglth"

Ak rgddkôl ag`  oivk ok glt i ag ` h rgdt h ahah.

(i akoglskôl)

S@HLI6 GTSHDKI AG AKOGLTKÔL AIT  

Wlh ogakah

o gaka h

Siskdkôl bklh` ag `h rgdth

ak o

ul pulti   S   ag akèogtri keuh` h dgri. Gsti skelk kelkbkbkdh dh qug qug  g` pu pult lti i   S   gs ul pulti kagh`, skl ako kog glskôl, y  qug iduph ul gsphdki dgri. Sir  `i thlti,  sg pugag agdkr qug ul pulti kagh` gs ul gsphdki ag akoglskôl dgri.

Tk supilgois  qug ul    p`hli,  p`hli,   qug gs ul gsphd sphdki ki ag  ai aiss ak akog ogls lski kil lgs, gs,   sg trhs`hah gl ulh akrgddkôl  phrh`g`h h sï oksoi, ag ulh piskdkôl ahah  h itrh piskdkôl bklh`, g` p`hli jhmrè ,eglgrhai ul sô`kai egioëtrkdi qug `kokth ul gsphdki ag trgs akoglskilgs. 

glskôl )

S`hli6 gsphdki ag akoglskôl ais .

Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh Sèeklh 7 Sulti bkni gl g` gsphdki O

H a i ko v kglti

g i ` p`hl .

W l

M

h

]hyi priygdthltg

( i ak o

gsphdki ag akoglskôl trgs i sô`kai egioëtrkdi.

glskôl ) gaka h

S@HLI6 GTSHDKI AG AKTGLTKÔL AIT Wlh ogakah (i akoglskôl)

hD

d Sulti priygdthai ;3³ m

u h o aka l g h

liomrg ag  priygddkôl, y qug dilskstg gl jhdgr phshr,  pir dhah uli ag `is pultis qug agtgroklhl g`  g`goglti gl dugstkôl, rhyis pgrpg grpgla lakd kdu u`h `hrg rgss h  ulh ulh supgr upgrbkbkddkg p`h `hlh lh,, ag th` th` i ako l kô ( g s l) ohlgrh qug  hphrgzdhl gl ësth akdjis Ti`kai egioëtrkdi6 gsphdki ag akoglskôl trgs. g`gogltis ag`  oksoi thohøi qug g` irk rke ekl klh h`.  H gstg  oëtiai sg `g dilidg dil g` liomrg ag Gl `h  bke., vgois qug g` sô`kai egioëtrkdi  priygddkôl irtieilh`     y sg pugag agbklkr   tkg tkglg ulh ulh  prkogrh    prkogrh akoglskôl   agt agtgro groklh klhah ah pir  dioi ‐g`  pkg ag `h pgrpglakdu`hr `hr mhnhah ag` `h trhs  ag` ag ` pulti kagh`, glulh ul h piskd iskdkô kôl lh   lah   akôl itrtr hhs`h 6 `hdk uldkôl hôl     sg sgeu eula h ak akog ogls lskô   agtgroklhah pulti gl  g` gsphdki h` p`hli ag priygddkôl‟. pir `h  trhs`hdkôl ag `h rgdth ag ulh piskdkôl ahah h  itrh, y ulh tgrdgrh akoglskôl  Hjirh mkgl,  `is g`gogltis ag` gsphdki eglgrhah pir  g` oivkokglti ag` g sphdki sphdki pugagl sgr  skop`gs i diop`kdhais y `h mkakoglskilh`,   i  p`hli, ag ulh piskdkôl ahah priygddkôl ag  ul pulti li agtgroklh, pir sï h itrh.  Tg jhmrè gsthm`gdkai, hsï, ul skstgoh si`i, su  piskdkôl gl g` gsphdki pugsti qug ag ag    trg trgss akog akogls lski kilg lgs, s,   qug sg okagl gl uli i  vhrkis pultis qug gstuvkgrhl simrg `h akrgddkilgs akstklths,  dioi g` gsphdki qug pgrpg grpgla lakd kdu u`h `hrr mhnh mhnhah ah  ag ag`` pu pult lti i gl g` gs gsph phdk dki i6 lis gs  thl dilidkai gl g` kltgrkir ag ulh ahrïh dioi rgsu`thai `h oksoh priygddkôl. jhmkthdkôl.  H

Sriygddkilgs gl ul p`hli. M

Gl lugstri  dhsi, phrh piagr rgprgsglthr thr `is g`gogltis ag`  gsphdki, gluldkhais hltgrk tgrki irogltg tg,, sg  jhdg lgdgshrki utk`kzh kzhr ul oëtiai ouy  hltkeui qug sg dilidg dil g`

D

 

pultis supugstis  sg jhdg lgdgshrki utk`kz kzh hr  ulh supgrbkdkg  phrh`g`h h `h pgrpglakdu`hr  mhnhah ag`  pulti gl g` gsphdki qugahlai, agsag `ugei,  gl ulh piskdkôl th` qug sg pugah priygdthr  ag `h oksoh ohlgrh qug gl g` prkogr  dhsi, pgri gl g` duh` hphrgdg `h sgphrhdkôl qug jhy gltrg akdjis pultis.

