Apunte Comunicaciones Digitales y Redes

 

7- KB]UNM\CCKNB Cnbdutgckób ml ckrcuktns8 _grg cnblctgr mns lstgcknbls, sl lstgeilcl ub cgdkbn mlmkcgmn g trgvës ml bnmns ml ig rlm, ins cugils sl lbculbtrgb lbigzgmns `äskcgdlbtl. Cgmg lbigcl mlmkcg ub cgbgi iófkcn g cgmg cnblxkób. Ig `ulbtl trgbsdktl ins mgtns flblrgmns pnr li cgdkbn mlmkcgmn, y lb cgmg bnmn, lstns sl lbcgdkbgb pnr li cgbgi gprnpkgmn jgckg li mlstkbn skb rltgrmns. Cnbdutgckób ml pgqultls8 Lb lstl cgsn, ig kb`nrdgckób sl mkvkml lb pgqultls ml tgdg÷n vgrkgeil (trgdgs). Ins dksdns vkghgb ml nrkflb g mlstkbn g trgvës ml gifubns ml ins cgdkbns mkspnbkeils. Cgmg bnmn rlckel li pgqultl cndpiltn y mlspuës ml ub mltlrdkbgmn tkldpn, in i n rltrgbsdktl. Ultrgbsdkskób ml trgdgs (`rgdl rligy)8  Ig tlcbninfäg ml rltrgbsdkskób ml trgdgs ls pnskeil mlekmn g igs vlinckmgmls ml trgbsdkskób mkspnbkeils gctugidlbtl y ig rlmucckób ml ig tgsg ml lrrnrls, y sl infrg likdkbgbmn ig dgynr  pgrtl ml kb`nrdgckób rlmubmgbtl y cnrrlcckób cnrrlcckób ml lrrnrls. Lstn plrdktl vlinckmgmls vlinckmgmls `kbgils ml jgstg 5Deps. 5Deps. Dnmn ml trgbs`lrlbckg gsäbcrnbg (G]D)8 Ls ig lvniuckób ml ins skstldgs ml trgbsdkskób pnr trgdgs, cnb ig mk`lrlbckg ml qul G]D usg pgqultls ml inbfktum `khg iigdgmg ’climgs—, skfuklbmn ig prldksg ml rlmuckr lb frgb dlmkmg ig kb`nrdgckób rlmubmgbtl y li cnbtrni ml lrrnrls, cnb`kgbmn lb ig rneustlz mli dlmkn y lb ig iófkcg ml mltlcckób ml lrrnrls. Li ls`ulrzn gmkcknbgi ml prnclsgdklbtn sl rlmucl gøb dçs gi usgr pgqultls ml tgdg÷n `khn, iinfrgbmn nfrgbmn vlinckmgmls `kbgils ml lbtrl 7? y 7?? Deps, l kbciusn lb li nrmlb ml ins Feps. ]gdekëb sl pulml cnbskmlrgr cndn lvniuckób mli skstldg ml cnbdutgckób ml ckrcuktns, mlekmn g qul ls cgpgz ml ml`kbkr døitkpils cgbgils vkrtugils ml cndubkcgckób cnb vlinckmgmls qul sl ml`kblb mkbçdkcgdlbtl gi crlgrsl li cgbgi, slføb igs blclskmgmls. Grquktlcturg ml prntncnin8 Lb vlz ml kdpildlbtgr tnmg ig iófkcg pgrg iilvgr g cgen ig cndubkcgckób lb ub snin dómuin, sl in mkvkml y nrmlbg lb mk`lrlbtls cgpgs lb `nrdg ml pkig vlrtkcgi, cgmg ubg lbcgrfgmg ml tgrlgs lsplcä`kcgs. _grg qul lb jgyg cndubkcgckób, sl rlquklrlb ml 5prnpnrcknbg mkspnsktkvns dçs), pnrmlinslrvkckns qul lstggmkvkskób ml cgpgs, mlelrç suplrknr lstgr y  prlslbtl tnmns ins mkspnsktkvns. mkspnsktkvns. Cgmg cgpg prnpnrcknb g ub(ncnbhubtn ig cgpg cgpg kbdlmkgtgdlbtl lstçb mksl÷gmgs ml tgi `nrdg qul ub cgdekn lb ubg cgpg, bn g`lctg g igs mldçs.

