Apres - Formação OMNI

 

 

GMTK_IMC DK MR_KUK@TMÎÅH MR_KUK@TMÎÅH Lhrgmîåh dk Fip`htkrmpkutm HG@I dh Oísieh mh Mvm`îmdh

HG@I F Fyp yp`hs `hsis is Trmi`i`n rmi`i `n Ek`t `tk kr Or Orm msi sicc

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`h Fyp`h sis Trmi`i`n Ek Ek`tkr `tkr

Uugírih  I`trh I`t rhdu duîåh îåh ................................................ ......................................................................... ................................................... ....................................... .............? Lhrgmîåh dk Fip`htkrmpkutm HG@I ― Oísie Oísieh h mh Mvm`î Mvm`îmdh mdh ..... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ........ ...5 Hrink`s dm HG@I Fyp`hsis Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr .......................................................... 4 Dmvk Kcgm` Kcg m` ............................................... ......................................................................... ................................................... .................................. .........4 Nkrmcd Aki` Aki ` ..................................................... .............................................................................. .................................................. .............................. ..... ; Fm`srukd Fm`sr ukdii ^ip ^ipll ......................... ................................................... .................................................... ................................................... .........................< Giefmkc Gie fmkc Mrru Mr rudm dm ................................................... ............................................................................. ................................................... .........................> Rrhpõ Rrh põsi sith th k vmchrks vmch rks dm HG@I Ormsic Orms ic ......................... ................................................... ............................................... .....................6  M eiê` e iê`ei eim m dm Fip` Fi p` ht htkrmp krmpii m HG@I .............. ..................... ............... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ......... 9 H quk q uk mprk`dkr mprk` dkrki ki `m Lhrg Lh rgmîåh mîåh ................................................. .......................................................................... ............................ ... =5 Eh`tkú Eh` tkúdh dh pr prhn hnrmg rmgíti ítieh eh ................................................ .......................................................................... ......................................... ...............=< Gmtkrimis Gmtkri mis Did Didíti ítieh ehss ................................................ .......................................................................... ................................................. .......................?> Uuphrt Uuph rtk k dm HG@I HG@I Ormsi Ormsicc pmrm Fip` Fip`htkrmpkut htkrmpkutms ms HG@ HG@II ...... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ....... ?9 Emrnm Fhríri Fhr írim m k I`vkst I`v kstig igk`t k`th h ............................................... ......................................................................... ................................. .......5? Lhths Lht hs ................................................. .......................................................................... .................................................. ............................................. ....................55 Dkphigk`t Dkphi gk`ths hs ....................... ................................................ ................................................... ................................................... ................................ .......54 Ekrtililiemdh Ekrti emdh IUH 922= 922= ......................................... .................................................................. .................................................. ............................ ... 5<  Mnrmd  Mn rmdkei keigk` gk`th th ................. ......... ................ ............... ............... ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... ................ ................ ........ 56

Jkrry, lu`dmdhr dm HG@I, mh cmdh dk Fm`srukdi, sku sueksshr kg ?2=?

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

I`trhduîåh  Gku `hgk é Giefmkc Mrrudm, jí gi`istrki k/hu mehgpm`fki gmis dk >2 turgms mpk`ms dm lhrgmîåh dk Fip`htkrmpkutm HG@I. Ehgh lrkquk`tkgk`tk surnkg pksshms quk nhstmrimg dk smokr gmis dktmcfks dh quk k`eh`trmråh `kstm lhrgmîåh, ku dkeidi erimr kstk dheugk`th dm lhrgm gmis ehgpcktm k dktmcfmdm phssçvkc, phr gig gksgh. @åh é ugm tmrklm líeic mprksk`tmr m lhrgmîåh dk fip`htkrmpkutm HG@I. Ehgh skrí kxpciemdh `kstk gmtkrimc, mcég dhs eh`tkúdhs tkõriehs k prítiehs, nrm`dk pmrtk dm lhrgmîåh é shork erimr m kxpkriê`eim `kekssírim pmrm gudmr m prhnrmgmîåh suoeh`seik`tk dh pmrtieipm`tk, dk lhrgm quk kck pk`sk, si`tm k mjm ehgh ug fip`htkrmpkutm, dk lhrgm `mturmc. Gksgh hs pmrtieipm`tks ehg gmis i`lhrgmîûks prévims shork m lhrgmîåh, ehgh eô`junks dk pksshms quk jí såh fip`htkrmpkutms HG@I, liemg surprkk`didhs dm kxpkrik`eim skr guith gkcfhr dh quk igmni`mvmg. Kstk dheugk`th phdk skr ehgpmrmdh ehgh ug eh`ju`th dk lhths pmrm tk`tmr kxpciemr ug licgk gmrem`tk. Rhrtm`th, kstkjm eik`tk quk kstk gmtkrimc rkprksk`tm mpk`ms ugm lrmîåh mprhxigmdm dh quk vheê irí k`eh`trmr `m sum lhrgmîåh. Dk qumcqukr lhrgm, pmrm tk`tmr dkserkvkr dm gkcfhr lhrgm phssçvkc h quk vheê kstí prkstks m vivk`eimr, eriki kstk dheugk`th ehg 5 kckgk`ths: ➯ 

Dkseriîûks H hojktivh é kxpciemr dk lhrgm rmeih`mc dktkrgi`mdhs ph`t ph`ths hs dm lhrgmîåh.

➯ 

Lhths H hojktivh é vheê eh`sknuir visumcizmr gkcfhr hs ghgk`ths dm kxpkrik`eim dhs pmrtieipm`tks.

➯ 

Dkphigk`ths H hojktivh é tk`tmr mprhxigmr m kxpkriê`eim rkmc k hs ok`klçeihs quk pmrtieipm`tkss dm HG@I mdquirkg. pmrtieipm`tk

_kehgk`dh rkskrvmr pkch gk`hs 52 gi`uths, skg distrmîûks, pmrm m`mcismr ehg emcgm kstk gmtkrimc dk lhrgm ehgpcktm. Mssig, vheê phdkrí thgmr m gkcfhr dkeisåh shork m HG@I skr h quk vheê kstí ousem`dh hu `åh.  M` tks dk tud  M`tks t ud h , pmrmoé` pmr moé`ss sõ pkch pkc h lmth l mth dk eh eh`s `sid idkrmr krmr dmr kstk kst k nr nrm`d m`dk k pms pmssh sh `kstm i`erçvkc jhr`mdm!  

Rrksidk`tk dm HG@I Ormsic

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HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

Lhrgmîåh dk Fip`htkrmpkutm HG@I  ―  Oísieh  Oísieh mh Mvm`îmdh 

Kgprksm:  

HG@I Ormsic

Chemc:  

_um dhs Çris, =;2 - Uåh Rmuch - UR

^kositk:

www.hg`ifyp`hsis.ehg.or  

Kstm é sigpcksgk`tk m ekrtiliemîåh kg fip`htkrmpim gmis ehgpcktm dh gu`dh , kg quk vheê `åh mpk`ms mprk`dkrí hs géthdhs gmis mvm`îmdhs k gmis klieik`tks dk fip`hsk k fip`htkrmpim, ehgh tmgoég skrí lhrjmdh m pk`smr k vivkr ehgh ug fip`htkrmpkutm ehg m gissåh dk trm`slhrgmr vidms, kg qumcqukr írkm, gksgh quk h sku hojktivh `åh skjm mtk`dkr kg ug eh`suctõrih. Tkghs ug ehgprhgissh ehg m sum trm`slhrgmîåh pksshmc, phis merkditmghs quk shgk`tk pksshms trm`slhrgmdms såh empmzks dk themr prhlu`dmgk`tk hutrms vidms, ckvm`dh kssk nrm`dk cknmdh mdim`tk. Ehg ug prhekssh ecmrh, hojktivh k rkpcieívkc vheê mprk`dkrí m tkr rksuctmdhs eh`vi`ek`tks ehg s kus ecik`tks, `h gk`hr tkgph phssçvkc  (k`trk = m 5 skssûks). Mcég dissh, smokrí ehgh mpciemr kstk eh`fkeigk`th pmrm mti`nir rksuctmdhs dilkrk`eimdhs kg qumcqukr írkm dm sum vidm, i`dkpk`dk`tk i`dkpk`dk`tkgk`tk gk`tk dm sum prhlissåh. Tkghs gmis dk 42 m`hs dk rksuctmdh r ksuctmdh kg lhrgmr prhlissih`mis dm fip`htkrmpim, kg gmis dk ?2 pmçsks! Mtumcgk`tk, kstm é m ú`iem lhrgmîåh dk fip`htkrmpim `h gu`dh ehg ekrtiliemîåh IUH922=. K `åh mpk`ms h trki`mgk`th, gms tmgoég h prhekssh dk fip`htkrmpim HG@I phssui kssm ekrtiliemîåh dk kxekcê`eim kg qumcidmdk. Issh é m nmrm`tim quk sums lkrrmgk`tms phssukg m gksgm qumcidmdk dms usmdms pkchs fip`htkrmpkutms fip`htkrmpku tms HG@I gmis rk`hgmdhs k okg-suekdidhs dh gu`dh! Igkdimtmgk`tk mpõs m lhrgmîåh, vheê tkrí thdms ms ehgpktê`eims `kekssírims pmrm Igkdimtmgk`tk mtumr ehgh fip`htkrmpkutm prhlissih`mc, hu mpciemr issh `m sum vidm.  É phr kssks k hutrhs dilkrk`eimis, kxpchrmdhs `kstm mprksk`tmîåh, quk nrm`dks kgprksírihs, i`lcuk`eimdhrks k ekckoridmdks lizkrmg lhrgmîûks `m HG@I , ehgh kxkgpch: _hskcy Ohsefi`i, Tfimnh @inrh, Eh`rmdh Mdhcpfh, Jhkc Jhtm, Issmh Igmgurm, @m`dh _hdrinuks, Gmri Ghh`, _mlm Rrmdh k hutrhs.  –Mssig quk efknuki dh eursh, ehgkeki jí `h dim sknui`tk m usmr h quk mprk`di, tk`dh rksuctmdhs kxekpeih`mis kg emshs eh`sidkrmdhs dilieçcighs pkcm gkdiei`m, ehrhm`dh m rkpciemoicidmdk dh géthdh k ghstrm`dh quk h ekrtiliemdh IUH 922= `åh é ugm sigpcks dkgh`strmîåh dk ug pmpkc.‗  

Cúei h Vmvikr  Vmvikr  - gédie gédie h m`kstksistm k fip`h tkrm tkrmpkutm pkutm  

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HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

Hrink`s dm HG@I Fyp`hsis Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Dmvk Kcgm`   (=922  ―  =9), eh`sidkrmdh h gmihr fip`htistm k fip`htkrmpkutm fip`htkrmpk utm ecíssieh d k thdhs hs tkgphs , lhi rksph`sívkc phr kxpkrigk`tmr k m`mcismr kxmustivmgk`tk thdms ms tée`iems dk fip`hsk jí i`vk`tmdms mté sum éphem. M pmrtir dmç, dkdiehu thdm sum emrrkirm m kvhcuîåh k k`si`h dm fip`hsk, dkixm`dh igk`sms eh`triouiîûks pmrm tkrmpim k gkdiei`m.