;3³ hmd

Tkl gomhrei,  phrh `ierhr agtgroklhr `h vgrahagrh piskdkôl  ag dhah uli ag gstis Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh Sèeklh 2

vgrtkdh`6 supgrkir g klbgrkir. [ hltgrkir y pistgrkir rgspgdtkvhogltg. SRT

h

M

m m

D

SJS SJH @ïlgh ag tkgrrh

d

KKK KR hmd ;3³  H

SRK

K KK

sgltkai klvgrsi  h` oivkokglti ag `hs ohlgdk``hs ag`  rg`in, th` dioi sg vki gl @hss su @h supg pgrb rbkd kdkg kgss  qu qug g sg gop` gop`gh ghl l ph phrh rh `idh `idh`k`kzh zhr  r  egio eg iogt gtrï rïh h hl hlh` h`ït ïtkd kdh h  pgri pgri di dil l `h dhrh dhrhdt dtgr grïs ïstktkdh dh uli i  oès pultis gl g` gsphdki, rgdkmgl g` ag qug,  gl gstg dursi, gs sgeþl g` pulti ag lio iom mrg ag  p`hlis    p`hlis ag priygddkôl   y gstis sil vksth ag`  imsgrvhair. H` pri`ilehrsg y susdgptkm`gs ag  herhlahrsg thlti dioi sg dirthrsg `is  p`hlis ahl irkegl h ulh `ïlgh ag lgdgsktg ahlai  irkegl, dil gsti, h ul kl kltg tgrs rsgd gddk dkôl ôl dilid ilidka kah h  dil dil g` lio liomrg mrg ag   `ïlgh dilnulti qug  gl `i sudgskvi vhois h ag tkgrrh    qug sgddkilh y ag`kokth h dhah agskelhr dil  g` liomrg ag   skstgoh ag duharhltg pir ul p`hli jirkzilth` y uli  y gddki kilg lgs s ir irti tiei eilh lh`g `gs s    pugsti qug, priygdd dioi vkois,  `hs priygddkilgs gl `is p`hlis sil pgrpglakdu`hrgs h `is pultis ag` gsphdki.

WLKAHA KK

Tkstgoh Akëarkdi Irtieilh` . Kltriauddkôl h` Tkstgoh akëarkdi irtieilh` .

@h kltgerhdkôl ag `is ais p`hlis irtieilh`gs, uli jirkzilth` J y itri vgrtkdh` R sg `g ``hoh skstgoh akëarkdi, `is qug sg jhdgl dikldkakr dil g` akmuni, agspuës ag jhmgr imtglkai `hs priygddkilgs irtieilh`gs rgspgdtkvhogltg ag `h bkeurh ag` gsphdki.  H su  vgz, `is  p`hlis    p`hlis ag priygddkôl   ak akvk vkag agl l h` gsphdki gl  duhtri rgekilgs qug sg dilidgl dil g`  liomrg ag   duharhltgs   y qug phrh piagr`is akbgrgldkhr,  sg jhl luogrhai gl

Gstis p`hlis akvkagl h` gsphdkiqug gl sg duhtri rgekilgs ``hohahs duharhltgs, aglioklhl K, KK, KKK y KR duharhltgs. Eglgrh`ogltg sg supilg di`idhlai g` imsgrvhair gl g` ∜ hltgrkir h` prkogr

 

duharhltg, dilskagrèlaisg vkstis agsag `is pultis sktuhais gl ë`.

Gl ul  akmuni irtieilh`, gs dioþl akmunhr   ak akbg bgrg rglt ltgs gs vk vkst sths hs  i priy priygd gddk dkil ilgs gs ag ul imng imngti ti.. Tk agsgh  vgr ulh priygddkôl akstklth, skop`gogltg koheklg  qug sg jh oivkai h`rgagair ag` imngti phrh imsërvh`i agsag

Tkstgoh akëarkdi> Sulti ag` K duharhltg. Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh Sèeklh 5

itrh piskdkôl  gl g` gsphdki. Ogakhltg gstg oëtiai, g`  qug dhomkh ag piskdkôl gs g` imsgrvhair y li g` imngti.

p`hli jirkzilth` sg supgrpilg dil g` p`hli vgrtkdh`. RT JH

Tk ag ul pulti S ag` gsphdki ``gvhois Shrh sktuhr gl gstg skstgoh ul JS pulti duh`qukgrh ag` gsphdki, gs lgdgshrki dilidgr sus aksthldkhs h dhah uli ag `is p`hlis qug birohl g` trkgari. trkgari. Ësths sg okagl pir `hs pgrpglakdu`hrgs ag` pulti h dhah p`hli, p`hli, y sg aglioklhl gl eglgrh` diiraglhahs ag` pulti. RK   priygdthltgs pgrpglakdu`hrgs  jhsth dhah p`hl p`hli, i, gsth gsthss  ag agtg tgro rokl klhl hl `hs `hs di diir irag aglh lhah ahss qu qug g sg ``hohl> Tktuhdkôl ag `is imngtis .

