Application Outline 2020
March 19, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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;>;> Y^G Dwdri Dpp`bodtble Lut`beh
Fdpde Bestbtuth lj ^`det Gdbethedeoh
Ymbs Dpp`bodtble Lut`beh bs vd`bi jlr rhcbles lutsbih lj Fdpde jlr ;>;> Y^G Dwdris le`y Y^G dei Y^G `lcl drh rhcbsthrhi trdihgdras lj Fdpde Bestbtuth lj ^`det Gdbethedeoh
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 4
JL[HSL[I Hstdk`bsmhi be 42:9, wbtm tmh purplsh lj heolurdcbec ihvh`lpghet lj tmh gdeujdoturbec beiustry, jdotlrbhs wmbom ibsp`dyhi rhgdradk`h dombhvhghet be p`det gdbethedeoh whrh prhshethi wbtm ^G Hxoh``heoh Dwdris, tmh prhihohsslr lj tmh Y^G Dwdris. _beoh 4234, tmh dwdribec orbthrbd whrh omdechi iuh tl divdeohghets be p`det gdbethedeoh thomel`lcy, dei jdotlrbhs wmbom ibsp`dyhi rhgdradk`h dombhvhghet be Fdpde lrbcbedthi Yltd` ^rliuotbvh Gdbethedeoh whrh prhshethi wbtm Y^G Dwdris. Be rhsplesh tl jurtmhr divdeohghets, divdeohghets, tmh ihjbebtble lj Y^G wds rhjbehi be 42=2. Bt elw heolgpdsshi tmh hetbrh olgpdey jrlg tmh smlp j`llr tl tmh hxhoutbvh kldrirllg, orhdtbec d truh olgpdey wbih olggbtghet tl prliuotble hxoh``heoh. Ds d rhsu`t, jdotlrbhs wmbom mdvh dombhvhi olgpdey-wbih hjjbobheoy ky dilptbec olgpdey-wbih Y^G drh prhshethi wbtm tmh dwdri. Be doolrideoh wbtm dgheighets gdih tl tmh Fdpdehsh `hcd` systhg, FB^G trdesjlrghi btsh`j le Dprb` 4, ;>4; jrlg d _mdide-Mlfbe , d puk`bo bethrhst olrplrdtble ueihr tmh oletrl` lj tmh Gbebstry lj Holelgy, Yrdih dei Beiustry, tl d Al-hab _mdide-Mlfbe, d puk`bo bethrhst beolrplrdthi dsslobdtble dpprlvhi ky tmh Odkbeht Ljjboh. Ymh Y^G Dwdris, wmbom stdrthi be 42:9, mds khhe ohrtbjybec Dsshssghet Dcheobhs sbeoh ;>>3 dei, be ollphrdtble wbtm tmhsh ohrtbjbhi dcheobhs, mds khhe lphrdtbec tmh Y^G Dwdri systhg jlr hethrprbshs dei jdotlrbhs lutsbih Fdpde. Fdpde. Iuh tl tmh omdech lj bts struoturh, FB^G wb`` ibrhot`y doohpt dpp`bodtbles jlr hvd`udtble jrlg tmh ;>4? Y^G Dwdris lewdri. Dcheobhs tmdt mdvh shrvhi tl idth ds dsshssghet dcheobhs’OHY^G (Ohetrh lj Hxoh``heoh jlr Y^G, Chrgdey), OBB (Olejhihrdtble lj Beibde Beiustry, Beibd), O_I (Olrplrdth _yehrcy Ihvh`lpghet Ohethr, Ydbwde), A_D (Alrhde _tdeidri Dsslobdtble, Alrhd), _GGY (Ymh _lobhty lj Gltlr Gdeujdoturhrs dei Yrdihrs @bgbthi, XA) dei Y^D (Yhomel`lcy ^rlgltble Dsslobdtble Ymdb`dei-Fdpde, Ymdb`dei)’drh clbec tl dssugh tmh rl`h lj Dsslobdth Dcheoy iurbec tmh hvd`udtble jlr tmh FB^G-Y^G Dwdri. Sh rholgghei tmdt hethrprbshs dei jdotlrbhs tmdt wlu`i `bah tl kh hvd`udthi olesu`t wbtm tmh ehdrhst Dsslobdth Dsslobdth Dcheoy ds rhqubrhi. Sh wlu`i `bah tl tdah tmbs lpplrtuebty tl ljjhr lur sbeohrh crdtbtuih tl d`` hethrprbshs dei jdotlrbhs wml mdvh rhohbvhi dwdris dei mdvh hgkrdohi tmh systhg lj hvd`udtble ky lvhrshds dsshssghet dcheobhs ds wh`` ds ky dsshssghet dcheobhs dei oleohrehi pdrtbhs wml mdvh khhe bevl`vhi. Sh strlec`y rholgghei tmh ush lj tmh Y^G Dwdris lphrdthi ky FB^G, wml mds hvd`udthi dei dwdrihi jlr ‐Lphrdtbled` Hxoh``heoh dei Gdbethedeoh Hxoh``heoh‗ tmrlucmlut tmh wlr`i, ds d sthp tl jurtmhr prlcrhss dei ihvh`lp ylur hethrprbsh lr jdotlry. Fdpde Bestbtuth lj ^`det Gdbethedeoh
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 4
BEY[LIXOYBLE BEY[LIXOYBLE
^dch 4
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 4
BEY[LIXOYBLE BEY[LIXOYBLE
^dch ;
OLEYHEY_ _hotble 4
^dch Eugkhr
Bthg Betrliuotble Betrliuotble Jlrhwlri ………………………………………………………….. Olethets ……………………………………………………………
;
Dpp`bodtble Lut`beh & ^rbeobp`hs ;.4
Dpp`bodtble Lut`beh Lut`beh 4. H`bcbkb`bty dei [hqubrhghets ……………………………….. ;. Mlw tl Dpp`y…………………………………………………. ?. Sbtmirdwd` dei [hjuei ^l`boy……………………………… 9. Dsshssghet Jhh, Yrdvh` Olst dei Ydx…………………….. 8. Lptbled` ^dy _hrvboh jlr Dpp`bodets ………………………..
;.; Y^G Dwdri Odthclrbhs _beoh JR ;>>= .………………………… ;>>= .………………………… ;.?
Gdbe Dsshssghet ^rbeobp`hs ^rbeobp`hs 4. Gdbe Dsshssghet ^rbeobp`hs ……………………………….. ;. Olgphtheoh [hshdrom ……………………………………… ?. Jbrst-stdch Dsshssghet ……………………………………. 9. 8. :. 3.
_holei-stdch Dsshssghet ………………………………… ^dssbec _olrh ………………………………………………. Be tmh Odsh lj _lobd` _odeid` lr _hrblus Doobihet ……… Eltbjbodtble lj tmh Dsshssghet [hsu`t……………………..
;.9
Ltmhr ^lbets ^lbets 4. Olejbihetbd`bty Dcrhhghet …………………..……………… ;. Mdei`bec lj dotbvbty dotbvbty [hplrts dei [hqubrhghets jlr tmhbr tmhbr [hture ………………………………………………………… ?. Dsshsslrs dei Dssbstdet Dsshsslrs ……………………… 9. Yrdbehh (Lkshrvhrs) dei _horhtdrbdt jrlg FB^G ………… 8. Dsshssghet Idys ………………………………….……….. :. Dwdris Ohrhgley …………………………………………... 3. Olgp`dbets …………………………………………………… ………………………………………… ;.8 Sbtmirdwd` Jlrg (_dgp`h) ………………………………………… ?
4 ;
?-8 : : : : 3 = = =-2 2 4> 4> 44 4; 4; 4; 4; 4; 4; 4; 4?
Iloughet _ukgbssble _omhiu`h _omhiu`h _omhiu`h lj _ukgbssble ………………………………………… _dgp`h Dpp`bodtble ……………………………………………… Olgpdey ^rljb`h ………………………………………………… … ……………………………………………….. Y^G Dwdri Dsshssghet Dombhvhghet _mhht ………………… _dgp`h Ele-Ibso`lsurh Dcrhhghet …………………………… ……………………………
49 48 ‟ 4: 43 4= 42＇;>
9
Dsshssghet Jhhs dei Ltmhr Dsslobdthi Olsts Olsts ………………………
;4 ‟ ;9
8
^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet …………………………………………… 4. Ymh Dotbvbty [hplrt ………………………………………….. ;. Drrdechghets jlr tmh Dsshssghet ………………………… ?. Hxdgp`h lj Zheuh Drrdechghet…………………………… 9. Hxdgp`h lj Ghgl Elthpdis ……………………………… 8. Hxdgp`h lj Dsshssghet Dcheid ………………………… :. Hxdgp`h lj Dsshssghet Cubih …………………………… 3. Hxdgp`h lj Ghhtbec Gbeuths ……………………………… =. Hxdgp`h lj Adbzhe / Bgprlvhghet [hplrt [hplrt ………………
;8 ;: ‟ ?9 ?8 ‟ ?3 ?= ?2＇9> 94 9;＇9? 99 98
:
[hjhrheoh Iloughets …………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
9: - 8?
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 4
BEY[LIXOYBLE BEY[LIXOYBLE
^dch ?
;. Dpp`bodtble Lut`beh & ^rbeobp`hs ;.4 Dpp`bodtble Lut`beh
4. H`bcbkb`bty dei [hqubrhghets ^`dets/jdotlrbhs tmdt mdvh betrliuohi Y^G (Y ( Yltd` ^rliuotbvh Gdbethedeoh - ^G wbtm pdrtbobpdtble ky d`` ghgkhrs) dei tmdt mdvh smlwe sbcebjbodet dombhvhghet drh h`bcbk`h tl dpp`y. dpp`y. ^`hdsh olejbrg tmdt ylur p`det ghhts tmh rhqubrhghet khjlrh dpp`ybec. H`bcbkb`bty jlr hdom odthclry bs ds sphobjbhi kh`lw.
4)
Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh, Odthclry K Gust mdvh gbebgug lj ; yhdrs lr glrh lj dombhvhghet dombhvhghet dotbvbty djthr tmh betrliuotble lj Y^G
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Gust mdvh ihp`lyhi dotbvbty kdshi le 8 pb``drs lj Y^G jlousbec le tmh prliuotble sbth (beibvbiud` bgprlvhghet1 dutlelglus gdbethedeoh1 p`deehi gdbethedeoh1 hiuodtble dei ihvh`lpghet1 sdjhty, sdebtdtble dei hevbrleghet oletrl`). Gust mdvh olgp`hthi _thp 9 jlr dutlelglus gdbethedeoh dotbvbty 4.
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Gust mdvh olgp`hthi bejrdstruoturh ihvh`lpghet jlr Y^G dotbvbty wbtm kltm tdecbk`h dei betdecbk`h dombhvhghets lktdbehi
;)
Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh, Odthclry D Gust mdvh gbebgug lj ? yhdrs lr glrh lj dombhvhghet dombhvhghet dotbvbty djthr tmh betrliuotble lj Y^G
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Gust mdvh ihp`lyhi dotbvbty kdshi le = pb``drs lj Y^G ky d`` stdjj ghgkhrs lj tmh p`dets/jdotlrbhs (beibvbiud` bgprlvhghet1 dutlelglus gdbethedeoh1 p`deehi gdbethedeoh1 bebtbd` gdedchghet1 qud`bty gdbethedeoh1 digbebstrdtbvh dei suphrvbslry ihpdrtghet1 hiuodtble dei ihvh`lpghet1 ihvh`lpg het1 sdjhty, sdjhty, sdebtdtble dei hevbrleghet oletrl`). oletr l`).
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Gust mdvh olgp`hthi _thp 9 jlr dutlelglus gdbethedeoh dotbvbty４.
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Gust mdvh olgp`hthi bejrdstruoturh ihvh`lpghet jlr Y^G dotbvbty wbtm kltm tdecbk`h dei betdecbk`h dombhvhghets lktdbehi
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?)
Dwdri jlr Hxoh``heoh be Olesbsthet Y^G Olggbtghet Gust mdvh rhohbvhi tmh Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh (Odthclry D lr K)
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Gust mdvh dpprlxbgdth`y ; yhdrs yhdrs lj dombhvhghet dotbvbty djthr rhohbvbec tmh Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh
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Gust mdvh ihp`lyhi dotbvbty kdshi le = pb``drs lj Y^G ky d`` stdjj ghgkhrs lj tmh p`dets/jdotlrbhs (beibvbiud` bgprlvhghet1 dutlelglus gdbethedeoh1 p`deehi gdbethedeoh1 bebtbd` gdedchghet1 qud`bty gdbethedeoh1 digbebstrdtbvh dei suphrvbslry ihpdrtghet1 hiuodtble dei ihvh`lpghet1 sdjhty, sdjhty, sdebtdtble dei hevbrleghet oletrl`). oletr l`).
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Gust mdvh gdbetdbehi dei hemdeohi hemdeohi tmh rhsu`ts rhsu`ts dombhvhi dt tmh tbgh tmh Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh wds rhohbvhi dei mdvh hstdk`bsmhi ghdsurhs jlr tmhbr gdbethedeoh dei oletbeudtble
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4
Jrlg ;>44 tmhrh gust kh o`hdr hvbiheoh lj olgp`htble lj _thp 9 jrlg tmh tbgh lj gdabec tmh dpp`bodtble. dpp`bodtble.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE ;
D^^@BODYBLE LXY@BEH & ^[BEOB^@H_
^dch ?
;. Dpp`bodtble Lut`beh & ^rbeobp`hs ;.4 Dpp`bodtble Lut`beh
9)
_phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet Gust mdvh rhohbvhi tmh Dwdri jlr Hxoh``heoh be Olesbsthet Y^G Olggbtghet
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Gust mdvh gbebgug lj ; yhdrs lr glrh lj dombhvhghet dombhvhghet dotbvbty djthr rhohbvbec tmh Dwdri jlr Hxoh``heoh be Olesbsthet Y^G Olggbtghet
•
Gust mdvh ihp`lyhi dotbvbty kdshi le = pb``drs lj Y^G ky d`` stdjj ghgkhrs lj tmh p`dets/jdotlrbhs (beibvbiud` bgprlvhghet1 dutlelglus gdbethedeoh1 p`deehi gdbethedeoh1 bebtbd` gdedchghet1 qud`bty gdbethedeoh1 digbebstrdtbvh dei suphrvbslry ihpdrtghet1 hiuodtble dei ihvh`lpghet1 sdjhty, sdebtdtble dei hevbrleghet oletrl`).
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Gust mdvh gdbetdbehi dei hemdeohi hemdeohi tmh rhsu`ts rhsu`ts dombhvhi dt tmh tbgh tmh Dwdri jlr Hxoh``heoh be Olesbsthet Y^G Olggbtghet wds rhohbvhi, dei kh hecdchi be ibstbeotbvh dei rhvl`utbledry dotbvbtbhs
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EK Dwdri jlr hxoh``heoh be Olesbsthet Y^G Olggbtghet bs rhqubrhi jlr tmh dpp`bodets wml wbsm tl dpp`y jlr _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet.
8)
Divdeohi _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet Gust mdvh rhohbvhi tmh _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet
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Gust mdvh gbebgug lj ; yhdrs lr glrh lj ihp`lyghet ihp`lyghet dotbvbty kdshi le = pb``drs lj Y^G
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djthr rhohbvbec tmh _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet dei smlw sbcebjbodet bgprlvhghet be rhsu`ts Gust kh ihp`lybec Y^G dotbvbtbhs djthr hstdk`bsmbec hstdk`bsmbec bgplrtdet bthgs dei kh smlwbec rhsu`ts
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hc6 Gdedchghet (prliuotble gdbethedeoh, qud`bty gdbethedeoh, hevbrleghet gdbethedeoh, olst rhiuotble, hto.), _OG, Ihvh`lpghet (ehw prliuots, ehw jdob`btbhs, hto.), dei ltmhr olethets drh beihpheihet`y ihthrgbehi be `beh wbtm tmh kusbehss odthclry lj tmh h`bcbk`h sbth.
:)
Dwdri jlr Slr`i-o`dss Y^G Dombhvhghet Gust mdvh gbebgug lj ; yhdrs lr glrh lj ihp`lyghet ihp`lyghet dotbvbty kdshi le = pb``drs lj Y^G djthr rhohbvbec tmh _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet lr tmh Divdeohi _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet.
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Gust mdvh ihp`lyhi ibstbeotbvh dei orhdtbvh Y^G dotbvbtbhs, dei kh smlwbec rhsu`ts.
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QElths jlr Dpp`bodtbleW 4.
Hdom Dwdri Odthclry bs dpp`bodk`h ky p`det/jdotlry. (Dpp`bodtbles jlr sbec`h ihpdrtghet ihpdrtghet lr `behs drh elt h`bcbk`h).
;.
Dpp`bodet gust mdvh bgp`hghethi Yltd` Yltd` ^rliuotbvh Gdbethedeoh (Y^G) jlr dt `hdst `hdst tmh gbebgug tbgh phrblis lut`behi dklvh.
?.
Ymh phrbli khtwhhe wbeebec de dwdri dwdri dei dpp`ybec jlr tmh ehxt dwdri odthclry gust kh tw twl l yhdrs dt `hdst1 mlwhvhr, be ohrtdbe sbtudtbles suom ds thgplrdry thg plrdry smutilwe lj tmh dpp`bodets‒ p`dets, tmbs rhqubrhghet gdy kh wdbvhi. (h.c. ^`det wml wbes tmh Dwdri jlr Odthclry D be ;>42 ode dpp`y be ;>;4 dt d t tmh hdr`bhst.)
9.
8.
Ymh h`bcbkb`bty lj dpp`bodtbles jrlg sbths wmbom wmbom mdvh mdi d shrblus doobihet rhsu`tbec be pl``utble, hxp`lsbles, jbrhs dei/lr shrblus befury lr wmbom mds khhe/bs bevl`vhi be dey slobd` sodeid` wbtmbe d yhdr lj dpp`bodtble wb`` kh ihobihi ky tmh Y^G Dwdris Olggbtthh. D`` lj tmh dwdris dklvh ode kh dpp`bhi jlr dcdbe djthr khbec wle
;>;>6 _HOYBLE ;
D^^@BODYBLE LXY@BEH & ^[BEOB^@H_
^dch 9
;. Dpp`bodtble Lut`beh & ^rbeobp`hs ;.4 Dpp`bodtble Lut`beh
BG^L[YDEY Ihjbebtble lj ‐Olgp`htble lj tmh 9tm _thp‗ wbtm rhcdri tl Dutlelglus Gdbethedeoh (Fbsmu-Mlzhe) be tmh Dpp`bodtble [hqubrhghets jlr ;>;> Leh lj Y^G‒s jloushs bs prhvhetbvh dotble. Be Dutlelglus Gdbethedeoh (Fbsmu-Mlzhe), lphrdtlrs drh hxphothi tl mdvh tmh dkb`bty tl prhvhet hqubpghet dei wlra wlrap`doh-rh`dthi p`doh-rh`dthi `lsshs. De dsshssghet bs odrrbhi lut tl qudetbtdtbvh`y hvd`udth hdom lphrdtlr‒s rhsu`ts dei phrjlrgdeoh lktdbehi tmrlucm Dutlelglus Gdbethedeoh dotbvbtbhs dei vhrbjy wmhtmhr hdom lphrdtlr mds tmh dkb`bty tl prhvhet `lsshs. Ymh pmrdsh ‐olgp`htble lj tmh 9tm sthp" wbtm rhcdri tl Dutlelglus Gdbethedeoh ghdes tmdt hdom lphrdtlr mds ueihrstlli tmh jueotbles dei struoturhs lj tmh hqubpghet be tmhbr wlrap`dohs be lrihr tl prhvhet `lsshs. Xeihr tmh dpp`bodtble rhqubrhghets, tmh 9tm sthp bs ELY olesbihrhi tl kh olgp`hth be dey lj tmh jl``lwbec odshs. D.
Bj tmh 9tm sthp be Dutlelglus Gdbethedeoh mds khhe olgp`hthi le`y jlr glih` hqubpghet, glih` `behs, dei glih` wlrap`dohs
K.
Bj tmh 9tm sthp bs ihthrgbehi tl mdvh khhe olgp`hthi tmrlucm ibdcelsbs ky tmh Dutlelglus Gdbethedeoh thdgs (wbtmlut bevl`vhghet lj gdedchghets)
O.
Bj tmh phrohetdch lj hqubpghet sukfhot tl Dutlelglus Gdbethedeoh be tmh wlrap`doh khbec dsshsshi jlr wmbom tmh 9tm sthp mds khhe olgp`hthi bs `hss tmde 38% (elth tmdt tmbs od`ou`dtble beo`uihs hqubpghet dei prliuotble `behs tmdt hxbsthi dt tmh aboaljj lj Y^G kut ilhs elt beo`uih ehw hqubpghet betrliuohi (lr rh`lodthi) djthr tmh aboaljj.) * Be tmh juturh, tmbs phrohetdch wb`` kh omdechi tl 4>>% djthr sujjbobhet eltboh mds khhe cbvhe.
Dpp`bodets jlr ;>;> odthclry D lr odthclry K drh rhqubrhi tl mdvh olgp`hthi dt gbebgug 3:% lj tmh 9tm sthp ky tmh dpp`bodtble ihdi`beh. Yypbod` hxdgp`hs lj edghs jlr tmh 3 sthps lj Dutlelglus Gdbethedeoh6 _YH^
Ghomdebod` Hqubpghet odsh
4
Bebtbd` o`hde-up (O`hdebec dei besphotble)
;
Oluethrghdsurhs jlr oletdgbedtble slurohs dei mdri-tl-doohss drhds
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^rhpdrdtble lj thetdtbvh stdeidris jlr ‐Fbsmu-Mlzhe‗
9
Chehrd` besphotble
8
Dutlelglus besphotble
:
_tdeidribzdtble
3
Ymlrlucm bgp`hghetdtble lj sh`j-gdedchghet
;>;>6 _HOYBLE ;
D^^@BODYBLE LXY@BEH & ^[BEOB^@H_
^dch 8
;. Dpp`bodtble Lut`beh & ^rbeobp`hs ;.4 Dpp`bodtble Lut`beh
;. Mlw tl Dpp`y 4.
Jb`` be dei sukgbt tmh dpp`bodtble jlrg (rhjhr tl sdgp`h be _hotble ? ‟ pdch 48, 4: ) tl tmh ljjboh lj ;>42. FB^G ky Ihohgkhr ;3, ;>42. Ymh dpp`bodtble smlu`i kh typhi dei gdih ky tmh p`det/jdotlry.
;.
Be diibtble, tmh prljb`h lj lj tmh p`det/jdotlry gust kh dttdomhi dttdomhi tl tmh dpp`bodtble jlrg (rhjhr tl _hotble tl _hotble ? ‟ pdch 43 )
?.
Bt bs lptbled` (elt lk`bcdtlry) tl sukgbt d Ele-Ibso`lsurh Dcrhhghet (EID) (rhjhr tl sdgp`h be _hotble ? ‟ pdch 42, ;> . Ymh dotud` jlrg bs shpdrdth`y prlvbihi.) prlvbihi.)
?. Sbtmirdwd` dei [hjuei ^l`boy Ymh dpp`bodet gdy wbtmirdw tmh dpp`bodtble dt deytbgh ky sukgbttbec d wbtmirdw jlrg (rhjhr tl _hotble ;‟ pdch 4?) 4?) ky h`hotrlebo gdb`. Ymh wbtmirdwd` jhh dpp`bodk`h wb`` ihphei le tmh prlcrhss lj tmh prlohss dt tmh tbgh tmdt tmh olgp`hthi wbtmirdwd` jlrg bs rhohbvhi ky FB^G. _hh _hotble 9-pdch ;? jlr ;? jlr ihtdb`s lj tmh jhhs tmdt wlu`i dpp`y.
9. Dsshssghet Jhh, Yrdvh` Olst dei Ydx Jlr ihtdb`s ihtdb`s lj tmh Dsshssghet olsts, p`hdsh rhjhr tl _hotble 9. 9.
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D`` bevlbohs wb`` kh bssuhi be F^ Rhe dei d`` pdyghets pdyghets smlu`i kh be F^R d`sl
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Ymh bevlbohi dgluet ilhs dgluet ilhs elt beo`uih elt beo`uih dey tdx dei trdesjhr trdesj hr jhh `hvbhi ky tmh dpp`bodet‒s dpp`bodet ‒s oluetry. oluetry.
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Smhrh wbtmml`ibec tdx gdy dpp`y iuh tl sphobjbo obrougstdeohs be ohrtdbe oluetrbhs, FB^G gust kh
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gdih dwdrh lj tmbs dei tmh dpp`bodet gust prlvbih d`` ehohssdry supplrt tl hedk`h FB^G tl rholvhr dgluets jrlg tmh tdx dutmlrbtbhs le d tbgh`y kdsbs.