Kg sum vidm, Kcgm Kcgm` ` k`si`hu gmis dk =2.222 gédiehs , dk`tistms, psiquimtrms, psieõchnhs k hutrhs prhlissih`mis. Kgohrm `åh lhssk gédieh, sum kxpkrtisk `kstk emgph dk fip`htkrmpim klieik`tk lhi mgpcmgk`tk rkeh`fkeidm. Kck dkgh`strhu âs sheikdmdks gédiems ehgh hotkr suekssh kg gi`uths, gksgh kg emshs kg quk ms pksshms jí ti`fmg pmssmdhs m`hs kg trmtmgk`ths skg suekssh. Mpõs sku cknmdh, prmtiemgk`tk `åh fhuvk kvhcuîåh eh`sidkrívkc dh eh`fkeigk`th dm fip`hsk ecíssiem, mi`dm mssig, nrm`dk pmrtk dkssks mvm`îhs såh mtriouçdhs m skus mcu`hs gmis prõxighs. Rhrég, mpksmr dm qumcidmdk dkssms tée`iems, guitms mi`dm såh thtmcgk`tkk dkseh`fkeidms `h Ormsic. thtmcgk`t

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HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic Nkrmcd Aki`   (=959  ―  ?2=>) hu Jkrry (ehgh skus mcu`hs cfk efmgmg emri`fhsmgk`tk) ehgkîhu `m fip`hsk mhs =2 m`hs dk idmdk, mhs =5, eh`fkeku sku pri`ei pri `eipmc pmc gk`thr, gk`thr , Dmvk Dmvk Kcgm`, k durm`tk guiths m`hs sk

ok`klieihu igk`smgk`tk eh`fkeigk`ths eh`fkeigk`th s k kxpkriê`eimsdhs dh gkstrk. Mpõs qumsk dums déemdms dk suekssh ehgh fip`htkrmpkutm, guiths fip`htistms cfk pkdimg pmrm k`si`mr ehgh cidmr ehg vírims qukstûks. Lhi qum`dh pkrekoku quk `åh kxistim `k`fug trki`mgk`th rkmcgk`tk ehgpckth dk fip`htkrmpim, h`dk lhrgmssk ug tkrmpkutm rkmcgk`tk prh`th k eh`lim`tk dksmlih. pmrm k`lrk`tmr qumcqukr Mssig, Nkrmcd Aki` lu`dhu h HG@I Fyp`hsis Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr, ju`tmgk`tk ehg sum ksphsm Ufircky Aki`, kg =9>9, `m Lchridm, K[M. Lhi nrmîms m kck k sku ek`trh dk trki`mgk`th quk hs vmcihshs eh`fkeigk`ths dh ck`dírih Dmvk Kcgm` sk gm`tivkrmg vivhs. Jkrry, mtrmvés dh HG@I Fyp`hsis Trmi`i`i`n Ek`tkr, Ek`tkr, jí trki`hu gicfmrks dk mcu`hs kg gmis dk >2 pmçsks, k mi`dm phssui h gmis g mis ehgpckth trki`mgk`th dk fip`hsk dh gu`dh, skgprk lhem`dh kg dmr omsks sõcidms k ehgpcktms m skus kstudm`tks, pmrm quk kcks sk thr`kg hs gkcfhrks prhlissih`mis phssçvkis, sk`dh okg-suekdidhs kg qumcqukr írkm quk mtukg. Rhr kssk ghtivh, h ek`trh jí lhrghu kstudm`tks quk fhjk såh nrm`dks `hgks dm fip`hsk gu`dimc, ehgh: Utkpfk` Rmraficc, Emc Om`ym`, Ukm` Giefmkc M`drkws, Gmra Eu``i`nfmg, Ormi` ^kiss k guiths hutrhs.

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HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic Fm`srukdi ^ipl, `mseidh kg =9, pkcm gíniem  ―  ehgh guitms hutrms pksshms  ―  k m fip`hsk lhi gi`fm ehgpm`fkirm phr guiths m`hs. Ku m usmvm `m ksehcm, `ms lkstms, `h kxéreith k kg qumcqukr hutrh cunmr kg quk ku tivkssk hphrtu`idmdk. Gms, `m éphem, tudh h quk eh`fkeim krmg géthdhs dk rkcmxmgk`th prhnrkssivh... ugm pkrdm dk tkgph. Mté quk, kg =99>, nrmîms â i`tkr`kt, eh`fkei hs géthdhs k eurshs dh Nkrmcd Aki` k dkeidi gk thr`mr ug fip`htkrmpkutm. Kg ?22 gk thr`ki ug i`strut i`struthr hr ekrtiliemdh dk fip`htkrmpim k dksdk ?226 k`si`h `m Uuçîm, Mckgm`fm k Íustrim.‗   Fm`srukdi, mcég dm Uuçîm, ghrhu `h Ormsic, K[M, Mckgm`fm k Turquim k phssui =; m`hs dk kxpkriê`eim ehg nkrk`eimgk`th dk gucti`meih`mc muthghoicçstiem k nruphs li`m`ekirhs. Kck tmgoég ehgh "Fyp`htieus" `m tkckvisåh Uuçîm, `h qum`dh (kg gk`hs dk ugliehu dim) eh`fkeidh k`si`hu h mprksk`tmdhr Gmrih Thrrim`i m fip`htizmr prhnrmgm eik`tçlieh "Ki`stki`", "Ki`stki`", mjudm`dh, mssig, m dksgistiliemr m fip`hsk. Fhjk, ehgh sue sueksshr ksshr hlieimc dk Nkrmcd Aki`, é Rrksidk`tk I`tkr`meih`mc dm HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr  Ek`tkr  k ehhrdk`m ug ek`trh prõprih dk fip`htkrmpim kg Kllrktiah`, `m Uuçîm. Trki`m i`struthrks k fip`htkrmpkutms kg thdms ms pmrtks dh gu`dh, kxmtmgk`tk kxmtmgk`tk ehg m gksgm gkthdhchnim dk Nkrmcd Aki`.

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HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic Giefmkc Mrrudm, Rrksidk`tk dm HG@I Ormsic @mturmc dk Emgph Nrm`dk, licfh dk psieõchnm, lmsei`mdh k k`tusim k`tusimsgmdh sgmdh phr fip`hsk dksdk erim`îm, ehgkîhu m kstudmr h tkgm mhs =5 m`hs dk idmdk. Ukg gmtkrimis kg phrtunuês pmrm eh`ti`umr skus kstudhs, dkdiehu-sk m mprk`dkr i`ncês pmrm quk pudkssk eh`ti`umr sum jhr`mdm.

Uhgk`tk mpõs vírihs m`hs, dksehoriu shork h phdkr dm fip`htkrmpim k sk thr`hu fip`htkrmpkutm HG@I kg ?22>. Rmsshu vírihs m`hs prmtiem`dh m fip`htkrmpim shzi`fh. Rhrég, sõ kg ?2=5, surniu m eurihsidmdk dk ousemr gmis shork m fip`hsk `h Ormsic, qum`dh dksehoriu quk kstmvm prmtiemgk`tk shzi`fh `h emgph dm fip`htkrmpim klieik`tk. Mssig, rkshcvku sk dkdiemr kxecusivmgk`tk kxecusivmgk `tk mh trmomcfh dk kvhcuir m qumcidmdk dm ffip`htkrmpim ip`htkrmpim `kstk pmçs. Kg ?2=; hrnm`izhu prigkirh trki`mgk`th HG@I dm Mgériem Cmti`m. m@hskgksgh lhi eh`vidmdh pkch hprksidk`tk dm HG@I I`tkr`meih`mc, Fm`srukdi, thr`mrm`h, ug i`struthr dk fip`htkrmpim HG@I. Ehg sum kxpkriê`eim kg `knõeihs k pmixåh phr igpmetmr pksshms, rmpidmgk`tk eh`sknuiu mgpcimr m visioicidmdk dm HG@I k igpckgk`thu gkcfhrims quk rkpkreutirmg `m HG@I kg vírihs pmçsks. Kg ?2=, ehgkîhu m k`si`mr i`tkr`meih`mcgk`tk h Fyp`hLcmsf, tée`iem dk fip`hsk kgkrnk`eimc quk kck dksk`vhcvku. Mtumcgk`tk, kstm tée`iem é uticizmdm `h gu`dh i`tkirh phr prhlissih`mis dm smúdk, mcég dk skr hojkth dk pksquisms. Kg ?2=6, puociehu h civrh Dksochqukik h Rhdkr dm Uum Gk`tk, quk sk thr`hu Okstskcckr `h gksgh m`h. Mtumcgk`tk Mtumcgk`tk,, Giefmkc dkdiem m gmihr pmrtk dh sku tkgph dksk`vhcvk`dh gkihs k mjudm`dh fip`htkrmpkutms m trm`slhrgmrkg gmis vidms k hotkrkg gmis suekssh. – T Tk`fh k`fh k`si`mdh fip`hsk phr gmis dk 42 m`hs, kg ek`tk`ms dk eurshs k jí mjudki gicfmrks dk pksshms m rkshcvkrkg skus prhockgms... [gm vkz hu hutrm surnk ugm pksshm quk tkg ugm fmoicidmdk kspkeimc pmrm rkmcgk`tk lmzkr issh lu`eih`mr okg, ehg Giefmkc ku si`th mcnh quk sõ sk`ti ehg dums hu três pksshms kg thdhs gkus m`hs...‗   Nkrmcd Nk rmcd A ki`

–Mpõs vkr vheê trmomcfmr, phssh dizkr, ekrtmgk`tk gku pmi kstmrim hrnucfhsh dh quk vheê tkg lkith pkcm fip`hsk.‗ Cmrry Kcgm` Licfh dk D. Kcgm` >

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

Rrhpõsith k vmchrks dm HG@I Ormsic @õs vivk`eimghs tudh h quk k`si`mghs k k`si`mghs tudh h quk vivk`ei vivk`eimghs. mghs. H `hssh pri`eipmc dilkrk`eimc é `åh quk tkghs sigpcksgk`tk ug tigk, tkghs numrdiûks, quk mehrdmg thdhs hs dims ehg ug ú`ieh prhpõsith: Gudmr h gu`dh trm`slhrgm`dh vidms! K m pri`eipmc lhrgm quk mti`nighs issh é trmomcfm`dh mh gíxigh pmrm trm`slhrgmr vheê kg ug rkmc fip`htkrmpkutm, quk vivk kssm gissåh, i`dkpk`dk`tkgk`tk dm sum prhlissåh. Lmzkghs tudh issh `hs nuim`dh pkchs sknui`tks vmchrks: Ecik`tk  É `hssm rmzåh dk kxistir! Merkditmghs quk kstmghs `h gu`dh pmrm skrvir, phrtm`th vkghs thdms ms pksshms m `hssm vhctm ehgh `hsshs ecik`tks dk mcnugm lhrgm. Mssig, ousemghs skgprk lmzkr h gkcfhr pkchs `hsshs ecik`tks. _ksph`smoicidmdk   Uhghs rksph`sívkis rksph`sívkis phr `hssms mîûks k rksuctmdhs. Merkditm Merkditmghs ghs quk m ú`iem lhrgm dk gudmr h gu`dh é ehgkîmr gudm`dh m `õs gksghs. Kvhcuîåh   Uk `åh kstmghs erksek`dh, kstmghs ghrrk`dh. Rhr issh m emdm dim ousemghs gkcfhrmr `hssh trmomcfh, `hsshs prhduths k pri`eipmcgk`tk m `hssm gk`tk. Fugm`idmdk Merkditmghs quk thdhs såh rksuctmdh dm prõprim prhnrmgmîåh, phr issh, mh i`vés dk  jucnmrghs, ousemghs ousemghs k`tk`dkr k mjudmr. Merkditm Merkditmghs ghs quk qumcqukr kslh kslhrîh rîh sõ vmck â pk`m sk m vidm sk issh i`lcuk`eimr phsitivmgk`tk m vidm dk mcnuég. _ksuctmdhs Merkditmghs quk dk `mdm mdim`tm h kslhrîh, sk `åh prhduzir rksuctmdhs ecmrhs k hojktivhs. Ehgh emokghs quk qum`th gmis rksuctmdh tkghs, gmis vidms såh trm`slhrgmdms, trm`slhrgmd ms, trmomcfmghs skgprk i`em`smvkcgk`t i`em`smvkcgk`tkk phr gmis rksuctmdhs.

Numrdiûks dm HG@I Ormsic ehg h trhléu rkekoidh dm Kdithrm 6

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

 M eiê`eim dm Fip`htkrmpim Fip`htkrmpim HG@I HG@I (Rrhjkth Fyp`hUeik Fyp`hUeik`ek) `ek) Tkghs h hrnucf Tkghs hr nucf h dk sk skrr m prigkirm k ú`iem ú`i em i`stitui i`sti tuiîåh îåh priv privmdm mdm quk i`vkstk k kg g pksquisms eik`tçliems `m fip`hsk.

M HG@I tkg ugm pmrekrim ehg m [`ivkrsidmdk dk Zuriquk, quk kstí k`trk ms THR =2 i`stituiîûks dk k`si`h k pksquism gmis rk`hgmdms dh gu`dh, pmrm ckvmr h kstudh eik`tçlieh dm fip`hsk m hutrh `çvkc. H hojktivh pri`eipmc ehg kstk prhjkth é kstmokckek kstmokckekrr k prhghvkr m mekitmîåh dm fip`hsk k fip`htkrmpim omskmdm kg kvidê`eims quk emrmetkrizmg hs gkem`isghs dk lu`eih`mgk`th lu`eih`mgk` th k mîåh ddmm fip`hsk. Issh é ug trmomcfh husmdh, ehg gudm`îms prhlu`dms `hs pmdrûks k ehstugks gédiehs, smokghs quk ckvmrí mcnug tkgph pmrm skr eh`erktizmdh. Rhrég, thdm nrm`dk gudm`îm ehgkîm kg mcnug cunmr, k`tåh ksehcfkghs skr h i`çeih dkssm trm`slhrgmîåh. Hs ok`klçeihs li`mis quk kspkrmghs ehgh eh`skquê`e eh`skquê`eim im dkstk pr prhjkth hjkth såh:

Rrhlicmxim  Tkrgh uticizmdh pmrm dk`hgi`mr ms gkdidms uticizmdms `m prkvk`îåh hu mtk`umîåh dk dhk`îms. @hsshs fip`htkrmpkutms jí usulrukg dk ugm smúdk gkcfhr phr mpciemr kstks eh`fkeigk`ths. @hssh hojktivh é quk m phpucmîåh tmgoég phssm sk ok`klieimr dissh. _keupkrmîåh mekckrmdm Ehg m fip`htkrmpim, hs pmeik`tks phdkg liemr gk`hs tkgph kg fhspitmis k ecç`iems. Mcég dh ok`klçeih dirkth pmrm hs pmeik`tks, issh tmgoég tkg ug igpmeth nhvkr`mgk`tmc `hs nmsths `m smúdk púociem.   Gkdiemgk`ths

Hs gédiehs, mpõskg m lhrgmîåh HG@I,@hssh rkduzkg drmstiemgk`tk dk gkdiemgk`ths skus pmeik`tks. hojktivh é htigizmr hh ush ush dk gkdiemîåh k rkduzir hs klkiths ehcmtkrmis pmrm thdm sheikdmdk. Eiê`eim  Kspkrmghs quk mcnug dim m fip`hsk k fip`htkrmpim skjm hojkth dk pksquism `ms pri`eipmis i`stituiîûks k`si`h. Dkssm lhrgm, gmihr skrí m erkdioicidmdk k ush dm tée`iem phr divkrshs prhlissih`mis. Rrhlissih`mcizmîåh Kstmokckekr emdm vkz gmis m fip`htkrmpim ehgh ugm i`tkrvk`îåh kssk`eimc `m írkm dm smúdk (mcég dk hutrms írkms), ehgh tmgoég m mugk`tmr m prhlissih`mcizmîåh dhs fip`htkrmpkutms lhrgmdhs.  

