Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong

GROUND IMPROVEMENT APPLICATIONS OF JET GROUTING TECHNOLOGY IN HONG KONG

Trevi Construction Co., Ltd., Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong

Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Jet Grouting Technology Features: disaggregation of the soil and its mixing in place with, and partial replacement by, a cement grout mix; the disaggregation is achieved by high energy jet of one or more fluids, one of them being the grout mix itself. Applicable soils:

from peaty clays to gravel

Achievable results: increasing strength reducing horizontal & vertical permeability(for block treatment) Limits: • risk of surface movements • highly experienced personnel • strict safety rules • expensive equipment • large quantity of spoil to be managed Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong

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Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Grouting methods verses soil type Jet grouting can be used in the largest range of soil types k=10−2 k=10−3 k=10−4

k=10−5

k=𝑚/𝑠 k=10−6

microfine Cement Grouting

0.50

0.23

0.05

Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong

k=10−7

Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Jet Grouting Soil Erodibility  Soil erodibility plays a major role in determining geometry, quality and production.  Cohesionless soils are typically more erodible than cohesive soils.

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Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Jet Grouting systems in use in Hong Kong by Trevi

cement grout rods

rods compressed air cement grout

nozzle

coaxial nozzle

spring or ball-valve spring or ball-valve

drilling bit

drilling bit

“single fluid”

“double fluid”

One fluid (cement grout) for both breaking up the ground and cementing it

two fluids (cement grout & compressed air) for both breaking up the ground and cementing it Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong

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Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Jet Grouting systems coaxial nozzle

cement grout

compressed air cement grout compressed air

“single fluid”

“double fluid”

Typical column’s diameters:

Typical column’s diameters:

400 - 1200 mm

800 - 2500 mm Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong

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Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Jet Grouting Spoil Density of spoil = 1.6 – 2.0 t/mc

Pressure  kinetic energy 40 MPa

Spoil return shall be maintained at all times, to avoid hydrofracturing of soil

220 m/sec

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Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Mix type vs permeability & grain size

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Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Permeation Grouting Features: Replacing interstitial water or gas of a porous medium with a cement based or chemical grout at injection pressures low enough to prevent uplift. Applicable soils:

silty sands to gravel Achievable results: • •

increasing strength reducing horizontal & vertical permeability

Limits: • • • •

experienced personnel quite expensive plants quite expensive QC systems high costs of materials when dealing with fine fissures

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Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Fracture Grouting Features: fracturing of a ground by the injection of a grout mix under pressure thick enough to induce excess of local tensile strength and confining pressure”.

Applicable soils: dense sandy formations, stiff cohesive formations, very soft rock (shale etc.) Achievable results: •

•

increased load bearing capacity by compressing the soil between the grout lenses reduced vertical permeability

Limits: • • • •

risk of heaves at the surface experienced personnel extensive instrumentation no influence on horizontal permeability

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Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Jet Grouting Characteristics of the treated soils

Final Strength is a function of the original ground and the quantity of cement jetted into the ground itself.

Permeability = 10-6 m/s - 10-8 m/s (lower values associated to cohesive formations). Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong

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DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme Location at Ch. 545 TBM maintenance chamber

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DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme Cross-section chainage 545(TBM maintenance chamber)

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DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme TBM Maintenance Chamber at chainage 545

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DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme TBM Maintenance Chamber at chainage 545

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DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme TBM Maintenance Chamber at chainage 545

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DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme TBM Maintenance Chamber at chainage 545

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DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme TBM Maintenance Chamber at chainage 545

Pictures taken inside the chamber from TBM

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DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme Jet Grouting Block Treatment at Break-out

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DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme SHAFT CROSS-SECTION BREAK-OUT

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DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme

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DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme Grout Column Sample Coring at TBM Shaft

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DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme Grout Column Sample Coring at TBM Shaft

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DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme Grout Column Sample Coring at TBM Shaft

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Jetting rig SM20 in action at Kowloon (MTR 810A)

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Excavated column in Marine Deposit at Kowloon(MTR 810A)

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Jetting rig SM14 with horizontal silo(background) where overhead restriction applies(Pier 15)

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Mixing plant with vertical silos in Central (Contract 18)

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Stans – Tunnel Excavation

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