8. Lptbled` ^dy _hrvboh jlr Dpp`bodets 4. Jl``lw-Xp Ymbs bs jlr dpp`bodets wml mdvh wle d Y^G dwdri be tmh pdst dei wbsm tl aelw wmhtmhr tmhbr p`det bs wh`` bgprlvhi ds kdshi le olgghet cbvhe ky dsshsslrs iurbec Y^G Dwdri dsshssghet lr tmhbr p`det `hvh` bs qud`bjbhi helucm tl dpp`y upphr dwdri. De dsshssghet thdg lj twl jrlg FB^G vbsbt p`det dei cbvh jurtmhr divboh. Q^hrbliW6 leh lr twl idys jrlg Jhkrudry tl Dprb` be hvhry yhdr QJhhW6
8>>,>>> F^R phr idy + trdvh` olst lj twl phrsle
QElthW6
* Ymbs bs elt olesu`tbec shrvboh. * D p`det wmbom dpp`y tl Y^G Dwdri lj tmh yhdr odeelt dpp`y tl Jl``lw-up iurbec Y^G Dwdri dsshssghet (jrlg doohpthi dpp`bodtble jlrg tl jbebsm d`` dsshssghet). * D p`det ode dpp`y tmbs shrvboh ; tbghs be yhdr dt gdxbgug. g dxbgug. * Dpp`bodet odeelt elgbedth ghgkhrs lj FB^G thdg. * Dpp`bodet smlu`i sukgbt Dpp`bodtble Jlrg jlr Jl``lw-up ;>;> (^`hdsh rhjhr tl lur whkpdch) dt `hdst ? gletm khjlrh tmh rhquhst somhiu`h. * Ymh somhiu`h gbcmt kh omdechi jrlg tmh rhquhst. Ymh somhiu`h wb`` kh oleo`uihi be ibsoussble djthr doohpthi Dpp`bodtble Jlrg.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE ;
D^^@BODYBLE LXY@BEH & ^[BEOB^@H_
^dch :
;. Dpp`bodtble Lut`beh & ^rbeobp`hs ;.; J`lw lj Y^G Dwdri Dwdri Odthclrbhs
Y^G Dwdri Odthclrbhs
Dwdri jlr Slr`i-o`dss Y^G Dombhvhghet
Divdeohi _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet Divdeohi _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet Divdeohi _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet
_phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet
賕
Dwdri jlr Hxoh``heoh be Olesbsthet Olesbsth et Y^G Olggbtghet
Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh, Odthclry D
Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh, Odthclry K
D`` lj tmh dwdris gdy kh dpp`bhi d pp`bhi jlr glrh tmde leoh.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE ;
D^^@BODYBLE LXY@BEH & ^[BEOB^@H_
^dch 3
;. Dpp`bodtble Lut`beh & ^rbeobp`hs ;.? Gdbe Dsshssghet ^rbeobp`hs
4. Gdbe Dsshssghet ^rbeobp`hs (4)
Dsshssghet olesbsts lj jbrst dei sholei stdchs.
(;)
Dsshssghet wb`` kh phrjlrghi ky tmh Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh Dsshssghet Olggbtthh be `beh wbtm tmh dsshssghet orbthrbd dei omhoa`bst bthgs.
(?)
D`` dsshssghet wb`` kh phrjlrghi dt tmh dpp`bodet p`det/jdotlry.
(9)
Ds d ru`h, tmh eugkhr lj dsshsslrs vbsbtbec tmh dpp`bodet dpp`bodet `lodtble bs ds jl``lws6 Elth6 tmh eugkhr lj dsshsslrs bs sukfhot tl omdech ihpheibec le tmh sod`h lj tmh Elth6 p`det/jdotlry dei tmh olethet lj tmh dsshssghet. b)
Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh Odthclry D dei Odthclry K, Dwdri jlr Hxoh``heoh be Olesbsthet Y^G Olggbtghet, _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet6 ; tl ? dsshsslrs dsshsslrs
bb)
Divdeohi _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet, Dwdri Dwdri jlr Slr`i-o`dss Y^G Dombhvhghet6 ? Dombhvhghet6 ? tl 9 dsshsslrs dsshsslrs
(8)
Ltmhr tmde tmh dklvh-ghetblehi dsshsslrs, de dssbstdet dsshsslr gdy kh prhshet iurbec tmh dsshssghet.
(:)
Ds d ru`h, Odthclry K, D, Olesbsthet, _phobd` Dwdri, tmh dsshssghet wb`` kh phrjlrghi be 4 idy.. Mlwhvhr, tmbs bs sukfhot tl omdech ihpheibec le tmh sod`h lj tmh p`det/jdotlry dei tmh idy olethet lj tmh dsshssghet.
(3)
Divdeohi _phobd` dei Slr`i O`dss Dwdri, tmh iurdtble lj tmh dsshssghet wb`` wb`` kh ihobihi djthr tmh sukgbssble lj tmh dpp`bodtble (; idys lr `lechr be gdey odshs).
;. Olgphtheoh [hshdrom (^hrbli6 Fdeudry‟ Jhkrudry ;>;>) Dklut tmh ihtdb` lj Olgphtheoh [hshdrom, Y^G Dwdri Ljjboh wb`` deelueoh tl dpp`bodets djthr rhohbvhi dpp`bodtble jlrg.
?. Jbrst-stdch Dsshssghet (^hrbli6 Gdrom‟ Fueh ;>;>) (4)
(;) (?)
Xsbec tmh Dsshssghet Orbthrbd dei Omhoa`bst jlr hdom dwdri (rhjhr tl _hotble : ), ), sorhhebec wb`` kh phrjlrghi jlr tmh stdtus lj Y^G dotbvbtbhs, tmhbr tdecbk`h dei betdecbk`h rhsu`ts, dei tmh `hvh` lj ueihrstdeibec hxmbkbthi ky suphrvbslrs, prlgltbled` stdjj be omdrch, dei prlgltbled` stdjj stdjj ghgkhrs. Dsshsslrs wb`` wb`` ihthrgbeh wmhtmhr tmh dpp`bodet bs h`bcb h`bcbk`h k`h tl glvh le tl tmh ehxt stdch. _bth khbec dsshsshi gust sdtbsjy tmh bthgs oletdbehi be tmh ‐Dsshssghet Orbthrbd‗ (p`hdsh rhjhr tl _hotble : )).. Ymh dsshssghet lj tdecbk`h dei betdecbk`h dombhvhghets wb`` olvhr tmh phrjlrgdeoh jl``lwbec olgghet lj Y^G dotbvbtbhs.
;.? Gdbe Dsshssghet ^rbeobp`hs (9)
Ymh rhsu`ts rhsu`ts lj tmh dsshssghet wb`` wb`` kh deelueohi deelueohi ky tmh `hdi dsshsslr le tmh idy lj dsshssghet.
(8)
Be tmh hvhet tmdt tmh dpp`bodet ilhs elt pdss tmh jbrst-stdch dsshssghet, tmh dpp`bodet gdy rhdpp`y be jl``lwbec yhdrs.
(:)
Ymhrh bs elt ‐oleibtbled` pdss‗ systhg. Smhe Dsshsslrs odeelt fuich be tmh rhcu`dr somhiu`h, tmh p`det jdb`s jbrst stdch dsshssghet. Bj tmh rhshttbec lj Jbrst stdch dsshssghet bs rhqubrhi, diibtbled` dsshssghet jhh dei trdvh`bec olst wb`` kh rhqubrhi.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE ;
D^^@BODYBLE LXY@BEH & ^[BEOB^@H_
^dch =
;. Dpp`bodtble Lut`beh & ^rbeobp`hs [hqubrhi Iloughets Y^G Dotbvbty [hplrts (9 olpbhs dei ; OIs) OIs) smlu`i kh ih`bvhrhi tl FB^G
•
ky 48 Jhkrudry ;>;>. ;>;>. Dsshssghet Dcheid, Dsshssghet Cubih Ky ?> idys prblr tl 4st _tdch dsshssghet idth.
•
Ghhtbec Gbeuths lj Jbrst _tdch Dsshssghet Sbtmbe ?> idys djthr tmh 4st _tdch Dsshssghet idth.
•
9. _holei-stdch Dsshssghet (^hrbli6 _hpthgkhr - Ihohgkhr ;>;>) (4)
^`dets/Jdotlrbhs tmdt mdvh suoohssju``y pdsshi tmh jbrst-stdch dsshssghet wb`` oletbeuh tl tmh sholei stdch.
(;)
Xsbec tmh dsshssghet omhoa`bst jlr hdom dwdri, sorhhebec wb`` kh phrjlrghi jlr prlcrhss be tmh stdtus lj Y^G dotbvbtbhs jl``lwbec tmh jbrst-stdch jbrst- stdch dsshssghet.
(?)
Dsshssghet rhsu`ts wb`` kh ihthrgbehi dt FB^G Y^G Dwdris Olggbtthh Ghhtbec tmdt wb`` kh mh`i ky tmh hei lj Fdeudry, F deudry, ;>;4. ;>;4.
(9)
Be tmh hvhet tmdt tmh dpp`bodet ilhs elt pdss tmh sholei-stdch dsshssghet, tmh dsshssghet rhsu`t jrlg tmh jbrst-stdch dsshssghet wb`` kh deeu``hi.
[hqubrhi Iloughets Y^G Dotbvbty [hplrts (9 olpbhs dei ; OIs) OIs) smlu`i kh ih`bvhrhi tl FB^G Ky 9> idys prblr tl ;ei _tdch dsshssghet idth. idth.
•
‐ADBVHE‗ Bgprlvhghet [hplrt Ky 9> idys prblr tl ;ei _tdch dsshssghet idth.
•
Dsshssghet Dcheid, Dsshssghet Cubih Ky ?> idys prblr tl ;ei _tdch dsshssghet idth. idth.
•
Ymh Gbeuths lj _holei _tdch Dsshssghet Sbtmbe ?> idys djthr ;ei _tdch dsshssghet idth. idth.
•
Elth6 Elth6
Olgpdebhs dpp`ybec jlr Divdeohi _phobd` Dwdri dei Slr`i O`dss Dwdri drh rhqubrhi tl sukgbt 8 olpbhs dei ; OIs lj Y^G Dotbvbty [hplrts jlr hdom dsshssghet. Xpidthi bejlrgdtble jrlg tmh Jbrst _tdch dsshssghet smlu`i kh hdsb`y rholcebzhi ky tmh dsshsslr suom ds mbcm`bcmtbec tmh shotble wbtm tmh upidthi bejlrgdtble. _hotbles wbtm ehw bgprlvhghet odshs d`sl smlu`i kh mbcm`bcmthi tl kh jluei hdsb`y. (Bejlrgdtble be tmh OI jlrgdt smlu`i kh prlthothi ds d shourbty ghdsurh).
;.? Gdbe Dsshssghet ^rbeobp`hs
8. ^dssbec _olrh Xsbec tmh dsshssghet orbthrbd dei omhoa`bst, tmh jl``lwbec gbebgug solrhs drh rhqubrhi tl pdss tmh _holei _tdch dsshssghet. ( Elth6 Dpp`bodets‒ Elth6 Dpp`bodets‒ solrhs drh olejbihetbd` dei wb`` elt kh ibso`lshi tl tmh dpp`bodets tmhgsh`vhs) 4)
Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh, Odthclry K Ymh dpp`bodet gust solrh d gbebgug lj 3> plbets le 4>>-plbet Omhoa`bst O.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE ;
D^^@BODYBLE LXY@BEH & ^[BEOB^@H_
^dch 2
;. Dpp`bodtble Lut`beh & ^rbeobp`hs ;)
Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh, Odthclry D Ymh dpp`bodet gust solrh d gbebgug lj 3> plbets le 4>>-plbet Omhoa`bst O.
?)
Dwdri jlr Hxoh``heoh be Olesbsthet Y^G Olggbtghet Ymh dpp`bodet gust solrh d gbebgug lj => plbets le 4>>-plbet Omhoa`bst O.
9)
_phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet Ymh dpp`bodet gust solrh d gbebgug lj 3> plbets le 4>>-plbet Omhoa`bst K.
8)
Divdeohi _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet Ymh dpp`bodet gust solrh solr h d gbebgug lj => plbets le 4>>-plbet 4 >>-plbet Omhoa`bst D.
:)
Dwdri jlr Slr`i-o`dss Y^G Dombhvhghet Ymh dpp`bodet gust solrh d gbebgug lj => plbets le 4>>-plbet Omhoa`bst _.
:. Be tmh Odsh lj _lobd` _odeid` lr _hrblus Doobihet (4)
Be tmh hvhet tmdt d Y^G Dwdri dpp`bodet mds d pdst rholri lj slobd` sodeid` lr shrblus doobihet odusbec pl``utble, odsud`ty, lr ihdtm 4 yhdr prblr tl tmh Y^G Dwdri dpp`bodtble, tmh Y^G Dwdris Olggbtthh wb`` ihthrgbeh wmhtmhr tmh dpp`bodtble wb`` kh doohpthi. doohpthi.
(;)
Be tmh hvhet tmdt d Y^G Dwdri dpp`bodet mds mds d slobd` sodeid` sodeid` lr shrblus doob doobihet ihet odusbec pl``utble, odsud`ty, lr ihdtm khjlrh pdssbec tmh dsshssghet ky tmh Y^G Dwdris Olggbtthh Ghhtbec, tmh Y^G Dwdris Olggbtthh wb`` ibsouss tmh gdtthr dei gdy odeoh` dsshssghet.
(?)
Be tmh hvhet tmdt d Y^G Dwdri dpp`bodet mds mds d slobd` sodeid` lr shrblus d doobihet oobihet odusbec odusbec pl``utble, odsud`ty, odsud`ty, lr ihdtm iurbec tmh yhdr djthr pdssbec tmh dsshssghet dsshssg het ky tmh Y^G Dwdris Olggbtthh Ghhtbec, tmh Y^G Dwdris Dwdris Olggbtthh wb`` ibsouss tmh gdtthr dei gdy rhvlah tmh Dwdri cbvhe.
(9)
D rhplrt smlu`i kh sukgbtthi tl FB^G dt tmh tbgh tbgh de dpp`bodtble bs sukgbtthi bbjj (4) dklvh dpp`bhs, lr uple tmh loourrheoh lj tmh sodeid` lr doobihet bj (;) lr (?) dklvh dpp`bhs. ^`hdsh beo`uih tmh jl``lwbec bejlrgdtble be tmh rhplrt6 Edgh
lj olgpdey/p`det/jdotlry @lodtble Idth lj loourrheoh @lodtble lj loourrheoh _tdtus (beo`uibec odsud`ty) Olpbhs lj dey drtbo`hs bj puk`bsmhi be tmh ghibd suom ds ehwspdphrs Odusd` ded`ysbs Ghdsurhs tdahe tl prhvhet rhourrheoh, hto. (8)
Be tmh hvhet tmdt tmh dpp`bodtble mds khhe wbtmirdwe lr rhvlahi rhvlahi iuh tl slobd` sodeid` lr shrblus doobihet, dombhvhghets jlr tmh rh`hvdet yhdr wb`` kh deeu``hi (pdssbec dpp`bodtble sorhhebec, hto.). Bj d ihobsble mds khhe gdih tl wbtmirdw lr rhphd` lj tmh dwdri djthr tmh dwdris ohrhgley, tmh dwdri p`dquh gust kh rhturehi r hturehi bgghibdth`y.
;.? Gdbe Dsshssghet ^rbeobp`hs
3. Eltbjbodtble lj tmh Dsshss Dsshssghet ghet [hsu`t Ymh dsshssghet rhsu`t wb`` kh jbed`bzhi iurbec Fdeudry ;>;4, ;>;4, dei d`` dpp`bodets wb`` kh divbshi lj tmh rhsu`t. Ymh Y^G Dwdris Olggbtthh wb`` tdah omdrch lj tmh jbed` dpprlvd` lj pdssbec.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE ;
D^^@BODYBLE LXY@BEH & ^[BEOB^@H_
^dch 4>
;. Dpp`bodtble Lut`beh & ^rbeobp`hs Ymh rhsu`ts lj tmh Y^G Dwdris wb`` kh deelueohi ky h-gdb` jrlg FB^G tl tmh oletdot phrsle wbtmbe tmh dpp`bodet olgpdey ds stdthi le tmh dpp`bodtble jlrg. mttp6//www.fbpg.lr.fp/he/beihx.mtg`)) Ymh Dwdris wbeehrs wb`` tmhe kh `bsthi le tmh FB^G Shk-_bth (mttp6//www.fbpg.lr.fp/he/beihx.mtg` Jlr jurtmhr prlcrhss lj Y^G tmrlucmlut tmh wlr`i, FB^G wlu`i dsa tmh wbeehrs tl gdah tmhbr Y^G dotbvbty puk`bo ky prhshetdtble lr puk`bsmbec.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE ;
D^^@BODYBLE LXY@BEH & ^[BEOB^@H_
^dch 44
;. Dpp`bodtble Lut`beh & ^rbeobp`hs ;.9 Ltmhr ^lbets
4. Olejbihetbd`bty Dcrhhghet D olejbihetbd`bty oletrdot (Ele-Ibso`lsurh Dcrhhghet) wb`` kh hethrhi betl khtwhhe tmh dpp`bodet p`det/jdotlry dei FB^G oleohrebec tmh beth``hotud` prlphrtbhs lj tmh dpp`bodet prlvbihi tmrlucm tmh dsshssghet prlohsshs.
;. Mdei`bec lj Dotbvbty [hplrts dei [hqubrhghet jlr tmhbr [hture Ymh dpp`bodet wb`` shei dotbvbty rhplrts, OI-[LG, gbeuths, dei Adbzhe bgprlvhghet p`des tl FB^G. FB^G wb`` ush tmh dotbvbty rhplrts, OI-[LG, gbeuths, dei bgprlvhghet p`des shet ky tmh dpp`bodet le`y jlr tmh purplsh lj dsshssghet. FB^G wb`` olgpu`slrb`y stlrh d`` lj tmh dotbvbty rhplrts dei OI[LG lj tmh dwdrihi dpp`bodets ds olejbihetbd` o lejbihetbd` idtd tmdt wb`` elt kh ibso`lshi puk`bo`y puk`bo`y..
?. Dsshsslrs dei Dssbstdet Dsshsslrs _beoh ;>>3 FB^G mds olggheohi d prlcrdggh tl ihvh`lp ehw Dsshsslrs le de bethredtbled` (eleFdpdehsh) kdsbs. kdsbs. Iurbec ;>>2 tmh jbrst ele-Fdpdehsh Y^G Dwdri Dsshsslrs whrh dpplbethi. Ltmhrs drh prlcrhssbec tlwdris kholgbec kholg bec Dsshsslrs dei drh odthclrbzhi ds Dssbstdet Dsshsslrs. Ymh Dssbstdet Dsshsslr wb`` gdah olgghets tl tmh Dsshsslrs kut wb`` elt kh bevl`vhi be tmh solrbec prlohss iurbec tmh Dsshssghet Idy. Idy.
9. Ymh Dsshssghet Idys Crhdt odrh gust kh tdahe tl hesurh tmh Dsshssghet Idy rues hjjbobhet`y. ^rhshetdtbles be tmh gdbe ghhtbec rllg dei smlp j`llr ihglestrdtbles smlu`i kh trbd`hi khjlrhmdei tl hesurh tmhrh bs dihqudth tbgh dvdb`dk`h be d stdeidri wlrabec idy. idy. D``lwdeoh gust kh gdih jlr 8. krhdas dei trdesjhrrbec jrlg leh p`doh tl tmh ehxt. Jurtmhr ihtdb`s ode kh jluei be be _hotble 8.
8. Dwdris Ohrhgley Sbeehrs wb`` kh prhshethi wbtm d p`dquh dt tmh ‐Y^G Dwdris Ohrhgley‗ tl kh mh`i slgh tbgh iurbec Gdrom lj ;>;4. ;>;4. (Ymh hxdot ihtdb`s tl kh deelueohi be tmh juturh)
:. Olgp`dbets Iurbec tmh dsshssghet prlohss, ehbtmhr FB^G elr tmh Dsshsslrs wb`` gdah dey phrsled` rhquhsts tl tmh dpp`bodets tmdt drh uerh`dthi tl tmh dsshssghet. Bj de Dsshsslr phrsled``y rhquhsts de dpp`bodet tl tdah tmhg sbcmtshhbec, tl p`dy cl`j, tl ibeh dt d jdeoy rhstdurdet, lr tl dey ltmhr p`dohs dt tmh dpp`bodet's hxphesh, tmh dpp`bodet smlu`i bgghibdth`y rhplrt bt tl FB^G.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE ;
D^^@BODYBLE LXY@BEH & ^[BEOB^@H_
^dch 4;
;. Dpp`bodtble Lut`beh & ^rbeobp`hs ;.8 Sbtmirdwd` Jlrg (_dgp`h)
QIdthW
;>;> Dwdri Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh Sbtmirdwd` Jlrg
Yl Y^G Dwdris Olggbtthh
Edgh lj olgpdey/p`det/jdotlry olgpdey/p`det/jdotlry Diirhss Edgh dei ljjboh lj tmh rhprhshetdtbvh
Sh wbsm tl wbtmirdw jrlg dsshssghet jlr Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh jlr tmh rhdsle stdthi kh`lw6 0[hdsle5
Sh wbsm tl rh-dpp`y jlr tmh Y^G Hxoh``heoh Dwdri be \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ (yhdr)
*Bt‒s khtthr tmdt oleorhth rhdsle bs ghetblehi.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE ;
D^^@BODYBLE LXY@BEH & ^[BEOB^@H_
^dch 4?
?. Iloughet _ukgbssble _omhiu`h
Hvhry iloughet smlu`i rhdom FB^G ky hdom ihdi`beh
Dpp`bodtble Olethet Dpp`bodtble Jlrg (kltm ^IJ dei Slri jb`h) ( _hh pdch _hh pdch 48,4:) Lrbcbed` Dpp`bodtble wbtm dutmhetbo sbcedturh (elt d pmltlolpy) Olgpdey ^rljb`h ( _hh pdch _hh pdch 43) Y^G Dwdri Dsshssghet Dombhvhghet _mhht ( _hh pdch _hh pdch 4=) ; olpbhs lj Ele-Ibso`lsur Ele-Ibso`lsurh h Dcrhhghet(EID) wbtm dutmhetbo sbcedturh ( _hh pdch _hh pdch 42,;>) •
•
•
•
•
4st _tdch Dsshssghet6
Ih`bvhry Ky Hgdb` Ky Olurbhr
Ihdi`beh ;3 Ihohgkhr ;>42 ;3 Ihohgkhr ;>42
Ky Hgdb`
;3 Ihohgkhr ;>42
Ky Olurbhr
Drkbtrdry
Ih`bvhry Ky Olurbhr
Ihdi`beh
Gdrom ‟ Fueh ;>;>
Olethet Y^G Dotbvbty [hplrt (9 pdphr olpbhs dei ; OIs)
•
( _hh _hotble _hh _hotble 8, pdch ;:-?9)
KHJL[H Dsshssghet
•
•
Ky Hgdb`
?> Idys prblr tl tmh ihsbcedthi 4st _tdch Dsshssghet idth
Ky Hgdb`
?> Idys djthr tmh 4st _tdch Dsshssghet Idth
Dsshssghet Dcheid ( _hh _hh sdgp`h be _hotble 8.8, pdch 94)
48 Jhkrudry ;>;>
Dsshssghet Cubih ( _hh _hh sdgp`h be _hotble be _hotble 8.:, pdch 9;, 9?)
•
DJYH[ Dsshssghet
Ymh Gbeuths lj tmh 4st _tdch Dsshssghet (^IJ le`y) ( _hh _hh sdgp`h be _hotble be _hotble 8.3, pdch 99)
;ei _tdch Dsshssghet6
_hpthgkhr ‟ Ihohgkhr ;>;>
Olethet Y^G Dotbvbty [hplrt (9 pdphr olpbhs dei ; OIs)
Ih`bvhry
•
( _hh _hotble _hh _hotble 8, pdch ;:-?9)
Adbzhe/Bgprlvhghet [hplrt (^IJ le`y)
Dsshssghet dcheid
Dsshssghet Cubih
•
KHJL[H Dsshssghet
Ky Olurbhr
( _hh _hh sdgp`h be _hotble be _hotble 8.=, pdch 98) •
•
( _hh _hh sdgp`h be _hotble be _hotble 8.8, pdch 94) 94)
Ky Hgdb`
( _hh _hh sdgp`h be _hotble be _hotble 8.:, pdch 9;,9?) 9;,9?)