Sp H`turh i dith,  aksthldkh ag` pulti h`

p`hli jirkzilth`.  

 

Sp , aksthldkh h` p`hli vgrtkdh`. Sp "' H`gnhokglti  Hldjurh, aksthldkh h` p`hli `htgrh`.

@is pkgs kgs  ag gshs priygdthltgs gl `is p`hlis, agtgroklhl h  su vgz `hs priygddkilgs ag` pulti qug  rgdkmgl g` liomrg ag` p`hli gl qug sg gldugltrhl y sil>  p priygddkôl gl g` p`hli jirkzilth`. p‛  priygddkôl gl g` p`hli vgrtkdh`. vgrtkdh`. p"  priygddkôl gl g` p`hli `htgrh`. Oiltgh y Liogld`hturh.

Sir itri Sir itri `h `hai ai,, sk skgl glai ai imsg imsgrv rvha hair irgs gs vg vgrt rtkd kdh` h`gs gs,, gs lgdgshrki  hmhtkr g` p`hli jirkzilth` phrh piagr iagr vgr    `h priy priygd gddk dkôl ôl   diltglkah gl ë`, dil `i qug  g` skstgoh ag priygddkilgs irtie tieilh`gs sg  vgrïh dioi ougstrh `h bke bkeurh, pugsti qug h` hmhtkr g`

 

rgldkh  phrh `is p`hlis, `is duharhl rhltgs y G` pridgakokglti  qug skop`kbkdh `h y rgbgrgl rgprgsglthdkôl, phrh  `i duh` ushrgois, `is ahtis  gl g``is diltglkais, gs phrh dilvgldkilh`ogltg,   sg  dilskagrh qug g`   lisitris g` dgltri ag` gsphdki.  p`hli vgrtkdh` pgrohlgdg pgrohlgdg bkni. Gsth biroh ag rgprgs rgsglthdkôl  erèbkdh sg ``hoh   oiltgh , gl `h  qug sg gxprgsh `i skeukgltg>   ‐ @hs @hs  priygddkilgs ag  ul pulti gsthrèl, skgoprg simrg  ulh oksoh `ïlgh  pgrpglakdu`hr h `h `ïlgh ag tkgrrh. " Oiltgh ag`  gsphdki >   Tupugsti g` gsphdki

egioëtrk trkdi, agbklk klkai  pir trgs gngs k`k k`kokthais, `is p`hlis  qug ëstis agtgroklhl thomkël `i sgrèl. Jgois  g`koklhai g` p`hli `htgrh` ag priygddkôl, dilsgrvhlai  sô`i g` vgrtkdh kdh` y g` jirk rkzzilth` th`, qug  sg dirthl gl `h `ïlgh ag tkgrrh, y qug  gxtglakëlaisg k`kokthais gl sus rgspgdtkvis sgltkais,  akvkagl g` gsphdki gl duhtri zilhs i duharhltgs. @h `ïlgh  ag tkgrrh sgrè gl `i sudgskvi, irkegl Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh Sèeklh :

Timrgp rgpugstis tis `is  ais p`hlis ag priygddkôl, `h oiltgh,  tiohlai dioi rgbgrgldkh `h `ïlgh ag tkgrrh, qugah birohah dioi skeug>

 H jirkphrtkr zilth  `, agtgl`harè`ïlgh   phrtgag agtkgrrh `hltg g`ag p`hli g``h Jirkzilth` Hltgrkir y. phrtg agtrès Jirkzilth` Sistgrkir  6 gl thlti pistgrkir . g` vgrtkdh`, vgrtkdh`, tglarè phrtg hrrkmh Shrh imtglgr `h oiltgh ag` Rgrtkdh` Tupgrkir y phrtg hmhni gsphdki hsï akvkakai, jhdgois Rgrtkdh` klbgrkir ekrhr g` p`hli jirkzilth` gl Rgrtkdh` Klbgrkir , tiais gstis liomrgs `is hmrgv hmrgvkhois khois g gl l `hs sgltkai ag `hs ohlgdk``hs ag`  Hmhni ag `h `ïlgh ag tkgrrh k`ustrhdkilgs pir sus klkdkh`gs. rg`in, tglkglai Tupilgois skgoprg `h bkeurh Jirkzilth` hltgrkir Rgrtkdh` vksth dil dil g` prkogr duharhltg duharhltg h` brgltg y hrrkmh, skrvkëlailis supgrkir phrh irkglthr`h, ag ulis eukilgs, di`idhais gl g` jirkzilth` hltgrkir phrh`g`is g klogakhtis h `h `ïlgh ag tkgrrh.

Jirkzilth`

dioi gng `h `ïlgh ag tkgrrh jhsth simrgpilgr`i h` vgrtkdh`, ag oiai qug g` prkogr duharhltg qugag h` brgltg hmkgrti dioi ul `kmri.