_rntncnin8 Ig cndubkcgckób sl cnbskful jgcklbmn qul igs cgpgs cnrrlspnbmklbtls lb 5 skstldgs, kbtlrcgdeklb kb`nrdgckób lb einquls ml mgtns qul vlrk`kcgb ub cnbhubtn ml rlfigs mlbndkbgmgs prntncnin. Ins gsplctns cigvls ml ub  prntncnin snb8 -Skbtgxks8 Lstgeilcl culstknbls rligcknbgmgs cnb li `nrdgtn ml ins einquls ml kb`nrdgckób. -Sldçbtkcg8 Kbciuyl kb`nrdgckób pgrg li cnbtrni c nbtrni y flstkób ml lrrnrls. -]ldpnrkzgckób8 Gsplctns rligtkvns g ig skbcrnbkzgckób ml vlinckmgmls y slculbckgckób.

DNMLIN NSK Ls ub dnmlin lstgbmgrkzgmn qul mkvkml igs `ubcknbls mli prnclsn ml cndubkcgckób lb ub cnbhubtn hlrçrqukcn ml cgpgs. Cgmg cgpg rlgikzg ub suecnbhubtn ml tgrlgs qul sl sustlbtgb lb ig cgpg kbdlmkgtgdlbtl kb`lrknr. Lb cnbhubtn, igs 6 cgpgs rlgikzgb tnmn li prnclsn blclsgrkn pgrg ig cndubkcgckób cnb ntrns mkspnsktkvns.

 

7-  Cgpg @äskcg8 Sl lbcgrfg ml ig kbtlr`gz `äskcg lbtrl ins mkspnsktkvns y ml`kbl igs rlfigs qul rkflb lb ig trgbsdkskób ml ekts. Ins gsplctns kdpnrtgbtls ml ig cgpg `äskcg snb8 Dlcçbkcgs (culstknbls `äskcgs ml ig kbtlr`gz cnb li dlmkn ml trgbsdkskób.). Liëctrkcgs (ml`kbl cndn sl rlprlslbtgb ins ekts. Lh. Bkvlils liëctrkcns y su vlinckmgm ml trgbsdkskób.). @ubcknbgils (Wul `ubcknbls rlgikzg cgmg lildlbtn n ckrcuktn ml ig kbtlr`gz lbtrl li skstldg y li dlmkn ml trgbsdkskób). Ml prnclmkdklbtn (Slculbckg ml lvlbtns qul sl iilvg g cgen lb li kbtlrcgdekn ml `iuhns ml ekts.) 5-  Cgpg lbigcl ml mgtns8 Sl ncupg ml qul li lbigcl `äskcn slg `kgeil. _rnvll slrvkckn ml mltlcckób y cnbtrni ml lrrnrls pgrg qul cgpgs suplrknrls pulmgb gsudkr qul ig trgbsdkskób lstç ikerl ml lrrnrls. ]gdekëb mkspnbl dlmkns pgrg gctkvgr, dgbtlblr y mlsgctkvgr ig cnblxkób. 8 Ulgikzg ig trgbs`lrlbckg mligkb`nrdgckób lbtrl skstldgs `kbgils ml g trgvës mlygiføb tkpngiføb ml rlmslrvkckn, ml 3-  Cgpg ml rlmsl cndubkcgckób. Gquä lstgeilcl ub mkginfn cnb rlm pgrg lsplck`kcgr ig mkrlcckób mlstkbn snikcktgr  pnr lhldpin, li ml flstkób ml prknrkmgmls. prknrkmgmls. =-  Cgpg ml trgbspnrtl8 Gslfurg qul ins mgtns sl lbculbtrgb lb nrmlb y skb përmkmgs bk mupikcgcknbls. ]gdekëb sl lbcgrfg ml nptkdkzgr li usn ml ins slrvkckns ml rlm y ml prnpnrcknbgr ig cgikmgm ml slrvkckn snikcktgmg (tgsg dçxkdg ml lrrnr, rltgrmn dçxkdn, nrmlb n slfurkmgm).