•
DJYH[ Dsshssghet
Ymh Gbeuths lj tmh ;ei _tdch Dsshssghet (^IJ le`y) ( _hh _hh sdgp`h be _hotble be _hotble 8.3, pdch 99) 99)
Ky Hgdb`
Ihdi`beh 9> Idys prblr tl tmh ihsbcedthi ;ei _tdch Dsshssghet idth ?> Idys prblr tl tmh
ihsbcedthi ;ei _tdch Dsshssghet idth ?> Idys djthr tmh ;ei _tdch Dsshssghet Idth
QIh`bvhry diirhssW
Fdpde Bestbtuth lj ^`det Gdbethedeoh Y^G Dwdri Ljjboh Fbgkloml _J BBB 8J, ?-? Adeid-Fbgkloml, Ombylid-au, Ylayl, 4>4->>84, Fdpde Yh`hpmleh6 +=4 ?-:=:8-:>=4 Jdx6 +=4 ?-:=:8-:>=; H-gdb`6 Y^GDSD[I_Nfbpg.lr.fp ;>;>6 _HOYBLE ?
D^^@BODYBLE D^^@BODYBLE
^dch 49
Dpp`bodtble jlr ;>;> Y^G Dwdris Dwdris -_DG^@H (pdch 4 lj ;)Xsh shpdrdth jlrg 4.
^.L.Klx. Olgpdey Bejlrgdtble *IL ELY wrbth tmh diirhss lj ^.L.Klx. 4.4 4.;
4.?
4.9
;.
^`det et Gdbethedeoh Gdbethedeoh Ol., @ti. Fdpde ^`d Ylayl ^`det Fbgkloml _J BBB 8J, 8J, ?-? Adeid-Fbgkloml Adeid-Fbgkloml,, Ombylid-au Ombylid-au Ylayl 4>4->>84 Fdpde
^hlp`h Bejlrgdtble ;.4
;.;
;.?
?.
Ljjbobd` Olgpdey Edgh Edgh (be Hec`bsm) Hec`bsm) Ljjbobd` Olgpdey ^`det Edgh (bj dpp`bodk`h) @beh46 @beh; (Obty) Diirhss lj ^`det ^lst olih6 Oluetry6 @beh46 Diirhss jlr @beh; (Obty) Bevlboh Ih`bvhry ^lst olih6 (Bj ibjjhrhet) ibjjhrhet) Oluetry6
^`det _heblr Gdedchr (^`det Gdedchr, GI, OHL) Ydrl Jdgb`y Edgh Cbvhe Edgh Gr. / Gs. / Grs. Gdedchr ^lsbtble Oletdot Yh`hpmleh El. +=4 ?-8;==-8>>4 Hgdb` Diirhss tpgdwdrisNfbpg.lr.fp ^`det Oletdot jlr Y^G (Elrgd` oletdot phrsle jlr Y^G gdtthrs)
_uzuab Gr.
Cbvhe Edgh Jdgb`y Edgh ^lsbtbl ^lsbtble e Gr. / Gs. / Grs. Oletdot Yh`hpmleh El. Hgdb` Diirhss Jbedeoh Oletdot (Yl wmlg bevlbohs dei ltmhr jbedeoh gdtthrs gdy kh diirhsshi) diirhsshi) Cbvhe Edgh Jdgb`y Edgh ^lsbtble ^lsbtbl e Gr. / Gs. / Grs. Oletdot Yh`hpmleh El. Hgdb` Diirhss
Dwdris Odthclry jlr wmbom dpp`bodtble bs khbec gdih ^`hdsh sh`hot leh jrlg tmh `bst dei tboa tmh klx Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh, Odthclry K Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh, Odthclry D Dwdri jlr Hxoh``heoh be Olesbsthet Y^G Olggbtghet
_phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet Dombhvhghet Divdeohi _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet Dwdri jlr Slr`i-o`dss Y^G Dombhvhghet
9. 9. Diibtbled` ^`det Bejlrgdtble Bejlrgdtble ^`hdsh sh`hot leh jrlg tmh `bst dei tboa tmh klx
9.4
Dutlglkb`h dei Ltmhr Gltlr Zhmbo`h Dutlgltbvh ^drts Brle dei _thh` & Ele-Jhrrlus Ghtd` Omhgbod`s [ukkhr & ^`dstbo ^rliuots ^u`p & ^dphr H`hotrbo & Cds, ^htrl`hug dei Old` Ltmhrs (
Beiustrbd` O`dssbjbodtble
)
Bj ylu omlsh Ltmhrs, p`hdsh jb`` be ylur Beiustrbd` O`dssbjbodtble dklvh. Dutlglkb`h b`h pdrts Dutlglk
9.;
^rliuot Odthclry
9.? 9.9 9.8
Deeud` Yurelvhr (_tdth Ourrheoy) Eugkhr lj Hgp`lyhhs Yl Yltd` td` _bzh lj _bth (g;)
Leh mueirhi gb``ble Rhe 4>> hgp`lyhhs 4>>>>> ㎤
9.:
Eugkhr lj idys rhqubrhi tl olgp`hth tmh dsshssghet
(
;>;>6 _HOYBLE ?
4
) idy(s)
D^^@BODYBLE D^^@BODYBLE
^dch 48
Dpp`bodtble jlr ;>;> Y^G Dwdris Dwdris -_DG^@H (pdch ; lj ;)Xsh shpdrdth jlrg 8.
Edgh lj Olesu`tdet(s) Ymh edgh lj ylur rhcu`dr olesu`tdet dei d`sl tmh edgh(s) lj dey ltmhr phrsle(s) phrjlrgbec olesu`tbec shrvbohs suom ds leh idy olesu`tbec, sphobd` vbsbt dei Mhd`tm omhoa drh rhquhsthi
Edgh lj Olesu`tdet Gr.
Edgh lj tmh Olesu`tbec Jbrg
Ymbs bs rhqubrhi de dsshsslr. tl dvlbi dey rbsa lj d olej`bot lj bethrhst khtwhhe d olesu`tdet dei tmdt sdgh phrsle khbec dpplbethi ds dsshsslr.
:.
@lod` Bejlrgdtble Bejlrgdtble :.4 :.;
Mdehid Dbrplrt Ehdrhst Dbrplrt Edgh gbes bes Yrdvh``bec tbgh jrlg Dbrplrt tl ^`det Dklut 28 g
BDYD Dbrpl BDYD Dbrplrt rt olih*
MEI
:.?
_ucchsthi Mlth` wmhrh Dsshsslrs gdy stdy Ylayl ^rbeoh Mlth` Edgh ?-?-4 _mbkd-alhe, Gbedtl-au, Ylayl, 4>8-=8:>, Fdpde
Diirhss
Mlth` Oletdot Yh`hpmleh El. +=4-?-?9?;-4444 E/D Mlth` Jdx El. gbes bes :.9 Yrdvh``bec tbgh jrlg Dbrplrt tl Mlth` Dklut 2> g 8 gbe :.8 Yrdvh``bec tbgh jrlg Mlth` tl ^`det *Yl *Yl jbe jbei i BDYD Dbrplrt olih mttp6//www.edtblesle`beh.lrc/lehwlr`i/BDYD\Olihs/dbrplrt\olih\`bst.mtg
3.
=.
Y^G Bejlrgdtble 3.4
Olgp`htble lj _thp 9 Dutlelglus Gdbethedeoh
(^`hdsh tboa dpprlprbdth klx) klx)
RH_
EL
3.;
Il y ylu lu d`rhdiy mdvh d Y^G Dwdri<
(^`hdsh tboa dpprlprbdth klx) klx)
RH_
EL
3.? 3.9
Bj RH_, Odthclry lj Dwdri Dpp`bhi Rhdr lj Dwdri
_hrblus Doobihets *Ihpheis le ihtdb` lj doobihet, dpp`bodtble wlu`i elt kh doohpthi. doohpthi. (^`hdsh tboa dpprlprbdth klx) klx)
Mdvh ylu mdi dey shrblus doobihets be tmh `dst 4; gletms<
2.
RH_
EL
Bj RH_, Doobihet [hplrt gust kh dttdomhi
^uk`bo Ml`bidys dei ^`det O`lsurh idths Jhk hk 44 / Gdr Gdr ;4/ Dpr ;2/ Gdy ?, 9, 8 / Fu` 4=/ Duc 44/ 44/ _hp 42, ;; / Lot 4> / Elv ?, ;?/ Fde 4, 44/ J Iho ;? dei hvhry _dt dei _ue
Olu`i ylu odrry lut dsshssghet le _dturidy<
RH_
EL
Ky sbcebec tmbs jlrg ylu drh hethrbec betl de dcrhhghet khtwhhe tmh Y^G Dpp`bodet jlr ;>;> ds stdthi mhrhwbtmbe dei FB^G. Ymbs dcrhhghet bs vd`bi jrlg tmh idth lj dpp`bodtble dei uetb` d`` gdtthrs khtwhhe tmh Y^G Dpp`bodet jlr ;>;> dei FB^G rh`dtbec tl tmh ;>;> Y^G Dwdri drh o`lshi.
Edgh lj Olgpdey [hprhshetdtbv [hprhshetdtbvh h Idth
(^`hdsh typh)
^lsbtble
_bcedturh (Jlr mdri olpy sukgbssble) Fdpde Bestbtuth lj ^`det Gdbethedeoh Y^G Dwdri Ljjboh Fbgkloml _J BBB 8J, ?-? Adeid-Fbgkloml, Ombylid-au, Ylayl, 4>4->>84, Fdpde Yh`hpmleh6 +=4 ?-:=:8-:>=4 Jdx6 +=4 ?-:=:8-:>=; H-gdb`6 Y^GDSD[I_Nfbpg.lr.fp
;>;>6 _HOYBLE ?
D^^@BODYBLE D^^@BODYBLE
^dch 4:
Olgpdey ^rljb`h
[hqubrhi ^rljb`h lj Dpp`bodet Ymbs smlu`i kh shet vbd hgdb` dt tmh tbgh lj sukgbssble lj tmh Dpp`bodtble Jlrg.
4.
Olgpdey ^rljb`h
Rlur Olgpdey ^rljb`h smlu`i kh prhpdrhi pr hpdrhi ds d Gborlsljt Slri iloug iloughet het usbec Mh`vhtbod jlr tmh mhdi`beh lj hdom drtbo`h dei Ybghs Ehw [lgde jlet, sbzh 4;pt, jlr tmh kliy lj tmh thxt. Sh rhquhst tmdt prbethi idtd lr d ^IJ jb`h d`sl kh sukgbtthi dt tmh sdgh tbgh be lrihr tl prhvhet prbetbec hrrlrs. Kltm k`doa-dei-wmbth pmltls dei ol`lr pmltls drh doohptdk`h. Bthg 4.
;.
Olgpdey Olgpdey,, ^`det/Jdotlry ^rljb`h ^rljb`h
?.
9.
Ymbs smlu`i beo`uih olgpdey lwehrsmbp, edtbled` lr bethredtbled` sprhdi lj ltmhr ibvbsbles wbtmbe tmh crlup kut tmh gdbe hgpmdsbs smlu`i kh le tmh prljb`h lj p`det dpp`ybec jlr tmh Y^G dwdri.
4.;
Bthgs tl beo`uih wlu`i kh prliuot p rliuot rdech, prlohss thomel`lcy, gdedchghet lrcdebzdtble dei stdjjbec struoturh.
Gb`hstleh le tmh Flurehy lj Gdeujdoturbec Hxoh``heoh
9>> ‟ 99> wlris
^`hdsh hxp`dbe tmh rhdsles jlr dilptbec dilptbec Y^G ds d olgpdey pl`boy dei tmh gdflr bthgs tmdt mdvh khhe betrliuohi sbeoh olggheobec tmh flurehy.. flurehy
Khehjbts Dombhvhi
Hxp`dbe tmh khehjbts tmdt mdvh loourrhi jrlg6 jrlg6
?.4
Ydecbk`h kusbehss rhsu`ts tmdt mdvh bgprlvhi dei
?.;
Hgp`lyhh bevl`vhghet, gltbvdtble dei ltmhr betdecbk`h bgprlvhghets tmdt mdvh loourrhi.
Ahy lj lur Gdeujdoturbec Hxoh``heoh 9.4
8.
?>> - ?8> wlris wlris
4.4
;.4
Slris
49> ‟ ;>> wlris
;>> ‟ ?>> wlris
Sbtm tmh tmh hxphrbheoh cdbehi sl jdr le le tmh Y^G flurehy flurehy wmdt drh tmh ahy bthgs be lur gdeujdoturbec hxoh``heoh prlcrdggh tmh be tmh juturh.
Dombhvhghet [holri 8.4
Lkfhotbvh ghdsurhs smlu`i kh `bsthi jlr tmh jl``lwbec chehrd` mhdibecs6 ^rliuotbvbty Tud`bty Olst Ih`bvhry _djhty Glrd` _hh ehxt pdch jlr succhsthi bthgs jlr beo`usble
8.;
_hrblus Doobihet Beihx
;>;>6 _HOYBLE ?
D^^@BODYBLE D^^@BODYBLE
^dch 43
Y^G Dwdri Dsshssghet Dombhvhghet _mhht
-_DG^@HXsh shpdrdth jlrg Y^G Dwdri Dsshssghet Dombhvhghet _mhht _mhht Olgpdey & p`det edgh
Y^G _`lcde/Lkfhotbvhs
Odthclry
Beihx (Od`ou`dtble Jlrgu`d)
Xebt
_
Eugkhr lj wlra-rh`dthi doobihets Odshs/ rhqubrbec idys ljj wlra deeud``y
_
Eugkhr lj wlra-rh`dthi doobihets Odshs/ elt rhqubrbec elt rhqubrbec idys ljj wlra deeud``y
^ ^ ^ ^ T
^rliuotbvbty jlr gdbe prliuots LHH (lr Lvhrd`` ^`det Hjjbobheoy) Eugkhr lj tdcs rdbshi Eugkhr lj krhdailwes
Krhdailwes/ deeud``y
Eugkhr lj oustlghr olgp`dbets _ordp _ordp dei rhwlra
Eugkhr % %
Olst beihx
Olst/Xebt Olst/Ab`lcrdg
I
@hdi tbgh be idys
Idys
I
Ih`bvhry phrjlrgdeoh
%
_djhty beihx
Doobihets phr 4>>,>>> lphrdtlr mlurs
Ltmhr
FB^G Xsh
Eugkhr
O
G
Ydrcht ;>;>
%
Be-`beh ihjhot rdth
_
Dotud` _tdtus ;>42
^drts/Lphrdtlr mlurs
T
_
Aboa ljj/ Y^G _tdrthi
Eugkhr lj doobihets rhqubrbec dksheoh (doougu`dtble lj pdst ; Eugkhr/ Rhdr y) Eugkhr lj Hgp`lyhh _ucchstbles 0_phobjy dombhvhghets dombhvhghets elt hxprhssbk`h be eughrbod` thrgs5 4. Il ylu mdvh d prlcrdg w wmhrh mhrh d`` hgp`lyhhs ode p pdrtbobpdth drtbobpdth be Y^G< ;. Il ylu mdvh d prlcrdg d``lw d``lwbec bec hgp`lyhhs tl kh rholcebzhi tmhbr dombhvhg dombhvhghets< hets< ?. Drh tlp gdedchghet bev bevl`vhi l`vhi be tmh duibt/vhrbjbo duibt/vhrbjbodtble dtble lj olgp`htble lj Y^G pb``dr sthps< 9. Drh d`` pb``dr dotbv dotbvbty bty kldri kldris s ibs ibsp`dyhi p`dyhi dei rhvbhwhi ky tlp gdedchghet<
;>;>6 _HOYBLE ?
D^^@BODYBLE D^^@BODYBLE
^dch 4=
Ele-Ibso`lsurh Dcrhhghet -_DG^@H (pdch 4 lj ;)Xsh shpdrdth jlrg
Elth6
Mdvh tmh beibohs olv olvhrhi hrhi d`` bgplrtdet bthg bthgs s rh`dthi tl ^TO ^TOI_G I_G g ghdsurhs hdsurhs khbec ueihrtdahe be tmh hetbrhty lj tmh sukfh sukfhot ot tl kh ds dsshsshi. shsshi. Elth d`` beibohs be tmh Y^G Dotbvbty [hplrt. Smhrh ylur sphobjbo beibohs vdry jrlg tmlsh dklvh dttdom rh`hvdet idtd.
YMB_ DC[HHGHEY bs gdih le QBeshrt Idth lj jb``bec lut tmbs jlrgW KHYSHHE6 (4) Fdpde Bestbtuth lj ^`det Gdbethedeoh wmlsh rhcbsthrhi ljjboh bs dt Fbgkloml _J BBB 8J 8J,, ?-? Adeid-
Fbgkloml, Ombylid-au, Ylayl, Ylayl, 4>4->>84, Fdpde (mhrhbedjthr rhjhrrhi tl ds tmh ‐FB^G‗)1 dei (;)
QBeshrt Olgpdey EdghW wmlsh rhcbsthrhi ljjboh bs dt QBeshrt Olgpdey DiirhssW (mhrhbedjthr rhjhrrhi tl ds tmh ‐D__H__HH‗. )
KDOAC[LXEI Ymbs Dcrhhghet bs gdih wbtm rhsphot tl tmh olejbihetbd`bty lj tmh bejlrgdtble prlvbihi ky hbtmhr pdrty tl tmh ltmhr pdrty be oleehotble wbtm tmh dsshssghet djjdbrs (mhrhbedjthr rhjhrrhi tl ds tmh ‐Dsshssghet‗) jlr tmh Y^G Dwdri oleiuothi ky tmh Olgpdey jlr tmh Dsshsshh. Drtbo`h 4 Ihjbebtble
4.
;.
?.
Ymh thrg ‐Olejbihetbd` Bejlrgdtble‗ mhrhbe ushi ghdes dey thomel`lcbod` lr kusbehss bejlrgdtble ibso`lshi ky hbtmhr pdrt tl tmh ltmhr pdrty, wmhtmhr lrd``y, be wrbtbec, be h`hotrlebo lr lptbod` jlrg lr be ltmhr typh lj ghibd, be oleehotble wbtm tmh Dsshssghet, hxohpt tmh bejlrgdtble tmdt6 (4) wds d`rhdiy puk`bo`y a aelwe elwe wmhe ibso`lshi1 (;) wds d`rhdiy lktdbehi dei plss plsshsshi hsshi ky tmh rhohbvbec p pdrty drty be d `dwju` gdeehr w wmhe mhe ibso`lshi1 (?) kholghs puk`bo`y aelwe djthr khbec ibso`lshi w wbtmlut btmlut jdu`t lj tmh rhohbvb rhohbvbec ec pdrty1 (9) bs lktdbehi ky tmh rhohbvbec p pdrty drty be d `dwju` gdeehr djthr ibso`lsurh jrlg d iu`y dutmlrbzhi dutmlrbzhi tmbri pdrty wbtmlut olejbihetbd` lk`bcdtble1 (8) bs rhqubrhi ky `dw tl kh ibs ibso`lshi1 o`lshi1 lr (:) bs rhqubrhi ky d iu`y dutmlrbzhi tmbri pdrty pdrty,, beo`uibec wbtmlut `bgbtdtble d olgphthet dutmlrbty, dutmlrbty, tl kh ibso`lshi. Ymh Olejbihetbd` Bejlrgdtble hbtmhr pdrty betheis tl ibso`lsh tl tmh ltmhr pdrty gust kh gdrahi ds olejbihetbd`. Ymh Olejbihetbd` Bejlrgdtble w wmbom mbom gdy kh ibso`lshi lrd``y g gust ust kh sphobjbhi be wrbtbec dei gdrahi ds olejbihetbd` wbtmbe ?> idys id ys jrlg suom ibso`lsurh. El bejlrgdtble bejlrgdtble tmdt gdy kh ibso`lshi be d gdeehr elt clvhrehi ky tmh prhohibec o`dush s smd`` md`` kh olesbihrhi ds olejbihetbd` Bejlrgdtble.
Drtbo`h ; Olejbihetbd`bty
4. ;.
?.
Ehbtmhr pdrty smd`` ush tmh Olejbihetbd` Bejlrgdtble jlr dey purpls purplsh h ltmhr tmde tmh Dsshssg Dsshssghet het lr ibso`lsh lr ibvu`ch bt tl d tmbri pdrty ue`hss tmh ibso`lsbec pdrty jbrst cbvhs bts divdeoh wrbtthe oleshet. Ymh twl pdrtbhs smd`` strbot`y oletrl` tmh Olejbihetbd` Bejlrg Bejlrgdtble dtble ibso`lshi ky tmh ltmhr pdrty pdrty,, lr tmdt tmhy cdbehi aelw`hich lj jrlg tmh ltmhr pdrty, be oleehotble wbtm tmh Dsshssghet, dei ehbtmhr pdrty smd`` ush tmh Olejbihetbd` Bejlrgdtble jlr dey purplsh ltmhr tmde tmh Dsshssghet Dsshssghet lr ibso`lsh lr ibvu`ch bt tl d tm tmbri bri pdrty pdrty.. Bj rhdsledk`y ehhihi, hbtmhr pdrty gdy ibso`lsh tmh Olejbih Olejbihetbd` etbd` Bejlrgdtble le`y tl bts ljjbohrs lr hgp`ly hgp`lyhhs hhs wml ehhi tl aelw bt lr d tmbri tmbri pdrty tl wmlg F FB^G B^G sukoletrdot sukoletrdots s tmh Dsshssg Dsshssghet. het. Be tmbs odsh, tmh s sdgh dgh lk`bcdtble ds bgplshi le FB^G mhrhueihr smd`` kh bgplshi le tmh ljjbohrs dei hgp`lyhhs lr sukoletrdotbec tmbri pdrty tl wmlg tmh Olejbihetbd` Bejlrgdtble mds khhe ibso`lshi.
Drtbo`h ? [hture
D`` iloughets sukgbtthi tl FB^G wb`` kh ihstrlyhi hxohpt leh Y^G Dotbvbty [hplrt be OI Jlrgdt jlr FB^G‒s drombvhs. Bj ylu wlu`i `bah ylur Y^G Dotbvbty [hplrt rhturehi, ylu gust oletdot FB^G bgghibdth`y djthr tmh dsshssghet. Ymh [hplrt wb`` kh rhturehi ky rhohbvhr-pdy bethredtbled` olurbhr. Drtbo`h 9 Yhrgs lj Oletrdot
4. ;. ?.
Ymbs Dcrhhghet sm smd`` d`` kh vd`bi jrlg tmh idth lj tmbs Dcr Dcrhhghet hhghet jlr jbvh (8) yhdrs dei g gdy dy kh rhehwhi be doolrideoh wbtm tmh ibsoussble lj kltm pdrtbhs. Eltwbtmstdeibec tmh pr prhohibec hohibec o`dush, tmbs Dcrhhghet gdy kh thrgbedthi bj hbtmhr p pdrty drty prlplshs tmh thrgbedtble lj tmbs Dcrhhghet tl tmh ltmhr pdrty be wrbtbec dei tmh ltmhr pdrty doohpts tmh sdgh be wrbtbec. ^rlvbsbles lj o`dush o`dush ; lj D Drtbo`h rtbo`h ; dei Drtbo Drtbo`h `h 8 smd`` survbvh tmh thrg thrgbedtble bedtble lj tmbs Dcr Dcrhhghet hhghet ky hxpbry hxpbry,, odeoh``dtble lr dey ltmhr rhdsle ds `lec ` lec ds d rh`hvdet hvhet hxbsts.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE ?
D^^@BODYBLE D^^@BODYBLE
^dch 42
Ele-Ibso`lsurh Dcrhhghet -_DG^@H (pdch ; lj ;)Xsh shpdrdth jlrg Drtbo`h 8 Olgphesdtble jlr Idgdchs
Hbtmhr pdrty gdy gdah d o`dbg dcdbest tmh ltmhr pdrty tl olgphesdth jlr idgdch beourrhi ky bt drbsbec lut lj tmh ltmhr pdrty‒s vbl`dtble lj tmbs Dcrhhghet wbtmlut rhdsledk`h odush lr gdy shha de befueotble tl susphei suom vbl`dtble.
Drtbo`h : _htt`hghet lj Ilukt
Deytmbec elw sphobjbhi be tmbs Dcrhhghet lr dey ilukt drbsbec lut lj tmbs Dcrhhghet smd`` kh shtt`hi ky kltm pdrtbhs wbtm d clli-jdbtm ehcltbdtble. Ymbs Dcrhhghet smd`` kh clvhrehi ky dei oles olestruhi truhi be doolrideo doolrideoh h wbtm tmh prlvbsbles lj Fdpdehsh @dw dei dey ibsputh wmbom odeelt kh shtt`hi wbtm ehcltbdtble smd`` kh sukfhot tl tmh hxo`usbvh furbsibotble lj tmh Fdpdehsh olurts tl wmbom tmh pdrtbhs tl tmh Dcrhhghet mhrhky sukgbt. BE SBYEH__ SMH[HLJ, tmh pdrtbhs mhrhtl mdvh odushi tmbs Dcrhhghet tl kh hxhouthi be iup`bodth ds d ihhi dei hdom pdrty smd`` rhtdbe leh lrbcbed`. _bcehi ds d ihhi dei ih`bvhrhi ky
………………………………………………. _heblr Gdedcbec Ibrhotlr Ibrhotlr,, _dtlsmb _uzulab Jlr dei le khmd`j lj Fdpde Bestbtuth lj ^`det Gdbethedeoh
_bcehi ds d ihhi dei ih`bvhrhi ky
………………………………………………. QBeshrt ^lsbtbleW QBeshrt Edgh lj [hprhshetdtbvhW Jlr dei le khmd`j lj QBeshrt olgpdey edghW
;>;>6 _HOYBLE ?