9

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic Ehgh é m fip`hsk fip`hs k `m eiê`eim k `m gkdiei` m mtumcgk`tk8 mtumcgk`tk8

M fip`hsk é ugm lkrrmgk`tm eik`tiliemgk`tk ehgprhvmdm k é rkeh`fkeidm phr divkrshs eh`skcfhs lkdkrmis dk ecmssk, ehgh h dk psiehchnim k h dk gkdiei`m. Kg gmrîh dk ?2=6, m fip`htkrmpim lhi, i`ecusivk, mekitm `h Uistkgm Ú`ieh dk Umúdk (U[U).  Mcég dissh, kxistkg kstudhs ecç`iehs quk dkgh`strmg ohms kvidê`eims dm klktividmdk dm fip`hsk `h trmtmgk`th dk divkrsms dhk`îms, ehgh dhrks mnudms hu erô`iems, gkdhs, lhoims, sç`drhgk dh i`tksti`h irritívkc, dkprkssåh, prhockgms dkrgmthcõniehs k msgm. Mpksmr dissh, i`lkcizgk`tk, ms pksquisms `h rmgh dm fip`hsk pmssmg phr divkrsms ehgpciemîûks, ehgpciemîûk s, quk lmzkg ehg quk mcnugms pksshms `h eçreuch gédieh k memdêgieh mi`dm tk`fmg prkeh`ekiths ehg m lkrrmgk`tm. Rk`sm`dh `issh, m HG@I erihu h prhjkth Fyp`hUeik`ek®,  pmrm mvm`îmr `ms pksquisms eik`tçliems `h mssu`th, tk`dh ug dilkrk`eimc ehg rkcmîåh mhs pri`eipmis prhockgms dms pksquisms eh`vk`eih`mis. Kssks prhockgms phdkg skr rksugidhs kg 4 mspkeths:

=. Mctm Mct m fktkrhnk`kidmdk fip` hsk usmdhs K`trk thdhs hs kstudhs,dhs hs géthdhs géthdhs dk usmdhs divkrnkg ehgpcktmgk`tk. [gm lmctm dk prhekdigk`ths pmdrûks mtrmpmcfm m kvhcuîåh dk pksquisms pksquisms.. M lmctm dk i`lhrgmîåh dh –tiph dk fip`hsk‗ usmdm `hs kstudhs, igpkdk quk hutrhs pksquismdhrks pksquismdh rks rkpciqukg hs rksuctmdhs.

H gksgh mlirgmrmg G. Cm`dr, G. Cilsfitz, k M. _mz, `kurheik`tistms dm GeNicc [`ivkrsity, kg ?2=>: –Mpksmr dh `úgkrh erksek`tk dk kstudhs dk `kurhigmnk`s shork fip`hsk, fí phueh eh`sk`sh shork hs gkem`isghs `kurmis k guitms i`eh`sistê`eims `kssks rksuctmdhs. M ehgpckxidmdk dm fip`hsk ehgoi`mdm ehg m lmctm dk ugm gkthdhchnim pmdråh k ehkrk`tk é h ghtivh dkssm fktkrhnk`kidmdk dk rksuctmdhs.‗  Kg ?2=5,M.kg ugm pksquism dms [`ivkrsidmdks Fucc k dk Ufkllikcd, N. Gmzzh`i, \k``kri, ^. J. GeNkhw` k I. Airsef skdkqukstih`mrmg: –Rhr eh`tm dkstm situmîåh dk diserkpï`eim dk dmdhs, m qukståh kssk`eimc quk pkrgm`kek skg rksphstm é: mté quk ph`th m fip`hsk é ug kstmdh (eh`seik`tk) dk `kurhlisihchnim mctkrmdh8‗  Dilkrk`eimc HG@I HG@I:: ush us h dk géthdhs géthdh s mctmgk`tk mctmgk`tk pmdrh` izmdhs @hssh géthdh ehg ekrtiliemîåh IUH é pmdrh`izmdh rkpcieívkc. É uticizmdh kxmtmgk`tk h gksgh prhekssh pmrm thdhs ms pksshms mh rkdhr dh gu`dh. Issh rkduz sin`iliemtivmgk`tk m vmriï`eim k`trk kstudhs k pkrgitk quk hs kstudhs skjmg rkpciemdhs phr dilkrk`tks nruphs dk pksquism.

=2

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic ?. Dkli` Dkli` iîûks divkrnk`tks div krnk`tks hu i`mdkqumdms M dkli`iîåh dh kstmdh fip`õtieh `hs kstudhs é rmrmgk`tk dkseritm. Ukg ugm dkli`iîåh ecmrm dms eh`diîûks, m ehgpmrmoicidmdk dhs kstudhs é kxtrkgmgk`tk cigitmdm. Dilkrk`eimc HG@I:  dkli`iîûks ec mrms mrms M HG@I dkli`k, ehg eritérihs ecmrhs, dilkrk`tks kstmdhs dk fip`hsk. Omskmdh `issh, fí m phssioicidmdk dk rksph`dkr ugm dms gmis i`tkrkssm`t i`tkrkssm`tks ks pkrnu`tms dkssk gkih: fí kstmdhs dilkrk`tks dk fip`hsk k kxistk ugm ehrrkcmîåh `kurmc ecmrm dkcks8 5. Géthd Géthd hs ishcmdhs dk mvmcimîåh mvmcimîåh @hrgmcgk`tk shgk`tk ugm mvmcimîåh `kurhlisihcõniem é usmdm sk`dh nkrmcgk`tk m rkssh`ï`eim gmn`étiem lu`eih`mc (lG_I) hu h kcktrhk`eklmchnrmgm (KKN). Rhrég, idkmcgk`tk kssks géthdhs dkvkg skr usmdhs kg eh`ju`th, ugm vkz quk gkdkg dilkrk`tks mspkeths dk lu`îûks ekrkormis. Dilkrk`eimc HG@I:  divkrshs géthdhs dk mvmcimîåh Emdm mvmcimîåh dk `kurhigmnkg tkg vm`tmnk`s k dksvm`tmnk`s. Ehg m ehgoi`mîåh dk mvmcimîûks ehgpckgk`tmrks é phssçvkc hotkr rksuctmdhs gmis eh`ecusivhs k prhlu`dhs shork hs gkem`isghs lu`eih`mis dm fip`hsk. [ticizmghs `hs `hsshs kstudhs h lG_I, KKN k G_U (`kurhquçgiem ekrkormc), mcég dk ug tigk guctidiseipci`mr pmrm m`mcismr hs rksuctmdhs.

Giefmkc Mrrudm sk prkpmrm`dh pmrm k`trmr `m gíqui`m dk lG_I k lmzkr ms igmnk`s dh eérkorh kg dilkrk`tks kstmdhs dk fip`hsk ==

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic 4. Mghstrms i`sulieik`tk i`suli eik`tkss Kssk ph`th é erçtieh, phis mlktm h vmchr kstmtçstieh dm m`ícisk. Mté k`tåh, kstudhs kstud hs dk fip`hsk phr `kurhigmnkg såh lkiths ehg mghstrms guith pkquk`ms, nkrmcgk`tk guith momixh dk ?2 sujkiths phr nruph. Dilkrk`eimc HG@I: HG@I: mcth mcth `úgkrh dk d k mghst mghstrms rms Rkch gk`hs ;2 sujkiths såh uticizmdhs kg emdm ugm dk `hssms mvmcimîûks, ehg h hojktivh dk prhduzir rksuctmdhs kstmtçstiehs mdkqumdhs. Mcég dissh, thdhs hs `hsshs sujkiths kståh lmgicimrizmdhs ehg hs kstmdhs dk fip`hsk. Issh phssioicitm i`lhrgmîûks dktmcfmdms shork ms eh`diîûks kxpkrigk`tmdms, quk é kssk`eimc pmrm m i`tkrprktmîåh dhs dmdhs dms `kurhigmnk`s.

Ehg kssks qumtrh dilkrk`eimis, rkshcvkghs thdhs ms qukstûks quk i`lcuk`eimg `knmtivmgk`tk `knmtivmgk` tk ms pksquisms eik`tçliems shork h tkgm. Mtumcgk`tk, h Fyp`hUeik`ek é h ú`ieh prhjkth dk pksquism eik`tçliem kg fip`hsk ehg tmis pmdrûks dk kxinê`eim k i`vkstigk`th, sigicmr mh uticizmdh phr i`dústrims lmrgmeêutiems kg tkstks dk gkdiemgk`ths. Lmsk mtumc dms pksquisms dm HG@I: H hojktivh i`ieimc dh prhjkth é lmzkr m fip`hsk gmis tm`nçvkc eik`tilie eik`tiliemgk`tk. mgk`tk. Rhr issh, ehgh prigkirm lmsk dhs kstudhs, lhemghs kg mvmcimr ms dilkrk`îms `h eérkorh k`trk h kstmdh dk vinçcim (skg fip`hsk), sh`mgoucisgh k kstmdh Ksdmick.

Hs rksuctmdhs lhrmg surprkk`dk`tks pmrm `õs k pmrm hs eik`tistms. Rudkghs dkgh`strmrr dilkrk`îms ecmrms `m eh`ketividmdk k`trk írkms ekrkormis kg emdm ug dhs dkgh`strm kstmdhs.. Tmis rksuctmdhs såh i`édiths dk`trh dh gkih eik`tçlieh k skråh puociemdhs kg kstmdhs orkvk. Rmrm i`lhrgmîûks shork h Fyp`hUeik`ek, mekssk: mekssk:  fttps://fyp`h.seik`ek fttps://fyp`h.seik`ek  (kg mckgåh). 

@kurheik`tistm Giak Orónnkr kxpciem`dh kstudhs mh Giefmkc Mrrudm, @kurheik`tistm `h ek`trh dk pksquism dm [`ivkrsidmdk dk Zuriquk. =?

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

H quk mprk`dkrki `m Lhrgmîåh dk Fip`htkrmpkutm Fip`htkrmpkutm HG@I Rrhvmvkcgk`tk vheê kstí eurihsh pmrm smokr issh. \heê tkrí mucms quk tk k`si`mråh tud tudh h h quk qu k vheê prkeism smokr  smokr  pmrm  pmrm mjudmr mcnuég m sk trm`slhrgmr pkcm fip`htkrmpim. \heê mprk`dkrí shork ehgh surniu m Fip`hsk `h gu`dh, qumis såh hs pri`eipmis gkdhs k giths kg thr`h dkssk tkgm k ehgh m sum gk`tk lu`eih`m. \heê vmi mprk`dkr ms tée`iems dk fip`htkrmpim gmis klieik`tks dh gu`dh, quk lhrmg dksk`vhcvidms phr nrm`dks ck`dms. K h gkcfhr: mprk`dkr issh ehg gmtkrimis quk vikrmg dm prõprim lh`tk dkstk eh`fkeigk`th. Gms, cí `h lu`dh, ski quk `åh é issh quk vheê dkskjm smokr. H quk vheê rkmcgk`tk qukr smokr (hu pkch gk`hs dkvkrim qukrkr smokr) é shork hs rksuctmdhs quk kstks eh`fkeigk`ths iråh tk trmzkr. Rmrm k`tk`dkr issh, vheê prkeism eh`fkekr ehgh lu`eih`m m di`ïgiem dh quk lmzkghs `m HG@I...