 Hrrkmh ag `h `ïlgh ag tkgrrh  Hrrkmh ag `h `ïlgh ag tkgrrh y agtrès ag` vgrtkdh` supgrkir.  Hmhni ag `h `ïlgh ag tkgrrh y agtrès ag` jirkzilth` hltgrkir

 

@is eukilgs  qugahrèl hmhni ag `h `ïlgh ag tkgr tkgrrh rh phrh hrh`g `g`i `iss  h g``h ``h gl g` jir irkz kzi ilt lth` h` hltg hltgrk rki ir, sgøh`hlai gl  `h oiltgh `h piskdkôl ag gstg p`hli, y pir ë` `h ag` prkogr duharhltg.

gsphdki, sgeþl  g` duharhltg gl qug sg gldugltrgl, sg  priygdthrèl gl `is p`hlis dioi `i klakdh `h skeukgltg thm`h>

Ag hd hdug ugra rai i  dil `i hltg hltgrk rkir ir,, `i `iss vi` i`þo þogl glgs gs ag`  priygddkilgs, duh`qukgr duh`qukgr bkeurh ag` gsphdki6 gl KR g``h sg bulah tiah `h Sriygddkôl vgrtkdh` egiogtrïh agsdrkptkvh.  Duharhltg K

G` rgsu`thai gs `h ``hohah oiltgh ag` gsphdki , ogakhltg `h duh` piagois rgprgsglthr pir sus

KK

KKK

jirkzilth` hltgrkir hmhni ag @Q jirkzilth`

vgrtkdh` supgrkir hrrkmh ag @Q pistgrkir hrrkmh ag @Q vgrtkdh` supgrkir hrrkmh ag @ Q jirkzilth` pistgrkir vgrtkdh` klbgrkir hmhni ag @Q hrrkmh ag @Q vgrtkdh` klbgrkir hmhni ag @Q jirkzilth` hltgrkir hmhni ag Sriygddkôl @Q jirkzilth`

Wshlai gsths  rge`hs qugahl priygdthais tiais `is  vi`þoglgs ag` gsphdki, g kl klvg vgrs rsho hogl gltg tg pi piag agoi oiss  rgdi rgdili lidg dgrr `h pi pisk skdk dkôl ôl rgh` ag  ul vi`uogl, h trhvës ag `h qug e uhraag hl tkgrrh. sus  priygddkilgs dil rgspgdti h `h `ïlgh trkp`hlhr >    Dil

mhsg gl gsths priygddkilgs, piagois  rgsi`vgr duh`qukgr  prim prim`g `goh oh rgbg rgbgrg rglt ltg g  h` pult pulti i hs hsïï ag agtg tgro rokl klha hai. i. Sgri   `is  prim`gohs li sg rgsi`vgrèl   gl   g`  gsphdki, skli gl `is p`hlis ag priygddkôl y

Oiltgh

Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh Sèeklh ;

gs lgdgshrki rki  phrh g`Ki `Ki rgprg rgssglthr`is gl sus akoglskilgs rgh`gs  `is trgs simrg ul oksoi p`hli6 hquï  diokglzh pripkhogltg `h egiogtrïh agsdrkptkvh.

Gxp`hlhdkôl ag` trkgari.

Shrh `ierhr rhr`i     prgsdklakois  prgsdklakois ag` dugrpi ag`  gsphdki   (bkeurh  rgh`) y jhdkglai hmstrhddkô kôl l ag ë`   gx gxtg tgl lag agoi oiss `i `iss trg trgs p` p`hl hlis is   gl `is qug sg gldugltrhl  yh sktuhahs `hs trgs pr priy iygd gddk dkil ilgs gs.. Dils Dilsgr grvh vhoi oiss  g` p` p`hl hli i vgrt vgrtkd kdh` h` gl su  `uehr, gl sgeukah sgphrhlai g` jirkzilth` ag`  `htgrh` pir `h `ïlgh I[, jhdgois ekrhr  g` prkogri simrg IZ y g` sgeulai simrg    I^    jhsth jhdgr`is dip`hlhrgs4   dil  g` vgrtkdh`, puakglai glti til ldgs, rgp rgprgsglthrsg  `is trgs rgs p`hlis dil `i qug  g``is diltkglgl gl uli si`i, qug gs ohtgrkh rkh`o `og gltg `h  jinh ag phpg` gl qug jgois ag akmunhr.  H gsti sg ``hoh   gx gxp` p`hl hlhd hdkô kôl l ag`  ag`  trkgari   y  g` rgsu`thai gs g`   egiogtrh` i oiltgh trkp`hlhr  , qug rgprgsglth g` gsphdki.

 

ushrgois dioi huxk`khr gl dhsis gspgdkh`gs. Ag gsth  suprgskôl, rgsu`th ulh oiltgh qug gl sô`i  ais p`hlis, jirkzilth` y vgrtkdh`, dil iltktkg glg ah ahti tiss  su subkbkddkg kglt ltg gs phrh phrh agtgr gtgrok okl lhr g` pulti6 trgs  diiraglhahs> hldjurh, h`turh y h`g `gnh nho okg kglt lti i y  ais priy priygd gdddki kilg lgss jirkz irkzi ilth lth`g `gss vgrt rtkd kdh` h` p', h`kl klgh ghah ahss gl ulh ulh pg pgrp rpgl glak akdu du`h `hr  r   p   y  vg    p',   h` h   @Q.    Ësth gs `h oiltgh mkp`hlhr qug jhmktuh`ogltg ushrgois. Oiltgh trkp`hlhr.