D^^@BODYBLE D^^@BODYBLE
^dch ;>
9. Dsshssghet Jhhs dei Ltmhr Dsslobdthi Olsts
Jbrst _tdch Dsshssghet Jhhs
D` D``` Jh Jhhs hs dr drh h be F^R F^R (Fdpdehsh yhe)
Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh - Odthclry K
F^R 4 >>> >>>.
Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh - Odthclry D
F^R 4 >>> >>>.
Dwdri jlr Hxoh``heoh be Olesbsthet Y^G Olggbtghet
F^R 4 >8> >>>.
_phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet
F^R 4 4>> >>>.
Divdeohi _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet
F^R 4 ;>> >>>.
Dwdri jlr Slr`i O`dss Y^G Dombhvhghet
F^R 4 ?>> >>>.
_holei _tdch Dsshssghet Jhhs Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh - Odthclry K
F^R 4 >>> >>>.
Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh - Odthclry D
F^R 4 >>> >>>.
Dwdri jlr Hxoh``heoh be Olesbsthet Y^G Olggbtghet
F^R 4 >8> >>>.
_phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet
F^R 4 4>> >>>.
Divdeohi _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet
F^R 4 ;>> >>>.
Dwdri jlr Slr`i O`dss Y^G Dombhvhghet
F^R 4 ?>> >>>.
QElthW *Ymhsh jhhs drh jlr d sbec`h idy Dsshssghet. (Gdah surh tl omhoa tmh eugkhr lj idys rhqubrhi tl odrry lut tmh dsshssghet jlr hdom dsshssghet odthclry. -_hh _hotble -_hh _hotble ;.?.4(:) dei (3). (3). Gu`tbp`h idy Dsshssghets - _hh _hotble _hh _hotble 9.8. *Ymh dsshssghet jhh ilhs elt beo`uih tmh trdvh` olsts lj tmh dsshsslr(s) wmhrh trdvh` drrdechghets drh gdih ky FB^G. FB^G. *Jrlg ;>;4, Dsshssghet Jhh wb`` kh rdbshi F^R 8> >>> phr idy jlr olst lj sdjhty ghdsurh.
4.
Bevlbohs, ^dyghet lj Jhhs dei [hohbpts 4.4
Le rhohbpt lj tmh olgp`hth dpp`bodtble jlrg, de bevlboh wb`` kh bssuhi tl olvhr tmh Jbrst dei _holei _tdch Dsshssghets jhhs.
4.;
Smhe tmh trdvh` drrdechghets mdvh khhe gdih jlr tmh Jbrst _tdch Dsshssghet d sholei bevlboh wb`` kh bssuhi tl olvhr tmbs bthg.
4.?
Smhe trdvh` drrdechghets mdvh khhe gdih jlr tmh _holei _tdch Dsshssghet d tmbri bevlboh wb`` kh bssuhi tl olvhr tmbs bthg.
4.9
Smhe tmh jhh bs pdbi jrlg lvhrshds ky kdea trdesjhr, p`hdsh gdah surh tmdt tmh tltd` dgluet lj tmh jhh bs pdbi ds phr bevlboh. D`` trdesjhr jhhs dei kdea olgbssbles drh tl kh pdbi ky tmh dpp`bodet. Be odsh lj d smlrtdch be tmh pdyghet, diibtbled` pdyghet jlr tmh `doabec dgluet wb`` kh rhqubrhi.
4.8
D`` bevlbohs drh pdydk`h wbtmbe :> idys lj bevlboh idth. Smhrh puromdsh lrihr eugkhrs lr oletrdots drh rhqubrhi tl rhgbt pdyghets, tmbs gust kh beibodthi le tmh dpp`bodtble jlrg.
4.:
Smhe ylu gdah wbrh trdesjhr, p`hdsh jb`` be olrrhot kdea bejlrgdtble lj FB^G wmbom ghetblhei be bevlboh, jlr hxdgp`h, hx dgp`h, kdea dooluet eugkhr, rhohbvhr edgh6 Fdpde Bestbtuth lj ^`det Gdbethedeoh.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 9
JHH_ & D__LOBDYHI OL_Y_
^dch ;4
9. Dsshssghet Jhhs dei Ltmhr Dsslobdthi Olsts
;.
4.3
Bj ylur olgpdey mds lutstdeibec kb``s jlr FB^G, tmh dpp`bodtble gbcmt kh odeoh``hi.
4.=
FB^G ilhs elt mdvh omdoa, sl odeelt prlvbih sodeehi vlbihi omhoa lr ihplsbt s`bp ds ohrtbjbodth iloughet lj kdea dooluet. ^`hdsh olejbrg le tmbs bssuh wbtm ylur jbedeobd` thrg be divdeoh.
Yrdvh` Hxphesh FB^G wb`` gdah rhshrvdtble jlr dbr tboahts (Be prbeobp`h, dbr tboahts drh kusbehss-o`dss wbtm rhcu`dr jdrh tboahts), `lod` trdesplrtdtble be Fdpde (Jrlg dsshsslr‒s mlgh tl dbrplrt dei kdoa), trdvh` besurdeoh dei kusbehss ZB_D bj dpp`bodk`h . Ymhsh trdvh` hxphesh wb`` kh omdrchi tl tmh dpp`bodet. dpp`bodet. Le`y ueihr sphobd` obrougstdeohs wb`` FB^G olesbihr rhquhstbec tmh dpp`bodet tl rhshrvh dei pdy jlr dbr tboahts.
?.
Doolgglidtble Hxphesh Doolgglidtble dei suksbstheoh hxpheshs tmdt drh ehohssdry tl odrry lut de dsshssghet dsshssg het wb`` kh pdbi ky tmh dpp`bodet. Bj diibtbled` hxpheshs drh beourrhi tmdt drh ehohssdry tl tmh dsshssghet prlohss tmhsh wb`` kh omdrchi tl tmh dpp`bodet.
9.
Ydx Ymh jhh ilhs elt beo`uih tdxhs, suom ds trdesdotble tdx dei vd`uh diihi tdx. Smhe ylu h`hotrlebod``y trdesjhr tmh jhh, p`hdsh gdah surh tmdt tmh tltd` dgluet lj tmh jhh bs pdbi. Be odsh lj ueihrpdyghet tmh dpp`bodtble gdy elt kh doohpthi. Dey tdx dei kdea olggbssble smlu`i kh pdbi ky dpp`bodets. Bj Y^G Dwdri Ljjboh ilhs elt rhohbvhi tmh ju`` dgluet lj bevlboh, tmh dpp`bodtble wb`` kh odeoh`hi. Elth tmdt bevlbohs jlr trdvh` dei suksbstheoh drh d`sl elt olesbihrhi tl dttrdot wbtm-ml`ibec tdx ds tmhrh bs el prlvbsble lj shrvbohs.
8.
Diibtbled` Jhh De dsshssghet bs ihjbehi ds >2>> ‟ 43>> mrs lr ds = mlurs beo`uibec 4-mlur `ueom dei ehohssdry krhdas. Ymh dsshssghet somhiu`h smlu`i kh jlrgdtthi tl jbt tmbs tbgh jrdgh. Bj tmh Dsshssghet rhqubrhs d`` lr pdrt lj d sholei idy tl olgp`hth, tmh jhh omdrchi wb`` kh ; x tmh jhh smlwe be tmh tdk`h dt tmh khcbeebec lj _hotble 9. 9. _bgb`dr`y _bgb`dr`y,, bj d tmbri idy bs rhqubrhi tmh jhh omdrchi wb`` kh ? x tmh jhh smlwe be tmh tdk`h dt tmh khcbeebec lj _hotble 9.
Oletbeuhi tl tmh ehxt pdch…
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 9
JHH_ & D__LOBDYHI OL_Y_
^dch ;;
9. Dsshssghet Jhhs dei Ltmhr Dsslobdthi Olsts
:.
Sbtmirdwd` Jhh Be tmh hvhet lj wbtmirdwd`, d wbtmirdwd` jhh be `beh wbtm tmh tdk`h lut`behi kh`lw wb`` kh dpp`bhi wbtm tmh kd`deoh lj tmh pdyghets gdih ky tmh dpp`bodet tl kh rhjueihi. _mlu`i de dpp`bodet olgpdey wbsm tl wbtmirdw djthr sukgbttbec de dpp`bodtble, tmhy drh rhqubrhi tl olgp`hth dei sukgbt tmh Sbtmirdwd` Jlrg ‟ _hh pdch _hh pdch 4?. 4?.
Ybgbec lj Eltbjbodtble lj Sbtmirdwd`
Sbtmirdwbec khjlrh tmh deelueohghet lj idth jlr 4st stdch dsshssghet, djthr bssuhi dsshssghet jhh bevlboh
Jhh ^dydk`h tl FB^G
-?>> >>> Rhe ds Digbe Jhh -?>> >>> Rhe ds Digbe jhh
Sbtmirdwbec djthr tmh deelueohghet lj tmh idth jlr 4st stdch dsshssghet
-;>% lj 4st stdch jhhs -Olggbtthi trdvh` olsts tmdt odeelt kh odeoh``hi -?>> >>> Rhe ds Digbe jhh
Sbtmirdwbec khjlrh tmh deelueohghet lj idth jlr ;ei stdch dsshssghet
-4>>% lj 4st stdch jhhs -;> % lj ;ei stdch jhhs - Olggbtthi trdvh` olsts jlr 4st stdch -?>> >>> Rhe ds Digbe jhh
Sbtmirdwbec djthr tmh deelueohghet lj tmh idth jlr ;ei stdch dsshssghet
-4>>% lj 4st stdch jhhs -;> % lj ;ei stdch jhhs -Olggbtthi trdvh` olsts tmdt odeelt kh odeoh``hi jlr 4st & ;ei stdch -?>> >>> Rhe ds Digbe jhh
Sbtmirdwbec djthr tmh ;ei stdch dsshssghet bs jbebsmhi
-4>>% lj 4st stdch jhhs -4>> % lj ;ei stdch jhhs -Olggbtthi trdvh` olsts jlr 4st & ;ei stdch
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 9
JHH_ & D__LOBDYHI OL_Y_
^dch ;?
9. Dsshssghet Jhhs dei Ltmhr Dsslobdthi Olsts 3.
Jl``lw-up Jhh
3.4 Jl``lw-up Jhh
D` D``` Jhhs Jhhs dr drh h be F^R F^R (Fdpdehsh yhe)
Jl``lw-up Jhh (jlr 4 idy)
F^R 8>> >>>.
3.; Jl``lw-up Sbtmirdwd` Jhh Ybgbec lj Eltbjbodtble lj Sbtmirdwd`
Sbtmirdwbec khjlrh tmh deelueohghet lj jbed` Jl``lw-up somhiu`h, djthr dpp`bodtble bs doohpthi.
Jhh ^dydk`h tl FB^G
-?>> >>> Rhe ds Digbe Jhh -?>> >>> Rhe ds Digbe jhh
Sbtmirdwbec djthr tmh deelueohghet lj jbed` Jl``lw-up somhiu`h
-;>% lj Jl``lw-up jhhs -Olggbtthi trdvh` olsts tmdt odeelt kh odeoh``hi
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 9
JHH_ & D__LOBDYHI OL_Y_
^dch ;9
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet
Ymh jl``lwbec shotble wb`` dssbst wbtm tmh ehohssdry prhpdrdtbles jlr de Dsshssghet. Bthgs oletdbehi be tmbs shotble drh6
^dch Eugkhr
_hotble Olethets 4
Ymh Dotbvbty [hplrt 4.4 Cubih tl Orhdtbec tmh dotbvbty [hplrt …………………………… [hplrt ……………………………
;:
4.; Y^G Dotbvbty [hplrt Olethets 4.; Olethets - Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh Odthclry K & D dei Dwdri jlr Hxoh``heoh be Olesbsthet Y^G Olggbtghet …. - _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet ..………………….…. - Divdeohi _phobd` Dwdri tl Y^G Dombhvhghet … ……….…. …….…. - Dwdri jlr Slr`i-o`dss Y^G Dombhvhghet ………….……… - Chehrd` ^lbets ………………………………………………..
;3 ‟ ?> ?4 ?4 ?4 ?4
4.?
Hxdgp`h lj Olethet Olethet - Lut`beh lj Rlur Olgpdey dei ^` ^`det det ……… …………………….…. …………….…. - Y^G ^l`bobhs dei Lkfhotbvhs ………………………………..
?; ??＇?9
;
Drrdechghets jlr tmh Dsshssghet …………………………………….
?8＇?3
?
Hxdgp`h lj Zheuh Drrdechghets ……………………………………….
?=
9
Hxdgp`h lj Ghgl Elthpdis ……………………………………………
?2＇9>
8
Hxdgp`h lj Dsshssghet Dcheid………………………………………… Dcheid…………………………………………
94
:
Hxdgp`h lj Dsshssghet Cubih………………………………………… Cubih…………………………………………
9;＇9?
3
Hxdgp`h lj Ghhtbec Gbeuths …………………………………………… ……………………………………………
99
=
Hxdgp`h lj Adbzhe / Bgprlvhghet [hplrt …………………………… 98
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__G D__H__GHEY HEY
^dch ;8
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet
4. Ymh Dotbvbty [hplrt Leh lj tmh gdbe lkfhotbvhs lj tmh Y^G dotbvbty rhplrt bs tl prlvbih d rholri lj tmh Y^G dotbvbtbhs oleiuothi tl idth dei tl d``lw Dsshsslrs tl stuiy odrhju``y prblr tl olggheobec tmh dsshssghet. Ymh rhplrt smlu`i elt oletdbe duibl lr vbihl gdthrbd` ds tmbs gdy mbeihr tmh sorhhebec prlohss. 4.4 Cubih tl Y^G Dotbvbty [hplrt _ty`h ^dphr Jlrgdt - D9 (;4> gg (;23 gg) lr sbgb`dr sbzh wbtm `hjt-kluei jlrgdt - ^rbetbec olpy eugkhr le tmh olvhr pdch bs rhqubrhi. rhqubrhi. - Iup`hx prbetbec (prbetbec le kltm kltm sbihs lj pdphr) - Xsh 4; plbet jlet lr `drchr - ^rlvbih tmh [hplrt be hdsy tl rhdi sty`h Gust kllakbeibec (Fust pdphrs wbtm o`bp odeelt kh doohpthi) - Dvlbi usbec p`dstbo rbec kbeihr (tmh rbec gbcmt kh krlahe wmhe tmh rhplrts drh ih`bvhrhi ky olurbhr) - ^rlvbih 9 Olpbhs (8 Olpbhs jlr Divdeohi _phobd`, Slr`i-o`dss)
OI Jlrgdt - Gust kh be ^IJ jb`h jlrgdt wbtm usbec 4; plbet jlet lr `drchr dei wbtm beihxhs jlr hdom omdpthr. Jlr tmh shourbty purplsh, slgh slrt lj prlthotble smlu`i kh le tmh idtd lr tmh jb`h btsh`j. - Ile‒t ush ‐OI+[‗. ‐OI+[‗. - ^rlvbih ; OIs @decudch -
Gust kh be Hec`bsm lr Fdpdehsh. Bj ylu prhpdrh Dotbvbty Dotbvbty rhplrt be Fdpdehsh, p`hdsh ghetble ghetble ylur Hec`bsm Hec`bsm olgpdey edgh d`sl le olvhr pdch.
[hplrt @hectm
-
[hplrt tl kh d gdxbgug lj ?>> pdchs
[hplrt jlr _holei _tdch Dsshssghet Xpidth bejlrgdtble jrlg tmh Jbrst _tdch dsshssghet smlu`i kh rholcebshi hdsb`y ky tmh dsshsslr suom ds mbcm`bcmtbec tmh shotble wbtm tmh upidthi bejlrgdtble. _hotbles wbtm ehw bgprlvhghet odsh stuibhs d`sl smlu`i kh mbcm`bcmthi tl kh jluei hdsb`y.
Dotbvbty [hplrts _ukgbssble Ihdi`beh Bthg Y^G Dotbvbty [hplrts jlr 4st stdch 9 Olpbhs dei ; OIs Y^G Dotbvbty [hplrts jlr ;ei stdch 9 Olpbhs dei ; OIs
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
_ukgbssble Ihdi`beh 48 Jhk ;>;> 9> Idys prblr tl Dsshssghet Idth
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__G D__H__GHEY HEY
^dch ;:
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet ELYH_6 4.
Be odshs, p`hdsh prhpdrh tmh spdrhs lj Dotbvbty [hplrt be ylur p`det. D jurtmhr olpy lj tmh olgpdey‒s Y^G Dotbvbty [hplrt smlu`i kh gdih dvdb`dk`h jlr tmh Dsshsslrs wmhe tmhy omhoa betl tmh mlth` tmh idy khjlrh tmh dsshssghet. Ymbs wb`` hesurh dsshssghet idy.tmdt tmh `dthst bejlrgdtble bs dvdb`dk`h tl tmh Dsshsslrs prblr tl tmh
;.
_mlu`i tmh olgpdey rhqubrh tmh Dotbvbty [hplrts tl kh rhturehi, smbpghet omdrchs wb`` kh pdbi ky tmh dpp`bodet.
?.
Smb`h tmh dotbvbty rhplrts gdy oletdbe ^lwhr^lbet s`bihs, s`bihs d`leh drh besujjbobhet bejlrgdtble. _upplrt hvbiheoh le Y^G bgp`hghetdtble smlu`i kh prlvbihi.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__G D__H__GHEY HEY
^dch ;3
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet
4.; Y^G Dotbvbty [hplrt Olethets H]DG^@H OLEYHEY_ JL[6 L
Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh ‟ Odthclry K L Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh ‟ Odthclry D Dwdri jlr Hxoh``heoh be Olesbsthet Y^G Olggbtghet L Beihx Omdpthr 4 ‐Lut`beh lj Rlur Olgpdey dei ^`det‗ ([hjhr tl pdch ?? ‟ Hxdgp`h lj Olethet jlr _truoturh Cubih`behs) 4-4
4-;
Olgpdey 4-4.4 Krbhj mbstlry1 Mbstlry lj Odpbtd`bzdtble dei _d`hs. (Mhrh dei be tmh rhst lj ylur rhplrt, ylu gdy rhjhr tl ehohssdry ihtdb`s ky usbec bthg eugkhrs tmdt drh olesbsthet tmrlucmlut tmh rhplrt, h.c., ”4.‒ lr ”4)‒ lr ”(4)‒, hto.) 4-4.; Drhds lj kusbehss ylur olgpdey/p`det bs hecdchi be 4-4.? Lrcdebzdtbles ^`det 4-;.4 Krbhj mbstlry 4-;.; Lrcdebzdtbles 4-;.? ^`det @dylut 4-;.9 _bzh lj Kusbehss
∛ ∛
4-? 4-9 4-8 4-: Omdpthr ;
‐Y^G ^l`bobhs dei Lkfhotbvhs‗ ([hjhr tl pdch ?; jlr Hxdgp`h) Hxdgp`h) ;-4 ;-;
Omdpthr ?
Olgpdey‒s/^`det‒s Lvhrd`` ^l`bobhs dei Y^G1 mlw tmhy drh bethr-rh`dthi Y^G ^l`bobhs, Lkfhotbvhs, Bgp`hghetdtble
‐Y^G Lrcdebzdtbles dei Dotbvbtbhs‗ ?-4 ?-; ?-?
Omdpthr 9
Deeud` prliuotble vl`ugh Gdflr hqubpghet _phobjy tmh hqubpghet ylu mdvh, dei bts vl`ugh, hto1 vl`ugh sukfhot tl Y^G, dei dvhrdch `hectm lj ush lj suom hqubpghet. ∛ Ymh _tdjjs Mlw tmhy drh lrcdebzhi, wmdt tmhbr wlra somhiu`h bs, dei wmdt tmhbr wlrabec mlurs bs, hto. ^rliuotble _ysthgs ∛ Jrlg lrihr rhohbvbec ilwe tmrlucm smbppbec1 d`sl prliuotble `hdi tbgh Gdbe ^rliuots dei ^rliuotble ^rlohsshs ^lsbtble lj Rlur Olgpdey wbtmbe Beiustry1 Rlur _mdrh lj Gdraht Idth lj Y^G Beducurdtble be Rlur ^`det (Smdt yhdr yhdr dei gletm, hto.)
Mbstlry lj Hqubpghet Gdedchghet Lrcdebzdtble Hvl`utble _tdtus lj ^`det Lrcdebzdtble dei _tdjjbec ky _hotble Y^G ^rlgltble Lrcdebzdtble dei Dotbvbtbhs
‐Beibvbiud` Bgprlvhghet Dotbvbtbhs (Adbzhe)‗ 9-4 9-; 9-? 9-9 9-8 9-:
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
Lut`beh ∛ Dbgs, Cld`s, Oleohpts dei Ahy ^lbets lj ^rdotboh _truoturh lj @lsshs dei Ded`ysbs Adbzhe Ylpbos1 mlw bs khbec prdotbohi ∛ Gdflr/gbelr tlpbos1 eugkhr lj bihds, prhshet prhshet stdtus, dei thomebquhs ushi ^G Ded`ysbs Beibvbiud` Adbzhe ∛ Hxdgp`hs dei Hjjhots [hsu`ts dei Juturh ^`des ^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__G D__H__GHEY HEY
^dch ;=
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet
Omdpthr 8
Omdpthr :
‐Dutlelglus Gdbethedeoh Dotbvbtbhs‗ 8-4
Lut`beh ∛ Dbgs, Cld`s dei Oleohpts
8-; 8-? 8-9
Ahy ^lbets lj Dotbvbty _thp-ky-_thp Bgp`hghetdtble dei Ibdcelsbs _ysthgs Dotbvbty _tdtus1 _tdtus lj hdom sthp, dotbvbty kldris, leh plbet `hsshes, hto.
8-8 8-:
Dutlelglus Gdbethedeoh ∛ Hxdgp`hs dei Hjjhots [hsu`ts dei Juturh ^`des
‐^`deehi Gdbethedeoh Dotbvbtbhs‗ :-4 :-; :-? :-9 :-8 :-: :-3
Lut`beh ∛ Jhdturhs lj hqubpghet1 bssuhs lj hqubpghet gdbethedeoh Gdbethedeoh Ihpdrtghet Lrcdebzdtble dei _tdjjbec [l`h _mdrbec khtwhhe Lphrdtbec Ihpdrtghets dei Gdbethedeoh Crlup _upplrt jlr Dutlelglus Gdbethedeoh Hstdk`bsmbec ^`deehi Gdbethedeoh _ysthg Gdbethedeoh Bejlrgdtble Oletrl`, Krhdailwe Ded`ysbs, GYKJ, GYY[, hto. _tdtus lj Olrrhotbvh Gdbethedeoh
:-= :-2 :-4> :-44 :-4; :-4?
Yhomebod` Ihvh`lpghets jlr Dutlgdtbo Gdbethedeoh Hqubpghet Ibdcelsbs Yhomebquhs, _tdtus lj ^rhibotbvh Gdbethedeoh @ukrbodtble Oletrl` _tloa Oletrl` Oletrl` lj Ibhs, Fbcs, Ghdsurbec Bestrughets, Irdwbecs dei hto Gdbethedeoh Kuichts dei Oletrl` :-4?.4 Mlw gdbethedeoh olsts drh ihthrgbehi :-4?.; :-4?.?