Hs dhis `çvkis dk mprk`dizmdh mprk`dizmdh dm Lhrgmîåh HG@I

@åh é m qum`tidmdk dk eh`fkeigk`th quk vheê tkg quk ditm hs skus rksuctmdhs. \heê prhvmvkcgk`tk eh`fkek mcnugms pksshms quk smokg guith shork ug mssu`th, tmcvkz mté lizkrmg guiths eurshs memdêgiehs, ehgh dhuthrmdhs k kspkeimcizmîûks, phrég `åh phssukg rksuctmdhs d ilkrk`eimdhs ilkrk`eimdhs  `mqukcm írkm. Kg eh`trmpmrtidm, pmrkek quk fí pksshms quk sk kslhrîmg mté gk`hs pmrm mdquirir eh`fkeigk`th, gms phssukg gmis suekssh pksshmc pksshmc k pr prhlissi hlissih`mc h`mc dh quk guitms hutrms. @åh é vkrdmdk8 Issh meh`tkek phrquk m sum empmeidmdk dk prhduzir rksuctmdh  é prhphreih`mc  â sum empmeidmdk dk mpciem mpciemrr h eh`fkeigk`th eh`fkeigk`th . Eh`fkeigk`th tée`ieh sk mdquirk mprk`dk`dh k kstudm`dh, hu skjm, kstí `h `çvkc eh`seik`tk. Gms `m fhrm dm prítiem, `m vidm rkmc, r kmc, pmrm hotkr rksuctmdhs, vheê dkvkrí skr empmz dk   hs gkcfhrks eh`fkeigk`ths tée`iehs k kxpkriê`eims quk vheê phssui mç skckeih`mr  hs dk`trh, kg gkih m ugm vidm dk mprk`dizmdhs. Mcég dissh, é `kekssírih tkr eh`lim`îm  kg si gksgh k lmzkr hutrms pksshms eh`limrkg quk vheê phssui h eh`fkeigk`th. Uõ dkphis dissh vheê eh`sknuirim mpciemr   h quk vheê smok. Kssm empmeidmdk dk mpciemr h eh`fkeigk`th quk vheê tkg kstí `h `çvkc suoeh`seik`tk. Uåh thdms ms sums kxpkriê`eims kgheih`mis k erk`îms quk tk kgpurrmg (hu tk sknurmg) pmrm lmzkr h quk vheê mprk`dku m lmzkr. Uk vheê (m `çvkc suoeh`seik`tk) `åh kstivkr prkpmrmdh, `åh igphrtm h quk vheê mprk`dm hu lmîm, `m fhrm F, surnirí m i`sknurm`îm k hs rksuctm r ksuctmdhs dhs l uniråh dk vheê vheê..  =5

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

É ehgh ug gédieh quk kstudm 6 m`hs pmrm mprk`dkr m lmzkr ugm eirurnim: kck mté smok lmzkr, phrég, `åh eh`lim quk é ohg h sulieik`tk. K`tåh, lhnk dms hphrtu`idmdks k numrdm ug eh`fkeigk`th guith phdkrhsh mpk`ms pmrm si gksgh, skg `u`em mjudmr `i`nuég. @ÅH qukrkghs quk qu k vheê skjm skjm ug fip`h fi p`htkrmpk tkrmpkutm utm tkõrieh. tkõrie h.  M `hssm gissåh é gudmr h gu`dh trm`slhrgm`dh vidms, k issh sõ é phssçvkc sk vheê _KMCGK@TK eh`sknuir prhduzir rksuctmdh kg si gksgh k `ms pksshms m sum vhctm mpõs kstm lhrgmîåh.

Rhr issh, vmghs trmomcfmr hs dhis `çvkis dm sum gk`tk: vmghs k`si`mr fip`htkrmpim pmrm sum gk`tk eh`seik`tk k tmgoég prkpmrmr m sum gk`tk suoeh`seik`tk. @h `çvkc eh`seik`tk:

\heê mprk`dkrí T[DH shork fip`hsk k fip`htkrmpim purm. M kssê`eim dk thdms ms tée`iems, pmrm quk vheê skjm empmz dk mpciemr phr si prõprih, smok`dh h quk kstí lmzk`dh, k `åh mpk`ms ehpim`dh hu igitm`dh mcnugms pmcmvrms. Mcég dk mprk`dkr m hrinkg dk thdhs hs eh`fkeigk`ths, mprk`dkrí h quk kvhcuiu dksdk `hssms omsks, k phr quk ms vmrimîûks mtumis såh gmis kliemzks. Tudh h quk lmzkghs fí ug ghtivh, `åh fí `mdm phr memsh. @h `çvkc suoeh`seik`tk: I`stmcmrkghs dimrimgk`tk, ju`th ehg vheê, mtrmvés dk kxpkriê`eims i`tk`sivms k fip`htkrmpimss dk nruph, ms sknui`tks prhnrmgmîûks `m sum gk`tk gmis prhlu`dm: fip`htkrmpim • • • • • • •

             

Moshrvkr gmis rípidh thdhs hs eh`fkeigk`ths Eh`lim`îm pmrm mpciemr thdms ms tée`iems mprk`didms Lmeicidmdk k `mturmcidmdk pmrm prmtiemr m fip`htkrmpim Uknurm`îm kg mtk`dkr Eh`seiê`e Eh`seiê`eim im pmrm sk hoskrvmr k kvhcuir Gkrkeigk`th Uuekssh pksshmc k prhlissih`mc

Hu skjm, uticizmghs dms `hssms prõprims tée`iems pmrm trm`slhrgmr vheê kg ug fip`htkrmpkutm.  

Mcu`h kgheih`mdh mpõs pmssmr phr ugm tée`iem dk trm`slhrgmîåh =4

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic _ksuctmdh li`mc kspkrmdh:  Mqui  Mq ui skrí skr í dil di l krk`tk krk` tk dk ttud ud h h qu k jí vi v i vku , sk mssig vheê quiskr k pkrgitir.

H mprk`dizmdh quk vheê tkrí `hs prõxighs dims `åh skrvirí shgk`tk pmrm m sum mtumîåh prhlissih`mc, `kg gksgh liemrí sõ m `çvkc eh`seik`tk. Justmgk`tk phr k`tk`dkr shork h lu`eih`mgk`th dm gk`tk, m Lhrgmîåh dk Fip`htkrmpkutm HG@I lhnk dhs pmdrûks. H mprk`dizmdh skrí tmgoég shork vheê gksgh, shork m sum vidm, shork ehgh sk thr`mr qukg vheê qukr sk thr`mr. É pri`eipmcgk`tk dissh quk sk trmtm. @m vkrdmdk, m trm`slhrgmîåh pksshmc quk hs kstudm`tks têg ehg m lhrgmîåh é tåh nrm`dk, quk guiths efknmg mté `õs phr i`diemîåh k skg `k`fugm prktk`såh dk sknuirkg emrrkirm ehgh fip`htkrmpku fip`htkrmpkutms, tms, gms mpk`ms phrquk qukrkg gkcfh gkcfhrmr rmr emdm vkz gmis k`qum`th skrks fugm`hs. @õs merkditmghs quk é `kekssírih skr trm`slhrgmdh trm`sl hrgmdh pmrm p mrm mprk`dkr m trm`slh rgmr , k é phr issh quk i`vkstighs `m sum jhr`mdm pmrm quk vheê phssm smir prh`th pmrm trm`slhrgmr vidms h`dk qukr quk kstkjm. Dkphis dm Lhrgmîåh, ms pksshms gmis prõxigms dk vheê `htmråh quk vheê gudhu. Uku jkith dk Tudh cidmr ehg prhockgms, sumgmis, disphsiîåh `hpkrgitir) dim m dim,dksku mghr pmrmhuehg hs hutrhs... issh hs gudmrí (k guith sk vheê ugm lhrgm dk hutrm. Issh meh`tkek skjm phr sigpcksgk`tk k`tk`dkr dk gm`kirm gmis prhlu`dm m rkspkith dh lu`eih`mgk`th dm gk`tk, skjm pkcms fip`htkrmpims ehcktivms quk tkrkghs, hu mté gksgh phr mprk`dkr m prmtiemr gkcfhr k ehg gmis lrkquê`eim m muth-fip`hsk... H lmth é quk vheê skrí ugm `hvm pksshm (guith gkcfhr) qum`dh pmssmr phr kssm kxpkriê`eim.

–Ousquki m HG@I pkch i`tkrkssk

`m fip`htkrmpim mpk`ms, phis skgprk eh`sidkrki quk ti`fm ugm vidm ohm k krm okg rkshcvidm ehginh gksgm. Rhrég h quk k`eh`trki lhi guith mcég dh quk ku kspkrmvm. Dksehori quk ku ti`fm ug phtk`eimc guith gmihr, trmtki lkridms quk ku dkseh`fkeim k mprk`di guith shork gig gksgm. Ku si`th quk gk thr`ki ugm `hvm pksshm, guith gkcfhr k mi`dm gmis lkciz k nrmtm pkcm gi`fm vidm.‗ Juci m G G..  Li`mcizm`dh ugm fip`htkrmpim ehcktivm pmrm erk`îms dk gkrkeigk`th =;

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

Eh`tkúdh prhnrmgítieh dm Lhrgmîåh dk Fip`htkrmpkutm HG@I  M gi g i th c hni hn i m dm fip f ip `hsk `h sk \heê vmi mprk`dkr m rkspkith dhs ph`ths gmis igphrtm`tks dm fistõrim k dh dksk`vhcvigk`th dm fip`hsk k ehgh efknmghs âs tée`iems gmis ghdkr`ms. Ehg issh, smokrí ehgh mjudmr m eh`ti`umr kvhcui`dh kstks prheksshs.  

 M ` mtu mturkzm rkzm dm d m fi p`hs p` hsk k \heê vmi smokr dk ugm vkz phr thdms, omskm`dh-sk kg lmths, ehgh k phr quk m fip`hsk lu`eih`m, phdk`dh sk thr`mr, mssig, ug prhlissih`mc gmis sknurh k ehgpktk`tk.

\hemoucírih dm fip`hsk \hemoucírih \heê vmi mprk`dkr h sin`iliemdh dms tkrgi`hchnims efmvks k skrí

empmz dk diseutir i`tkcink`tkgk`tk m fip`hsk k kvitmrekrtms hs krrhs gmis igphrtm`tks dk lrmskhchnim. \mi smokr mi`dm qum`dh pmcmvrms phdkg hu dkvkg skr usmdms k qum`dh kcms dkvkråh skr dkli`itivmgk`tk dkli`itivmgk` tk kvitmdms.

I`duîåh d k Dmvk Dmvk Kcgm` Kvhcuçdm Kvhc uçdm \heê vmi tkr mekssh âs mctkrmîûks dh Nkrmcd Aki` dm gkcfhr i`duîåh  jí dksk`vhcvidm, quk ckvm 92% dhs ecik`tks mh sh`mgoucisgh kg phuehs gi`uths, `m prigkirm mpciemîåh. Lmrí kxkreçeihs prítiehs pmrm fip`htizmr ehg suekssh kg > gi`uths hu gk`hs jí `h prigkirh dim dk trki`mgk`th. Umokrí h quk lmzkr qum`dh `åh lu`eih`mr, ehgh cidmr ehg emshs kxekpeih`mis k h quk `u`em dkvkrim skr lkith.

 Mt mcf hs dm I`du  Mtmcf I` du îåh dk Dmvk Dmv k Kcgm` Kcg m` \heê smokrí qum`dh k ehgh rkduzir m i`duîåh dk Dmvk Kcgm` m sknu`dhs pmrm phdkr i`vkstir h rkstm`tk dh tkgph `h prhekssh tkrmpêutieh tkrmpêuti eh kg si.

I`duîûks ecíssiems dk fip`hsk

\heê i`duîûks ecíssiems k mctkr`mtivms pmrm  ug gmihr mprk`dkrí rkpkrtõrih kdivkrsms k`tk`digk`th dh lu`eih`mgk`th dms i`duîûks.

=<

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

Kxkreçeihs dk Uunkstih`moicidmdk \heê mprk`dkrí ehgh tkstmr h i`tkrkssk dk mcnuég `m fip`hsk, gksgh skg m pksshm prkeismr lkefmr hs hcfhs. Mcég dissh, issh é ugm õtigm lhrgm pmrm mprksk`tmr m fip`hsk kg situmîûks sheimis.

H lmthr erçtieh er çtieh (LE) (LE) k ehgh mtrmvkssí-ch K`tk`dkrí ehgh lu`eih`m h lictrh dm `hssm gk`tk k h phrquê thdhs quk `åh h k`tk`dk kståh sujkiths m divkrshs –risehs‗ `m vidm. Mcég dissh, smokrí ehgh mtrmvkssmr kstk lictrh kg vheê hu kg hutrms pksshms.

Dilkrk`eim`dh fip`hsk dk sunkståh

\heê mprk`dkrí tudh shork mtitudks gk`tmis k h phrquê mcnugms pksshms `åh mekitmg ekrtms ms sunkstûks. Umokrí ehgh nmrm`tir quk m sunkståh skjm mekitm kg qumcqukr pksshm, dkixm`dh h prhekssh tkrmpêutieh tkrmpêuti eh mi`dm gmis kliemz.