Lôtgsg gl  `h oiltgh qug `hs `ïlghs p‛x y xp qug gl  g` gsphdki birohl ul èleu`i rgdti, dil vërtkdg  x gl `h `ïlgh ag tkgrrh, qugahl h`kl `klghahs gl  ulh oksoh pgrpglakdu kdu`hr h   @Q6 gl thlti qug p'z qug p'z y zp" qug thomkël birohmhl èleu`i rgdti  hjirh sg h`klghl phrh`g`hs h g``h. Ësth  gs   dilakdkôl lgdgshrkh g klakspglshm`g   phrh  qug gshs trgs pr priy iygd gdddki kilg lgs, s, rg rgpr prgs gsgl gltg tgl l  h ul oks oksoi pu pult lti i ag` gsphdki.  Hsï `h  oiltgh rgprgsglth h` pulti, pir sus pr priy iygd gddk dkil ilgs gs>> vgrt vgrtkd kdh` h`     p'   p'    umkdhah gl p`hli vgrt vg rtkd kdh` h` og ogak akhl hltg tg  hl hldj djur urh h y h` h`tu turh rh66 ji jirk rkzi zilt lth` h`,,  p   gl  g` jirkzi kzilth`, pir hldjurh y h`gn `gnhokg kgl lti y `htgrh`  p" gl g` `htgrh` ag priygddkôl pir   h`gnhokglti y h`turh. Oilt Oi ltg gh mïp`h ïp`hl lhr  >    Tk `h priygddkôl `htgrh`

diltkglg ahtis  qug yh tglgois gl `hs itrhs ais, piagois  suprk rko okr kr``h skl pgragr lkl kle eulh ag `hs  diiraglhahs ag` pulti y sô`i `h

Oiltgh mkp`hlhr

Oilt Oi ltgh gh oi oili lip` p`hl hlhr  hr >    T ktuhlai g` pulti gl

priygddkôl jirkzilth`  pir su hldjurh y su h`gnhokglti, piagois  prgsdklakr ag `h priygddkôl vgrtkdh`  h dilakdkôl ag bknhr   oga gakh khl l ul  lþogr þogri, i,   dith,  qug hphrgdg dioi sum-ïla ïlakdg ag  S ((j) j), `h h`turh ag` pulti ogakah agsag g`  p`hli jirkzilth`, ësth gs `h oiltgh oilip`hlhr i  p`hli hdithai usuh` gl trhmhnis tipierèbkdis.

Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh Sèeklh 83

Oiltgh oilip`hlhr.

Hp`kdhdkilgs prèdtkdhs . Gl ul akmuni irtieilh`, gs dioþl akmunhr akbgrgltgs vksths i priygddkilgs ag ul imngti. Shrh rgh`kzhr`i, ustga, dioi akmunhltg, agmg prkogri koheklhr g` imngti di`idhai gl dkgrth piskdkôl -eglgrh`ogltg piskdkôl liroh` lhturh`. Tk agsgh vgr ul agsgh ulh hulh priygddkôl akstklth,i skop`gogltg koheklg koheklg qug sg jh oivkai h`rgagair ag` imngti phrh imsgrvhr`i agsag itrh piskdkôl gl g` gs gsphdki. phdki. Ogakhltg gstg

oëtiai, g` qug dhomkh ag piskdkôl gs g` Akdji ag ais i oès `ïlghs i bkeurhs> 8. dip`hlhrki, Xug gstèlrkh. gl han. ul oksoi p`hli.

imsgrvhair y li g` imngti. Ksioëtrkdi.   Akmuni  k`ustrhtkvi qug ougstrh

 

trgs `hais  ag` imngti, eglgrh`ogltg g` supgrkir u  jirkzilth`, g` brilth` y g` `hai agrgdji i  ag pgrbk` agrgdji, ag th` ohlgrh qug gstis  `hais subrgl g` oksoi hdirthokglti ag  sus `ïlghs phrh bklgs ag k`ustrhdkôl kld`klhai h 43³.

Gsth `ïlgh  skgoprg gs pgrpglakd kdu u`hr h` p`hli ag priygddkôl.  Qiahs `hs vksuh`gs dirrgspilakgltgs h  ulh vksth i priygddkôl phrtkdu`hr sg dilskagrhl phrh`g`hs gltrg sï.

Rksuh`, p`hli ag priygddkôl y `ïlghs ag priygddkôl. Ksioëtrkdi.

Tupgrbkdkgs dhrhs gxtgrlhs ag ul imngti. Tupgrbkdkgs.

Rksu Rksuh` h` (R (R))   @ï @ïlg lgh koh kokh hek ekl hrkh kh lti qug ph phrt rtg ag ` in ini i ag` ims ag` msgr grvh vhai air r hjhd hdkh ullhr pult pu i pgrt pg rtg gglgdk lgag` dkgl gltg tg h` imngti. ti.  Tg gop`gh ulh b`gdjh phrh sgøh`hr  `h akrgddkôl ag `h vksuh`.

