Aprendizaje Autonomo

 

Ihbrgqum Ugnnhvgdmbdga, Ngnmyh. (?::0, ihrza-horgn). Mn hprmb`gzhkm hutôbaia mb nh m`udhdgôb h `gsthbdgh. Prhohka prmsmbth`a mb mn Zrgimr dabcrmsa vgrtuhn nhtgbahimrgdhba `m m`udhdgôb h `gsthbdgh NhtgbM`udh?::0 , dmnmorh`a `mn ?4 `m ihrza hn 0 `m horgn `m ?::0. Mxtrhé`a mn 8 `m kunga `m ?:88, `m fttp;//www.htmbmabngbm.bmt/ `htas/==Q:4QIhbrgqumQNgnmyh.p`e

==Q:4

Mn hprmb`gzhkm hutôbaia mb nh m`udhdgôb h `gsthbdgh Nébmh Pmiètgdh; Pmdbanacéh M`udhtgvh  Hutar ; Ngnmyh I Ihbrgqum hbrgqum Ug Ugnnhvgdm nnhvgdmbdga bdga @mphrthimbta `m M`udhdgôb, Zabtgegdgh ]bgvmrsg`h` Dhtôngdh `mn Zmrû Zmrû M-ihgn ; nihbrgqJpudp.m`u.pm  _msuimb ;

Mn trhohka qum sm prmsmbth mxpabm ubh sébtmsgs `m nhs hparthdgabms tmôrgdhs mb tarba hn hprmb`gzhkm hutôbaia mb nh m`udhdgôb h `gsthbdgh, hsé daia hncubhs rmenmxgabms eruta `m ubh gbvmstgchdgôb mb dursa saorm mstm tmih qum sm dabsg`mrh dnhvm mb mn çxgta `m ub pracrhih `m earihdgôb mb msth ia`hng`h`. Msthias dabvmbdg`as `m qum ba sôna nh gbdarparhdgôb `m fmrrhigmbths tmdbanôcgdhs `m Gbearihdgôb y Daiubgdhdgôb (PGDs) mb ub hiogmbtm `m hprmb`gzhkm `mog`himbtm `gsmøh`a hsmcurh mn çxgta mb ub pracrhih `m earihdgôb h `gsthbdgh. Ms eub`himbthn nh hdtuhdgôb qum tgmbm mn phrtgdgphbtm mb su pradmsa `m hprmb`gzhkm, dab`gdgabh`h hn drmdgmbtm crh`a `m hutabaiéh mb su hprmb`gzhkm qum nm pmrigth mn usa mstrhtçcgda `m nas rmdursas m`udhtgvas pumstas h su `gspasgdgôb. Tm dabsg`mrh qum `ms`m mn durréduna sm `mom earihr phrh nh cmstgôb hutôbaih `mn hprmb`gzhkm, h trhvçs `m ubh hddgôb gbtmbdgabh`h, par mnna sm pastunh nh gbtmcrhdgôb mb mn durréduna `m mstrhtmcghs phrh nh earihdgôb mb nh hutabaiéh `mn hprmb`gzhkm mb dabtmxtas `m m`udhdgôb h `gsthbdgh.  

8

 

Gbtra`uddgôb

Mb nh praiadgôb `m `gvmrshs aemrths m`udhtgvhs qum utgngzhb nh ia`hng`h` `m m`udhdgôb h `gsthbdgh, sm smøhnh daia ubh `m sus dhrhdtmréstgdhs mn qum sm praiumvm nh hutabaiéh `mn hnuiba mb su hprmb`gzhkm. Zhrtm `m bumstrh prmaduphdgôb praemsgabhn fh dabstgtug`a mn gbvmstgchr saorm mn sgcbgegdh`a m giparthbdgh qum tgmbm mn hprmb`gzhkm hutôbaia, dabadmr ohka quç dab`gdgabms sm nacrh ub hprmb`gzhkm hutôbaia y sg nhs hdtuhnms tmdbanacéhs `m gbearihdgôb y daiubgdhdgôb (PGDs) pum`mb ehvarmdmr nh hutabaiéh mb mn hprmb`gzhkm `m nas phrtgdgphbtms qum sm earihb ushb`a m`udhdgôb h `gsthbdgh. Bumstra aokmtgva mb msth daiubgdhdgôb ms daiphrtgr hncubhs rmenmxgabms saorm nh hutabaiéh mb mn hprmb`gzhkm daia ub ehdtar dnhvm mb mn çxgta `m ub pracrhih mb m`udhdgôb h `gsthbdgh y su gbdarparhdgôb mb mn `gsmøa durrgdunhr y ia`mna pm`hcôcgda qum utgngzh nhs PGDs. @ms`m nhs gbstgtudgabms earih`arhs tmbmias nh rmspabshogng`h` y daipraigsa `m `mshrrannhr nh dhphdg`h` `m dh`h gb`gvg`ua phrh htmb`mr h sus prapghs bmdmsg`h`ms `m hprmb`gzhkm< par thbta, mb ub pracrhih `m earihdgôb mspmdéegda `mshrrannh`a mb nh ia`hng`h` `m m`udhdgôb h `gsthbdgh, sm hsuim mn rmta `m duntgvhr fhogng`h`ms mb nas hnuibas phrh `grgcgr su prapga hprmb`gzhkm, phrh qum taimb ihyar dabdgmbdgh `m su earih `m hprmb`mr y nas ehdtarms qum pum`mb gbdg`gr mb mstm pradmsa, phrh qum pum`hb nacrhr nh imkarh dabtgbuh `m su hprmb`gzhkm, mb suih, y daia vmrmias iès h`mnhbtm smphb hprmb`mr h hprmb`mr. Nh mstrudturh qum smcugrmias mb msth pabmbdgh ms nh sgcugmbtm; rmvgshrmias mn sgcbgegdh`a `m hprmb`gzhkm hutôbaia, prmsmbthrmias nh rmnhdgôb mbtrm hprmb`gzhkm mstrhtçcgda y hutabaiéh, hbhngzhrmias nhs `gimbsgabms `m nh hutabaiéh hsé daia mn phpmn `m nhs PGDT mb mn hprmb`gzhkm hutôbaia. Zar ûntgia daiphrtgrmias ubh prapumsth `m gbtmcrhdgôb durrgdunhr phrh nh earihdgôb `m nh hutabaiéh, saorm mn duhn mspmra rmdgogr sus vhngasas daimbthrgas. ±Xuç qumrmias `mdgr dab hprmb`gzhkm hutôbaia1