@çvkis dk trm`sk fip`õtieh \heê smokrí ms dilkrk`îms k pmrtieucmridmdks dk emdm `çvkc hu kstínih dk trm`sk fip`õtieh, ehgh rkeh`fkeê-chs k usí-chs. Rhdkrí ehgpmrmr skus eh`fkeigk`ths k usmr issh m sku lmvhr, dk mehrdh ehg emdm emsh eh`erkth kspkeçlieh.

I`lcu ê`eim dm gk`t gk`tk k `m sum vidm vid m k `m vidm dhs sskus kus eci ecik`tks k`tks \heê mprk`dkrí mprk`dkr í h phrquê vheê lmz h quk lmz, dksdk h ghtivh quk vheê nhstm dk mcnug mcigk`th kspkeçlieh mté h ghtivh dk vheê qukrkr skr fip`htkrmpkutm. Kssm é ugm dms omsks pmrm k`tk`dkr ehgh ms pksshms phdkg skr trm`slhrgmdms.

Ku ousquki m lhrgmîåh pmrm gk eh`fkekr gkcfhr k k`tk`dkr h quk emusm h shlrigk`th kg gig k `ms pksshms, gms ku k`eh`trki guith gmis. K`tk`dkr m fip`htkrmpim é ehgh ugm rkdk`îåh1 m rkdk`îåh dh gkdh, dm eucpm, dm m`sikdmdk... Ehg ekrtkzm skrki ug divucnmdhr dissh, phis ms pksshms prkeismg smokr dkssk phdkr. Lrm`eish - Kgprksírih Kgprksí rih

=>

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

Ehgh kxpciemr m fip`hsk Omskmdh `m dkli`iîåh dk fip`hsk, vheê mprk`dkrí kxpcieí-cm dk lhrgm i`tkcink`tk k mprksk`tmr m fip`htkrmpim pmrm qumcqukr i`tkrkssmdh, skjm ug kxpkrt hu ug ckinh `h mssu`th. Dkssk ghdh, smokrí kxmtmgk`tk kxmtmgk` tk ehgh trm`sgitir muthridmdk pmrm sku ecik`tk.

 M gk`t g k`tk k eh`s eh `sei eik`t k`tk k \heê irí k`tk`dkr m dkli`iîåh k ms tmrklms dm gk`tk eh`seik`tk, h ghtivh pkch qumc kcm phdk thr`mr `hssm vidm dilçeic k ehgh kssk eh`fkeigk`th,, shzi`fh, phdk mjudmr hs ecik`tks. eh`fkeigk`th

 M gk`t g k`tk k suoe su oeh` h` se seii k`tk k`t k \heê irí mprk`dkr tudh shork h kckgk`th gmis igphrtm`tk `m tkrmpim ehg fip`hsk: dkli`iîåh k tmrklms, h quk eh`tég `m gk`tk

suoeh`seik`tk, ehgh mekssí-cm k lmzkr ehg quk trmomcfk mh sku lmvhr. suoeh`seik`tk,    M gk`t g k`tk k ii`e `eh` h` se seik` ik`tk tk \heê smokrí h quk é m gk`tk i`eh`seik`tk, ehgh lu`eih`m, qumis kckgk`ths phssui, phr quk `åh é phssçvkc i`lcuk`eií-cm dirktmgk`tk k ehgh usí-cm dk lhrgms sin`iliemtivms.

 M gk`t g k`tk k supkr su pkreh eh`s `sei eik`t k`tk k \heê k`tk`dkrí h quk é m gk`tk supkreh`seik`tk, qumc m sum m lu`îåh k ehgh phdkghs usí-cm kg `hssh ok`klçeih.

H`dms mcpfm, tfktm k dkctm H quk h`dms mcpfm, tfktm k dkctm tkg m vkr ehg fip`hsk: `mdm. \heê smokrí h ghtivh.

 Ms gk`ti gk` ti rms sh shor ork k m fip` fi p` hs hsk k \heê k`tk`dkrí tudh shork hs prkeh`ekiths k giths gmis ehgu`s kg

thr`h dm fip`hsk k ehgh cidmr ehg kcks (k mté usí-chs m sku lmvhr).   =6

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

Uupkrm`dh rksistê`eims \heê mprk`dkrí m rkeh`fkekr k shcueih`mr prhockgms k hostíeuchs pmrm i`duîåh fip`õtiem k phdkrí fip`htizmr qumcqukr ug quk dkskjk. Umokrí, i`ecusivk, ehgh cidmr ehg m –rksistê`eim‗ –r ksistê`eim‗ dk ecik`tks. 

 M kssê` ks sê`ei ei m dms i `d uî uîûks ûks fi fip` p` õti õt i ems   \heê mprk`dkrí h phrquê ms i`duîûks lu`eih`mg k ehg issh smokrí erimr sums prõprims i`duîûks, pmrm `åh dkpk`dkr dk géthdhs dk tkrekirhs pmrm i`duzir  mcnuég mh trm`sk fip`õtieh.  

Uunkstûks ph sitivms klieik`tks Uunkstûks klieik`tks \heê vmi smokr ehgh kstruturmr ugm sunkståh k usí-cm dk lhrgm ehrrktm k kspkeçliem. K`tk`dkrí qumis tiphs dk sunkstûks dkvkg skr kvitmdhs k ehgh mssknurmr quk kcms sk lixkg `m gk`tk suoeh`seik`tk, pmrm gkcfhrmr m qumcidmdk dk vidm dk mcnuég (k mté gksgh m sum prõprim) ehgh ug thdh.

UTKGU \heê smokrí i`duzir m fip`hsk usm`dh m kghîåh mtrmvés dkstm lkrrmgk`tm mdkqumdm kspkeimcgk`tk pmrm emshs dilçekis k ehg prhockgms prhlu`dhs. É ugm tée`iem pmrm prmtiem`tks mvm`îmdhs k vheê k`tk`dkrí h quk dkvk skr ckvmdh kg eh`sidkrmîåh pmrm kstmr prkpmrmdh pmrm qumcqukr situmîåh.

Eh`kxåh k`trk mcu`hs mpõs prítiem dk fip`htkrmpim =9

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

Fip`hs k kg Fip`hsk kg gk`hs d k 52 52 sk sknu` nu`dhs dhs ]um`th gmis rípidh fip`htizmr skus ecik`tks, gmis tkgph tkrí pmrm m rkmc tkrmpim. \heê mprk`dkrí k prmtiemrí guitms tée`iems mvm`îmdms pmrm fip`htizmr qumcqukr pksshm kg phuehs sknu`dhs.  

Géthdhs dk i`duîåh fip` õtiem dislmrîm Géthdhs disl mrîmdm dm \heê mprk`dkrí m fip`htizmr ms pksshms skg ugm i`duîåh lhrgmc k skg gksgh usmr m pmcmvrm –fip`hsk‗, kvitm`dh, i`ecusivk, prkeh`ekiths.

Fip`hsk sick`eihsm sic k`eihsm \heê smokrí fip`htizmr ms pksshms skg dizkr ugm pmcmvrm dk gm`kirm kliemz.

Géthdhs Géthd hs dk fip`hsk fip`h sk kg kg kstmdh vinçcim \heê irí mprk`dkr hs géthdhs k tée`iems gmis kliemzks pmrm dmr sunkstûks kg fip`hsk kg vinçcim (fip`htizmr skg quk m pksshm smiom quk vheê kstí fip`htizm`dh). Mcég dissh, vkrí kxkgpchs dk ush dm fip`hsk kg vinçcim pmrm vk`dms, rku`iûks k `knheimîûks.

 Mp rh lu `d mgk`t  Mprh mgk` t h dh d h trm`s tr m`sk k fip` fi p`õt õt ie ieh h \heê irí dhgi`mr gmis dk =2 tée`iems dilkrk`tks, ehg diems k truquks dk mprhlu`dmgk`th pmrm mcem`îmr ug `çvkc mdkqumdh pmrm h trmomcfh

tkrmpêutieh.

Gkdiîåh dk rksphstms k prhlu` did mdk dh trm`sk Gkdiîåh \heê smokrí pkrekokr m prhlu`didmdk dh trm`sk dh sku ecik`tk m qumcqukr ghgk`th k gkdir ehgh kck kstí sk sk`ti`dh. Eh`fkekrí hs i`diemdhrks k ms rksphstms kspkrmdms `kssks `çvkis.

Rrhlu`didmdks gíxigms Rrhlu`didmdks gíxigms \heê mprk`dkrí géthdhs k tée`iems líekis pmrm ir okg prhlu`dh k lmzkr sku ecik`tk mti`nir kssk `çvkc  ― h`dk thdm dhr, prkheupmîåh k prhockgms dksmpmrkekg. ?2

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic Eh`trhck dk mo-rkmîåh k tkrmpim dk mo-rkmîåh Mo-rkmîåh é ugm kxpchsåh kgheih`mc, nkrmcgk`tk i`kspkrmdm, quk phdk meh`tkekr kg qumcqukr prítiem dk fip`hsk (gksgh `åh tkrmpêutiem). \heê smokrí ehgh eh`trhcmr ugm mo-rkmîåh kg sknu`dhs, k, pri`eipmcgk`tk, ehgh usmr ugm mo-rkmîåh m sku lmvhr, thr`m`dh m tkrmpim ug suekssh mi`dm gmihr

Tée`iems Tée`i ems nkrmis dk rknrkssåh _knrkssåh é ugm lkrrmgk`tm guith phdkrhsm pmrm –`mvknmr‗ pkch suoeh`seik`tk dhs sku ecik`tk. \heê mprk`dkrí divkrsms lhrgms dk nuimr ugm rknrkssåh, mcég dk thdhs hs dktmcfks quk dkvkg skr kvitmdhs m thdh eusth. _knrkss _knr kss th emusk (_?E) (_?E) –_knrkssk â  emusm k rkshcvm‗. [gm gkthdhchnim kxecusivm dm HG@I shork h quk lmzkr mpõs ugm rknrkssåh. Mqui vheê mprk`dkrí ug prhekssh ecmrmgk`tk kstruturmdh kstruturmdh pmrm rkshcvkr gksgh hs prhockgms gmis prhlu`dhs. Ehg kstk eh`fkeigk`th, k`tk`dkrí tmgoég h ghtivh pkch qumc hutrhs géthdhs tkrmpêutiehs ehstugmg ehstugmg lmcfmr hu ``åh åh tkrkg tm`tm klieiê`eim.

_knrkssåh dk _knrkssåh d k vidms pmssm p mssmdms dms \heê smokrí ehgh trmomcfmr kg emshs quk h ecik`tk merkditk kg vidms pmssmdms. K k`tk`dkrí qumis såh ms tkhrims phr trís dissh. Tkrí mekssh, mi`dm, m rkcmths i`tkrkssm`tks dk emshs rkmis.

_knrkssåh pmrm _knrkssåh p mrm suprkgm lkcieid mdk Õtigm lhrgm dk dkgh`strmr h phtk`eimc tkrmpêutieh dm fip`htkrmpim skg k`trmr kg qukstûks trmugítiems. \heê mprk`dkrí mprk`dkrí m nuimr m gk`tk dk ugm pksshm mhs gkcfhrks ghgk`ths quk kcm vivhu (k quk guitms vkzks kcm `åh ckgorm). 

–Kstk é gku skxth eursh dk fip`hsk k phssh nmrm`tir quk lhi h gkcfhr quk jí liz mté mnhrm, pri`eipmcgk`tk phrquk `åh é k`si`mdh sõ tée`iems, é h prhekssh i`tkirh dk fip`hsk k tkrmpim. K tk`fh ekrtkzm quk vheê smirí dkssk eursh guith ohg k guith prkpmrmdh pmrm mnir `h gkremdh. K`tåh rkehgk`dh h eursh pmrm qumcqukr pksshm quk qukirm mprk`dkr ug prhekssh sérih séri h dk fip`htkrmpim. Horinmdh.‗   Umuch Lh`n - Tkrmpkutm  ?=

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

Tkrmpim phr sun kstûks dirktm Tkrmpim \heê mprk`dkrí ehgh –i`u`dmr‗ h suoeh`seik`tk ehg ugm prhnrmgmîåh kspkeçliem, mpk`ms ehg sunkstûks sunkstûks..

Trmomcfh dm erim`îm i`tkrihr \heê irí smokr ehgh trmomcfmr hs kstmdhs dk knh mducth kg situmîûks dh pmssmdh k  ehgh usmr kssks kvk`ths pmrm kspkeiliemgk`tk i`trhduzir i`lhrgmîûks mtumis `h pmssmdh, rkssin`iliem`dh trmugms k rkk`eh`trm`dh rkk`eh`trm`d h ehisms phsitivms.

Fip`hsk kg erim`îms \heê smokrí trmomcfmr ehg erim`îms dk lhrgm rksph`sívkc k k`tk`dkrí phr quk é gmis líeic k gmis divkrtidh dh quk ehg mducths. Umokrí, mi`dm, cidmr ehg emshs dk moushs.