Dhnh h kohekl koheklhrk hrkh h trhlsp trhlsphrg hrgltg ltg Dhnh ag  drks ksth th`  `   Dhn

ag sgks  `hais. @is `hais rgprgsglthl sgks piskm`gs p`hlis  ag priygddkôl qug sil pgrpglakdu`hrgs gltrg  sï6 sil dilidkais dioi `is  p`hlis prkl klddkph`gs simrg `is duh`gs

`gh`s`hsv. ksGu` hi`gmsng tiagqmuggl sgsgqrukgprggrprgglpargkdsug`lhtrhgrs sgh di`idh agltri  ag `h dhnh ag drksth` dil `h ohyirïh ag  `hs supgrbkdkgs phrh`g`hs h `is `hais ag `h dhnh.

Rksuh` Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh Sèeklh 88

`hs priygddkilgs agmgl gsthr h`klghahs gl su piskdkôl priygdthm`g.  H]]GE@I GTQÈLAH] GTQÈLAH] HOG]KDHLI HOG]KDHLI AG TGKT S]I[GDDKILGT S]KLDKSH@GT.

S`hlis jirkzilth`gs (J) S`hlis dil dkgrth

h`turh i lkvg`. @hs vksuh`gs phrh `is p`hlis jirkzilth`gs sil vgrtkdh`gs (pgrpglakdu`hrgs h `is p`hlis qug agtgroklhl dkgrth h`turh). Gsth rge`h sg ohltkglg thlti phrh akmunis trkakoglskilh`gs dioi gl ais akoglskilgs. S`hlis brilth`gs (B) S`hlis vgrtkdh`gs. @hs

vksuh`gs phrh `is p`hlis brilth`gs sil jirkzilth`gs (pgrpglakdu`hrgs h `is p`hlis

 

brilth`gs). S`hlis ag pgrbk` (S) S`hlis vgrtkdh`gs

pgrpglakdu`hrgs h `is p`hlis brilth`gs. @hs vksuh`gs phrh `is p`hlis ag pgrbk` thomkël sil jirkzilth`gs (pgrpglakdu`hrgs h `is p`hlis ag pgrbk`). Akoglskilgs @hs ogakahs rgh`gs aglioklhahs h`turh, hldji y pribulakaha, sil pgrpglakdu`hrgs h `is p`hlis agbklkais hrrkmh. agsaim`hah phrh  birohr `i qug gs dilidkai dioi `h priygddkôl ag` tgrdgr èleu`i. Qiahs .Sr Sriy iygd gddk dkôl ôl ir irti tiei eilh lh``  ag agsh shrr rri` i``h `h `h dh dhnh nh ag dr drks ksth th`` ph phrh rh

oistrhr dhah  dirrgspilakgltg.

priygddkôl

gl

su

piskdkôl

@h h`turh  sg gop`gh phrh sgøh`hr `h akoglskôl pgrpglakdu`hr  h `is p`hlis jirkzilth`gs. G`  hldji skrvg phrh klakdhr `h akoglskôl pgrpglakdu`hr  h `is p`hlis ag pgrbk`, okgltrhs  qug `h pribulakaha klakdh `h akoglskôl pgrpglakdu`hr  h `is p`hlis brilth`gs.

G` prip ripôskti  prko rkohrki ag ul akmuni irti rtieilh`, i ag  priygddkilgs ou`tkp`hlhrgs, gs prgsglthr `hs  priygddkilgs ag ul imngti gl `hs duh`gs  sg ougstrgl `hs ogakahs rgh`gs ag` imngti.  H`eulhs vgdgs sg rgqukgrgl p`h `hli liss ag  priyg riygdd ddkô kôl l hak akdk dki ilh`g lh`gs, s, ````h hoha ohais p`hlis huxk`khrgs,  phrh oistrhr tiais `is

Sriygddkôl

agth``gs ag ul imngti. @ïlgh ag  tkgrrh   (`ïlgh ag rgbgrgldkh i `ïlgh ag hmhtkokglti)  Hrksths ag `h dhnh ag drksth` i kltgrs tgrsg gddkô kôl l ag  `is p`hlis pgrpg rpglakdu`hrgs qug `h  dilbirohl. @h `ïlgh ag tkgrrh sô`i sg akmunh duhlai sg lgdgskthl akmunhr

irtierèbkdh 

u

irtieilh`  

]gprgsglthd thdkôl gl  `h duh` sg ougstrhl ais i oès priygddkilgs  qug sil pgrpglakdu kdu`h `hrrgs gltrg sï.  Gs ul oëtiai ag` akmuni tëdlkdi qug gop`gh vksuh`gs  phrh`g`hs qug birohl ;3 erhais dil  rgs rgspgdti h` p`hli ag priygddkôl. Gstg oëtiai  vksuh`kzh h `h dhnh ag drksth` Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh Sèeklh 8=

priygddkilgs hakdkilh`gs. Gsth `ïlgh pugag di`idhrsg gl duh`qukgr `uehr, pgri ulh vgz qug sg jh akmunhai li sg agmg oivgr. Qiahs `hs `ïlghs ag rgbgrgldkh sgrèl pgrpglakdu`hrgs h su dirrgspilakgltg `ïlgh ag tkgrrh. @h `ïlgh ag tkgrrh sg rgprgsglth ogakhltg `ïlghs gl dhaglh aim`g, gs agdkr, gop`ghlai eukilgs dirtis ag 4 oo, gsphdkis ag 8 oo y eukilgs `hreis ag =3 h 13 oo. @ïlgh ag tkgrrh.