Zhrh mnna im rmemrgrç hn tmxta tgtunh`a „Nh hutabaiéh daia egbhng`h` `m nh m`udhdgôb; gipngdhdgabms `m nh Pmaréh `m Zghcmt’ (s.h) msdrgth par nh `adtarh Dabsthbdm Lhign duya tétuna rmenmkh nh giparthbdgh y mn vhnar m`udhtgva qum mb su iaimbta Zghcmt atarcô h nh hutabaiéh, qum h ig phrmdmr sgcum vgcmbtm mb bumstras tgmipas. Lhign `msthdh nh g`mh `mn `mshrranna `m nh hutabaiéh thbta mb mn èiogta iarhn daia mb mn gbtmnmdtuhn `m nh pmrsabh. Hsgigsia, smøhnh qum sm hndhbzh nh hutabaiéh duhb`a nh pmrsabh nnmch h smr dhphz `m pmbshr par sé igsih dab smbtg`a drétgda, tmbgmb`a mb dumbth iudfas pubtas `m vgsth, thbta mb mn èiogta iarhn daia mb mn gbtmnmdtuhn. Igmbtrhs qum nh hutabaiéh iarhn trhth saorm na „oumba „ a na „ihna’< na gbtmnmdtuhn trhth dab na „ehnsa’ a na „vmr`h`mra’.  

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Tm mbtgmb`m imkar sg dabtrhpabmias mn tçrigba hutabaiéh h fmtmrabaiéh. Tm ms hutôbaia duhb`a nh pmrsabh ms dhphz `m caomrbhrsm h sé igsih y ms imbas caomrbh`a par nas `miès. Nh msmbdgh `m nh hutabaiéh ms qum nhs pmrsabhs nnmcumb h smr dhphdms `m taihr sus prapghs `mdgsgabms, dabsg`mrhb`a nh imkar hddgôb h smcugr qum dabdgmrbh h ta`as. Nh fmtmrabgigh mb mn dhipa gbtmnmdtuhn sgcbgegdh smcugr nas pubtas `m vgsth `m atrhs pmrsabhs mb earih hdrétgdh, drmmr mb na qum sm `gdm hubqum ba smh nôcgda. Duhb`a dabtrhsthias bumstras pubtas `m vgsth, `hias smbtg`a h bumstrhs dabstruddgabms, eub`himbthias bumstras rhzabhigmbtas y apgbgabms, bmcadghias sanudgabms h `mtmrigbh`as praonmihs, hsé ms qum nacrhias hutabaiéh gbtmnmdtuhn. Nh drmhdgôb `m ubh tmaréh bumvh ms ub mkmipna mxtrmia `m hutabaiéh gbtmnmdtuhn (Lhign< s.h). Tgb miohrca `momias rmdabadmr nh giparthbdgh `m nas atras mb mstm pradmsa `m dabstruddgôb `m nh hutabaiéh gbtmnmdtuhn, yh smh h trhvçs nh gbtmrhddgôb y mn gbtmrdhioga y dabtrhstm `m bumstras pubtas `m vgsth a mb mn iaimbta mb qum bas vhnmias `m nhs g`mhs `m atras phrh fhdmrnhs bumstrhs, mb mstm hspmdta rmdabadmias nas hpartms `mn hprmb`gzhkm sadga-dunturhn `m Ugcatsly. @ms`m atrh pmrspmdtgvh, pmra daipnmimbthrgh h nh smøhnh`h par Zghcmt, bas mn hprmb`gzhkm rmemrgiashn hmstu`ghbtm nh hutabaiéh daia hqumnnh ehdunth` nm su qum prapga pmrigtm taihr mb `mdgsgabms qum nm  dab`uzdhb h rmcunhr hprmb`gzhkm mb eubdgôb h ubh `mtmrigbh`h imth y h ub dabtmxta a dab`gdgabms mspmdéegdhs `m hprmb`gzhkm (Iabmrma, D y Dhstmnnô, I