∛ Be rh`dtble tl sd`hs, stdjjbec dei gdbethedeoh olst Mlw kuicht bs o`dssbjbhi ∛ Ky ihpdrtghet, cld`, hto. Kuicht bthg krhdailwe lutsbih, bethred` `dklr olst, hto. ∛ Gdthrbd` rhpdbr olsts pdbi lutsbih,
:-4?.9
Orbthrbd ky wmbom tltd` kuicht bs jbxhi
∛ Dotud` phrjlrgdeoh be prhvblus dooluetbec phrblis, prliuotble vl`ugh, rhpdbr p`des ky edturh lj rhpdbr, hto. :-4?.8 Dutmlrbty jlr dpprlprbdtble ∛ Ky plsbtble `hvh` :-49 ^`deehi Gdbethedeoh ∛ Hxdgp`hs dei Hjjhots :-48 [hsu`ts dei Juturh ^`des Omdpthr 3
‐Tud`bty Gdbethedeoh Dotbvbtbhs‗ 3-4 3-; 3-? 3-9
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
Lut`beh ∛ Dbgs dei Lkfhotbvhs ^rlcrhss dei Besphotble Ghtmlis Hxdgp`hs dei Hjjhots [hsu`ts dei Juturh ^`des
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__G D__H__GHEY HEY
^dch ;2
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet
Omdpthr =
‐Ihvh`lpghet Gdedchghet Dotbvbtbhs‗ =-4
^rliuot Ihvh`lpghet Gdedchghet
=-;
=-4.4 Lut`beh ∛ Oleohpts, Dbgs, dei _omhiu`h =-4.; Ihsbcebec hdsy-tl-gdah prliuots be tmh ihvh`lpghet stdch =-4.? ^rliuot Ihvh`lpghet Gdedchghet _ysthg =-4.9 G^ Bejlrgdtble, bts ol``hotble dei ush =-4.8 Ihsbcebec [hoyo`dk`h ^rliuots dei Gdeujdoturbec _ysthgs =-4.: [hsu`ts dombhvhi dei Juturh ^`des Hqubpghet Ihvh`lpghet Gdedchghet =-;.4 =-;.; =-;.?
Lut`beh ∛ Oleohpts, Dbgs, dei _omhiu`h Bethcrdtbec ^rliuot Ihvh`lpghet Gdedchghet dei Hqubpghet Ihvh`lpghet Gdedchghet Hqubpghet Ihvh`lpghet Gdedchghet _ysthgs
∛ _tdtus Ded`ysbs, Odpbtd` Bevhstghet ^`des, Holelgbo Olgpdrbsles, =-;.9 =-;.8 =-? Omdpthr 2
Beibvbiud``y ihvh`lphi Gdedchghet ∛ Hxdgp`hs dei Hjjhots
Yrdbebec dei Hiuodtble
2-4 2-; 2-? 2-9 2-8 2-: 2-3 Omdpthr 4>
Ihvh`lpghet dei oletrl` lj hqubpghet kuichts G^ Bejlrgdtble1 bts ol``hotble, stlrdch dei ush [hsu`ts dei Juturh p`des
Kdsbo Oleohpts dei ^rblrbty Ghdsurhs Ihthrgbebec Yrdbebec Kuichts Lut`beh lj trdbebec dei hiuodtble dei ghtmlis tl bgprlvh sab``s Hvd`udtble lj gdbethedeoh wlra aelw`hich dei sab``s Tud`bjbhi sphobd`bsts Hxdgp`hs lj trdbebec/hiuodtble gdthrbd`s dei hjjhots [hsu`ts dombhvhi dei juturh p`des Digbebstrdtble dei Ltmhr Beibrhot Ihpdrtghets
4>-4 4>-;
Lut`beh Dutlelglus gdbethedeoh dotbvbtbhs be digbebstrdtbvh dei ltmhr beibrhot ihpdrtghets
4>-?
Beibvbiud` bgprlvhghet (Adbzhe) dotbvbtbhs be digbebstrdtbvh dei ltmhr beibrhot ihpdrtghets _upplrt jlr ^rliuotble Ihpdrtghets Hxdgp`hs lj bgprlvhghet be digbebstrdtbvh dei ltmhr beibrhot ihpdrtghet dei tmh hjjhots [hsu`ts dei Juturh ^`des
4>-9 4>-8 4>-: Omdpthr 44
‐_djhty, _debtdtble dei Hevbrleghet Oletrl`‗
44-4 44-; 44-? 44-9 44-8 44-:
Lut`beh Lkfhotbvhs Lrcdebzdtbles dei _ysthgs jlr prlgltble Hevbrleghetd` ^rlthotble dt wlra p`dohs Dotbvbty _tdtus Hxdgp`hs lj bgprlvhghet be _djhty, _debtdtble dei Hevbrleghetd` Gdedchghet dei
44-3
Hjjhots [hsu`ts dei Juturh ^`des
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__G D__H__GHEY HEY
^dch ?>
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet
Omdpthr 4;
‐Y^G Hjjhot dei Hvd`udtble‗
4;-4
Ydecbk`h Hjjhots (@bst sphobjbo hqubpghet dei/lr tmh eugkhr lj gdombehs)
4;-? 4;-9
4;-4.4 Y^G Hjjhot jrlg lvhrd`` gdedchghet vbhwplbets 4;-4.; Y^G Hjjhot le ^rliuotble (^) 4;-4.? Y^G Hjjhot ds shhe jrlg qud`bty (T) vbhwplbets 4;-4.9 Y^G Hjjhot le Olst (O) 4;-4.8 Y^G Hjjhot le Ih`bvhry (I) 4;-4.: Y^G Hjjhot le _djhty (_) 4;-4.3 Y^G Hjjhot jrlg Glrd`h/Yrdbebec (G) vbhwplbets 4;-; Betdecbk`h Hjjhot Bssuhs lj prhshet prdotboh dei oluethr-ghdsurhs Zbsbles lj ;4st ohetury dei tmhbr bgp`bodtbles jlr Y^G
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__G D__H__GHEY HEY
^dch ?4
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet
H]DG^@H OLEYHEY_ JL[6 l
_phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet
Beihx Omdpthr 4 4
‐Lut`beh lj Rlur Olgpdey dei ^`det‗
Omdpthr ; ;
‐Y^G ^l`bobhs/Lkfhotbvhs dei Y^G Lrcdebzdtble/Gdedchghet‗
Omdpthr ? ?
‐Beelvdtbvh/Krhdatmrlucm Y^G Dotbvbty‗
Omdpthr 9 ‟ 4; 4;
Olethets ode kh tmh sdgh ds jlr ‐Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh Odthclry D‗ ‐Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh Odthclry K
H]DG^@H OLEYHEY_ JL[6 l
Divdeohi _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet Dwdri jlr Slr`i-o`dss Y^G Dombhvhghet l Beihx Omdpthr 4 4
‐Lut`beh lj Rlur Olgpdey dei ^`det‗
Omdpthr ; ;
‐Y^G ^l`bobhs/Lkfhotbvhs dei Y^G Lrcdebzdtble/Gdedchghet‗
Omdpthr ? ?
‐Orhdtbvh Y^G Dotbvbty‗
Omdpthr 9 ‟ 4; 4;
Olethets ode kh tmh sdgh ds jlr ‐Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh Odthclry D‗ ‐Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh Odthclry K
CHEH[D@ ^LBEY_ JL[ D@@ ODYHCL[BH_ LJ DOYBZBYR [H^L[Y6 4.
Yhrgbel`lcy Ihjbebtbles smlu`i kh dttdomhi tl tmh rhplrts hsphobd``y wmhe dpp`bodet ushs tmhbr lwe thrgbel`lcy wmbom dsshsslrs gbcmt elt ueihrstdei.
;.
Bj tmhrh bs upidthi Bejlrgdtble dei ehw bgprlvhghet odshs be tmh dotbvbty rhplrt jlr _holei _tdch dsshssghet, tmhsh smlu`i kh mbcm`bcmthi jlr hdsy rholcebtble.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__G D__H__GHEY HEY
^dch ?;
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet 4.?
Hxdgp`h lj Olethet Olethet 4.?.4
Omdpthr 4, ‐Lut`beh lj Rlur Olgpdey dei ^`det‗
4.?.4.4
Betrliuotble lj Hethrprbsh Crlup
Crlup
4.?.4.; ^rljb`h lj tmh Olgpdey ([hcbsthrhi Edgh lj tmh Olgpdey)
^rliuotble Ibvbsble
(@lodtble)
Olrplrdtble
([hprhshetdtbvh) Gdrahtbec Ibvbsble
(Bebtbdtble/Hstdk`bsmghet)
Olrplrdtble
(Ollphrdth Juei) Ibstrbkutble Ibvbsble Olrplrdtble
(Dgluet lj ^rlohhis) (Eugkhr lj Hgp`lyhh)
Olrplrdtble
4.?.4.?
Olgpdey Mbstlry
4.?.4.9
4]]] ∛ Bebtbdtble/ Hstdk`bsmghet lj tmh olgpdey
Olgpdey Lrcdebzdtble
Edgh lj Olgpdey
4]]] ∛ 4]]] ∛ 4]]] ∛ 4]]] ∛ 4]]] ∛ Y^G Aboa Ljj 4]]] ∛ 4]]] ∛
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__G D__H__GHEY HEY
^dch ??
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet
4.?.;
Omdpthr ;, ‐Y^G ^l`bobhs dei Lkfhotbvhs‗ 4.?.;.4
Kdoacrluei lj Y^G Bgp`hghetdtble
([hdsle jlr Y^G Bgp`hghetdtble) Hxdgp`h6 Jlr kholgbec vd`udk`h dei survbvdk`h olgpdey be tmh ;4st ohetury dei kholgbec glrh olgphtbtbvh be tmh c`lkd` gdraht, wh ehhi hjjhotbvh kusbehss tll` ds Y^G.
Hxthred` Ehhis
Bethred` Ehhis
∛
Ibvhrsbjbhi oustlghr ehhis
∛
Dgluet lj @lss
∛
Bethesbjbodtble lj c`lkd` olgphtbtble
∛
Xelrcdebzhi/uep`deehi Xelrcdebzhi/ uep`deehi lphrdtble
∛
Olrrhspleiheoh tl hevbrleghetd` glvhghet
∛
@doa lj gdedchgh g dedchghet et dkb`bty
;>]], ]]] (Idth) Y^G Aboa Ljj
4.?.;.;
Hgpmdsbzhi Ydrcht/_`lcde Ydrcht/_` lcde dei Odthclry Y^G _`lcde
D`` Olggbtghet Y^G Jlod` ^lbets
∛ ∛ ∛ ∛
^`deebec _ab``-up Olursh tmrlucmlut ihsbce prlohss Gdbetdbe bejlrgdtble systhg jlr khtthr bejlrgdtble smdrbec [hiuoh `hdi-tbgh Hto.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
Y^G Ydrcht
∛ ∛ ∛
KG Diihi Zd`uh ^rliuotble6 Bgprlvhghet Dcheid Hto.
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__G D__H__GHEY HEY
Rhdr6 ;>]]
^dch ?9
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet
;. Drrdechghets jlr tmh Dsshssghet ;.4
Yrdvh` 4.
Yrdvh` drrdechghets rhqubrhi jlr trdvh` ky dsshsslrs dei dssbstdet dsshsslrs (trdvh` tl dei jrlg bethredtbled` dbrplrts wbtmbe Fdpde) wb`` kh gdih ky FB^G.
;.
Smhe tmhrh mdpphes suiihe somhiu`h omdech lr trluk`h, p`hdsh bejlrg tl Y^G Dwdri Ljjboh prlgpt`y.
?.
Bj bt bs edtbled` ml`bidy be ylur ylur oluety le trdesplrtdtble idy, p`hdsh `ht us aelw be divdeoh. (Be edtbled` ml`bidy shourbty be dbrplrt/stdtble gbcmt kh omdechi, dei Y^G Dwdri Ljjboh wb`` th`` dsshsslrs dklut tmdt.)
EK
;.;
;.?
Bt bs rhquhsthi tmdt ylu gdah drrdechghets dei gdah pdyghet jlr trdesplrtdtble wbtmbe ylur oluetry tl dei jrlg ylur bethredtbled` dbrplrt. Drrdechghets jlr trdvh` khtwhhe mlth` wmhrh dsshsslrs stdy dei ylur p`det smlu`i kh beo`uihi.
Doolgglidtble 4.
Mlth` rhshrvdtbles dei pdyghet jlr doolgglidtble jlr dsshsslrs smd`` kh gdih ky tmh dpp`bodet.
;.
Mlth` rllgs smlu`i kh hqubpphi wbtm dpprlprbdth `bcmtbec dei d ihsa jlr rhdibec iloughets dei wrbtbec rhplrts.
?.
Sdah up od``s smlu`i kh drrdechi jlr tmh dsshsslrs
9.
D`` mlth` hxpheshs beourrhi iurbec stdy smlu`i kh kb``hi ibrhot`y tl ylur olgpdey.
8.
Ihsbcedthi o`ltmbec ehhihi tl hethr ylur p`det/jdotlry suom ds uebjlrg, mdrimdt, hto., smlu`i kh dvdb`dk`h.
^rhpdrdtble jlr tmh Zheuh 4.
Ymh shdtbec smlu`i kh drrdechi wbtm wbtm tmh `hdi dsshsslr dt tmh mhdi lj tmh tdk`h, tmh dsshsslr shdthi ehxt tl tmh `hdi dsshsslr, dei tmh dssbstdet dsshsslr shdthi ehxt tl tmh dsshsslr. Bj tmhrh drh glrh tmde ? dsshsslrs prhshet, drrdech tmh shdtbec sl tmdt tmh `hdi dsshsslr bs shdthi be tmh ohethr.
9.
Bj y ylu lu wbsm tl gdah d vbihl lr sluei rholribec, p`hdsh bejlrg tmh dsshsslrs dt tmh khcbeebec lj tmh dsshssghet.
8.
Ymh jl``lwbec bthgs smlu`i kh rhdiy jlr ush dt tmh dsshsslrs‒ tdk`h6 -Edgh p`dquhs jlr tmh dsshsslrs dei dssbstdet dsshsslrs, -D mdri olpy lj tmh ^^Y prhshetdtble, -_tdtblehry -Dey iloughets suom ds Ghhtbec [llg lr Slrap`doh Hxp`dedtlry Ghgls tmdt wb`` kh ushi ky dsshsslrs (rhjhr tl pdch ?:, Hxdgp`h 4 dei Hxdgp`h ;) -Elthpdis, gborlpmleh hto, (ds ehhihi).
;.9
:.
_tdtblehry smlu`i beo`uih ghomdebod` pheob`s, hrdshrs, kd``-plbet phes (rhi dei k`doa), gdrahrs, plst-bt elths (`drch, sgd``), hto.
3.
^rhpdrh leh gborlpmleh phr leh lr twl dsshsslrs.
^rhpdrdtble jlr tmh Dsshsslrs‒ [llg 4.
^`hdsh mdvh d rllg rhdiy tmdt dsshsslrs ode ush tl omdech o`ltmhs, rhst, dei ml`i ghhtbecs dglec dsshsslrs.
;.
@loahrs jlr dsshsslrs wb`` kh rhqubrhi.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__G D__H__GHEY HEY
^dch ?8
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet
;.8
;.:
?.
^`hdsh mdvh wlra o`ltmhs dei prlthotbvh hqubpghet jlr tmh dsshsslrs dei dssbstdet dsshsslrs rhdiy jlr ush ds rhqubrhi.
9.
^`hdsh sht dsbih dpprlxbgdth`y ?> gbeuths jrlg tmh drrbvd` tl tmh olggheohghet lj dsshssghet jlr omdecbec lj o`ltmhs dei krbhjbec. Ghgkhrs lj tmh dpp`bodet olgpdey drh dsahi tl sthp lut lj tmh rllg iurbec tmbs phrbli.
8.
^`hdsh mdvh tmh sdgh typh lj stdtblehry ghetblehi dklvh rhdiy jlr ush be tmh rllg.
^rhpdrdtble jlr Le-sbth ^rhshetdtble 4.
Le tmh Y^G dotbvbty kldri tl kh ushi jlr le-sbth prhshetdtble, p`doh eugkhrs olrrhspleibec tl tmh le-sbth prhshetdtble prlcrdg dei hxp`dedtlry ghgls.
;.
Mdvh rhohbvhrs rhdiy jlr ush ky dsshsslrs dei dssbstdet dsshsslrs ds ehhihi.
^rhpdrdtble lj Hxp`dedtlry Iloughets Hxp`dedtlry Iloughets suom ds s`bih olpbhs dei ltmhr prhshetdtble gdthrbd` jlr Y^G Dotbvbty ^rhshetdtble/Le-sbth ^rhshetdtble smlu`i kh dvdb`dk`h dt tmh Dsshsslr‒s ihsa. ihsa .
;.3
^rhpdrdtble lj Ghgl Elthpdis Yl dssbst tmh Dsshsslrs‒ elth tdabec iurbec ljjboh prhshetdtbles dei ltmhr prhshetdtbles gdih iurbec tmh p`det tlur, elthpdis smlu`i kh prhpdrhi wbtm mhdibecs tl beibodth tmh tmhgh lj tmh prhshetdtble, tmh edghs lj tmh prhshethrs dei `lodtble. (_hh pdch ?2-9> - Ghgl Elthpdis).
;.=
Bethrprhthr(s) Yl dvlbi gbsueihrstdeibecs iuh tl `decudch kdrrbhrs, bethrprhthrs jrlg ylur edtbvh `decudch dei tmdt lj tmh dsshsslrs (Fdpdehsh) smlu`i kh gdih dvdb`dk`h jrlg drrbvd` dt tmh p`det/jdotlry tl tmh olggheohghet lj dsshssghet
;.2
;.4>
Y^G Dotbvbty ^rhshetdtble be tmh Gdbe Zheuh 4.
^rhshetdtbles smlu`i kh jloushi le tmh plbet ylu wlu`i `bah tl hgpmdsbzh.
;.
Ihsorbkh bgprlvhi oleibtbles prhobsh`y be rhcdri tl tmh sukfhots tmdt mdvh khhe rhgdradk`y bgprlvhi.
?.
^rlvbih d phrbli lj glrh tmde 9> gbeuths jlr quhstbles dei deswhrs djthr d`` prhshetdtbles mdvh tdahe p`doh.
Le-_bth ^rhshetdtble be _mlp J`llr dei Ljjbohs 4.
Ihpheibec le ehohssbty, wbrh`hss gborlpmlehs dei rhohbvhrs smlu`i kh dvdb`dk`h.
;.
^lst pboturhs tdahe khjlrh bgprlvhghets.
?.
Le-_bth prhshetdtble dbgs dt hxdgbebec p`det oleibtbles. hxdgp`hs lj bgprlvhghet le hqubpghet, dei prhshetdtble lj ‐ADBVHE‗ hxdgp`hs.
9.
Ymh prhshetdtble smlu`i beo`uih de hxp`dedtble lj hdom Y^G pb``dr lj Y^G bgp`hghetdtble, suom ds Beibvbiud` Bgprlvhghet, Dutlelglus Gdbethedeoh, ^`deehi Gdbethedeoh, hto.
8.
^rhshetdtble ‐ADBVHE‗ smlu`i kh phrjlrghi dt tmhbesoheh wbtmdrhd hqubpghet dt wlra. Bj tmhljelbsh bs tll hxdgp`hs `lui, hxp`dedtbles smlu`i tdah p`doh deltmhr dei hqubpghet kh hxdgbehi `dthr.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__G D__H__GHEY HEY
^dch ?:
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet
;.44
;.4;
;.4?
:.
Bj tmh sbzh lj tmh p`det bs tll `drch lr wbih`y wbih`y sprhdi lut, dsshsslrs dei prhshethrs wb`` wb`` kh sp`bt betl sgd`` crlups, dei dsshssghet wb`` kh oleiuothi oleourrhet`y be shvhrd` `lodtbles.
3.
D``lodth helucm tbgh jlr trdesjhrrbec khtwhhe jdob`btbhs/`lodtbles.
=.
Ymh eugkhr lj hxp`dedtlry plbets smlu`i kh `hss tmde YHE YHE..
Krhda Ybgh 4.
D``lodth krhda tbghs dpprlprbdth`y.
;.
^`hdsh sht dsbih :> gbeuths jlr `ueom krhda.
Y^G Dwdris Dsshsslr Ghhtbec 4.
Dsshsslrs rhvbhw tmhbr lkshrvdtbles jl``lwbec tmh Dsshssghet.
;.
Ymh ghhtbec bs le`y dttheihi ky Dsshsslrs dei bs o`lshi tl olesu`tdets dei dpp`bodets.
?.
^`hdsh d``lodth glrh tmde tmde 98 gbeuths jlr tmbs ghhtbec beo`uibec omdecbec o`ltmhs.
Jhhikdoa _hssble Ymh dsshsslrs hxprhss bethrhsts dei oleohres dt ;> tmhgbeuths (Dssbstdet jbed` jhhikdoa shssble. Olgghets ljtmhbr hdombgprhssbles, dsshsslr usud``y rhqubrhs glrh tmde gbeuths (Dssbstdet dsshsslrs wb`` elt kh cbvbec jhhikdoa).
;.49
_omhiu`h Oletrl` Be lrihr tl dimhrh tl tmh prlvbihi somhiu`h, d tbghahhphr smlu`i kh ihsbcedthi tl gdedch tmh tbgh d``lodthi.
;.48
;.4:
Olgguebodtble 4.
D`` bequbrbhs dei tmh rhqubrhi Iloughets smlu`i kh shet tl FB^G dei gust ghht rhsphotbvh iuh idths.
;.
D`` tmh olgguebodtble rhcdribec Y^G Dwdri wb`` kh ileh khtwhhe tmh ihsbcedthi oletdot phrsle le tmh dpp`bodtble jlrg dei FB^G.
Olejbihetbd`bty D`` iloughets ylu sukgbt tl FB^G wb`` kh ihstrlyhi hxohpt leh Y^G Dotbvbty [hplrt be OI Jlrgdt jlr FB^G‒s drombvhs.
QELYHW Hsphobd``y dt tmh jbrst-stdch dsshssghet, p`hdsh hxp`dbe be ihtdb`s tmh dbg lj betrliuobec Y^G. Bt bs ehohssdry tl smlw mlw cld` shttbec dei A^B drh oleehothi.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__G D__H__GHEY HEY
^dch ?3
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet
?. Hxdgp`h lj Zheuh Drrdechghet Dsshssghet Zheuh jlr [llg ^rhshetdtble
_orhhe
^rhshethr Bethrprhthr GO
^rlfhotlr ^rlfhotlr
_tdjj ghgkhrs jrlg rh`hvdet ibvbsbles
LM^
Ybgh ahhphr
^rliuot sdgp`hs s h v b t u o h x H
Elth ds Gr. _tdtblehry Gborlpmleh
↞
r l s s h s s D t e d t s b s s D
_horhtdry /gbeuths tdahr
r l s s h s s d i d h @
↛
r l s s h s s D
[hprhshetdtbvh
Illrwdy
Dsshssghet O`lsbec _hssble r l s s h s s D t s b s s D
r l s s h s s d i d h @
r l s s h s s D
Bethrprhthr
GO
Gborlpmleh jlr [hprhshetdtbvh Hxhoutbvhs (^`doh edgh p`dquhs wbtm edgh dei plsbtble)
Ibvbsble ghgkhrs (Mdvh gborlpmlehs mdeiy jlr rhspleibec tl quhstbles.) Illrwdy Elth6 ^`hdsh p`doh tdk`ho`ltms rhdombec tmh j`llr le tmh tdk`hs s phobjbhi wbtm smdibec sl tmdt jhht wb`` elt kh vbsbk`h.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__G D__H__GHEY HEY
^dch ?=
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet
9. Hxdgp`h lj Ghgl Elthpdis - 4
Olgpdey Edgh dei @lcl
Ghgl Elthpdis ‟ Ljjboh Ghhtbec [llg ^rhshetdtble
QIdthW
Ymhgh QYmhgh Ybt`hW
^rhshethr
QEdghW
QYbghW QGhglW
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__G D__H__GHEY HEY
^dch ?2
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet
9. Hxdgp`h lj Ghgl Elthpdis ‟;
Olgpdey Edgh dei @lcl
^rhshetdtble El.
Ghgl Elthpdis ‟ Slrap`doh ^rhshetdtble Ymhgh
QYbghW
QIdthW
QYmhgh Ybt`h dei Dsslobdthi Y^G ^b``drW ^rhshethr
QEdgh dei _hotbleW
Q^rhshetdtble @lodtbleW
QGhglW
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__G D__H__GHEY HEY
^dch 9>
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet
8. Hxdgp`h lj Dsshssghet Dchei Dcheid d Ybgh >26>> >269>
Ihsorbptble Ihsorbptb le
[hsplesbk`h [hsplesbk` h ^hrsle
[llg ^rhshetdtble
Edghs
@lodtble Dsshssghet Zheuh
∛ Olethets ∛ ∛ ∛ >269> 4>6>>
Tuhstble dei Deswhr
4>6>> 4>64>
Krhda
4>64> 4469>
[llg prhshetdtble
Edghs Dsshsslrs‒ [llg
Edghs
Dsshssghet Zheuh
∛ Olethet ∛ ∛ 4469>4;6>>
Tuhstble dei Deswhr
4;6>> 4?6>>
@ueom Krhda
Zheuh edgh
[llg prhshetdtble
Dsshssghet Zheuh
4?64> 4869>
Edghs Lesbth ^rhshetdtble
Le-sbth
∛ Olethet ∛ ∛ 4868> 4:69>
Krhda dei Dsshsslrs Dsshsslrs‒‒ Ghhtbec
4:69> 436>>
O`lsbec _hssble
EK
Dsshsslrs‒ [llg
Edghs
Dsshssghet Zheuh
Le-sbth prhshetdtbles drh betheihi tl prlvbih d prdotbod` b``ustrdtble lj dotbvbtbhs. hesurh66 Gdedcbec dvdb`dk`h tbgh bs vhry bgplrtdet tl hesurh l l l
Ymh ih`bvhry lj tmh prhshetdtble / ihglestrdtble De d``lwdeoh jlr Tuhstbles & Deswhrs wbtm tmh Dsshsslrs Yrdvh` tbgh tl tmh ehxt plbet lj prhshetdtble
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__G D__H__GHEY HEY
^dch 94
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet
*^`hdsh kh odrhju` elt tl dii tll guom Odsh _tuiy be le-sbth prhshetdtble.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__G D__H__GHEY HEY
^dch 9;
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet :. Hxdgp`h lj Dsshssghet Cubih-4 * ljjbobd` ush le`y [hjhrheoh El.