Tkrmpims omskmdms `m Nkstmct \heê smokrí eh`duzir m tkrmpim dm emdkirm k m tkrmpim dh ckith dk ghrtk k k`tk`dkrí m igphrtï`eim dk ciokrmr ms gínhms k ehgh rkmcizmr issh dk lhrgm ehgpktk`tk kg mcnuég.

Géthdhs Géthd hs dk d k tkrmpim tkrmpim dh pkrdåh \heê mprk`dkrí tudh shork m igphrtï`eim dh pkrdåh, ehgh mcem`îí-

ch gksgh kg situmîûks mpmrk`tkgk`tk igphssçvkis, qumis hs si`ô`ighs dk õdih, ehgh kghîûks `knmtivms `hs dkstrhkg, qumis såh ms mctkr`mtivms pmrm h pkrdåh k h quk lmzkr sk mcnuég `åh eh`sknuk pkrdhmr. Mi`dm tkrí m hphrtu`idmdk dk trm`slhrgmr sum prõprim vidm mtrmvés dkssm prítiem igphrtm`tçssigm.

Umcm ei`zm mprk`dkrí ehgh lu`eih`m m smcm ei`zm, qum`dh k ehgh kstm \heê tée`iem é usmdm pmrm ugm cigpkzm nkrmc dm gk`tk suoeh`seik`tk, mjudm`dh `m gkcfhrm dm qumcidmdk dk vidm dh sku ecik`tk.

??

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

_k`mseigk`th tkrmpêutieh \heê skrí empmz dk lmeicgk`tk rkshcvkr trmugms dk `mseigk`th durm`tk h kstmdh fip`õtieh.

M –Tkrmpim [`ivkrsmc‗ dk Nkrmcd Aki` 

[gm lhrgm dk tkrmpim guith phdkrhsm quk kxistk, quk i`ecui divkrsms lkrrmgk`tms tkrmpêutiems tkrmpêutiems mvm`îmdms, skg uticizmr rknrkssåh.

Fyp`hLcmsf \heê irí mprk`dkr kstm tée`iem sigpcks k líeic dk mpciemr pmrm kcigi`mr dhrks kg ; sknu`dhs. Lu`eih`m skg prk-tmca, prk-tmc a, skg eh`tkxth, k gksgh sk uticizmr kg ug ehgpckth dkseh`fkeidh. É õtigh pmrm emshs dk kgkrnê`eim.

Tée`iems Tée`i ems dk eh`trhck eh`t rhck dk dhr \heê irí smokr ehgh mcivimr k kcigi`mr dhrks, mprk`dk`dh tée`iems quk phdkg skr uticizmdms kg pmrths, eirurnims, hdh`thchnim, dhrks erô`iems, k`xmqukems, kte., okg ehgh tée`iems kgkrnk`eimis pmrm h mcçvih dm dhr. Umokrí h quk é pkrgitidh k h quk `åh é, pmssmrí m k`xkrnmr m dhr ehgh ug si`mc k uticizmrí ehrrktmgk`tk m fip`hsk `kssks emshs.

Dkgh`strm`dh Dkgh`st rm`dh m`kstksim fip`õtiem uticizm`dh ugm pi`îm eirúrniem ?5

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

Ehgh trmomcfmr kg ugm ú`iem skssåh \heê vmi k`tk`dkr ehgh é m kstruturm dk ugm skssåh dk fip`htkrmpim HG@I, h quk dkvk skr lkith kg thdms ms skssûks k ehgh mdmptmr h quk lhr `kekssírih dk mehrdh ehg h sku ecik`tk. Issh mugk`tmrí sin`iliemtivmgk`tk sin`iliemtivm gk`tk m efm`ek dk vvheê heê prkeismr mpk`ms dk ugm skssåh pmrm trmomcfmr h prhockgm dh sku ecik`tk, mugk`tm`dh mssig sums i`diemîûks.

Ehgm fip `õtieh `õti eh (Kstmdh Ksdmick) Ksdmick) \heê smokrí i`duzir ugm m`kstksim nkrmc kg phuehs gi`uths, usm`dh ugm –rkekitm‗ lmeicgk`tk rkpcieívkc.  Õtigm tée`iem pmrm eh`trhck dk kstrkssk k dhrks i`trmtívkis, phr kxkgpch. Hutrms mpciemîûks i`ecukg ug phrtmc pmrm `çvkis gmis prhlu`dhs. \heê mprk`dkrí tmgoég ehgh prhekdkr sk mcnuég `åh quiskr smir dkstk kstmdh ehg ugm mohrdmnkg prkeism, i`stm`tï`km k m prhvm dk prhockgms. Mi`dm tkrí ugm prítiem i`erçvkc h`dk vheê gksgh skrí i`duzidh m kssk kstmdh.

 Mu th -fip`  Muth -fi p`hs hsk k (tée`i (tée `i em dh d h ii`t `t krrup krr up t hr) hr ) M muth-fip`hsk ehg m efmgmdm –tée`iem dh i`tkrrupthr‗ é kxpciemdm k skrí i`stmcmdm kg vheê. Kstm tée`iem é prhvmvkcgk`tk m lhrgm gmis klieik`tk dk muth-fip`hsk usmdm pmrm mcem`îmr ug kstmdh igkdimth dk sh`mgoucisgh k vheê smokrí i`stmcí-cm kg hutrms pksshms tmgoég. Mprk`dkrí, mi`dm, m trmomcfmr ehg pmcmvrms-efmvk pmrm mcem`îmr ug kstmdh prhlu`dh dk muth-fip`hsk, hu mté gksgh h ehgm fip`õtieh.  

 Mu th -fip`  Muth -fi p`hs hsk k pmrm pmr m ec ecik` ik`tt ks \heê smokrí k`si`mr muth-fip`hsk pmrm hs ecik`tks usmrkg ehgh ug géthdh dk muthmjudm.

Gkdidms dk prkemuî åh pmrm ecik`tks –dk riseh‗  \heê k`tk`dkrí ehgh cidmr ehg ecik`tks quk phssumg kpickpsim, prhockgms emrdçmehs, dimoktks dimoktks hu ush dk ícehhc/ drhnms.

?4

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

H Ukch Ukch fip`õtieh fip`õti eh \heê smokrí rkeh`fkekr k rhgpkr ug skch fip`õtieh, k`tk`dk k`tk`dkrí rí qukg erihu issh k ehgh é mpciemdh, mcég dms d ms igpciemîûks étiems k ghrmis.

[ctrm-Fkinft® \heê tkrí i`struîûks dktmcfmdms dkstk kstmdh mvm`îmdh k gktmlçsieh dk fip`hsk, quk lhi dksehokrth, dksk`vhcvidh k pmtk`tkmdh phr Nkrmcd Aki`, k`si`mdh kxecusivmgk`tk phr i`struthrks HG@I quk lhrmg trki`mdhs kspkeiliemgk`tk `kssm tée`iem. Kssk kstmdh mork thtmcgk`tk `hvms phssioicidmdks dk trmomcfh tkrmpêutieh tkrmpêutieh..

[ctrm-Fkmci`n® Kssk kstmdh, tmgoég pmtk`tkmdh, dksk`vhcvidh phr Fm`srukdi ^ipl, é ehgh lhnhs dk mrtilçeih `m gk`tk dhs ecik`tks fip`htizmdhs. Kck phdk rkvkcmr i`tkirmgk`tk `hvms digk`sûks dk muthdksehokrtms k muth eurm. \heê mprk`dkrí ehgh mekssí-ch.  

 Mp c ie  Mpc iemîû mîûks ks prít p rítii ems dm f ip `hsk `h sk ec e c ç`iem ç`i em \heê tkrí hrik`tmîûks dk ehgh usmr ms tée`iems k`si`mdms `h eursh kg emshs kspkeçliehs, ehgh: muthkstigm, erimtividmdk, pkrdm dm pksh, m`hrkxim, oucigim, distúroihs skxumis, oruxisgh, mckrnims, lkrticidmdk, dimoktks, prhockgms dk prkssåh sm`nuç`km, kseckrhsk gúctipcm, eï`ekr, dkprkssåh, UEI (Uç`drhgk dh Eõch` Irritívkc), TKRT (Trm`sthr`h dk Kstrkssk Rõs-Trmugítieh), vçeihs (mcehhcisgh, drhnms kte.), situmîûks dk kgkrnê`eim (ehgh meidk`tks, prh`th-shehrrh) k hutrhs dk i`tkrkssk dhs pmrtieipm`tks.

 Mp c ie  Mpc iemîû mîûks ks gédi g édiems ems dm f ip `hsk `h sk \heê vkrí mpciemîûks gédiems k hdh`thcõniems (ehgh qukigmdurms k hutrms kgkrnê`eims) kgkrnê`eims) dm fip`hsk, m lhrgm ehrrktm dk cidmr k h qquk uk dkvk skr eh`sidkrmdh.

Kssm lhrgmîåh gudhu m lhrgm dk vkr gkus pmeik`tks. Eh`sknui i`ecusivk rktirmr hs gkdiemgk`ths dk guiths pmeik`tks. Fhjk gku trmomcfh é okg dilkrk`tk `h eh`suctõrih. Fkrks G.  ― Gédieh Rsiquimtrm ?;

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic Kcigi `mr lh oim kg mté 4>s Kcigi`mr 4>s   Tée`iem kxecusivm dm HG@I pmrm vheê trmtmr ugm lhoim kg mté 4>s dksdk h i`çeih dm mpciemîåh, dk lhrgm pkrgm`k`tk. Õtigm lhrgm dk dkgh`strmr h phtk`eimc dm fip`hsk pmrm pksshms eétiems.

Fip`hsk ehcktivm \heê mprk`dkrí m fip`htizmr ug nruph i`tkirh (kquipks, tigks, kte.), pmrm ghtiví-chs, mjudí-chs, hu sigpcksgk`tk ghstrmr h phtk`eimc dh sku trmomcfh. Mcég dissh, pmssmrí dimrimgk`tk phr fip`htkrmpim ehcktivm quk irí h lhrtmckekr gk`tmcgk`tk k kgheih`mcgk` kgheih`mcgk`tk. tk.

Ehgh lmzkr lmzkr pmckstrms k civks pmrm divucn mr m fip` hsk \heê mprk`dkrí ms gkcfhrks tée`iems pmrm nkrmr i`tkrkssk `h púocieh

kg pmckstrms m`tks hu mprksk`tmîûks h`ci`k. i`tkrkssmdhs gksgh dk vheê lmcmr\heê –ohgsmokrí dim‗.   ehgh dkixí-chs

Hrik`tmîûks cknmis cknmis \heê tkrí thdms ms hrik`tmîûks pmrm ehgkîmr sums prítiems prhlissih`mis dk lhrgm cknmc kg thdhs hs ïgoiths.

Eh`suctõrih \heê irí mprk`dkr ehgh ghoicimr sku eh`suctõrih k h quk dkvk skr ckvmdh kg eh`sidkrmîåh, mcég dh quk kvitmr m thdh eusth.

Chemis, cunmrks c unmrks k rkniûks. \heê mprk`dkrí tudh shork ehgh i`lcuk`eimr i`lcuk`eimr hs ecik`tks m pmrtir dh sku mgoik`tk dk trmomcfh. 

Durm`tk m lhrgmîåh mprk`di quk kstk skr fip`htkrmpkutm `åh é trmomcfmr ehg pksshms, gms sig ehg vidms. Rhr ku k`tk`dkr issh, mpõs ug gês jí ti`fm rkeupkrmdh thdh h gku i`vkstigk`th quk liz `m HG@I mpk`ms mtk`dk`dh. Rmgkcm O.  ― Dk  Dkixh ixh u m k`nk`fmrim pmrm skr F Fip` ip` htkrmpkutm ?<

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic Ehgh vk`dkr sum tkrmpim \heê mprk`dkrí h phrquê kstm tkrmpim é tåh vmcihsm k ehgh dkgh`strmr issh pmrm hs skus ecik`tks. K`tk`dkrí ehgh guiths fip`htkrmpkutms eh`sknukg smir dm lhrgmîåh k rkeupkrmr thdh h i`vkstigk`th kg phuems skgm`ms.

H di`fkirh d m sum gk`tk \heê mprk`dkrí h qum`th m sum gk`tk i`lcuk`eim h qum`th vheê nm`fm k h qum`th vheê eh`sknuk ehormr dhs skus ecik`tks. K`tk`dkrí quk qum`th gmis vheê mjudm ms pksshms, gmis di`fkirh vheê nm`fm. Kstk eh`tkúdh tkg h phtk`eimc dk dksochqukmr sum situmîåh li`m`ekirm.