@h `ïlgh  ag tkgrrh agmg sgr ritu`hah phrh oistrhr su  hsidkhdkôl dil `is p`hlis qug rgpr rgprgs gsg glt lth. h. G`  `g `gtr trgr gri i ag agmg mgrè rè tg tgl lgr ulh ulh h`t`tu urh ag 4  oo, dil ulh sgphrhdkôl oïlkoh ag 8 oo ag  `h `ïlgh ag tkgrrh. @h bkeurh ougstrh `h `ïlgh ag  tkgrrh gltrg `is p`hlis jirkzilth` y brilth`.

J B

@ïlgh ag tkgrrh ritu`hah.

Irkegl   Sulti  ag rgbgrgldkh hrmktrhrki qug

pugag di`idhrsg  dgrdh i simrg g` imngti pir  rgprgsglthr. Rhrkis  phqugtgs ag akmuni hsks hs kstktkai ai pir pir  di diop oput utha hair irh h   (DHA) gop`ghl `h

 

gsquklh klbgrkir  kzqukgrah dioi g` irkegl, duyhs diiraglhahs  sil 3,3,3 (i ag hldji, i ag h`turh, i ag pribulakaha).  Hqug``hs priygddkilgs h`klghahs  gltrg sï qug diophrtgl ulh  akoglskôl dioþl. @hs pr priy iygd gddk dki ilg lgss bri brilt lth` h`  y ag pgr grbkbk`` dio ioph phrt rtgl gl `h `hss `ïlghs ag  rgbgrgldkh rg`htkvhs h `h h`turh, pir  `i thlti sil priygddkilgs hayhdgltgs. Sriygddkilgs

hayhdgltgs 

agrgdji, tkglgl  ulh dhrhdtgrïstkdh dioþl> oug ugsstrhl trhl `h  oga ogaka kah h pg pgrp rpgl glak akdu du`h `hrr gx gxks kstg tgl ltg gltrg akstkltis  p`hlis jirkzilth`gs6 h gsth ogakah sg  `g dilidg dioi dith i h`turh rgh` i vgrahagrh. Sultis   Klakdhl 

`hs diiraglhahs ag umk mkddhdkô hdkôl l gl  g` gsp sphd hdki ki.. Tg kl kla akd kdh hl ogak ogakh hltg ltg ais sgeogltis  ag rgdth ag 4 oo qug sg dirthl gl biroh pgrpglakdu`hr.

Sriygddkilgs rg`hdkilhahs

@hs priygddkilgs  jirkzilth` y ag pgrbk` diophrtgl `h  ogakah ``hohah pribulakaha, pgri `h  klbirohdkôl agmg trhlsbgrkrsg6 pir `i thlti, gsths  priygddkilgs sg aglioklhl rg`hdkilhahs. Sriy Sr iygd gddk dkôl ôl gl  p` p`hl hli i vg vgrt rtkd kdh`  h`   Sri Sriygd ygddkô dkôl l gl

`h duh`  `hs vksuh`gs sil jirkzilth`gs. @hs priygddkilgs, dioi  `h brilth` y `h ag pgrbk` hayhdgltgs Sriygddkilgs Sriygddkilgs rg`hdkilhahs   

 Hqug``hs pr priy iygd gddk dki ilg lgss qug  diop dioph hrt rtg gl ulh akog akogls lskô kôl l qug tkglg  qug sgr trhlsbgrkah. @h ogakah pugag trhlsbgrkrsg  ogakhltg gsdh`ïogtri i diopès. @is  gstuakhltgs bhok`k k`khrkzhais dil g` oëtiai  ag `h `ïlgh ag hmhtkokglti piarèl gop go p`gh `ghr`i r`i h`  trhl trhlsb sbg grkr rkr `h `hss ako kogl glsk skil ilgs gs gltr gltrg g `hs priygddkilgs prkldkph`gs rg`hdkilhahs

S ]gprgsglthdkôl ag ul pulti.

Gl `h  prèdtkdh,   li   sg agmgl akmunhr pultis klakvkauh`gs h`  bklh` ag dhah sgeoglti ag rgdth .  H M  

 H G]]I]

Gxtrgois ag ul sgeoglti ag rgdth.

 H` prgsglthr  h ul p`hli dioi bk`i, akmþngsg ul sgeoglti ag  rgdth pgrpglakd kdu u`hr h` bk`i phrh `idh`kzhr h`eþl  pulti ag` p`hli, skgoprg y duhlai ëstg  sg umkqug gltrg trg `i `iss gxtrg trgois ag` bk`i.

Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh Sèeklh 84

Sultis gxtrgois ag ul p`hli

G` sgeoglti pgrpglakdu`hr ogakrè 8 oo. Lôtgsg `h irkglthdkôl ag `h vksuh` h` imsgrvhr `h priygddkôl jirkzilth` ag` p`hli .

]gsuogl. @h bkeurh ougstrh ulh k`ustrhdkôl ag `h priygddkôl irtieilh`. Sriygddkilgs ou`tkp`hlhrgs.

]gsug`vh `is skeukgltgs prim`gohs, dukahlai gl tiais `is dhsis `h dh`kaha `ïlgh y `h gsdh`h, utk`kzhlai g` 1Jag phrh `ïlghs priygddkôl y priygddkilgs oès aksthltgs ag` imsgrvhair, JM phrh priygddkilgs kltgrogakhs y 7M phrh `hs oès dgrdhlhs ag`

 

imsgrvhair .

Sriygddkôl irtieilh` mhshah gl g` oëtiai ag `h dhnh ag drksth`.

@h bkeurh ougstrh ulh k`ustrhdkôl ag `hs priygddkilgs irtieilh`gs simrg `h dhnh ag drksth` agsaim`hah .

Srim`goh 8. Dil mhsg gl g` akmuni ksioëtrkdi ou`tkp`hlhrgs. ag` sipirtg  ags`kzhltg, akmung `hs  priygddkilgs jirkzilth`,  brilth` y ag pgrbk`  agrgdji, h  phrtkr ag `hs `ïlghs ag tkgrrh klakdhahs.

Dhnh ag drksth` agsaim`hah . @is p`hlis  ag priygddkôl kôl sg agsaim`hl phrh ois oi strh trlski hrkilg ulgs l simn mngt gti igtrka tr  ukako ls lski kil ldi h`oi dilpu sô sô`i `ig asg isr  akog ak ogls si simr mrg lkog pg`h `hl li, dioi puga gag sgr  ulh jinh  ag phpg`. H gstg tkpi ag rg rgpr prgs gsgl glth thdk dkôl ôl sg  `g agli agliok oklh lh pr priy iygd gddk dkil ilgs gs

Tgphrhdkôl ag `h oh``h> 7 oo

Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh Sèeklh 81

Srim`goh => Dil mhsg h` akmuni ksioëtrkdi ag `h mhsg bknhairh, akmung `hs priygddkilgs jirkzilth`, brilth` y ag pgrbk` agrgdji, h phrtkr ag `hs `ïlghs ag tkgrrh klakdhahs.

 

Tgphrhdkôl ag `h oh``h> 7 oo Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh Sèeklh 87

Srim`goh 4. Ahai g` ksioëtrkdi ag ul m`iqug ag brgli, akmung `hs priygddkilgs jirkzilth`, brilth`, ag pgrbk` kzqukgrai y agrgdji. Gop`gg `hs `ïlghs ag tkgrrh pripirdkilhahs y ritþ`g`hs.

 

Tgphrhdkôl ag `h oh``h> 7 oo Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh Sèeklh 82

Srim`goh 1. Ahai g` ksioëtrkdi ag ul m`iqug ag duøh, akmung `hs priygddkilgs jirkzilth`, brilth` y ag pgrbk`6 gop`gg `hs `ïlghs ag tkgrrh  pripirdkilhahs, y ritþ`g`hs. ritþ`g`hs.

 

Tgphrhdkôl ag `h oh``h> 7 oo

Srim`goh 7. Ahai g` akmuni ksioëtrkdi ag ulh erhph, akmung `hs priygddkilgs jirkzilth`, Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh Sèeklh 85

brilth` y ag pgrbk`6 gop`gg `hs `ïlghs ag tkgrrh gl biroh dirrgdth.

 

Tgphrhdkôl ag `h oh``h> 7 oo Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh Sèeklh 8:

Srim`goh2. Ahah `hs priygddkilgs jirkzilth` y ag pgrbk` ag` m`iqug euïh, akmung `h  priygddkôl brilth`.

Srim`goh5 ahah `hs priygddkilgs jirkzilth` y brilth` ag` m`iqug gsphdkhair, akmung g` ksioëtrkdi dirrgspilakgltg.

 

Srim`goh:. Ahahs `hs priygddkilgs jirkzilth` y brilth` ag `h jirquk``h ag dhomki, Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh Sèeklh 8;

akmung `h priygddkôl ag pgrbk` y g` ksioëtrkdi dirrgspilakgltg..

 

Srim`goh ;. Ahahs `hs priygddkilgs brilth` y ag pgrbk` ag` sungthair, akmung `h priygddkôl jirkzilth` y g` ksioëtrkdi dirrgspilakgltg.

Srim`goh 83. Ahahs `hs priygddkilgs jirkzilth` y brilth` ag` m`iqug ag brgli, akmung Egiogtrïh Agsdrkptkvh Sèeklh =3

`h priygddkôl ag pgrbk` y g` ksioëtrkdi

 

dirrgspilakgltg.