Oluetry
Dsshsslrs
Olgpdey Edgh
^rlj.
^`det Edgh
Ir.
Dsshssghet Idth
Gr. Edgh Ljjboh Yh` Ljjboh Jdx
Oletdot phrsle
Idth
_omhiu`h Shi
Glkb`h El. Edgh
^boa up dt (xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx)
Glkb`h El.
49tm
Edgh
Bethrprhthr
Ybgh
^boa up
Glkb`h El.
Ihtdb`s Dbrplrt dt cdth El.]]
^boa up/Olgpdeble Gr. ]] wbtm sbce kldri
Fueh ;>;>
48tm Fueh ;>;>
Doolgglidtble Mlth` Edgh6 Diirhss6
Ymu
^boa up
]]6]]
Ghht dt (xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx).
Yrdesplrtdtble
]]6]]
]]6]]
Glvh tl tmh ^`det.
Dsshssghet
]]6]]
]]6]]
(^`det Edgh)
Yrdesplrtdtble
]]6]]
]]6]]
Glvh tl tmh Mlth`
Yh`6 Jdx6 Be6 / Lut6
ELYH６Dsshsslrs wlu`i prhjhr tl mdvh ibeehr wbtm tmh bethrprhthr lr fust ky tmhgsh`vhs . ^`hdsh `ht us iho`beh ylur p`de tl mdvh ibeehr wbtm dsshsslrs khjlrh tmh dsshssghet.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__GHEY
^dch 9?
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet
:. Hxdgp`h lj Dsshssghet Cubih-;
^lsbtble dei Ibstdeoh
Yrdvh` tbgh6 \\\gbe Yrdesplrtdtble6 ky \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\ Dbrplrt
Yrdvh` tbgh6
^`det
Yrdvh` tbgh6
gbe.
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;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__GHEY
^dch 99
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet 3. Hxdgp`h lj Ghhtbec Gbeuths -^`hdsh sukgbt be ^IJ jb`h. -Jlet sbzh smlu`i kh kbc helucm tl rhdi wmhe prbetbec bt lut
Hxdgp`h (Olvhr ^dch) Jbrst _tdch/_holei _tdch Dsshssghet Ghhtbec Gbeuths (Edgh lj Rlur Olgpdey dei ^`det) (Edgh lj Dwdri Odthclry) (Idth lj Dsshssghet)
Dttheihhs6 (Edghs lj Dttheihh)
Hxdgp`h Olethets (pdchs djthr tmh olvhr) Edgh lj Dsshsslr
Dsshssghet Odthclry e l b t d t e h s h r ^ e l b t h t b t d _ - e e h s L h r ^
t e h g g l O
Tuhstble
[hsplesh
Edgh lj [hspleihet
Dutlelglus Gdbethedeoh
Beibvbiud` Bgprlvhghet (odshs) (odshs) (odshs)
(edgh lj dsshsslr)
(edgh lj dsshsslr)
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__GHEY
^dch 98
8. ^rhpdrbec jlr tmh Dsshssghet =. Hxdgp`h6 Adbzhe / Bgprlvhghet [hplrt -^`hdsh sukgbt be ^IJ jb`h. -Jlet sbzh smlu`i kh kbc helucm tl rhdi wmhe prbetbec bt lut Olgpdey Edgh6 ^`det6 Y^G 4st _tdch Dsshssghet Idth6 Y^G ;ei _tdch Dsshssghet Idth6 ADBVHE BG^[LZHGHEY ^@DE
[HJ 4
ADBVHE BYHG
DOYBZBYR ^@DE
[hdom _thp 9 be d`` ”D‒ O`dss gdombehs
Ehw ^`de dcrhhi wbtm d`` thdg ghgkhrs dei gdombeh-kygdombeh gdsthr somhiu`h prhpdrhi
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Oletbeuh ds rhqubrhi…….
[hplrt prhpdrhi ky6 Edgh6 ………………………………………………. _bcehi6 ………………………………………………
;>;>6 _HOYBLE 8
^[H^D[BEC ^[H^D [BEC JL[ YMH D__H__GHEY
^dch 9:
:. [hjhrhe [hjhrheoh oh Iloughet Iloughets s
D B [ H Y B [ O Y E H G _ _ H _ _ D
Dwdri jlr Slr`i-o`dss Slr`i-o`d ss Y^G Dombhvhghet
Omhoa `bst _
Divdeohi _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet
Omhoa `bst D
_phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet Dombhvhghet
Omhoa `bst K
Dwdri jlr Hxoh``heoh be Olesbsthet Y^G Olggbtghet
Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh ‟ Odthclry D
Omhoa `bst O
Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh ‟ Odthclry K
;>;>6 _HOYBLE :
[HJH[HEOH ILOXGHEY_
^dch 93
:. [hjhrhe [hjhrheoh oh Iloughet Iloughets s Dsshssghet Orbthrbd Jlr d`` Odthclrbhs lj Y^G Dwdri
Dsshssghet Orbthrbd
Hxp`dedtbles
Kdsbo oleibtbles ds kusbehss
Ymh kdsbo oleibtbles drh tl ju`jb` tmh slobd` slob d` rhsplesbkb`bty tl kh hxhrobshi ky de hethrprbsh,
gdedchr Jlrgu`dtble lj pl`boy dei tdrcht
dei dombhvh `dklur dei hqubpghet sdjhty. D tdrcht oletrbkutbec tl gdedchghet gdedchghet bs hstdk`bsmhi be `beh wbtm tmh oleohpts tmdt Y^G pl`boy bs olesbsthet wbtm tmh t mh kdsbo olrplrdth pl`boy, Y^G bs o`hdr`y plsbtblehi be tmh strdthcy ds de hethrprbsh lr wlrabec sbth, dei ‐Y^G bs d flk.‗
e l b t d t e h g h ` p g b r l j s h t b s b u q h r h r ^
Jlrgu`dtble lj gdsthr p`de
Ymh gdsthr p`de smlwbec tmh kdsbo prlgltble p`de lj Y^G be omrlel`lcbod` lrih lrihrr bs orhdthi be lrihr tl ju`jb` tmh bebtbd` purplsh, dei bs ushi ds d orbthrble jlr d`` dotbvbtbhs dei ds d jueidghetd` wmhe gdabec d p`de tl prlglth hdom pb``dr dt tmh wlrabec sbth. sbt h.
Hstdk`bsmghet lj prlgltble systhg ky tlp gdedchghet
Ymh ombhj hxhoutbvh jlr Y^G prlgltble bs tmh kusbehss gdedchr wml hxhrobshs `hdihrsmbp kdshi le mbs/mhr lwe bethetbles. Ymh lrcdebzdtble jlr Y^G prlgltble kdshi le tmh prhgbsh dklvh bs hstdk`bsmhi dei jueotbles.
Gdedchr dei thomebod` stdjj-`hi typh jlrgdtble lj lvhr`dppbec sgd`` crlups
D gdedchr dei thomebod` stdjj-`hi typh lj wlrabec wlrabec lrcdebzdtble olesbstbec lj lvhr`dppbec sgd`` crlups bs jlrghi be hstdk`bsmbec tmh prlgltble systhg. Ymh rl`h dei rhsplesbkb`bty lj hdom `hvh` lj lvhr`dppbec sgd``-crlup lrcdebzdtbles drh o`drbjbhi.
Orhdtble lj lpplrtuebty jlr d`` ghgkhrs tl pdrtbobpdth
D`` ghgkhrs pdrtbobpdth be Y^G dotbvbtbhs dorlss d`` ihpdrtghets dei `hvh`s, be lrihr tl o`drbjy tmh prhsheoh dei doolgp`bsmghet lj hdom ghgkhr tmrlucm pdrtbobpdtble ky hdom ghgkhr be tmh dotbvbtbhs kdshi le tmh bihd tmdt ‐Y^G bs d flk.‗
Betrliuotble lj sthp-ky-sthp bgp`hghetdtble systhg
Ymh sthdiy prlcrhss gdedchghet lj dotbvbtbhs bs odrrbhi lut tmrlucm sthp-ky-sthp bgp`hghetdtble wmbom o`hdr`y smlws wmdt tl il dt tmh prhshet stdch, wmdt tl il dt tmh ehxt stdch dei tmh jbed` pboturh, be lrihr tl ihjbebth`y bgp`hghet wmdt tl il dei o`drbjy tmh cubideoh plbets be tmh prlohss lj dotbvbtbhs.
Bgp`hghetdtble lj sthp-kysthp hxdgbedtble
Dpprlprbdth olesu`tdtble bs odrrbhi lut be tmh systhg wmhrh wmhrh d crlup be d plsbtble lj `hdihrsmbp hvd`udths tmh dpprlprbdthehss lj clbec le tl tmh ehxt sthp wmhe bgp`hghetbec dotbvbtbhs tmrlucm sthp-ky-sthp bgp`hghetdtble, dei wmhrh tlp gdedchghet dt tmh wlrabec sbth d`sl hvd`udths bt.
Hesurbec lj tlp gdedchghet ibdcelsbs jueotble
Ymh kusbehss gdedchr olejbrgs dt d ohrtdbe tbgh tmh stdtus lj doolgp`bsmghet doolgp`bs mghet ds stdthi be tmh Y^G pl`boy dei bgp`hghethi ds p`deehi ky tmh gdedchr tl prliuoh rhsu`ts, dei d`sl olejbrgs tmh ehhi tl omdech tmh juturh pl`boy, p`de, systhg, sys thg, hto.
Hstdk`bsmghet lj pb``drs lj Y^G bgp`hghetdtble
Kdsbo pb``drs tlwdri dotbvbtbhs drh hstdk`bsmhi jrlg tmh vbhwplbets lj d iluk`h-wmhh` systhg oleohrebec hqubpghet gdedchghet ky d jbh`i lphrdtlr dei sphobd`bzhi gdbethedeoh sl ds tl dvlbi prlk`hgs be prliuotble hqubpghet, prhvhet tmh loourrheoh lj prlk`hgs ky upstrhdg oletrl`, dei ihvh`lp mugde rhslurohs. Kdshi le tmh dklvh, pb``drs jlr dotbvbtbhs doolribec tl tmh ehhis ds d wlrabec sbth drh o`drbjbhi.
O`drbjbodtble lj `lss
Y^G dbgs tl oletrbkuth tl kusbehss ky tmlrlucm`y h`bgbedtbec ‐`lsshs‗ beo`uibec omrlebo `lss. Ymhrhjlrh, tmh hxbstheoh dei ihjbebtbles lj `lss dei struoturh drh o`drbjbhi, dei tmh `hvh` lj oletrbkutble tl kusbehss ky h`bgbedtbec suom `lsshs bs o`drbjbhi.
Xtb`bzdtble lj ghtmlis dei thomebquhs tl sl`vh prlk`hgs/bssuhs
Be lrihr tl prliuoh rhsu`ts tlwdri sl`vbec prlk`hgs beo`uibec omrlebo `lss, suom dpprldomhs ds dpp`bodk`h ded`yshs dei bgprlvhghet, dei tmhbr ghtmlil`lcbhs drh o`drbjbhi dei dotbvbtbhs `lcbod``y bgp`hghethi.
Xtb`bzdtble lj tll`s jlr obro`h dotbvdtble
‐Y^G dotbvbtbhs kldri,‗ ‐leh-plbet `hssles‗ dei ‐obro`h ghhtbecs‗ drh utb`bzhi ds hjjhotbvh tll`s jlr obro`h dotbvdtble.
Hstdk`bsmghet lj systhg jlr ihvh`lpbec mugde rhslurohs
D systhg jlr trdbebec bs hstdk`bsmhi be lrihr tl shourh phrsleeh` phrsleeh` mdvbec odpdkb`btbhs olrrhspleibec tl tmh wlra, dei hiuodtble dei trdbebec kdshi le tmdt systhg drh odrrbhi lut. _phobd` prlcrdgs drh systhgdtbzhi sys thgdtbzhi dei bgp`hghethi jlr wlrahrs ibrhot`y hecdchi be hqubpghet gdedchghet, be lrihr tl shourh prljhssbled` hecbehhr odpdkb`btbhs dei ihvh`lp mugde rhslurohs mdvbec ehw odpdkb`btbhs.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE :
[HJH[HEOH ILOXGHEY_
^dch 9=
:. [hjhrhe [hjhrheoh oh Iloughet Iloughets s Omhoa`bst O ‟ ^dch 4 lj ; Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh - Odthclry K Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh - Odthclry D Dwdri jlr Hxoh``heoh be Olesbsthet Y^G Olggbtghet Odthclrbhs 4
Y^G ^l`bobhs dei Lkfhotbvhs
Omhoa ^lbets Y^G pl`bobhs drh p`deehi be rh`dtble khtwhhe olgpdey pl`bobhs dei p`det/jdotlry pl`boy. Ymh rh`dtble khtwhhe Y^G tdrcht vd`uhs dei gdedchghet tdrcht rhsu`ts drh o`hdr. Ymh gdsthr p`de bs be de dpprlprbdth lrihr ds de dotble p`de tl dombhvh Y^G. Y^G pl`bobhs dei lkfhotbvhs drh omhoahi usbec ghtmlis suom ds kheomgdrabec tmdt d`` shotbles lj ^TOI_GH drh ibsp`dyhi olrrhspleibec tl = pb``drs. Y^G pl`bobhs dei lkfhotbvhs mdvh khhe sht jlrtm dei lkshrvhi ky d`` tmh ihpdrtghets dei shotbles. Ymh dombhvhghet stdtus lj Y^G pl`bobhs dei lkfhotbvhs bs dvdb`dk`h be d tbgh `beh usbec lkfhotbvh idtd. Lvhr`dppbec sgd`` crlups, tmh Y^G prlgltble olggbtthh, dei ltmhr sphobd` olggbtthhs drh lrcdebzhi be d wdy tmdt `hdis tl Y^G dotbvbtbhs. Y^G prlgltble uebts mh`p jdob`btdth Y^G dotbvbtbhs wbtmbe ihpdrtghets/shotbles. _gd`` crlups le tmh jrlet `beh mdvh khhe vbtd`bzhi. Ymh dombhvhghet stdtus lj Y^G lkfhotbvhs bs olejbrghi dei ehohssdry dotbles drh tdahe jlr uedombhvhi beihxhs.
;
Beibvbiud` Bgprlvhghet
Beibvbiud` bgprlvhghet bssuhs dei tmhghs drh sht up be rh`dtble tl Y^G pl`bobhs dei lkfhotbvhs. Lkfhotbvhs drh sht jlrtm jlr hdom sukfhot lj beibvbiud` bgprlvhghet, dei oletrbkutbles drh khbec gdih o`hdr ky phrjlrgdeoh beihxhs. Yhrgs dei ihjbebtbles drh khbec gdih o`hdr le prliuotble ihpdrtghet `lsshs dei tmhbr h`bgbedtble bs khbec ihd`t wbtm. D systhg bs sht up tl ded`yzh dei ueihrstdei tmh rh`dtblesmbp khtwhhe `lss dei olst usbec tmh `lss gdp dei `lss trhh ghtmlis. Bgprlvhghet dotbvbtbhs drh khbec dotbvh`y odrrbhi lut, dei oletrbkutble tl tmh dombhvhghet beihx bs o`hdr`y ueihrstlli. D systhg tl prhvhet rhourrheoh lj prlk`hgs suom ds ihjhots, krhdailwe, dei smlrt ghomdebod` std``bec bs stdeidribzhi. D systhg tl dpp`y odshs lj beibvbiud` bgprlvhghet mlrbzletd``y bs hstdk`bsmhi. Ymhrh drh gdey odshs lj zhrl loourrheohs lj ihjhots, krhdailwe, dei smlrt ghomdebod` std``bec. Gdey ehohssdry bgprlvhghet ghdsurhs, suom ds tmh TO ghtmli, Edzhedzh ded`ysbs, dei ^G ded`ysbs, drh ushi hjjhotbvh`y dei tmh oustlg lj tmbeabec wbtm rdtbled`hs dei prbeobp`hs bs khbec hstdk`bsmhi. Ymh rhsu`ts lj bgprlvhghet drh khbec deelueohi qud`btdtbvh`y dei be thrgs lj ^TOI_GH, dei juturh bssuhs dei cld`s drh o`hdr`y sht.
?
Dutlelglus Gdbethedeoh
Dutlelglus gdbethedeoh dombhvhghet cld`s drh sht up usbec d sthp-ky-sthp ghtmli. Dombhvhghet cld`s drh dpprlprbdth`y dsshsshi dt hdom sthp ky gdedchrs jlr prlcrhss dei olgp`htble. Slrap`doh/le-sbth vbsud` kldris, wmbom smlw tmh stdtus lj dotbvbtbhs, cld`s, doolgp`bsmghets, dei bssuhs tl kh rhsl`vhi, drh be p`doh. Dotbles drh khbec tdahe tl rhglvh ibrt, stdbes, sodtthrhi rdw gdthrbd`s, lb` `hdadch, hto. dei tl h`bgbedth tmhbr odush. O`hdebec, `ukrbodtble, kl`t tbcmthebec, dei besphotbles drh phrjlrghi phrjhot`y dei wbtmlut jdb`, dei tmlrlucm ghdsurhs drh tdahe jlr ibjjbou`t-tl-mdei`h drhds. Hxoh``het stlrdch prlohiurhs drh be hjjhot jlr tll`s dei fbcs, dei o`hdebec bs odrrbhi lut rlutbeh`y. Bgprlvhghet prlplsd`s drh gdih dei bgp`hghethi. D systhg tl upcrdih tmh sab``s lj d`` hgp`lyhhs bs hstdk`bsmhi wbtm d sab`` hvd`udtble omdrt, leh-plbet `hssles, dei gdbethedeoh sab`` trdbebec, dei bs smlwbec rhsu`ts. Leh-plbet `hssles drh dvdb`dk`h ds trdbebec thxts dei drh khbec ushi. Hgp`lyhh glrd`h survhys dei sab`` gdps drh ushi tl olejbrg tmdt d`` hgp`lyhhs drh wlrabec le wlrap`doh bgprlvhghet wbtm d shesh lj doolgp`bsmghet.
9
^`deehi Gdbethedeoh
Cld`s jlr dutlelglus gdbethedeoh drh sht up be `beh wbtm Y^G pl`bobhs. Iutbhs jlr dutlelglus gdbethedeoh dei p`deehi gdbethedeoh drh o`hdr`y ihjbehi dei d gutud` ollphrdtbvh struoturh bs hstdk`bsmhi. Dpprlprbdth hqubpghet ibdcelsbs thomel`lcbhs drh khb ec put tl ush jlr prhibotbvh gdbethedeoh dei ihthrblrdtble omhoas, dei YKG (tbgh-kdshi gdbethedeoh) dei OKG (oleibtble-kdshi gdbethedeoh) drh sh`hotbvh`y ushi. Gdbethedeoh stdeidris drh be lrihr dei de dpprlprbdth gdbethedeoh od`heidr bs orhdthi. _uiihe krhdailwe mds sbcebjbodet`y ihorhdshi wbtm tmlrlucm jdb`urh ded`ysbs dei hemdeohi bgprlvhghet gdbethedeoh1 d systhg bs sht up jlr G^ ihsbce bejlrgdtble tl doougu`dth dei utb`bzh tmh idtd. D systhg bs sht up dei bs khbec upcrdihi jlr prljhssbled` gdbethedeoh sab``s suom ds rhpdbr sab``s, besphotble sab``s, `ukrbodtble oletrl` sab``s, dei jdb`urh ded`ysbs sab``s, jlr wmbom d sujjbobhet thomebod` `hvh` mds khhe rhdomhi. _pdrh pdrts, gl`is fbcs, jbxturhs, ghdsurbec hqubpghet, irdwbecs, hto. drh d`` stlrhi ds idtd. Gdbethedeoh bejlrgdtble le tmh stdtus lj hqubpghet ihthrblrdtble, jdb`urh, hqubpghet smutilwe, gdbethedeoh gde-mlurs, hto. bs stlrhi dei utb`bzhi. Gdbethedeoh thomel`lcy trdbebec bs prlvbihi, dei gdbethedeoh ghe drh lktdbebec ohrtbjbodtble ds hqubpghet gdbethedeoh hecbehhrs. Gdbethedeoh olsts drh khbec dihqudth`y kuichthi dei oletrl``hi, dei tmh gdbethedeoh olst rdtbl bs glebtlrhi.
8
Tud`bty Gdbethedeoh
Cld`s jlr qud`bty gdbethedeoh drh sht up be `beh wbtm Y^G pl`bobhs. Idtd drh khbec doougu`dthi jlr ihjhot lutj`lw dei ihjhot prlohss, odushs drh khbec ded`yzhi, dei bgprlvhghet cld`s drh khbec sht up. D systhg bs struoturhi tl sht up rhqubrhghets jlr hqubpghet tmdt wb`` elt ture lut ihjhots, dei gdbethedeoh gdbethedeoh oletrl` bs phrjlrghi dpprlprbd th`y. Jlr qud`bty ihjhots, ghdsurhs drh tdahe tl prhvhet rhourrheoh jrlg tmh dsphot lj 9G. Zdrblus ded`ytbod` ghtmlis suom ds ^drhtl ded`ysbs, TG gdtrbx, dei ^G ded`ysbs drh hjjhotbvh`y ushi dt tmh dpprlprbdth stdchs. Kdshi le jueidghetd`s dei prbeobp`hs, qud`bty ihjhots drh khbec ded`yzhi jlr odush. Ghdsurhs dbgbec jlr zhrl loourrheohs lj qud`bty ihjhots drh smlwbec rhsu`ts. D ghdsurh bs sht up tl hjjhotbvh`y dei tmlrlucm`y dpp`bhs tmh krdahs le ihjhot rhourrheoh. D systhg bs hstdk`bsmhi tl sht up d qud`bty gdbethedeoh systhg wbtm jbcurh = ihp`lyghet. Be lrihr tl rhiuoh tmh ihjhot rdth odushi ky hqubpghet, ehohssdry trdbebec dei rhshdrom drh glvbec jlrwdri.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE :
[HJH[HEOH ILOXGHEY_
^dch 92
:. [hjhrhe [hjhrheoh oh Iloughet Iloughets s Omhoa`bst O ‟ ^dch ; lj ;
Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh - Odthclry K Dwdri jlr Y^G Hxoh``heoh - Odthclry D Dwdri jlr Hxoh``heoh be Olesbsthet Y^G Olggbtghet
Odthclrbhs :
^rliuot dei Hqubpghet Ihvh`lpghet dei Oletrl`
Omhoa ^lbets Cld`s jlr ihvh`lpghet dei oletrl` lj p`dets dei prliuots drh sht up be `beh wbtm Y^G pl`bobhs. Bthgs lj ihvh`lpghet dei oletrl` lj p`dets dei prliuots dei tmhbr stdeidris drh o`hdr dei tmh prlcrhss bs glebtlrhi. Be prliuot dei p`det ihvh`lpghet gdedchghet, d systhg tmdt hxtrdots tmh lrbcbe lj prlk`hgs be ihsbce rhvbhw dei ihkuccbec bs ju``y jueotblebec. Ymh struoturh chehrdtbec `lss jlr prliuot ihvh`lpghet gdedchghet bs o`hdr dei bgprlvhghet ghdsurhs drh put be p`doh. Ymh G^ ihsbce dpprldom dei tmh bgp`hghetdtble lj hqubpghet, gl`is, fbcs, dei jbxturhs drh kltm systhgbzhi. De bejlrgdtble jhhikdoa systhg jlr G^ ihsbce bs be p`doh. Holelgbo olgpdrbsle dei rbsa ded`ysbs lj p`det bevhstghet p`des drh odrrbhi lut dpprlprbdth`y jlr tmh odsm j`lw kdsh. D ihsbce ghtmli kdshi le dsshssghet stdeidris jlr hdsh lj prliuotble bs betrliuohi. Bebtbd` pmdsh oletrl` bs khbec hxhrobshi le ehw prliuots dei hqubpghet, dei tmhrh bs d plsbtbvh odsh. Ymhrh bs d odsh be wmbom ihvh`lpghet lj ehw thomel`lcy dei prlohssbec mds `hi tl tmh ihvh`lpghet lj ehw prliuots dei hqubpghets.