Gkrkeigk`th k erkseigk`th [g dhs pri`eipmis ghtivhs quk igpkdkg quk ug fip`htkrmpkut fip`htkrmpkutmm skjm okg-suekdidh, hu gksgh eh`sinm trmomcfmr mpk`ms ehg m

fip`htkrmpim, såh ms erk`îms dk gkrkeigk`th. \heê lmrí kxkreçeihs pmrm dksmlimr kssks ochqukihs, ehg h hojktivh dk smir dm lhrgmîåh prh`th pmrm rkekokr guith pkcm mjudm quk vheê lmrí `ms pksshms.   I`dh mcég dm sum prõprim prõpr im rkm rkmcid cid mdk _klckxåh prhlu`dm shork ehgh vheê pkrgitiu skr dh jkith quk é fhjk k h ehgh vheê phdk erimr ugm `hvm vkrsåh dk si gksgh, ehg gmis smúdk k prhspkridmdk kg thdms ms írkms dm sum vidm.

Ori`dk li`mc pmrm ekckormr hs `hvhs fip`htkrmpkutms prhlissih`mis lhrgmdhs ?>

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

Gmtkrimis Didítiehs dm Lhrgmîåh dk Fip`htkrmpkutm Fip`htkrmpkutm HG@I  Mp hstiti c m ehgp  Mphs eh gp ckt cktm m Gmtkrimc kserith ehgpckth quk kstruturm thdhs hs tõpiehs k`si`mdhs kg eurshs.

Kstrut urm dm Kstruturm d m Ukssåh Ukssåh d k Fip`htkrm Fip`ht krmpim pim HG@ HG@II [g –gmpm‗ pcmstiliemdh, kg mctm qumcidmdk, dh prhekssh dk fip`htkrmpim ekrtiliemdh IUH 922=, pmrm hrik`tmr ehgh sk dkvk sknuir ugm –pkrlkitm‗ skssåh dk fip`htkrmpim HG@I. 

_htkirh d m I`duîåh dk Kcgm` Kcgm` Kvhcuçdm Kvhc uçdm [g rhtkirh pcmstiliemdh dm i`duîåh dk Kcgm` mpkrlkiîhmdm phr Nkrmcd Aki`, kg sum lhrgm pmdråh, pmrm skr usmdh pmrm kstudhs.  

Lhrgucírihs Divkrshs ghdkchs dk lhrgucírihs prhlissih`mis pmrm m prítiem tkrmpêutiem, tkrmpêuti em, prh`ths pmrm skrkg ehpimdhs k usmdhs `m ecç`iem .

Mcu`hs prkk`efk`dh lhrgucírih dk mvmcimîåh shork m lhrgmîåh. Gmis dk 95% dhs pmrtieipm`tks mvmcimg h trki`mgk`th ehgh kxekck`tk. ?6

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

Uuphrtk dm HG@I Ormsic pmrm Fip`htkrmpkutms HG@I \mghs skgprk ousemr mphií-ch mh gíxigh, pri`eipmcgk`tk mpõs vheê tkrgi`mr m sum lhrgmîåh. Mtumcgk`tk hlkrkekghs hs sknui`tks ok`klçeihs pmrm hs prhlissih`mis quk lhrgmghs:

Nruph dk ^fmtsmpp ^fmtsmpp hl hliei ieimc mc dm turgm tur gm Nruph kxecusivh dm sum turgm. H sku i`struthr tkg h ehgprhgissh dk tirmr thdms ms sums dúvidms phr 52 dims chnh mpõs m sum lhrgmîåh. Mpõs kssk pkrçhdh, kck dmrí gmis mtk`îåh âs `hvms turgms, mpksmr dk eh`ti`umr `h nruph.

Uuekssh dh Ecik`tk Tkghs ugm írkm `m HG@I Ormsic erimdm ehg ug ú`ieh hojktivh: mjudmr vheê m eh`quistmr h suekssh. Gksgh mpõs 52 dims dm sum lhrgmîåh, `hssm kquipk kstmrí â disphsiîåh pmrm hrik`tí-ch dm gkcfhr lhrgm dk mehrdh ehg hs skus hojktivhs.

 Mp c ie  Mpc iemti mtivh vh HG@I Kdu Mekssh vitmcçeih m ug mpp pmrm Ugmrt Tvs, M`drhid k iHU, ehg eh`tkúdhs nkrmis pmrm vheê sk mpkrlkiîhmr. Ukgm`mcgk`tk é disph`ioicizmdh ugm nrmvmîåh dk ugm fip`htkrmpim rkmc, rkmcizmdm phr ug dhs `hsshs i`struthrks. Uhghs m ú`iem i`stituiîåh dk Fip`htkrmpim m phssuir ug mpciemtivh dk kduemîåh eh`ti`umdm. 

Ehgu`idmdk dk suphrtk h`ci`k kxecusivh \heê tkrí mekssh mh nruph kxecusivh pmrm fip`htkrmpkutms lhrgmdhs pkcm HG@I Ormsic. @kstk nruph thdhs sk mjudmg. \heê phdkrí tirmr sums dúvidms k ehgpmrticfmr kxpkriê`eims ehg skus ehcknms fip`htkrmpkutms HG@I dk thdh h pmçs.

 Mucc ms kxec  Mu kx ecus usii vms pmrm pmr m kduemî kdu emîåh åh eh` e h` ti `u mdm

Rkrihdiemgk`tk Rkrihdiemgk`tk, , hsmssu`ths `hsshs i`struthrks lmzkg mucms kxecusivms, vivh hu nrmvmdms, ehg kspkeçliehs, hu gksgh pmrm tirmr m mh dúvidm dhs fip`htkrmpkutms HG@I shork mcnug tkgm.   ?9

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic HG@I Li`dkr  HG@I Li` dkr   [gm pcmtmlhrgm h`ci`k h`dk vheê phdk erimr ugm píni`m pksshmc sigpcks, ehg sum lhth k dkphigk`th dk ecik`tks. Mcég dissh, lu`eih`m tmgoég ehgh ugm pcmtmlhrgm nchomc h`dk ecik`tks kg phtk`eimc phdkg chemcizmr fip fip`htkrmpkutms `htkrmpkutms HG@I kg sums rkniûks. É phssçvkc  jí tkr ecik`tks ecik`tks m pmrtir ddmqui. mqui.

Kvk`th s HG@I Kvk`ths HG@I Rkrihdiemgk`tk lmzkghs lmzkghs ug k`eh`trh dk fip`htkrmpkutms HG@I pmrm `ktwhrai`n, i`tkrmîåh k supkrmîåh dk dksmlihs. Ukjm ug efurrmseh, ehrridm dk Amrt hu smcth dk pmrmqukdms, h quk igphrtm é `hs k`eh`trmrghs. 

Eh`tkúdhs diírihs mh vivh ehg Giefmkc Eh`tkúdhs Giefmkc Mrrudm Mrr udm Thdhs hs dims ms >:;6 dm gm`få h Giefmkc Mrrudm lmz ugm fhrm dk mucm mh vivh shork tkgms rkcmeih`mdhs m fip`hsk k fip`htkrmpim. H hojktivh pri`eipmc é divucnmr h trmomcfh dhs fip`htkrmpkutms HG@I k k`si`mr mhs fip`htkrmpkutms `hvms lhrgms dk sk divucnmrkg.

Civrh pmrm eh`vkrtkr eh`vkrtkr ecik`tk eci k`tks* s* H civrh Dksochqukik h Rhdkr dm Gk`tk, é m horm gmis vk`didm shork h tkgm `h Ormsic. Kcm lhi eh`struçdm kstrmtkniemgk`tk pmrm nkrmr i`tkrkssk kg qumcqukr pksshm pmrm pmssmr phr ugm skssåh dk fip`htkrmpim HG@I. Ehgh fip`htkrmpkutm fip`htkrmpkutm HG@I vheê phdk mdquirir h civrh mté pkcm gktmdk dh prkîh quk é vk`didh `ms pri`eipmis civrmrims.

Fip`htkrmpkutms Fip`htkrmpku tms lhrgmdhs mdquirirmg gmis dk =222 civrhs pmrm dhmrkg m luturhs ecik`tks 52

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic Uuphrtk diírih dk eh`tkúdh pmrm divucnmr m fip`htkrmpim HG@I Rmrm lhgk`tmr h gkremdh dm fip`htkrmpim k mjudmr hs prhlissih`mis lhrgmdhs `m HG@I, puociemghs dimrimgk`tk ug mrtinh `h Ochn dm HG@I Ormsic. Hs eh`tkúdhs såh kstrmtkniemgk`tk eh`struçdhs pmrm divucnmr m fip`htkrmpim HG@I. \heê ehgh fip`htkrmpku fip`htkrmpkutm tm HG@I phdk uticizí-ch â vh`tmdk, pmrm mtrmir mi`dm gmis ecik`tks.

Umcm dk Fip Fip`h `htkrmpi tkrmpim m HG@I* HG@I* Umcm dk fip`htkrmpim dk mcth pmdråh `m prõprim skdk dm HG@I, k hlkrkekghs tudh h quk vheê prkeism pmrm lhr`kekr ugm õtigm kxpkrik`eim mh sku ecik`tk. @hssm rkekpeih`istm phdkrí rkekokr rkekokr h sku ecik`tk pmrm vheê, h dkixm`dh ehg ugm kxpketmtivm mi`dm gmis kckvmdm shork h prhekssh quk lmrí ehg vheê.

Fip`ht Fip`htkrm krmpkutm pkutm dmnrm`dk HG@I HG@I Ormsic* Ormsic * tkrmpêutieh. É guith M lhrgmîåh phr sidmsõkquip tkg kug phtk`eimc ehgug pksshms k`trmrkg ehg mcnugm qukståh kgheih`mc k mh li`mc dh trki`mgk`th `åh tkr gmis h prhockgm. Tmgoég i`diemghs quk hs prõprihs mcu`hs trhqukg tkrmpim k`trk si. Rhrég, sk mpõs m lhrgmîåh vheê quiskr pmssmr phr ugm skssåh ehg mcnuég gmis kxpkrik`tk, tkghs ugm fip`htkrmpkutm quk é mehgpm`fmdm k trki`mdm eh`stm`tkgk`tk eh`stm`t kgk`tk pkch prõprih Giefmkc Mrrudm.

Trki`mgk`thss dk kspkeimcizmîåh Trki`mgk`th kspkeimcizmîåh kxecusi kxecusivhs vhs** Hlkrkekghs trki`mgk`ths trki`mgk`ths mvm`îmdhs k rkstriths mhs fip`htkrmpkutms HG@I. Mpõs m sum lhrgmîåh, fí mcnugms kspkeimcizmîûks mvm`îmdms pmrm morir `hvhs fhrizh`tks hu mekckrmr guith sum jhr`mdm prhlissih`mc. @åh kxistkg eurshs sigicmrks m kssks `h gkremdh dk fip`htkrmpim.

_keiecmnkg* @åh é `mdm ehgug fip`htkrmpkutms HG@I rklmzkr thdm m lhrgmîåh, phis mssig quk smkg dh trki`mgk`th jí pkrekokg rksuctmdhs sõcidhs k eh`sistk`tks. Rhrég mcnu`s nhstmg dk lmzkr pmrm rkvivkr m kxpkrik`eim gmrem`tk. Rhr issh, thdhs hs fip`htkrmpkutms HG@I phdkg rklmzkr m lhrgmîåh phr ugm pkquk`m pmrekcm dh prkîh hrini`mc.

*Ukrviîh ehormdh m pmrtk 5=

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

Emrnm Fhrírim k I`vkstigk`th Mtumcgk`tk m lhrgmîåh dk fip`htkrmpkutm HG@I é ehgphstm dk dums pmrtks: =ª RM_TK:

M prigkirm é h prõprih trki`mgk`th kg fip`htkrmpim HG@I, quk dmrí m vheê thdh h eh`fkeigk`th k prítiem `kekssírihs pmrm skr ug fip`htkrmpkutm qumciliemdh, phdk`dh mtk`dkr kg qumcqukr cunmr dh Ormsic k mté gksgh dh gu`dh, mcég dm trm`slhrgmîåh pksshmc hotidm. Mqui é qum`dh vheê rkekok h sku dipchgm prhlissih`mc (mpõs mprhvmîåh kg ug kxmgk dk eh`fkeigk`th). > dims dk kduemîåh m distï`eim (mh vivh k h`ci`k), ehg gmtkrimis dk kstudhs k kxkreçeihs ehgpckgk`tmrks pmrm skrkg lkiths mpõs hs fhrírihs dk mucm + = dim dh gõduch dk prkpmrmîåh pmrm m prítiem + 5 dims prksk`eimis i`tk`sivhs kg Uåh Rmuch. ?ª RM_TK:

M sknu`dm é h Rrhnrmgm Fip`htkrmpkutm Fip`h tkrmpkutm dk U Uuekssh uekssh  (RFU). H hojktivh mqui é prkpmrmr vheê mi`dm gmis pmrm mcem`îmr h suekssh ehgh fip`htkrmpkutm dk lhrgm mi`dm gmis ekrtkirm, lmzk`dh h i`vkstigk`th sk pmnmr mi`dm gmis rmpidmgk`tk.