3
Yrdbebec dei Ihvh`lpghet
Cld`s jlr trdbebec prlcrdgs drh qud`btdtbvh`y sht up. Bgplrtdet tmhghs jlr tmh trdbebec prlcrdgs drh bethr`beahi wbtm tmh juturh p`des lj tmh olgpdey. D systhgdtbo trdbebec prlcrdg jlr hdom flk dei rdea bs hstdk`bsmhi wbtm hgp`lyhhs mdvbec d ju`` ueihrstdeibec lj tmh rhqubrhi aelw`hich dei sab``s jlr hdom flk dei rdea. D trdbebec ourrbou`ug dei `hoturhrs drh dvdb`dk`h kdshi le tmh trdbebec systhg, dei dpprlprbdth trdbebec bs prl vbihi. Hjjhotbvh trdbebec prlcrdgs drh sht up jlr gdedchrs, stdjj ghgkhrs, lphrdtlrs, dei gdbethedeoh wlrahrs. D p`doh jlr gdbethedeoh sab`` trdbebec bs prlvbihi dei utb`bzhi jlr prljhssbled` gdbethedeoh trdbebec dei lphr dtlr trdbebec, gdabec bt plssbk`h tl odrry le tmh sab``s. LFY trdbebec prlcrdgs drh ju``y jueotblebec `hdibec tl tmh upcrdibec lj sab``s jlr d`` stdjj ghgkhrs dei prlcrhss be gu`tb-sab``hi wlrahr trdbebec. _tdjj ghgkhrs drh dotbvh`y wlrabec tl lktdbe ohrtbjbodtble ds dutlelglus gdbethedeoh hecbehhrs dei hqubpghet gdbethedeoh hecbehhrs. Hgp`lyhh sdtbsjdotble dei tmh stdtus lj gltbvdtble drh qudetbtdtbvh`y ded`yzhi dei ghdsurhs drh be p`doh jlr tmhbr hemdeohghet. [hsu`ts jrlg tmh mugde rhslurohs prlcrdg drh khbec jhi kdoa tl Y^G dotbvbty, dei dombhvhghet bs ueihrstlli.
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Digbebstrdtbvh dei _uphrvbslry Ihpdrtghets
Cld`s jlr digbebstrdtbvh dei suphrvbslry ihpdrtghets drh sht up be `beh wbtm Y^G pl`bobhs. Ky supplrtbec tmh hjjbodoy lj prliuotble dotbvbty dei bgprlvhghet lj supp`bhr dotbvbty, tmh prliuot bevhetlry dei cllis be prlohss mdvh khhe rhiuohi. @lsshs ky tmh digbebstrdtbvh dei suphrvbslry ihpdrtghets drh doourdth`y ghdsurhi. _bcebjbodet rhiuotble be gde-mlurs mds `hi tl d rhiuotble be lvhrtbgh dei wlra le ml`bidys, wmbom mds rhiuohi jbxhi digbebstrdtbvh olsts. D gu`tb-ibsobp`bedry dei gu`tb-sab`` dpprldom mds glvhi jlrwdri, dei gde-mlurs jlr ibjjhrhet ihpdrtghets drh kholgbec hqud`. Glrd`h bs khbec hemdeohi be tmh digbebstrdtbvh dei suphrvbslry ihpdrtghets. Ymh ljjboh supp`y bevhetlry bs ahpt dt d gbebgug dei tmh ljjboh hevbrleghet bs bgprlvhi. De bejlrgdtble systhg bs khbec struoturhi dei d systhg bs sht up jlr quboa dei doourdth bejlrgdtble trdesgbssble. Hdom ihpdrtghet bs ihd`bec wbtm rhiuobec olsts beourrhi jrlg lphrdtbles dei lvhrd`` olst rhiuotble bs bgprlvbec. D systhg tl odrry lvhr tmh sab``s rhqubrhi jlr sustdbedk`h lphrdtble gdbethedeoh bs be p`doh.
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_djhty, _debtdtble dei Hevbrleghetd` Oletrl`
_djhty, sdebtdtble, dei hevbrleghet oletrl` pl`bobhs drh wh`` ihjbehi, bgprlvhghet tdrchts drh sht jlr rhiuotble be wdsth dei hgbssbles, hto. ^dst odshs lj `dklur doobihets dei p`det ibsdsthrs mdvh khhe sobhetbjbod``y ded`yzhi, dei dotble mds khhe tdahe tl prhvhet rhourrheoh. Ymh Beiustrbd` _djhty dei Mhd`tm @dw bs khbec olgp`bhi wbtm dei tmh wlra hevbrleghet (elbsh, vbkrdtble, iust, `bcmt, hto.) ghhts tmh `hcd` stdeidris. D rbsa ded`ysbs mdzdri gdp lj tmh hetbrh p`det mds khhe orhdthi, dei tmh sdjhty besphotble gdeud` bs be lrihr dei bs khbec duibthi. _djhty dwdrhehss bgprlvhghet dotbvbtbhs tdah p`doh rhcu`dr`y wbtm ehdr doobihet, AR dei ltmhr ghdsurhs. De hghrcheoy gdeud` bs be p`doh, prlthotbvh hqubpghet dei `bjhsdvbec hqubpghet drh rhdiy tl ush, dei hghrcheoy irb``s drh khbe c hxhouthi. _djhty ihvbohs suom ds sdjhty olvhrs, sdjhty ehts, sdjhty sbcedch, dei jll`prllj ibsdsthr prhvhetble ghdsurhs drh dpprlprbdth`y prhpdrhi. _djhty dsshssghet bs hejlrohi khjlrh betrliuobec ehw hqubpghet dei/lr prlohss. [hsu`ts jrlg bgprlvhghet dotbvbtbhs mdvh `hi tl hehrcy dei rhsluroh oleshrvdtble. Hevbrleghetd` ghdsurhs suom ds rbsa gdedchghet dei wdsth gdedchghet drh khbec olesbihrhi, glvbec jlrwdri tdrchtbec zhrl hgbssbles dei rhiuohi hevbrleghetd` `ldi.
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Hjjhots dei Hvd`udtble lj Y^G
Ymh `hvh` lj dombhvhghet jlr tmh Y^G cld` bs khbec dsshsshi, dei odush ded`ysbs bs khbec odrrbhi lut jlr bts dombhvhghet lr ele-dombhvhghet. Lkfhotbvhs drh khbec ght be thrgs lj lvhrd`` hqubpghet hjjhotbvhehss, splrdibo krhdailwes, gbelr stlppdchs, dei ihjhotbvh prliuot beihxhs. ^rlgbehet rhsu`ts mdvh khhe lktdbehi be rhiuobec prlohss ihjhots dei oustlghr olgp`dbets. Ymh prliuot bevhetlry dei wlras be prlohss mdvh khhe irdstbod``y rhiuohi be olgpdrbsle tl khjlrh Y^G betrliuotble. D rholri lj zhrl doobihets dei zhrl pl``utble bs oletbeubec. ^rliuot olst bs rhiuohi, dei odsm j`lw bs bgprlvhi. Dombhvhghet bs shhe tmdt oletrbkuths tl tmh lphrdtble prljbt bgprlvhghet. Y^G olst/khehjbt ded`ysbs bs be lrihr. Mbcm wlrahr glrd`h dei d stbgu`dtbec wlrabec hevbrleghet drh be p`doh ds de betdecbk`h khehjbt lj Y^G dotbvbtbhs. ^rlk`hgs tmdt rhgdbe uesl`vhi be oleehotble wbtm Y^G dotbvbtbhs drh khbec o`hdr`y rholcebzhi dei oleorhth dotble p`des drh khbec hevbsblehi.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE :
[HJH[HEOH ILOXGHEY_
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:. [hjhrhe [hjhrheoh oh Iloughet Iloughets s Omhoa`bst K ‟ ^dch 4 lj ; _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet
Odthclrbhs 4
Y^G ^l`bobhs dei Lkfhotbvhs
Omhoa ^lbets Ds prhgbshs jlr tmh ju`jb``ghet lj olrplrdth slobd` rhsplesbkb`bty (O_[), tmh olrplrdth vbsble bs o`hdr`y ihjbehi jlr kusbehss crlwtm be tmh ;4st ohetury. Y^G pl`bobhs drh p`deehi be rh`dtble khtwhhe olgpdey pl`bobhs dei p`det/jdotlry pl`boy. Y^G pl`bobhs dei lkfhotbvhs drh omhoahi usbec ghtmlis suom ds kheomgdrabec tmdt d`` shotbles lj ^TOI_GH drh ibsp`dyhi olrrhspleibec tl = pb``drs. D Y^G tdrcht vd`uh bs hstdk`bsmhi be `beh wbtm gdedchghet rhsu`ts, dei d systhg bs sht up tl qudetbtdtbvh`y hvd`udth tmh prlcrhss lj dotbvbtbhs. Ymh dombhvhghet stdtus lj Y^G pl`bobhs dei lkfhotbvhs bs dvdb`dk`h be d tbgh `beh usbec lkfhotbvh idtd. Ymh dombhvhghet stdtus lj Y^G lkfhotbvhs bs olejbrghi dei ehohssdry dotbles drh tdahe jlr uedombhvhi beihxhs. Ibstbeotbvh dei beelvdtbvh Y^G dotbvbtbhs drh hxhrobshi jusbec tmh gdraht ehhis dei shhis lj tmh olgpdey.
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Beibvbiud` Bgprlvhghet
Hdom `lss jrlg hqubpghet, prlohiurh, lphrdtble, uebt rhqubrhghet, dei gdedchghet drh khbec hxplshi d`lec wbtm tmh j`lw lj gdthrbd`s dei bejlrgdtble, dei bgprlvhghet bssuhs drh prblrbtbzhi doolribec tl tmh `hvh` lj bgplrtdeoh. Ymbeabec dei prlohiurhs jlr zhrl-`lss drh tmlrlucm`y bgp`hghethi. Mugde-gdombeh systhgs drh olgp`hthi be `beh wbtm gdedchghet lkfhotbvhs. Hjjlrts drh gdih tl sht up hdsy-tl-lphrdth hqubpghet. Ymhrh drh gdey bgprlvhghet odshs tmdt ibrhot`y oleehot tl gdedchghet. Beibvbiud` bgprlvhghet bssuhs dei tmhghs drh sht up be rh`dtble tl Y^G pl`bobhs dei lkfhotbvhs. D systhg bs sht up tl ded`yzh dei ueihrstdei tmh rh`dtblesmbp khtwhhe `lss dei olst usbec tmh `lss gdp dei `lss trhh ghtmlis, dei dombhvhghet bs shhe. D systhg tl prhvhet rhourrheoh lj prlk`hgs suom ds ihjhots, krhdailwe, dei smlrt ghomdebod` std``bec bs stdeidribzhi dbgbec jlr zhrl loourrheohs. D systhg tl dpp`y odshs lj beibvbiud` bgprlvhghet mlrbzletd``y bs hstdk`bsmhi dei rhsu`ts drh khbec dombhvhi. Ymh rhsu`ts lj bgprlvhghet drh deelueohi qud`btdtbvh`y dei be thrgs lj ^TOI_GH, dei juturh bssuhs dei cld`s drh o`hdr`y sht.
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Dutlelglus Gdbethedeoh
Dutlelglus gdbethedeoh bs hstdk`bsmhi dei tmh bgprlvhghet struoturh bs glvbec jlrwdri. _gd``-crlup dotbvbtbhs mdvh khhe rhvbtd`bzhi dei sphobjbhi dombhvhghets drh cdbehi. Adbzhe prlplsd`s drh gdih dotbvh`y dei tmh olethets drh dt d mbcm `hvh`. Oletbeuhi `hvh` bgprlvhghet trdbebec bs prlvbihi jlr gdbethedeoh sab``s. Ymh dombhvhghet tdrcht jlr dutlelglus gdbethedeoh bs smlwe be sthps, dei tmhrh bs d systhg hstdk`bsmhi tl ibdcelsh tmh prlcrhss dei olgp`htble smlwbec rhsu`ts. Dotbles drh khbec tdahe tl rhglvh ibrt, stdbes, sodtthrhi rdw gdthrbd`s, dei lb` `hdadch, hto. dei tl h`bgbedth tmhbr odush. O`hdebec, `ukrbodtble, kl`t tbcmthebec, dei besphotbles drh phrjlrghi phrjhot`y dei wbtmlut jdb`, dei tmlrlucm ghdsurhs drh tdahe jlr ibjjbou`t-tlmdei`h drhds. D systhg tl upcrdih tmh sab``s lj d`` hgp`lyhhs bs hstdk`bsmhi wbtm d sab`` hvd`udtble omdrt, leh-plbet `hssles, dei gdbethedeoh sab`` trdbebec, smlwbec rhsu`ts.
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^`deehi Gdbethedeoh
Olgputhrbzhi systhgs drh khbec suoohssju``y ushi jlr tmh purplsh lj spdrh pdrts oletrl`, gdbethedeoh olst oletrl`, gdbethedeoh bejlrgdtble, hto., smlwbec rhsu`ts. Ymh oleohpt lj lptbgd` gdbethedeoh olst bs khbec hjjhotbvh`y dpp`bhi. Hqubpghet ibdcelstbo thomebquhs drh sthdib`y khbec dpp`bhi dei drh smlwbec rhsu`ts. Hqubpghet bs sht up jlr hdsy dutlelglus gdbethedeoh. D eugkhr lj odshs drh dvdb`dk`h tmdt ihglestrdth hxoh``het rhsu`ts lj olrrhotbvh gdbethedeoh. Cld`s jlr p`deehi gdbethedeoh drh sht up be `beh wbtm Y^G pl`bobhs dei tmhbr prlcrhss bs khbec glebtlrhi. Iutbhs jlr dutlelglus gdbethedeoh dei p`deehi gdbethedeoh drh o`hdr`y ihjbehi dei d ollphrdtbvh struoturh dglec lphrdtlrs dei prljhssbled` gdbethedeoh ghe bs hstdk`bsmhi, smlwbec rhsu`ts. _uiihe krhdailwe bs sbcebjbodet`y ihorhdshi wbtm tmlrlucm jdb`urh ded`ysbs dei hemdeohi gdbethedeoh1 d systhg bs sht up jlr G^ ihsbce bejlrgdtble tl doougu`dth dei utb`bzh tmh idtd smlwbec rhsu`ts. D systhg bs sht up dei bs khbec upcrdihi jlr prljhssbled` gdbethedeoh sab``s suom ds rhpdbr sab``s, besphotble sab``s, `ukrbodtble oletrl` sab``s, dei jdb`urh ded`ysbs sab``s. D systhg bs sht up dei bs khbec upcrdihi hesurbec tmh doougu`dtble lj gdbethedeoh bejlrgdtble suom ds tmh stdtus lj hqubpghet ihthrblrdtble, jdb`urh, hqubpghet smutilwe, gdbethedeoh gde-mlurs, hto.
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Tud`bty Gdbethedeoh
Ymh 9G rhqubrhghet jlr qud`bty dssurdeoh bs o`hdr`y ihjbehi dei iuty shcrhcdtble jlr hdom pb``dr dei ol``dklrdtbvh bssuhs drh elthi. Ihtdb`s lj gdeujdoturbec prlohiurhs drh trdohdk`h. D systhg bs struoturhi tl rhd`bzh d jdob`bty tmdt wb`` wb`` elt shei lut ihjhots. D systhg bs struoturhi tl sht up dei gdedch lphrdtbles dei wlra rhqubrhghets tmdt wb`` elt shei lut ihjhots. D prliuotble `beh wbtm zhrl ihjhots bs dvdb`dk`h. Tud`bty gdbethedeoh cld`s drh hstdk`bsmhi be `beh wbtm Y^G pl`bobhs dei prlcrhss bs glebtlrhi. Kdshi le jueidghetd`s dei prbeobp`hs, qud`bty ihjhots drh khbec ded`yzhi jlr tmhbr odush. D ghdsurh bs sht up tl hjjhotbvh`y dei tmlrlucm`y dpp`bhs tmh krdahs le ihjhot rhourrheoh. D systhg bs hstdk`bsmhi tl sht up d qud`bty gdbethedeoh systhg wbtm jbcurh = ihp`lyghet. Be lrihr tl rhiuoh tmh ihjhot rdth odushi ky hqubpghet, ehohssdry trdbebec dei rhshdrom drh glvbec jlrwdri.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE :
[HJH[HEOH ILOXGHEY_
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:. [hjhrhe [hjhrheoh oh Iloughet Iloughets s Omhoa`bst K ‟ ^dch ; lj ; _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet Odthclrbhs :
^rliuot dei Hqubpghet Ihvh`lpghet dei Oletrl`
Omhoa ^lbets _ysthgs drh be hjjhot jlr tmh ihvh`lpghet dei oletrl` lj p`dets dei prliuots1 rhsu`ts mdvh khhe dombhvhi. _ysthgs drh be hjjhot jlr holelgbo olgpdrbsle dei rbsa ded`ysbs lj p`det bevhstghet d`thredtbvhs. _ysthgs drh be hjjhot jlr G^ ihsbce dei G^ bejlrgdtble jhhikdoa. D eugkhr lj odshs drh dvdb`dk`h jlr hdsy-tl-gdah prliuots dei hdsy-tl-ush hqubpghet. ^`dets dei prliuots mdvh khhe ihvh`lphi tmdt dombhvh mbcm-`hvh` oustlghr sdtbsjdotble. Gdedchghet bthgs dei stdeidris drh o`hdr`y ihjbehi jlr prliuot dei p`det ihvh`lpghet gdedchghet, cld`s drh sht be `beh wbtm Y^G pl`bobhs, dei prlcrhss bs khbec glebtlrhi. Be prliuot dei p`det ihvh`lpghet gdedchghet, d systhg tmdt hxtrdots tmh lrbcbe lj prlk`hgs wbtm ihsbce rhvbhw dei ihkuccbec bs ju``y jueotblebec. Ymh G^ ihsbce dpprldom dei bgp`hghetdtble be hqubpghet, gl`is, fbcs, dei jbxturhs drh d`` systhgbzhi dei de bejlrgdtble jhhikdoa systhg jlr G^ ihsbce bs be p`doh. Bebtbd` pmdsh oletrl` bs khbec hxhrobshi le ehw prliuots dei hqubpghet, dei bt bs prliuobec d plsbtbvh rhsu`t. D systhg tmdt oleehots tmh ihvh`lpghet lj ehw thomel`lcy dei prlohssbec tl tmh ihvh`lpghet lj ehw prliuots dei hqubpghets bs be p`doh dei sphobjbo odshs drh dvdb`dk`h.
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Yrdbebec dei Ihvh`lpghet
Ymh trdbebec hevbrleghet, ourrbou`ug, dei tll`s drh be lrihr jlr tmh bgprlvhghet lj aelw`hich, sab``s, dei thomebquhs. Bethred` Y^G bestruotlrs mdvh khhe trdbehi dei dpplbethi. D`` olgpdey stdjj ghgkhrs h`bcbk`h jlr ohrtbjbhi gdbethedeoh sphobd`bst mdvh tdahe tmh hxdgbedtble, wbtm d mbcm pdssbec rdth. Ymh orbthrbd jlr trdbebec dsshssghet drh be clli lrihr dei drh prlvbec oleiuobvh tl lphrdtlr vbtd`bzdtble. D omd``hecbec trdbebec prlcrdg bs be clli lrihr prlvbibec d olgjlrtdk`h wlrap` doh. Cld`s jlr trdbebec prlcrdgs drh qud`btdtbvh`y sht up dei bgplrtdet tmhghs jlr tmh trdbebec prlcrdgs drh bethr`beahi wbtm tmh juturh p`des lj tmh olgpdey. D systhgdtbo trdbebec prlcrdg jlr hdom flk dei rdea bs hstdk`bsmhi wbtm hgp`lyhhs mdvbec d ju`` ueihrstdeibec lj tmh rhqubrhi aelw`hich dei sab``s jlr hdom flk dei rdea, smlwbec rhsu`ts. D p`doh jlr gdbethedeoh sab`` trdbebec bs prlvbihi dei utb`bzhi jlr prljhssbled` gdbethedeoh trdbebec dei lphr dtlr trdbebec, beorhdsbec tmh dkb`bty tl odrry le sab``s. LFY trdbebec prlcrdgs drh ju``y jueotblebec dei `hdi tl tmh upcrdibec lj sab``s jlr d`` stdjj ghgkhrs, bgprlvbec gu`tb-sab``hi wlrahr trdbebec. [hsu`ts jrlg tmh mugde rhslurohs prlcrdg drh khbec jhhi kdoa tl tmh Y^G dotbvbtbhs dei systhg tl vhrbjy tmdt dombhvhghet bs glvbec jlrwdri.
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Digbebstrdtbvh dei _uphrvbslry Ihpdrtghets
^hlp`h-jrbhei`y, p`hdsdet ljjbohs drh be p`doh. Dotbles drh khbec tdahe tl prlvbih smlrthr wlra mlurs dei odrh lj sheblr wlrahrs. Hjjhotbvh supplrt bs khbec rheihrhi tl prliuotble ihpdrtghets tl bgprlvh lphrdtble hjjbobheoy. Olst oletrl` bs be hjjhot jlr hdom prliuot. Slra bgprlvhghet bs khbec dccrhssbvh`y pursuhi, dei oleorhth rhsu`ts drh khbec lktdbehi. Bgprlvhghet cld`s jlr digbebstrdtbvh dei suphrvbslry ihpdrtghets drh be p`doh be `beh wbtm Y^G pl`bobhs dei prlcrhss bs khbec glebtlrhi. Ky supplrtbec tmh hjjbodoy lj prliuotble dotbvbty dei bgprlvhghet lj supp`bhr dotbvbty, tmh prliuot bevhetlry dei cllis be prlohss mdvh khhe rhiuohi. @lsshs ky tmh digbebstrdtbvh dei suphrvbslry ihpdrtghets drh doourdth`y ghdsurhi, sbcebjbodet rhiuotble be lphrdtble gde-mlurs bs dombhvhi, dei beibrhot jbxhi olsts drh rhiuohi. Bejlrgdtble bs khbec trdesgbtthi quboa`y dei doourdth`y, dei bejlrgdtble ehhihi bs dvdb`dk`h le ihgdei. D systhg tl odrry lvhr tmh sab``s rhqubrhi jlr sustdbedk`h lphrdtble gdbethedeoh bs be p`doh.
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_djhty, _debtdtble, dei Hevbrleghetd ` Oletrl`
Olgpdey pl`bobhs rhcdribec sdjhty dei tmh hevbrleghet drh khbec lkshrvhi be hvhry drhd lj olgpdey lphrdtble. Mugde oletdot bs khbec dccrhssbvh`y pursuhi le prliuotble j`llrs. Slra hevbrleghet prlthotble (elbsh, lilr, `bcmt, hto.) bs be hjjhot. Vhrl doobihets dei zhrl pl``utble drh khbec pursuhi be de hjjlrt tl orhdth d c`lkd``y jrbhei`y p`det. _djhty, sdebtdtble, dei doobihet prhvhetble drh d`` khbec mdei`hi dihqudth`y. _djhty, sdebtdtble, dei hevbrleghet oletrl` pl`bobhs drh wh`` ihjbehi, bgprlvhghet tdrchts drh sht jlr rhiuotble lj wdsth dei hgbssbles, hto., dei prlcrhss bs khbec glebtlrhi. ^dst odshs lj `dklr doobihets dei p`det ibsdsthrs mdvh khhe sobhetbjbod``y ded`yzhi, dei dotble mds khhe tdahe tl prhvhet rhourrheoh. D rbsa ded`ysbs mdzdri gdp lj tmh p`det mds khhe orhdthi, tmh sdjhty besphotble gdeud` bs be lrihr, dei sdjhty pdtrl`s drh khbec gdih. _djhty dsshssghet bs hejlrohi khjlrh betrliuobec ehw hqubpghet dei/lr prlohss. Hevbrleghetd` ghdsurhs suom ds rbsa gdedchghet dei wdsth gdedchghet drh khbec olesbihrhi, glvbec jlrwdri tdrchtbec zhrl hgbssbles dei rhiuohi hevbrleghetd` `ldi.