RFU

É ug trki`mgk`th h`ci`k mvm`îmdh dk > dims eh`skeutivhs, ehg ugm mvmcimîåh k lkkdomea pmrtieucmr dh Giefmkc Mrrudm mh li`mc. I@\KUTIGK@TH:

_$=>.222,22* _$=>.222 ,22* (pmrekcmdh kg mté =?x skg jurhs) ➯  ➯ 

_HI gmis rípi rípidh dh dh quk qqumcqukr umcqukr põs-nrmdumî põs-nrmdumîåh, åh, ehg ug ddéeigh éeigh dh vm vmchr. chr. Guiths pprhlissih`mis rhlissih`mis lh lhrgmdhs rgmdhs pkcm HG@I rkeupkrmg kkstk stk i`vksti i`vkstigk`th gk`th kg mté 5 gksks, mpk`ms ehg m fip`htkrmpim.   *\mchr sujkith m mctkrmîåh skg mvish prévih.

5?

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

Lhths

Rrkpmrmîåh pmrm fip`htkrmpim ehcktivm li`mc. Thdhs hs dims hs mcu`hs pmssmg phr ug prhekssh tkrmpêutieh kg nruph, h`dk m emdm dim liem gmis i`tk`sh i `tk`sh k trm`slhrgmdhr.

Rrítiem pmrm prhekssh dk muth-ksdmick. Ksdmick fip`õtieh é ug `çvkc dk trm`sk uctrm prhlu`dh, h`dk surnk ugm m`kstksim `mturmc ksph`tï`km, sk`dh phssçvkc mté gksgh rkmcizmr eirurnims skg `k`fug tiph dk m`kstksim quçgiem.

Ukdk dm HG@I Ormsic (kspmîh dk k gi`fm kspkeimcidmdk skgprk lhi pmceh, pmckstrms, mprksk`tmîûks. Jí fmvim kstudmdh m pmrtk tkrmpêutiem, gms `u`em ti`fm sidh gku lheh pri`eipmc. Mpõs dims supkr i`tk`shs `m lhrgmîåh HG@I, ksthu guith smtislkith. Ui`th-gk prh`th pmrm ehgkîmr m –tkrmpkutizmr‗.  _mlmkc Omctrksem  ― Fip`õchnh  

Ku lui mousmdm skxumcgk`tk mhs 4 m`hs dk idmdk k dkphis mhs =6 m`hs. Merkditmvm quk jí fmvim supkrmdh, mté h ghgk`th quk ehgkeki m tkr mvkrsåh mh gku prõprih gmridh. @m lhrgmîåh rkshcvi dk lmth gku prhockgm k fhjk mjudh ek`tk`ms dk pksshms quk shlrkrmg moush. Mcég dm nrmtidåh quk rkekoh `h gku trmomcfh, nm`fh gmis di`fkirh dh quk ku igmni`mvm skr phssçvkc. Lhi rkmcgk`tk ug rk`mseigk`th pmrm gig, phr issh liz ugm tmtumnkg tmtumnk g dm HG@I `h ehrph. Juci m`m \m \mrnms rnms  

Ku gk thr`ki gédieh ehg h sh`fh dk mjudmr pksshms, gms `u`em sk`ti =22% issh `m gkdiei`m. Ku gk rkmcizki `m lhrgmîåh phrquk mnhrm ehgh fip`htkrmpkutm rkmcgk`tk mjudh ms pksshms. @u`em ehgh gédieh rkekoi mnrmdkeigk`ths tåh prhlu`dhs ehgh hs quk rkekoh mnhrm mpciem`dh m fip`htkrmpim `hs pmeik`tks. _hdhclh _hdhcl h Lkrrmz ― Gédieh Emrdihchnistm  

Lui m lhrgmîåh pcm`kjm`dh liemr mpk`ms 5 dims, pmrm tkr ugm `hîåh dh quk q uk sk trmtmvm. Mpõs h li`mc dh prigkirh dim, dksgmrquki thdm gi`fm mnk`dm pmrm phdkr eh`ecuir m lhrgmîåh. Merkdith quk kstk eh`tkúdh vmi rkvhcueih`mr m smúdk. _hskcy _hsk cy Ohsefi`i  ― Rrksidk`tk dm Kdith rm Nk Nk`tk `tk  

54

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

Ghrh `h Jmpåh, gms qukrim gk prhlissih`mcizm pr hlissih`mcizmrr `h gkcfhr cunmr dh gu`dh. @h thtmc ku prkeiski i`vkstir h kquivmck`tk m _$4?.222. \mcku emdm ek`tmvh, fhjk shu rklkrê`eim `m gi`fm rkniåh. Fk`ri Fk `ri quk @k`hai  

@m psiehchnim `åh mprk`dkghs guith shork fip`hsk, i`ecusivk ku mefmvm quk `åh krm `kg rkmc. M pmrtir dh ghgk`th quk eh`fkei m HG@I tudh gudhu. Ms erk`îms cigitm`tks quk gk igpkdimg dk mvm`îmr liemrmg pmrm trís. @h dim sknui`tk mpõs m lhrgmîåh jí ehgkeki m ehchemr kg prítiem. Dkixki gku emrnh púocieh, phrquk fhjk kg ug ú`ieh dim ku nm`fh guith gmis dh quk ku nm`fmvm h gês i`tkirh ehgh lu`eih`írim púociem púociem.. Jmeakci`k Lrm`eh  ― Rsieõchnm 

Durm`tk m lhrgmîåh mprk`di quk skr fip`htkrmpkutm `åh é shork trmomcfmr ehg pksshms, gms sig ehg vidms. Rhr ku k`tk`dkr issh, mpõs ug gês jí ti`fm rkeupkrmdh thdh h gku i`vkstigk`th quk liz `m HG@I mpk`ms mtk`dk`dh. @m HG@I mprk`di h vkrdmdkirh sin`iliemdh dk mghr. Rmgkcm Rmgk cm Oh kgks  ― Dk  Dkixh ixh u m K K`nk`fmrim `nk`fmrim pmrm sk thr`mr Fip` htkrmpkutm 

Uhu kgprksírih m ?= m`hs k trki`h kgprksírihs tm`th `hs `knõeihs qum`dh `m gk`tk. Jí kstudki guitm ehism `h gkih dh dksk`vhcvigk`th pksshmc, i`ecusivk fip`hsk. Ku vig ousemr gmis dkssk eh`fkeigk`th, gms gk surprkk`di. Nkrmcgk`tk kssks tiphs dk eursh såh guiths suojktivhs, skg ugm kstruturm cõniem pmrm rkpciemr, gms h quk ku k`eh`trki mqui, mcég dk ugm lkrrmgk`tm phdkrhsçssigm, lhi ug prhekssh ecmrh, kstruturmdh k dk líeic mpciemîåh. \mi eh`triouir guith pmrm hs gkus kvk`ths k gk`thrims. Eh`rmdh Eh`rm dh Mdhcp fh  ― Kgprksírih k muth muth r okst-skcckr  

Ku mjudh ms pksshms m sk trm`slhrgmrkg k i`vkstirkg gkcfhr, gms ehg mcnu`s meh`tkeigk`ths ku pkrekoi quk `åh eh`sknuim themr thdms ms pksshms. Lhi mç quk ku k`tk`di quk prkeismrim k`trmr ug phueh gmis lu`dh `m gk`tk dms pksshms pmrm mjudí-cms. Ku jí merkditmvm quk phdkrim mjudmr ms pksshms sk mprk`dkssk m fip`htkrmpim, phrég mpõs m lhrgmîåh, liquki dk qukixh emçdh. Lhi m gkcfhr kxpkrik`eim kg trki`mgk`th dk dksk`vhcvigk`th pksshmc quk ku jí tivk kg thdm gi`fm vidm. Fhjk gi`fm rklkrê`eim dk trki`mgk`th `htm =2 é m HG@I. Tfimnh @inr @inr h  ― Erimdhr dh Em`mc Em`mc Rrigh _ieh

Rmrm gmis dkphigk`ths, mekssk  mekssk fttps://h fttps://hg`ifyp`hsis g`ifyp`hsis.ehg.or/dkphigk .ehg.or/dkphigk`ths-hg`i-ormsic `ths-hg`i-ormsic   5;

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

Ekrtiliemdh IUH 922= M IUH 9222 é ugm sérik dk `hrgms i`tkr`meih`mis rkcmeih`mdms m nkrk`eimgk`th k nmrm`tim dk qumcidmdk. Dk`trh dkstk nruph, m gmis morm`nk`tk é m IUH 922=, quk i`ehrphrm thdhs hs ?2 kckgk`ths dk qumcidmdk dm `hrgm. Rmrm mph`tmr k idk`tiliemr kgprksms quk kståh kg eh`lhrgidmdk ehg kcms, kxistk m ekrtiliemîåh e krtiliemîåh IUH, quk hlkrkek cknitigidmdk â kgprksm hu mh skrviîh. É h gmihr ekrtiliemdh fhjk pmrm ugm kgprksm dk fip`htkrmpim k, skg dúvidm mcnugm, h gmis klktiv klktivh h   ― ― mqukck quk tk dmrí shcidkz pmrm mtumr `kssk gkremdh. M `hrgm IUH 922= eh`tm ehg sktk pri`eçpihs dk Nkståh dm ]umcidmdk, sk`dh kcks: ➯ 

Lheh `h ecik`tk:  m kgprksm dkvk trmomcfmr ehg h i`tuith dk lidkcizmr hs ecik`tks, mtk`dk`dh dk lhrgm kxekck`tk k prkvk`dh `kekssidmdks luturms.

➯ 

Cidkrm`îm:   m hrnm`izmîåh dkvk phssuir ugm kquipk sõcidm dk cidkrm`îm k hlkrkekr ms lkrrmgk`tms dk ghtivmîåh `kekssírims pmrm quk hs cidkrmdhs kxkeutkg hs prheksshs ehg klieíeim.

➯ 

K`nmjmgk`th dms pksshms:  thdhs hs ehcmohrmdhrks dm kgprksm sk k`vhcvkg K`nmjmgk`th ehg kvk`tumis prhockgms k ousemg shcueih`í-chs.

➯   Mo  Mohr hrdmn dmnkg kg

dk prhe pr hekss kssh h k Uist Uis t kgíti kgít i em pmrm pmr m m nks nkståh tåh :   m mohrdmnkg dk prhekssh sk omskim `h kstudh dms k`trmdms k dms smçdms dm kgprksm, jí `m mohrdmnkg sistêgiem dm nkståh.

➯ 

Gkcfhrim:  ms kgprksms dkvkg ehgprkk`dkr quk ousemr m gkcfhrim eh`stm`tk é ug dhs pri`eipmis hojktivhs dm nkståh dk qumcidmdk.

➯ 

Thgmdm dk dkeisåh omskmdm kg kvidê`eim:   ms kgprksms dkvkg usmr ms m`ícisks lkitms pmrm thgmrkg dkeisûks quk muxicimråh `m gkcfhrim dhs skrviîhs k prhduths1

➯ 

Nkståh dk rkcmeih`mgk`th ehg hs lhr`kekdhrks:  dkvk sk kstmokckekr ug ohg rkcmeih`mgk`th ehg lhr`kekdhrks, trmzk`dh ok`klçeih ok`klçeihss gútuhs.

@åh sõ m lhrgmîåh dk fip`htkrmpkutm HG@I, gms tmgoég h prhekssh dk fip`htkrmpim HG@I phssui m ekrtiliemîåh IUH 922=. Issh é mcnh i`édith `ms írkms dk tkrmpims k mli`s. Rmrm quk ug prhekssh mssig phssm skr ekrtiliemdh, é `kekssírih ehgprhvmr sistkgmtiemgk`tk sistkgmtiem gk`tk quk kck trmz rrksuctmdhs ksuctmdhs phsitivhs k mtk`dk âs kxpketmtivms `m nrm`dk gmihrim dms vkzks kg quk lhr rkpktidh. r kpktidh. Kssk rksuctmdh é ehgprhvmdh pkchs õrnåhs dk ekrtiliemîåhh mtrmvés dm m`ícisk dm smtislmîåh dk ec ekrtiliemîå ecik`tks. ik`tks. Rhrtm`th, kstk dheugk`th dí guitm erkdioicidmdk mh fip`htkrmpkutm pmrm mtumr `åh shgk`tk `h Ormsic, gms kg qumcqukr hutrh cunmr dh d h gu`dh h`dk m fip`htkrmpim skjm rkeh`fkeidm (m gmihrim dhs pmçsks). 5<

 

 

HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

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HG@I HG @I Fyp`hsis Fyp`hsi s Trmi`i`n Ek`tkr Ormsic

Horinmdh phr eh`sidkrmr pmrtieipmr dkstk cknmdh!

 \heê tmgoég phdk trm`slhrgmr trm`slhrgmr vidms ehg hs gkcfhrks fip`htkrmpkutms dh gu`dh!

UKJM HG@I!

 

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