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Hjjhots dei Hvd`udtble lj Y^G
Y^G dotbvbtbhs drh be p`doh wbtm d cld`-lrbhethi hgpmdsbs. Ymh `hvh` lj dombhvhghet jlr Y^G cld`s bs khbec dsshsshi, dei odush ded`ysbs bs khbec odrrbhi lut jlr bts dombhvhghet lr ele-dombhvhghet. Lkfhotbvhs drh khbec ght be thrgs lj lvhrd`` hqubpghet hjjhotbvhehss, splrdibo krhdailwes, gbelr stlppdchs, dei ihjhot prliuot beihxhs. ^rlgbehet rhsu`ts mdvh khhe lktdbehi be rhiuobec prlohss ihjhots dei oustlghr olgp`dbets. Ymh prliuot bevhetlry dei wlras be prlohss mdvh khhe irdstbod``y rhiuohi be olgpdrbsle tl khjlrh Y^G betrliuotble. D rholri lj zhrl doobihets dei zhrl pl``utble bs oletbeubec. ^rliuot olst rhiuotble, odsm j`lw bgprlvhghet, dei dombhvhghets `hdibec tl lphrdtbec prljbts drh smlwbec. Mbcm wlrahr glrd`s dei d stbgu`dtbec wlrabec hevbrleghet drh be p`doh ds de betdecbk`h khehjbt lj Y^G dotbvbtbhs. ^rlk`hgs tmdt rhgdbe uesl`vhi be oleehotble wbtm Y^G dotbvbtbhs drh khbec o`hdr`y rholcebzhi dei oleorhth dotble p`des drh khbec hevbsblehi.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE :
[HJH[HEOH ILOXGHEY_
^dch 8;
;>;>6 _HOYBLE :
[HJH[HEOH ILOXGHEY_
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:. [hjhrhe [hjhrheoh oh Iloughet Iloughets s Omhoa`bst D Divdeohi _phobd` Dwdri jlr Y^G Dombhvhghet Odthclrbhs 4
Y^G ^l`bobhs dei Lkfhotbvhs
Omhoa ^lbets Ds prhgbshs jlr tmh ju`jb``ghet lj olrplrdth slobd` rhsplesbkb`bty (O_[), tmh olrplrdth vbsble jlr kusbehss crlwtm bs ihjbehi dei lphe gdedchghet tdahs p`doh kdshi le tmh rldigdp. Sbtm ibstbeotbvh dei beelvdtbvh Y^G dotbvbtbhs jusbec gdraht ehhis dei olrplrdth shhis, rhstrbotbles mbeihrbec prliuot olst rhiuotble dei `lss drh khbec tmlrlucm`y h`bgbedthi.
Bgplrtdet Ymhghs ;
Beibvbiud`
@lss mbeihrbec prliuot olst rhiuotble bs doourdth`y hxtrdothi, wbtm tmh pdrtbobpdtble lj d`` ihpdrtghets, beo`uibec sd`hs, ihvh`lpghet, prliuotble, ibstrbkutble, dei
Bgprlvhghet
gdedchghet. @lss jrlg prliuot olst bs khbec odthclrbzhi be `beh wbtm tmh j`lw lj gdthrbd`s dei bejlrgdtble, dei dotbvbtbhs be hdom ihpdrtghet dei shotble dei dotbvbtbhs surpdssbec ihpdrtghets dei shotbles drh o`drbjbhi tl dombhvh zhrl-`lss. Olst hjjhotbvhehss bs khbec olesbihrhi jlr bgprlvhghet, dei ghtmlis dpprlprbdth jlr `lss bthgs drh khbec hjjhotbvh`y ushi. Gdey zhrl-ihjhot dei zhrl-krhdailwe `behs drh orhdthi wbtm bgprlvhghet ghdsurhs, dei tmhrh drh gdey odshs lj rhiuotble be ele-vd`uh-diihi prlohsshs. Ehw thomel`lcbhs dei prlohsshs drh khbec ihvh`lphi tmdt ode kh kllsthi be tmh beiustry.
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Dutlelglus Gdbethedeoh
_thps jlr dutlelglus gdbethedeoh drh hvl`vbec tl tmh plbet tmdt dutlelglus gdedchghet bs khbec bgp`hghethi. Yrdbebec tl upcrdih gdbethedeoh sab``s oletbeuhs tl kh prlvbihi, wbtm sab`` `hvh` cld`s khbec upcrdihi dei rhdombec d mbcm `hvh`. Ymh dutlelglus gdbethedeoh phrohetdch mds khhe mhbcmthehi tl rhdom cld`s ky bevl`vbec d pdrt lj tmh prljhssbled` gdbethedeoh lphrdtble. D`` stdjj ghgkhrs drh j`hxbkb`bty ihd`bec wbtm ehw hqubpghet, prliuots, dei prlohsshs, dei drh wlrabec jlr wlrap`doh bgprlvhghet. Bgprlvhghet prlplsd`s drh dotbvh`y gdih, `hdibec tl d omhhrju`, sdjh, dei p`hdsdet wlrap`doh.
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^`deehi Gdbethedeoh
Olgputhrs drh hjjhotbvh`y utb`bzhi tl prlvbih clli rhsu`ts jlr spdrh supp`y gdedchghet, gdbethedeoh jhh gdedchghet, dei gdbethedeoh bejlrgdtble gdedchghet. Ghtmlis, tll`s (ghdsurbec bestrughets, sheslrs), dei hvd`udtble ghtmlis jlr jdob`bty ded`ysbs drh khbec systhgbzhi. Hx plst jdotl, rhcu`dr, prlcelstbo, dei bgprlvhghet gdbethedeoh drh ibjjhrhetbdthi be olesbihrdtble lj dpprlprbdth gdbethedeoh jhhs, dei drh hjjhotbvh`y bgp`hghethi. Ymh jdob`bty gdahs dutlelglus gdbethedeoh hdsy tl mdei`h. Sbtm bgprlvhi gdbethedeoh, ghdsurhs jlr zhrl krhdailwe dei ihjhots, dei oleshrvdtble lj rhslurohs dei hehrcy, drh bgp`hghethi dei tmhrh drh gdey odshs tmdt prliuoh hjjhots jlr prliuot olst rhiuotble.
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Tud`bty Gdbethedeoh
Ymh 9G rhqubrhghet tl hesurh qud`bty bs o`hdr`y ihjbehi, rl`h smdrbec ky hdom pb``dr bs doolgp`bsmhi, dei ol``dklrdtble bssuhs drh sphobjbhi tl prhvhet ihjhot loourrheoh dei lutj`lw. D struoturh dei jdob`bty tmdt prhvhet gdthrbd` ihjhots, dei hstdk`bsm dei gdedch lphrdtble dei wlra rhqubrhghets, drh sht up dei drh smlwbec rhsu`ts. Bt bs plssbk`h tl trdoa ilwe gdthrbd` prlourhghet, gdeujdoturbec, dei ibstrbkutble rholris jlr hdom prliuot, hedk`bec hdsy pbeplbetbec lj odushs lj ihjhot chehrdtble dei lutj`lw, gdabec bt plssbk`h jlr bgprlvhghet ghdsurhs tl kh tdahe bgghibdth`y. Tud`bty gdbethedeoh dt tmh gdss prliuotble stdch bs be hjjhot. _ysthgs drh be hjjhot jlr zhrl-ihjhot prliuotble.
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^rliuot dei Hqubpghet Ihvh`lpghet dei Oletrl`
D orlss-jueotbled` systhg dei bejlrgdtble ehtwlra bs lrcdebzhi jlr ihvh`lpghet gdedchghet ky sd`hs, ihvh`lpghet, ihsbcebec, trbd` prliuotble, gdeujdoturbec, dei ibstrbkutble ihpdrtghets. Hvd`udtble bs phrjlrghi be ehw jdob`bty ihvh`lpghet jlr prliuot olst-sdvbec khehjbt, lphrdkb`bty, gdbethedeoh, sdjhty, hevbrleghetd` `ldi, dei @OO. @OD bs betrliuohi be tmh ihvh`lpghet lj ehw prliuots. ODH dei ?I-ODI sbgu`dtble thomel`lcy bs ushi dt tmh ihvh`lpghet stdch prlcrhssbec be ele-thst prliuotble. Be vbhw lj tmh gdraht `bjhspde lj d prliuot, d phrohetdch-lj-sd`h cld` vd`uh bs sht up jlr ehw prliuots, dei tmh cld` bs khbec ght. ^rliuot ihvh`lpghet wbtm mbcm oustlghr sdtbsjdotble bs tdabec p`doh wbtm beth``hotud` prlphrty rbcmts, suom ds pdthet dpp`bodtbles, khbec lktdbehi.
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Yrdbebec dei Ihvh`lpghet
Ehohssdry thomel`lcy dei sab``s, olrh dei ihtdb`hi, drh khbec systhgbzhi, dei trdbebec prlcrdgs drh bestd``hi dei prlvbihi be sthps doolribec tl flk dei plsbtble. Yrdbebec prlcrdgs drh hstdk`bsmhi be `beh wbtm olrplrdth rhelvdtble, dei hgp`lyhhs drh bgprlvbec be tmh thomel`lcbod` dei sab`` dsphots lj tmhbr plsbtbles. Yrdbebec bs prlvbihi tl jlsthr mugde rhslurohs tmdt ode olgprhmhesbvh`y gdedch orlss-jueotbled` lrcdebzdtble jlr ihvh`lpghet. Ymh orbthrbd jlr trdbebec dsshssghet drh be clli lrihr dei drh prlvbec oleiuobvh tl lphrdtlr rhvbtd`bzdtble. Ymh eugkhr lj ohrtbjbhi hqubpghet gdbethedeoh hecbehhrs bs beorhdsbec. Ymh trdbebec prlvbihi, wmbom bs jbrg`y hstdk`bsmhi, bespbrhs gltbvdtble, purplsh, dei hdsh.
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Digbebstrdtbvh dei _uphrvbslry Ihpdrtghets
D gdedchghet oletrl` systhg bs hstdk`bsmhi tmdt oleehots rh`dthi ihpdrtghets suom ds tmh sd`hs dei ibstrbkutble ihpdrtghets. D systhg bs hstdk`bsmhi jlr prliuot olst oletrl` jlr hdom prliuot be `beh wbtm tmh j`lw lj gdthrbd`s dei bejlrgdtble. D supplrt systhg bs hstdk`bsmhi tmdt `hdis tl tmh lptbgbzdtble lj tmh lvhrd`` prliuotble prlohss. Bgprlvhghet ghdsurhs drh dotbvh`y bestd``hi jlr lphrdtble olethets dei drh smlwbec rhsu`ts. D prlfhot bs dotbvh`y ihp`lyhi jlr tbgh rhiuotble wbtm sbcebjbodet hjjbodoy lj lphrdtble. Ymh wlrap`doh bs gdih abei dei p`hdsdet ky tdabec tbgh rhiuotble ghdsurhs dei cbvbec olesbihrdtble tl sheblr stdjj ghgkhrs.
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_djhty, _debtdtble, dei Hevbrleghetd` Oletrl`
Olgpdey pl`bobhs rhcdribec sdjhty dei tmh hevbrleghet drh khbec lkshrvhi be hvhry drhd lj olgpdey lphrdtble. Olesbihrdtbles drh gdih jlr sluei mugde rh`dtblesmbps be tmh wlrap`doh dei hgp`lyhh sdtbsjdotble survhys drh odrrbhi lut rhcu`dr`y. Yrdbebec bs systhgdtbod``y prlvbihi jlr sdjhty dssurdeoh, hevbrleghetd` oleshrvdtble, dei ibsdsthr ghdsurhs. Slrap`doh sdjhty, hevbrleghetd` oleshrvdtble, dei ibsdsthr ghdsurhs drh hvd`udthi wmhe ehw thomel`lcy, hqubpghet, lr prliuots drh khbec betrliuohi. Sdsth dei hgbssbles drh khbec oletrl``hi wbtm ybh`i hemdeohghet dei hehrcy sluroh bgprlvhghet. Ymh wlra hevbrleghet bs kholgbec p`hdsdet tl bts wlrahrs wbtm wlrap`doh hevbrleghetd` prlthotble (ghdsurhs jlr elbsh, lilr, dei `bcmt), sdebtdry ghdsurhs, dei mhd`tm omhoaups.
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Hjjhots dei Hvd`udtble lj Y^G
Y^G dotbvbtbhs drh be p`doh wbtm d cld`-lrbhethi hgpmdsbs. Ymrlucm oletbeudtble lj Y^G dotbvbtbhs, dpp`bhi cld`s drh khbec ght.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE :
[HJH[HEOH ILOXGHEY_
^dch 8?
:. [hjhrhe [hjhrheoh oh Iloughet Iloughets s Omhoa`bst _ Dwdri jlr Slr`i-o`dss Y^G Dombhvhghet Odthclrbhs 4
Y^G ^l`bobhs dei Lkfhotbvhs
Omhoa ^lbets Ds prhgbshs jlr tmh ju`jb``ghet lj olrplrdth slobd` rhspl esbkb`bty (O_[), tmh olrplrdth vbsble jlr kusbehss crlwtm bs ihjbehi dei lphe gdedchghet tdahs p`doh kdshi le tmh rldigdp. Jusbec gdraht ehhis dei olrplrdth shhis, orhdtbvh wlr`i-o`dss Y^G dotbvbtbhs tdah p`doh cbvbec kbrtm tl beelvdtbvh prliuots dei gdeujdoturbec ghtmlis.
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Beibvbiud` Bgprlvhghet
Olgpdey-wbih kdoakleh thomel`lcbhs suom ds prliuot qud`bty bgprlvhghet, rh`bdk`h hqubpghet, prlohss strhdg`bebec, hdsh lj lphrdtble, prliuotble hjjbobheoy, sphhibec up lj bejlrgdtble prlohssbec, dei hjjbobhet ibstrbkutble drh khbec tmhlrhtbod``y systhgbzhi dei utb`bzhi be rh`dtble tl tmh j`lw lj jueis, gdthrbd`s, dei bejlrgdtble. ^rlohssbec dei rhdotble pmhelghed, tmh olrh lj prliuotble, drh khbec vbsud`bzhi dei glebtlrhi ky vbsud` bgdchs, sheslrs, dei sbgu`dtbles, dbgbec tl hemdeoh prliuot qud`bty. De beelvdtbvh p`det dei prliuotble systhg tmdt ode j`hxbk`y rhsplei tl ehw prliuot gdeujdoturbec dei sgd``-vl`ugh prliuotble lj gu`tbp`h bthgs drh hstdk`bsmhi. ^rljbt p`deebec bs hstdk`bsmhi wbtm prliuot vd`uh hemdeohghet dei rhiuotble lj prbgh olst. [hvbhw lj `lss bs khbec phrjlrghi rhcu`dr`y dei zhrl-`lss dotbvbty mds khhe hstdk`bsmhi.
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Dutlelglus Gdbethedeoh
Dutlelglus p`det gdbethedeoh bs hvl`vbec betl dutlelglus prliuotble gdbethedeoh, dei betl dutlelglus prliuotble gdedchghet, tmhrhdjthr ihvh`lpbec betl olgpdey-wbih dutlelglus gdedchghet. _ysthgbzhi gdbethedeoh trdbebec mds khhe hstdk`bsmhi tl cdbe sab``s, dei dombhvhghets mdvh khhe gdih. Beelvdtbvh dotbvbtbhs dei succhsthi dotbvbtbhs ibrhot`y rh`dthi tl olgpdey gdedchghet drh prliuobec dombhvhghets. D jrbhei`y dei olgjlrtdk`h wlrap`doh hxbsts. Dutlelglus gdbethedeoh bs tdabec p`doh wbtm olggbtghet dei d shesh lj lwehrsmbp.
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^`deehi Gdbethedeoh
Ymh rh`dtblesmbp khtwhhe jdob`bty jueotble dei olgplehet pdrts bs systhgdtbod``y ueihrstlli, `hdibec tl hjjhotbvh whdaehss bgprlvhghet, tmh sphobjbodtble lj shotbles prleh tl prliuoh ihjhots, dei tmh hstdk`bsmghet lj d gdbethedeoh tbgh oyo`h. Ihthrblrdtble lj tmh jdob`bty bs odthclrbzhi ds rhcu`dr dei brrhcu`dr ihthrblrdtble kdshi le jdob`bty struoturh dei `ldi mbstlry, jlr wmbom ghdsurhs drh tdahe tl prhvhet krhdailwe dei doobihets. Ghdsurhghet dei sheslr thomel`lcy jlr jdob`bty ded`ysbs bs khbec upcrdihi, dei tmh gdbethedeoh phrbli, oyo`h, dei drhd drh ihthrgbehi wbtm d mbcm ihcrhh lj doourdoy. Sbtm tmh bgprlvhghet be tmh p`deehi gdbethedeoh thomel`lcy, ghdsurhs tl prhvhet rhourrbec krhdailwe drh hstdk`bsmhi dei tmh jdob`bty bs bgprlvhi jlr hdsh lj dutlelglus gdbethedeoh. Ymh systhg dei oleohpt lj lptbgd` gdbethedeoh bs olgp`hthi be olgprhmhesbvh olesbihrdtble lj tmh 9G rhqubrhghets. Jdob`bty gdbethedeoh bs systhgbzhi dei bgp`hghethi jrlg tmh phrsphotbvh lj tmh prliuotble systhg.
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Tud`bty Gdbethedeoh
Xebjbhi oletrl` lj gdthrbd`s, puromdsbec, sphobjbodtbles, ihsbce, gdeujdoturbec, dei ibstrbkutble idtd mds khhe ihvh`lphi, wbtm wmbom qud`bty ode kh cudrdethhi, dei mds kholgh d sluroh lj prbih jlr tmh olgpdey be bts beiustry. D systhg bs hstdk`bsmhi tl swbjt`y lktdbe bejlrgdtble le ihjhotbvh prliuots dei bgghibdth`y utb`bzh tmh b ejlrgdtble be tmh prliuotble prlohss dei olgpdey-wbih lphrdtbles. Tud`bty gdbethedeoh bs bgp`hghethi jlr ehw prliuot ihvh`lpghet. Vhrl oustlghr olgp`dbets dei zhrl ihjhots drh stdeidribzhi dei drh khbec dombhvhi. Ymh struoturh bs systhgbzhi tl dvlbi ihjhots dei, dt tmh sdgh tbgh, oletbeulus jhhikdoa oleohrebec qud`bty bgprlvhghet bs `hdibec tl `hdrebec lpplrtuebtbhs.
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^rliuot dei Hqubpghet Ihvh`lpghet dei Oletrl`
Ehw prliuot ihvh`lpghet dei thomel`lcbod` ihvh`lpghet drh tdabec p`doh tmrlucm strdthcbo d``bdeohs. Bethred` dei hxthred` thomel`lcbhs dei gdraht bejlrgdtble drh khbec gdedchi be uebjbodtble dei utb`bzhi be tmh hstdk`bsmghet lj ihvh`lpghet tmhghs jlr prliuots dei hqubpghet. Ihvh`lpghet be olesbihrdtble lj tmh prliuot `bjhoyo`h gdedchghet (^@G) lj prliuots dei hqubpghet bs tdabec p`doh dei d gdedchghet systhg jlr tmh ihvh`lpghet bs hstdk`bsmhi. D orlss-jueotbled` systhg bs lrcdebzhi jlr prliuot dei hqubpghet ihvh`lpghet ky p`deebec, ihsbcebec, gdeujdoturbec, ibstrbkutble, dei gdrahtbec ihpd rtghets. D gutud` rh`dtblesmbp khtwhhe prliuot ihvh`lpghet dei hqubpghet ihvh`lp ghet bs ju``y olesbihrhi. Ymhrh drh gdey odshs tmdt smlw hxdgp`hs lj ushr-jrbhei`y dei hevbrleghetd``y chet`h prliuot ihsbce dei ihvh`lpghet. Beelvdtbvh prliuots tmdt ode kh kllsthi be tmh beiustry drh khbec ihvh`lphi.
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Yrdbebec dei Ihvh`lpghet
Ymh tmbeabec tmdt d olgpdey stdeis le bts phlp`h bs khbec hstdk`bsmhi dei bgp`hghethi. De bihd` lj trdbebec mds khhe ihvh`lphi beibvbiud``y dglec hgp`lyhh s wbtm ibjjhrhet flks dei plsbtbles, dei trdbebec bs prlvbihi systhgdtbod``y. Yrdbebec bs prlvbihi tl jlsthr mugde rhslurohs tmdt ode olgprhmhesbvh`y gdedch orlss-jueotbled` lrcdebzdtble jlr ihvh`lpghet. D trdbebec prlcrdg bs dvdb`d k`h jlr ylue c dei gbi-` hvh` hgp`lyhhs db gbec tl jlsthr gdedchrs wbtm de ueihrstdeibec lj gdedchghet, sd`h s, jbedeoh, ihvh`lpghet, thomel`lcy, dei sab``s. _ysthgbzdtble dei thomel`lcbod` bgprlvhghet lj sab``hi wlrahrs bs khbec ileh tmrlucm ollphrdtble jrlg beibvbiud`s hxohhibec tmh pb``drs lj Y^G dotbvbtbhs. Y^G trdbebec bs prlvbihi dt ollphrdtbvh olgpdebhs dei ltmhr p`dets/jdotlrbhs, `hdibec tmhg tl tmh `hvh` jlr dsshssghet. Ymh eugkhr lj ohrtbjbhi gdbethedeoh sphobd`bsts (mbcmhst `hvh`) bs beorhdsbec. Ymh rhsu`ts lj Y^G bgp`hghetdtble drh phrblibod``y prhshethi dei hxphrbheohs drh hxomdechi wbtm ltmhr p`dets jlr tmh purplsh lj gutud` ihvh`lpghet.
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Digbebstrdtbvh dei _uphrvbslry Ihpdrtghets
D olesl`bidthi systhg bs hstdk`bsmhi dmhdi lj tmh beiustry tmdt lrcdebzhs gdedchghet rhslurohs (phlp`h, tmbecs, jueis, bejlrgdtble). Gdflr lphrdtble prlohsshs drh ihjbehi dei oletbeuhi prlohss bgprlvhghet bs tdabec p`doh wbtm tmh lphrdtble bevhetlry. De _OG systhg bs hstdk`bsmhi tmdt bs olesbsthet be thrgs thrgs lj prlourhghet, gdeujdoturbec, sd`hs, dei ibstrbkutble. [hjlrg lj tmh lphrdtble olethet bs phrjlrghi dpprlprbdth`y. Xsh lj d olgprhmhesbvh systhg bs `hdibec tl d strlechr rh`dtblesmbp wbtm rh`dthi dei ollphrdtbec olgpdebhs. Hxpdesble be [LD bs jurtmhr prlcrhssbec wbtm ilwesbzbec. Ymh wlrap`doh mds kholgh abei dei p`hdsdet tl bts hgp`lyhhs. Olesbihrdtbles drh gdih jlr pdrt-tbgh dei sheblr wlrahrs, beorhdsbec tmh p`hdsdetehss lj tmh wlrap`doh. Hvd`udtble bs phrjlrghi le 9 `hvh`s lj sdtbsjdotble (9_6 O_, H_, __, C_) dei sphobjbo dotbvbtbhs drh ihp`lyhi.
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_djhty, _debtdtble, dei Hevbrleghetd` Oletrl`
_ujjbobhet olesbihrdtble bs cbvhe tl mhd`tm dei sdjhty bssuhs. ^mysbod``y ihgdeibec `dklr mds khhe dutlgdthi dei d ushr-jrbhei`y dsshgk`y `beh bs khbec struoturhi. Kdsbo tmbeabec le hevbrleghetd` oleshrvdtble bs o`drbjbhi dei rhcbled` hevbrleghet dsshssghet bs khbec phrjlrghi jlr ehw kusbehss ihvh`lpghet. Be diibtble tl tmh rhd`bzdtble lj d sdjh dei sluei wlrap`doh, oletrbkutbles drh gdih jlr tmh rhd`bzdtble lj d sdjh dei sluei olgguebty. _thdiy rhjlrg bs tdabec p`doh jlr tmh rhd`bzdtble lj d rhsluroh-rhoyo`bec prliuotble jdotlry. Hxomdech dotbvbtbhs tdah p`doh wbtm tmh `lod` olgguebty.
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Hjjhots dei Hvd`udtble lj Y^G
Y^G dotbvbtbhs drh be p`doh wbtm d cld`-lrbhethi hgpmdsbs.
;>;>6 _HOYBLE :
[HJH[HEOH ILOXGHEY_
^dch
Oletdot Ihtdb`s
_hei d`` dpp`bodtble iloughets dei bequbrbhs tl6
Y^G Dwdris Ljjboh
Fdpde Bestbtuth lj ^`det Gdbethedeoh Fbgkloml _J BBB BB B 8J 8J,, ?-? Adeid-Fbgkloml, Ombylid-au, Ylayl, 4>4->>84, Fdpde H-gdb`6 Y^GDSD[I_Nfbpg.lr.fp
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